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784 results on '"Lyons, E. A."'

2. The sensitivity of CO and aerosol transport to the temporal and vertical distribution of North American boreal fire emissions

Author

Chen, Y., Li, Q., Randerson, J. T, Lyons, E. A, Kahn, R. A, Nelson, D. L, and Diner, D. J

Subjects
aerosol, biomass burning, black carbon, boreal forest, EOS, forest fire, ground-based measurement, long range transport, satellite imagery, simulation, temporal distribution, trace gas, vertical profile, Alaska, North America, United States
Abstract

Forest fires in Alaska and western Canada represent important sources of aerosols and trace gases in North America. Among the largest uncertainties when modeling forest fire effects are the timing and injection height of biomass burning emissions. Here we simulate CO and aerosols over North America during the 2004 fire season, using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We apply different temporal distributions and injection height profiles to the biomass burning emissions, and compare model results with satellite-, aircraft-, and ground-based measurements. We find that averaged over the fire season, the use of finer temporal resolved biomass burning emissions usually decreases CO and aerosol concentrations near the fire source region, and often enhances long-range transport. Among the individual temporal constraints, switching from monthly to 8-day time intervals for emissions has the largest effect on CO and aerosol distributions, and shows better agreement with measured day-to-day variability. Injection height substantially modifies the surface concentrations and vertical profiles of pollutants near the source region. Compared with CO, the simulation of black carbon aerosol is more sensitive to the temporal and injection height distribution of emissions. The use of MISR-derived injection heights improves agreement with surface aerosol measurements near the fire source. Our results indicate that the discrepancies between model simulations and MOPITT CO measurements near the Hudson Bay can not be attributed solely to the representation of injection height within the model. Frequent occurrence of strong convection in North America during summer tends to limit the influence of injection height parameterizations of fire emissions in Alaska and western Canada with respect to CO and aerosol distributions over eastern North America.

Published
2009

6. The Impact of Boreal Forest Fire on Climate Warming

Author

Randerson, J. T, Liu, H., Flanner, M. G, Chambers, S. D, Jin, Y., Hess, P. G, Pfister, G., Mack, M. C, Treseder, K. K, Welp, L. R, Chapin, F. S, Harden, J. W, Goulden, M. L, Lyons, E., Neff, J. C, Schuur, E. A. G, and Zender, C. S

Abstract

We report measurements and analysis of a boreal forest fire, integrating the effects of greenhouse gases, aerosols, black carbon deposition on snow and sea ice, and postfire changes in surface albedo. The net effect of all agents was to increase radiative forcing during the first year (34 ± 31 Watts per square meter of burned area), but to decrease radiative forcing when averaged over an 80-year fire cycle (–2.3 ± 2.2 Watts per square meter) because multidecadal increases in surface albedo had a larger impact than fire-emitted greenhouse gases. This result implies that future increases in boreal fire may not accelerate climate warming.

Published
2006

12. Parasitological examination of northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups for presence of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) on San Miguel Island, California

Author

Lyons E. T., Kuzmina T. A., Spraker T. R., and Delong R. L.

Subjects
northern elephant seals, hookworms, uncinaria, meloidogyne luci, san miguel island, california, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Necropsy and extensive parasitological examination of dead northern elephant seal (NES) pups was done on San Miguel Island, California, in February, 2015. The main interest in the current study was to determine if hookworms were present in NESs on San Miguel Island where two hookworm species of the genus Uncinaria are known to be present - Uncinaria lyonsi in California sea lions and Uncinaria lucasi in northern fur seals. Hookworms were not detected in any of the NESs examined: stomachs or intestines of 16 pups, blubber of 13 pups and blubber of one bull. The results obtained in the present study of NESs on San Miguel Island plus similar finding on Año Nuevo State Reserve and The Marine Mammal Center provide strong indication that NES are not appropriate hosts for Uncinaria spp. Hookworm free-living third stage larvae, developed from eggs of California sea lions and northern fur seals, were recovered from sand. It seems that at this time, further search for hookworms in NESs would be nonproductive.

Published
2016
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13. Transmission of some species of internal parasites in horse foals born in 2013 in the same pasture on a farm in Central Kentucky

Author

Tolliver S. C., Lyons E. T., Nielsen M. K., and Bellaw J. L.

Subjects
strongylus spp. cyathostomes, parascaris equorum, strongyloides westeri, anoplocephala perfoliata. gasterophilus intestinalis, thelazia lacrymalis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The present research is a continuation of studies conducted periodically over 40 years on transmission of natural infections of internal parasites in the same horse herd on pasture (Field 10) on a farm in Central Kentucky. It included 12 mixed light horse foals born in 2013 and euthanatized between July, 2013 and April, 2014 for collection of internal parasites. Parasites found: Gasterophilus intestinalis, Strongyloides westeri, Parascaris equorum, Anoplocephala perfoliata, small strongyles (cyathostomes), Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus edentatus and Thelazia lacrymalis. Prevalence generally was related to age of the foals. Overall prevalence and number of specimens were lower than in earlier studies except for P. equorum. There were 15 species (much fewer than previously) of small strongyles found and recorded by location in the large intestines. All stages of small strongyles encysted in the mucosa of the large intestine were recovered by artificial digestion and in significantly lower numbers in older foals

Published
2015
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18. Rejecting the Label: A Social Constructionist Analysis

Author

Finlay, W. M. L. and Lyons, E.

Abstract

Research has shown that people often do not claim labels associated with mental retardation or learning difficulties. We discussed the interpretation that this rejection is an example of a denial process, the purpose of which is to protect self-esteem. Alternative explanations for this lack of identification were offered, based on an understanding of the socially constructed nature of diagnostic labels and on the distinction between diagnostic labels and social categories. Some of the problems in using the label as a descriptive or explanatory resource are illustrated using quotes from a study in which people who have been labeled discussed the label.

Published
2005
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19. Author Correction: A chickpea genetic variation map based on the sequencing of 3,366 genomes

Author

Varshney, R.K., Roorkiwal, M., Sun, S., Bajaj, P., Chitikineni, A., Thudi, M., Singh, N.P., Du, X., Upadhyaya, H.D., Khan, A.W., Wang, Y., Garg, V., Fan, G., Cowling, W.A., Crossa, J., Gentzbittel, L., Voss-Fels, K.P., Valluri, V.K., Sinha, P., Singh, V.K., Ben, C., Rathore, A., Punna, R., Singh, M.K., Tar’an, B., Bharadwaj, C., Yasin, M., Pithia, M.S., Singh, S., Soren, K.R., Kudapa, H., Jarquín, D., Cubry, P., Hickey, L.T., Dixit, G.P., Thuillet, A-C, Hamwieh, A., Kumar, S., Deokar, A.A., Chaturvedi, S.K., Francis, A., Howard, R., Chattopadhyay, D., Edwards, D., Lyons, E., Vigouroux, Y., Hayes, B.J., von Wettberg, E., Datta, S.K., Yang, H., Nguyen, H.T., Wang, J., Siddique, K.H.M., Mohapatra, T., Bennetzen, J.L., Xu, X., Liu, X., Varshney, R.K., Roorkiwal, M., Sun, S., Bajaj, P., Chitikineni, A., Thudi, M., Singh, N.P., Du, X., Upadhyaya, H.D., Khan, A.W., Wang, Y., Garg, V., Fan, G., Cowling, W.A., Crossa, J., Gentzbittel, L., Voss-Fels, K.P., Valluri, V.K., Sinha, P., Singh, V.K., Ben, C., Rathore, A., Punna, R., Singh, M.K., Tar’an, B., Bharadwaj, C., Yasin, M., Pithia, M.S., Singh, S., Soren, K.R., Kudapa, H., Jarquín, D., Cubry, P., Hickey, L.T., Dixit, G.P., Thuillet, A-C, Hamwieh, A., Kumar, S., Deokar, A.A., Chaturvedi, S.K., Francis, A., Howard, R., Chattopadhyay, D., Edwards, D., Lyons, E., Vigouroux, Y., Hayes, B.J., von Wettberg, E., Datta, S.K., Yang, H., Nguyen, H.T., Wang, J., Siddique, K.H.M., Mohapatra, T., Bennetzen, J.L., Xu, X., and Liu, X.

Abstract

In Extended Data Fig. 1 of this Article, the labels ‘Market class’ and ‘Biological status’ were inadvertently swapped. In the corresponding figure legend, “Track 1: Biological status; Track 2: Market class;” should have been “Track 1: Market class; Track 2: Biological status;”. The original Article has been corrected online.

Published
2022

20. Cost‐effectiveness of emergency versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallbladder pathology

Author

Sutton, A. J., Vohra, R. S., Hollyman, M., Marriott, P. J., Buja, A., Alderson, D., Pasquali, S., Griffiths, E. A., Vohra, R. S., Spreadborough, P., Hollyman, M., Marriott, P. J., Kirkham, A., Pasquali, S., Alderson, D., Griffiths, E. A., Fenwick, S., Elmasry, M., Nunes, Q. M., Kennedy, D., Khan, R. B., Khan, M. A. S., Magee, C. J., Jones, S. M., Mason, D., Parappally, C. P., Mathur, P., Saunders, M., Jamel, S., Ul Haque, S., Zafar, S., Shiwani, M. H., Samuel, N., Dar, F., Jackson, A., Lovett, B., Dindyal, S., Winter, H., Fletcher, T., Rahman, S., Wheatley, K., Nieto, T., Ayaani, S., Youssef, H., Nijjar, R. S., Watkin, H., Naumann, D., Emesih, S., Sarmah, P. B., Lee, K., Joji, N., Heath, J., Teasdale, R. L., Weerasinghe, C., Needham, P. J., Welbourn, H., Forster, L., Finch, D., Blazeby, J. M., Robb, W., McNair, A. G. K., Hrycaiczuk, A., Charalabopoulos, A., Kadirkamanathan, S., Tang, C.‐B., Jayanthi, N. V. G., Noor, N., Dobbins, B., Cockbain, A. J., Nilsen‐Nunn, A., de Siqueira, J., Pellen, M., Cowley, J. B., Ho, W.‐M., Miu, V., White, T. J., Hodgkins, K. A., Kinghorn, A., Tutton, M. G., Al‐Abed, Y. A., Menzies, D., Ahmad, A., Reed, J., Khan, S., Monk, D., Vitone, L. J., Murtaza, G., Joel, A., Brennan, S., Shier, D., Zhang, C., Yoganathan, T., Robinson, S. J., McCallum, I. J. D., Jones, M. J., Elsayed, M., Tuck, E., Wayman, J., Carney, K., Aroori, S., Hosie, K. B., Kimble, A., Bunting, D.M., Fawole, A. S., Basheer, M., Dave, R. V., Sarveswaran, J., Jones, E., Kendal, C., Tilston, M. P., Gough, M., Wallace, T., Singh, S., Downing, J., Mockford, K. A., Issa, E., Shah, N., Chauhan, N., Wilson, T. R., Forouzanfar, A., Wild, J. R. L., Nofal, E., Bunnell, C., Madbak, K., Rao, S. T. V., Devoto, L., Siddiqi, N., Khawaja, Z., Hewes, J. C., Gould, L., Chambers, A., Rodriguez, D. U., Sen, G., Robinson, S., Carney, K., Bartlett, F., Rae, D. M., Stevenson, T. E. J., Sarvananthan, K., Dwerryhouse, S. J., Higgs, S. M., Old, O. J., Hardy, T. J., Shah, R., Hornby, S. T., Keogh, K., Frank, L., Al‐Akash, M., Upchurch, E. A., Frame, R. J., Hughes, M., Jelley, C., Weaver, S., Roy, S., Sillo, T. O., Galanopoulos, G., Cuming, T., Cunha, P., Tayeh, S., Kaptanis, S., Heshaishi, M., Eisawi, A., Abayomi, M., Ngu, W. S., Fleming, K., Bajwa, D. S., Chitre, V., Aryal, K., Ferris, P., Silva, M., Lammy, S., Mohamed, S., Khawaja, A., Hussain, A., Ghazanfar, M. A., Bellini, M. I., Ebdewi, H., Elshaer, M., Gravante, G., Drake, B., Ogedegbe, A., Mukherjee, D., Arhi, C., Iqbal, L. G. N., Watson, N. F., Aggarwal, S. K., Orchard, P., Villatoro, E., Willson, P. D., Mok, J., Woodman, T., Deguara, J., Garcea, G., Babu, B. I., Dennison, A. R., Malde, D., Lloyd, D., Satheesan, S., Al‐Taan, O., Boddy, A., Slavin, J. P., Jones, R. P., Ballance, L., Gerakopoulos, S., Jambulingam, P., Mansour, S., Sakai, N., Acharya, V., Sadat, M. M., Karim, L., Larkin, D., Amin, K., Khan, A., Law, J., Jamdar, S., Smith, S. R., Sampat, K., Oʼshea, K. M., Manu, M., Asprou, F. M., Malik, N. S., Chang, J., Johnstone, M., Lewis, M., Roberts, G. P., Karavadra, B., Photi, E., Hewes, J., Gould, L., Chambers, A., Rodriguez, D., OʼReilly, D. A., Rate, A. J., Sekhar, H., Henderson, L. T., Starmer, B. Z., Coe, P. O., Tolofari, S., Barrie, J., Bashir, G., Sloane, J., Madanipour, S., Halkias, C., Trevatt, A. E. J., Borowski, D. W., Hornsby, J., Courtney, M. J., Virupaksha, S., Seymour, K., Robinson, S., Hawkins, H., Bawa, S., Gallagher, P. V., Reid, A., Wood, P., Finch, J. G., Parmar, J., Stirland, E., Gardner‐Thorpe, J., Al‐Muhktar, A., Peterson, M., Majeed, A., Bajwa, F. M., Martin, J., Choy, A., Tsang, A., Pore, N., Andrew, D. R., Al‐Khyatt, W., Taylor, C., Bhandari, S., Chambers, A., Subramanium, D., Toh, S. K. C., Carter, N. C., Tate, S., Pearce, B., Wainwright, D., Mercer, S. J., Knight, B., Vijay, V., Alagaratnam, S., Sinha, S., Khan, S., El‐Hasani, S. S., Hussain, A. A., Bhattacharya, V., Kansal, N., Fasih, T., Jackson, C., Siddiqui, M. N., Chishti, I. A., Fordham, I. J., Siddiqui, Z., Bausbacher, H., Geogloma, I., Gurung, K., Tsavellas, G., Basynat, P., Shrestha, A. K., Basu, S., Mohan, A. C., Harilingam, M., Rabie, M., Akhtar, M., Kumar, P., Jafferbhoy, S. F., Hussain, N., Raza, S., Haque, M., Alam, I., Aseem, R., Patel, S., Asad, M., Booth, M. I., Ball, W. R., Wood, C. P. J., Pinho‐Gomes, A. C., Kausar, A., Obeidallah, M. R., Varghase, J., Lodhia, J., Bradley, D., Rengifo, C., Lindsay, D., Gopalswamy, S., Finlay, I., Wardle, S., Bullen, N., Iftikhar, S. Y., Awan, A., Ahmed, J., Leeder, P., Fusai, G., Bond‐Smith, G., Psica, A., Puri, Y., Hou, D., Noble, F., Szentpali, K., Broadhurst, J., Date, R., Hossack, M. R., Goh, Y. L., Turner, P., Shetty, V., Riera, M., Macano, C. A.W., Sukha, A., Preston, S. R., Hoban, J. R., Puntis, D. J., Williams, S. V., Krysztopik, R., Kynaston, J., Batt, J., Doe, M., Goscimski, A., Jones, G. H., Smith, S. R., Hall, C., Carty, N., Ahmed, J., Panteleimonitis, S., Gunasekera, R. T., Sheel, A. R. G., Lennon, H., Hindley, C., Reddy, M., Kenny, R., Elkheir, N., McGlone, E. R., Rajaganeshan, R., Hancorn, K., Hargreaves, A., Prasad, R., Longbotham, D. A., Vijayanand, D., Wijetunga, I., Ziprin, P., Nicolay, C. R., Yeldham, G., Read, E., Gossage, J. A., Rolph, R. C., Ebied, H., Phull, M., Khan, M. A., Popplewell, M., Kyriakidis, D., Hussain, A., Henley, N., Packer, J. R., Derbyshire, L., Porter, J., Appleton, S., Farouk, M., Basra, M., Jennings, N. A., Ali, S., Kanakala, V., Ali, H., Lane, R., Dickson‐Lowe, R., Zarsadias, P., Mirza, D., Puig, S., Al Amari, K., Vijayan, D., Sutcliffe, R., Marudanayagam, R., Hamady, Z., Prasad, A. R., Patel, A., Durkin, D., Kaur, P., Bowen, L., Byrne, J. P., Pearson, K. L., Delisle, T. G., Davies, J., Tomlinson, M. A., Johnpulle, M. A., Slawinski, C., Macdonald, A., Nicholson, J., Newton, K., Mbuvi, J., Farooq, A., Mothe, B. S., Zafrani, Z., Brett, D., Francombe, J., Spreadborough, P., Barnes, J., Cheung, M., Al‐Bahrani, A. Z., Preziosi, G., Urbonas, T., Alberts, J., Mallik, M., Patel, K., Segaran, A., Doulias, T., Sufi, P. A., Yao, C., Pollock, S., Manzelli, A., Wajed, S., Kourkulos, M., Pezzuto, R., Wadley, M., Hamilton, E., Jaunoo, S., Padwick, R., Sayegh, M., Newton, R. C., Hebbar, M., Farag, S. F., Spearman, J., Hamdan, M. F., DʼCosta, C., Blane, C., Giles, M., Peter, M. B., Hirst, N. A., Hossain, T., Pannu, A., El‐Dhuwaib, Y., Morrison, T. E. M., Taylor, G. W., Thompson, R. L. E., McCune, K., Loughlin, P., Lawther, R., Byrnes, C. K., Simpson, D. J., Mawhinney, A., Warren, C., McKay, D., McIlmunn, C., Martin, S., MacArtney, M., Diamond, T., Davey, P., Jones, C., Clements, J.M., Digney, R., Chan, W. M., McCain, S., Gull, S., Janeczko, A., Dorrian, E., Harris, A., Dawson, S., Johnston, D., McAree, B., Ghareeb, E., Thomas, G., Connelly, M., McKenzie, S., Cieplucha, K., Spence, G., Campbell, W., Hooks, G., Bradley, N., Hill, A. D. K., Cassidy, J. T., Boland, M., Burke, P., Nally, D. M., Hill, A. D. K., Khogali, E., Shabo, W., Iskandar, E., McEntee, G. P., OʼNeill, M. A., Peirce, C., Lyons, E. M., OʼSullivan, A. W., Thakkar, R., Carroll, P., Ivanovski, I., Balfe, P., Lee, M., Winter, D. C., Kelly, M. E., Hoti, E., Maguire, D., Karunakaran, P., Geoghegan, J. G., McDermott, F., Martin, S. T., Cross, K. S., Cooke, F., Zeeshan, S., Murphy, J. O., Mealy, K., Mohan, H. M., Nedujchelyn, Y., Ullah, M. F., Ahmed, I., Giovinazzo, F., Milburn, J., Prince, S., Brooke, E., Buchan, J., Khalil, A. M., Vaughan, E. M., Ramage, M. I., Aldridge, R. C., Gibson, S., Nicholson, G. A., Vass, D. G., Grant, A. J., Holroyd, D. J., Jones, M. A., Sutton, C. M. L. R., OʼDwyer, P., Nilsson, F., Weber, B., Williamson, T. K., Lalla, K., Bryant, A., Carter, C. R., Forrest, C. R., Hunter, D. I., Nassar, A. H., Orizu, M. N., Knight, K., Qandeel, H., Suttie, S., Belding, R., McClarey, A., Boyd, A. T., Guthrie, G. J. K., Lim, P. J., Luhmann, A., Watson, A. J. M., Richards, C. H., Nicol, L., Madurska, M., Harrison, E., Boyce, K. M., Roebuck, A., Ferguson, G., Pati, P., Wilson, M. S. J., Dalgaty, F., Fothergill, L., Driscoll, P. J., Mozolowski, K. L., Banwell, V., Bennett, S. P., Rogers, P. N., Skelly, B. L., Rutherford, C. L., Mirza, A. K., Lazim, T., Lim, H. C. C., Duke, D., Ahmed, T., Beasley, W. D., Wilkinson, M. D., Maharaj, G., Malcolm, C., Brown, T. H., Shingler, G. M., Mowbray, N., Radwan, R., Morcous, P., Wood, S., Kadhim, A., Stewart, D. J., Baker, A. L., Tanner, N., Shenoy, H., Hafiz, S., De Marchi, J. A., Singh‐Ranger, D., Hisham, E., Ainley, P., OʼNeill, S., Terrace, J., Napetti, S., Hopwood, B., Rhys, T., Downing, J., Kanavati, O., Coats, M., Aleksandrov, D., Kallaway, C., Yahya, S., Weber, B., Templeton, A., Trotter, M., Lo, C., Dhillon, A., Heywood, N., Aawsaj, Y., Hamdan, A., Reece‐Bolton, O., McGuigan, A., Shahin, Y., Ali, A., Luther, A., Nicholson, J. A., Rajendran, I., Boal, M., and Ritchie, J.

Published
2017
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23. Predicting the difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: development and validation of a pre-operative risk score using an objective operative difficulty grading system

Author

Nassar, A. H. M., Hodson, J., H. J., Ng, Vohra, R. S., Katbeh, T., Zino, S., Griffiths, E. A., Kirkham, A. J., Pasquali, S., Marriott, P., Johnstone, M., Spreadborough, P., Alderson, D., Fenwick, S., Elmasry, M., Nunes, Q. M., Kennedy, D., Khan, R. B., Khan, M. A. S., Magee, C. J., Jones, S. M., Mason, D., Parappally, C. P., Mathur, P., Saunders, M., Jamel, S., Haque, S. U., Zafar, S., Shiwani, M. H., Samuel, N., Dar, F., Jackson, A., Lovett, B., Dindyal, S., Winter, H., Fletcher, T., Rahman, S., Wheatley, K., Nieto, T., Ayaani, S., Youssef, H., Nijjar, R. S., Watkin, H., Naumann, D., Emesih, S., Sarmah, P. B., Lee, K., Joji, N., Lambert, J., Heath, J., Teasdale, R. L., Weerasinghe, C., Needham, P. J., Welbourn, H., Forster, L., Finch, D., Blazeby, J. M., Robb, W., Mcnair, A. G. K., Hrycaiczuk, A., Charalabopoulos, A., Kadirkamanathan, S., Tang, C. -B., Jayanthi, N. V. G., Noor, N., Dobbins, B., Cockbain, A. J., Nilsen-Nunn, A., de Siqueira, J., Pellen, M., Cowley, J. B., W. -M., Ho, Miu, V., White, T. J., Hodgkins, K. A., Kinghorn, A., Tutton, M. G., Al-Abed, Y. A., Menzies, D., Ahmad, A., Reed, J., Khan, S., Monk, D., Vitone, L. J., Murtaza, G., Joel, A., Brennan, S., Shier, D., Zhang, C., Yoganathan, T., Robinson, S. J., Mccallum, I. J. D., Jones, M. J., Elsayed, M., Tuck, L., Wayman, J., Carney, K., Aroori, S., Hosie, K. B., Kimble, A., Bunting, D. M., Fawole, A. S., Basheer, M., Dave, R. V., Sarveswaran, J., Jones, E., Kendal, C., Tilston, M. P., Gough, M., Wallace, T., Singh, S., Mockford, J. D. K. A., Issa, E., Shah, N., Chauhan, N., Wilson, T. R., Forouzanfar, A., Wild, J. R. L., Nofal, E., Bunnell, C., Madbak, K., Rao, S. T. V., Devoto, L., Siddiqi, N., Khawaja, Z., Hewes, J. C., Gould, L., Chambers, A., Rodriguez, D. U., Sen, G., Robinson, S., Bartlett, F., Rae, D. M., Stevenson, T. E. J., Sarvananthan, K., Dwerryhouse, S. J., Higgs, S. M., Old, O. J., Hardy, T. J., Shah, R., Hornby, S. T., Keogh, K., Frank, L., Al-Akash, M., Upchurch, E. A., Frame, R. J., Hughes, M., Jelley, C., Weaver, S., Roy, S., Sillo, T. O., Galanopoulos, G., Cuming, T., Cunha, P., Tayeh, S., Kaptanis, S., Heshaishi, M., Eisawi, A., Abayomi, M., Ngu, W. S., Fleming, K., Bajwa, D. S., Chitre, V., Aryal, K., Ferris, P., Silva, M., Lammy, S., Mohamed, S., Khawaja, A., Hussain, A., Ghazanfar, M. A., Bellini, M. I., Ebdewi, H., Elshaer, M., Gravante, G., Drake, B., Ogedegbe, A., Mukherjee, D., Arhi, C., Giwa, L., Iqbal, N., Watson, N. F., Aggarwal, S. K., Orchard, P., Villatoro, E., Willson, P. D., Mok, K. W. J., Woodman, T., Deguara, J., Garcea, G., Babu, B. I., Dennison, A. R., Malde, D., Lloyd, D., Satheesan, S., Al-Taan, O., Boddy, A., Slavin, J. P., Jones, R. P., Ballance, L., Gerakopoulos, S., Jambulingam, P., Mansour, S., Sakai, N., Acharya, V., Sadat, M. M., Karim, L., Larkin, D., Amin, K., Khan, A., Law, J., Jamdar, S., Smith, S. R., Sampat, K., O'Shea, K. M., Manu, M., Asprou, F. M., Malik, N. S., Chang, J., Lewis, M., Roberts, G. 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Subjects
Adult, Male, operative difficulty, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Difficulty grading, difficult cholecystectomy, predictive score, surgery, laparoscopic, cholecystectomy, Surgical planning, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Preoperative Care, Humans, Medicine, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, General surgery, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Pre operative, Single surgeon, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, ROC Curve, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Multivariate Analysis, Cholecystitis, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Cholecystectomy, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

The prediction of a difficult cholecystectomy has traditionally been based on certain pre-operative clinical and imaging factors. Most of the previous literature reported small patient cohorts and have not used an objective measure of operative difficulty. The aim of this study was to develop a pre-operative score to predict difficult cholecystectomy, as defined by a validated intra-operative difficulty grading scale. Two cohorts from prospectively maintained databases of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analysed: the CholeS Study (8755 patients) and a single surgeon series (4089 patients). Factors potentially predictive of difficulty were correlated to the Nassar intra-operative difficulty scale. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was then used to identify factors that were independently associated with difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy, defined as operative difficulty grades 3 to 5. The resulting model was then converted to a risk score, and validated on both internal and external datasets. Increasing age and ASA classification, male gender, diagnosis of CBD stone or cholecystitis, thick-walled gallbladders, CBD dilation, use of pre-operative ERCP and non-elective operations were found to be significant independent predictors of difficult cases. A risk score based on these factors returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.789 (95% CI 0.773–0.806, p

Published
2019
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43. A chickpea genetic variation map based on the sequencing of 3,366 genomes

Author

Varshney, R.K., Roorkiwal, M., Sun, S., Bajaj, P., Chitikineni, A., Thudi, M., Singh, N.P., Du, X., Upadhyaya, H.D., Khan, A.W., Wang, Y., Garg, V., Fan, G., Cowling, W.A., Crossa, J., Gentzbittel, L., Voss-Fels, K.P., Valluri, V.K., Sinha, P., Singh, V.K., Ben, C., Rathore, A., Punna, R., Singh, M.K., Tar’an, B., Bharadwaj, C., Yasin, M., Pithia, M.S., Singh, S., Soren, K.R., Kudapa, H., Jarquin, D., Cubry, P., Hickey, L.T., Dixit, G.P., Thuillet, A-C, Hamwieh, A., Kumar, S., Deokar, A.A., Chaturvedi, S.K., Francis, A., Howard, R., Chattopadhyay, D., Edwards, D., Lyons, E., Vigouroux, Y., Hayes, B.J., von Wettberg, E., Datta, S.K., Yang, H., Nguyen, H.T., Wang, J., Siddique, K.H.M., Mohapatra, T., Bennetzen, J.L., Xu, X., Liu, X., Varshney, R.K., Roorkiwal, M., Sun, S., Bajaj, P., Chitikineni, A., Thudi, M., Singh, N.P., Du, X., Upadhyaya, H.D., Khan, A.W., Wang, Y., Garg, V., Fan, G., Cowling, W.A., Crossa, J., Gentzbittel, L., Voss-Fels, K.P., Valluri, V.K., Sinha, P., Singh, V.K., Ben, C., Rathore, A., Punna, R., Singh, M.K., Tar’an, B., Bharadwaj, C., Yasin, M., Pithia, M.S., Singh, S., Soren, K.R., Kudapa, H., Jarquin, D., Cubry, P., Hickey, L.T., Dixit, G.P., Thuillet, A-C, Hamwieh, A., Kumar, S., Deokar, A.A., Chaturvedi, S.K., Francis, A., Howard, R., Chattopadhyay, D., Edwards, D., Lyons, E., Vigouroux, Y., Hayes, B.J., von Wettberg, E., Datta, S.K., Yang, H., Nguyen, H.T., Wang, J., Siddique, K.H.M., Mohapatra, T., Bennetzen, J.L., Xu, X., and Liu, X.

Abstract

Zero hunger and good health could be realized by 2030 through effective conservation, characterization and utilization of germplasm resources1. So far, few chickpea (Cicer arietinum) germplasm accessions have been characterized at the genome sequence level2. Here we present a detailed map of variation in 3,171 cultivated and 195 wild accessions to provide publicly available resources for chickpea genomics research and breeding. We constructed a chickpea pan-genome to describe genomic diversity across cultivated chickpea and its wild progenitor accessions. A divergence tree using genes present in around 80% of individuals in one species allowed us to estimate the divergence of Cicer over the last 21 million years. Our analysis found chromosomal segments and genes that show signatures of selection during domestication, migration and improvement. The chromosomal locations of deleterious mutations responsible for limited genetic diversity and decreased fitness were identified in elite germplasm. We identified superior haplotypes for improvement-related traits in landraces that can be introgressed into elite breeding lines through haplotype-based breeding, and found targets for purging deleterious alleles through genomics-assisted breeding and/or gene editing. Finally, we propose three crop breeding strategies based on genomic prediction to enhance crop productivity for 16 traits while avoiding the erosion of genetic diversity through optimal contribution selection (OCS)-based pre-breeding. The predicted performance for 100-seed weight, an important yield-related trait, increased by up to 23% and 12% with OCS- and haplotype-based genomic approaches, respectively.

Published
2021

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