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Money launderers and corrupt entities refine methods to evade detection, making artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) essential for countering these threats. AI automates identity verification using diverse data sources, including government databases and social media, analysing client data more effectively than traditional methods. This study uses bibliometric analysis to examine AI and ML in antimoney laundering and anti-corruption efforts. A sample of 746 documents from 477 sources from Scopus shows a 14.33% annual growth rate and an average document age of 3.51 years, highlighting the field's actuality and rapid development. The research indicates significant international collaboration in documents. The main clusters of keywords relate to the implementation of AI and ML in (1) avoiding fraud and cybersecurity, (2) AML compliance, (3) promotion of transparency in combating corruption, etc. Addressing ethical concerns, privacy, and bias is crucial for the fair and effective use of AI and ML in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of cryptocurrencies as a form of digital payments has contributed to the emergence of numerous opportunities for the implementation of effective and efficient financial transactions, however, new fraud and money laundering schemes have emerged, as the anonymity and decentralization inherent in cryptocurrencies complicate the process of monitoring transactions and control by governments and law enforcement agencies. This study aims to develop a mechanism for analyzing transactions in the Ethereum cryptocurrency using a Bayesian classifier to identify potentially suspicious transactions that may be related to terrorist financing and money laundering. The Bayesian approach makes it possible to consider the probabilistic characteristics of transactions and their interrelationships to increase the accuracy of detecting anomalous and potentially illegal transactions. For the analysis, data on transactions of the Ethereum currency from June 2020 to December 2022 were taken. The developed mechanism involves determining a set of characteristics of transaction graph nodes that identify the potential for their use in illegal financial transactions and forming intervals of their permissible values. The article presents cryptocurrency transactions as an oriented graph, with the nodes being the entities conducting transactions and the arcs being the transactions between the nodes. In assessing the risks of using cryptocurrencies in money laundering, the number/amount of transactions to and from the respective node, the balance of these transactions (absolute value), and the type of node were considered. The analysis showed that among the 100 largest nodes in the network, 11 were identified as having a «critical» risk level, and the most closely connected nodes were identified. This methodology can be used not only to analyze the Ethereum cryptocurrency but also for other cryptocurrencies and similar networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have expressed the wish to retract this article on the grounds that the list of references is incorrect. The Publisher and Editor(s) approved to the retraction.

The authors have expressed the wish to retract this article on the grounds that the list of references is incorrect. The Publisher and Editor(s) approved to the retraction.

Research background: Deteriorating economic conditions and the risk of an impending crisis underline the need for significant profit optimization, especially in the area of taxation. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to analyse and evaluate the conditions for the creation of a tax shield in the V4 countries on a theoretical level and to confront these findings with the value of the total tax shield in the countries in question. Methods: This study uses the method of two-way analysis of variance with interaction, while also testing the assumptions of the model by normality tests, homogeneity test and post hoc tests (Scheffé and Tukey methods). Findings & Value added: A review of the sources of the tax shield shows that the tax systems in all the countries examined offer similar conditions for the application of tax shields. In a sample of more than 90000 companies, it was found that the level of the total tax shield given as the effective tax rate is similar in all countries examined (except Hungary). The branch of affiliation plays a role only in the environment of Hungarian companies, on the contrary, Slovak companies show homogeneity of the reported effective tax rate. Country and industry affiliation does not have sufficient explanatory power to predict the total tax shield. Conversely, other indicators of financial performance (operating profit) may be suitable indicators of the effective tax rate.

This article deals with the development of the university activities model to ensure the quality of education and technology transfer (SDG 4) and to create a successful background in achieving SDG 7. We conduct an analysis of the literature on the achievement of SDGs through governmental instruments of influence, as well as the creation of effective university model ensuring the education quality and technology transfer. In addition, we demonstrate the role of the government in financing higher education in Ukraine. We also present the evaluation of the popularity of educational programs related to energy efficiency and a “clean” environment in Ukrainian universities after the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The indicators of the use of various energy types by Ukraine are assessed, and a comparative analysis of these indicators with the data for EU-28 is performed. Based on the data presented, conclusions are drawn about the need to improve the quality of university training and to activate the university technology transfer. Successful practical approaches that can be of use for different higher education institutions are outlined. A combined model of quality assurance and technology transfer at the university is presented. An algorithm for testing the model and assessing the technological level of readiness for implementation is developed. The presented chain “combined model – model testing algorithm – determination of the technological level of readiness” is also assessed from the point of view of socio-economic impact on the main stakeholders. The use of the combined model lays background for the university’s own sustainable development as a tool for achieving SDGs.

The article considers the impact of environmental changes on population migration and security of countries. Theoretical aspects of Environmental migration, in particular its essence and types, are studied. The main directions of scientific research in this field are considered. In particular, much attention is about finding ways to adapt to changes in the environment and minimize the negative consequences of these changes to achieve sustainable development in both regions and countries. The study found that internal population movements are mainly due to climatic factors such as storms and floods. It was determined that in 2019, about 52% of new mixing was caused by storms and 40% - by floods. Countries for which the phenomenon of ecological migration is most characteristic are India, the Philippines, the United States, China, and Indonesia. The main problems that arise in the study of Environmental mobility of the population are identifiedThey are mainly related to the lack of information and statistical base for conducting qualitative and diverse research.

The increasing competitiveness at the global market and reinforcing the ecological issues contribute the reorientation from the traditional to the sustainable business model. In this case, the business should develop the green brand of the company, which required the implementation of environmental management. The hypothesis of the paper is checking the linking between environmental management and green brand at the company. The results of bibliometrics analysis on the selected theme confirmed the increasing numbers of papers which focused on analysing the relationships between the efficiency of environmental management and green brand at the company. In the paper, the authors used the VosViewer with the purpose to visualise the main scientific patterns on the selected theme. At the second stage, the authors identified the relationships between green brand and environmental management at the company using the ANOVA model. The data for analysis was obtained from the questionaries among companies management (which promote as green companies) and companies' financial statements. The two indicators described the green brand: loyalty to the green brand (frequency of searching company's brand in Google); net profit. The findings proved that companies with effective environmental management had a higher net profit and loyalty to the green brand.

The paper is devoted to the investigation of environmental, energy and economic security by multivariate analysis methods. A set of indicators selected for research conducting includes 9 parameters for each security type. Study sample is formed by data for 6 Eastern European countries (Ukraine, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Hungary and Slovak Republic) for the period 2000–2019. Empirical study was conducted by factor analysis, which allowed identifying the main components of environmental, energy and economic security. Comparison of the results obtained for the studied countries showed differentiation of individual profiles of such types of security. Investigation of integral vectors of environmental, energy and economic security showed the highest level of interaction between energy and environmental security and the lowest one between energy and economic security.

This study aims to analyze the behaviour of IT users regarding their personal protection against potential cybercrimes. The research data set is based on surveys conducted by the European Commission in 2020-2021 for 35 European countries. Canonical analysis revealed that 66.67% of cybercrime cases (Phishing, Pharming, Online identity theft, etc.) determine individuals' choice of personal protection method (using a security token, social media logins, electronic identification, etc.). Kohonen's selforganizing maps were used to form 9 clusters of countries depending on the attitude of IT users to personal cybersecurity. The map results showed that individuals behave less responsibly using a security token, electronic identification certificate or card, pin code list or random characters of a password, and other electronic identification procedures. Users from Denmark, the Netherlands, Iceland, Norway, the UK, Austria, and Finland were the most responsible Europeans in terms of personal protection, while people from Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Albania, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina were the least conscientious about protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the results of bibliometric analysis of publications that are thematically related to migration, environment, and safety. Vosviewer software helped to analyze the co-use of keywords in these publications, and the authors' affiliation to specific countries was performing. The works for the period 1965-2019, indexed by the scientometric database Scopus, were taken for analysis. With the help of Scopus analytical resources, and analysis of the dynamics of publication activity on the research issue was performing. The study found that scientists made the most significant number of publications related to migration, environment, and safety from the United States and the United Kingdom. The analysis by keywords showed that the concepts of migration, environment, and safety often intersect, which indicates the possibility and necessity of their joint research to identify key factors influencing these phenomena.

The global reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is one of the critical priorities for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and the Paris Agreement 2015. Therefore, it stimulates and increases the ability of countries to implement green imperatives in policies to force the anthropogenic environment, reduce use of fossil fuels, and simultaneously develop alternative energy. Thus, it is crucial to understand the impact of renewable energy development on the dynamic of CO2 pollution. Countries can increase or decrease the development of renewable energy depending on the effectiveness of its impact on the level of CO2 pollution. This paper aims to analyze the influence of the growth dynamics of renewable energy production in countries on CO2 emissions. The article uses Ward's method to test the research hypothesis. Empirical results allowed us to conclude the interdependence of renewable energy production and CO2 emissions. The results indicate a strong relationship between the level of renewable energy production and carbon emissions in countries. For the global development of renewable energy technologies, governments must understand their impact on changing the scale of environmental pollution and expand the awareness of state leadership, the business sector, and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accomplishment of sustainable development goals has become a global initiative to encourage renewable energy, reduce wasteful energy consumption and increase investment in energy efficiency projects. The number of publications devoted to sustainable development, environmental protection and green investments is growing exponentially. Firstly, this study is committed to provide a comprehensive overview of research literature on enterprise development in decades‐long, focusing on the sustainable development and business environment field. Secondly, it seeks to elaborate the most comprehensive structural model examining the multilateral and facilitative role of internal and external business environment changes in the relationship between sustainable development and enterprise development. A bibliometric analysis via VOSviewer was applied to detect and visualize the research trends and display the research status of enterprise development under the changes in the business environment and sustainable development. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed to develop, implement and verify a conceptual structural model examining the multilateral and facilitative role of internal and external business environment changes in the relationship between sustainable development and enterprise development. Mapping bibliographic data based on co‐citation, co‐occurrence, bibliographic coupling, and network and content analysis showed that generally, researchers had made significant efforts to investigate different links that arise between enterprises development, sustainable development, and business environment separately in different combinations. Structural equation modeling showed that the argument that sustainable development directly causes enterprise development is disputable since sustainable development focuses on changes in the internal and external business environment that eventually influence enterprise development, which in turn leads to a further new shift in the external environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on measuring the fluctuations in countries' development as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The obtained measures make it possible to predict the extent of the impact of risks to public health on the economy, financial-budgetary, political-institutional development of states in the future, as well as the social determinants of public health. This assessment represents a new paradigm that makes it possible to effectively evaluate the manifestations of the consequences of COVID-19 and to identify the relevant determinants of the lack of resilience of the medical and social security systems to the coronavirus pandemic around the world. We picked the determinant of national development indicators of the 59 countries in order to measure the fluctuations in their economic development. In addition, we applied the binary response model for identifying the economic, financial-budgetary, and political-institutional development change with the happiness index of the countries being the dependent variable. The analysis of our empirical model made it possible for us to conclude that economic and financial-budgetary components have significantly increased the influence on well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, we observed the decrease in the impact of political and institutional indicators during the same period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigated the coronavirus pandemic as a health and safety risk factor for sustainable state development. The main purpose is to determine the cause-and-effect relationships between the key spheres of society life: economic, financial–budgetary, political-–institutional. The authors hypothesize that these spheres influence each other and that this influence becomes more obvious and important to consider during significant shifts such as health threats and transformations in the public health system. As part of the calculations, the methodology of canonical regression analysis was used, which made it possible to evaluate the influence of a set of indicators using the construction of a correlation matrix. Aggregation of the complex of development indicators for each direction was carried out, and their mutual influence and degree of importance within each group of indicators was determined. The identified interdependencies are valuable for predicting the state of various industries in the future. It was concluded that there were no significant changes between the indicators of the analyzed components of a country's development in the pre-and post-pandemic period. This makes it possible to state with a high probability that forecasting in the long-term perspective of a country's development is possible based on the degree of interrelationships between the indicators of individual areas of development. Forecasting can also be based on the trends occurring in a specific related field to correct the upward or downward movement of a particular indicator, and to change the functioning of the complex system under the influence of threats to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]