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In recent years, online learning has been widely used than before. However, it depends on student's learning initiative and lacks of teacher-student interaction, which cannot bring desired learning performance. In our physiology teaching practice to "5 + 3" integration medical student, we tried to combine online and classroom learning to form the blended learning. This study assessed the effectiveness of the blended learning on students' learning initiative and performance in the physiology study. It included 180 full-time students from clinical medical specialty across two academic years. These students were divided into the experimental classes receiving blended learning and the control classes receiving traditional learning. We carried out three classroom tests and one questionnaire survey. It found that the students of blended learning who mastered most of the content were as twice as the students of traditional learning. The average accuracy of classroom tests was above 90% from the students of the blended learning, which was higher than the approximate rate of 80% of from the students of the traditional learning. Both the times of preparing lessons and answering questions in class increased in the blended learning practice. In addition, students of blended learning were relatively unaffected by playing with the mobile phones in the class. It found that students acquired more knowledge, performed better in the classroom tests and their learning initiative was excited in the blended learning. This study provides the effect assessment and contributes to improve the teaching effect of the blended learning.

Developing integrated cost-efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts with unique architecture comparable to noble metals is greatly desirable for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, a highly active NiO/NiCoP hybrid catalyst on nickel foam (NiO/NiCoP/NF) with a unique nanoclimbing-wall structure is constructed, which is believed to simultaneously improve electron transfer efficiency and catalytic activity. The resultant NiO/NiCoP/NF exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 M KOH, featuring low overpotentials of 92 and 216 mV at 10 mA cm−2. A two-electrode system based on NiO/NiCoP/NF‖NiO/NiCoP/NF requires as low as 1.56 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations and in situ Raman characterization reveal that the positive synergy between NiCoP and NiO endows NiO/NiCoP/NF with accelerated HER and OER kinetics. Moreover, a high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency ofs up to 12.40% is obtained by using NiO/NiCoP/NF as both the cathode and anode in a solar-driven water splitting system. This work provides a promising strategy for the construction of an innovative bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient overall water splitting and the establishment of a synergistic catalytic mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic conversion of CO2 into high value‐added chemical products driven by electricity was an effective strategy to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration. The development of high efficiency catalysts had always been the core for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. The single transition metal sites anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon showed great potential in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this paper, the atomically dispersed Ni−N sites are constructed on the two‐dimensional mesoporous carbon nanosheets by the secondary pyrolysis method. The rich mesoporous structure of the two‐dimensional nanosheets is beneficial to CO2 diffusion and adsorption during CO2RR, and the high nitrogen contents could increase the Ni single atom loadings. The nitrogen content and type could be controlled by regulating the ratio of nitrogen source to carbon source, and the catalyst activity is improved as the proportion of nitrogen sources increases. When the ratio of nitrogen source to carbon source is four, the oxidation state of Ni single atoms Ni@NMCN4 is between 0 and +2, and Ni single atoms exists as Ni−N4 structure with pyridinic N of 32.78 %, which exhibits the best electrochemical CO2RR activity. The active site of Ni@NMCN4 is confirmed as the highly stable Ni single atoms. Moreover, the pyridinic N species are proved to play an important role in enhancing the CO2 electroreduction performance. This work provides a new perspective to adjust the nitrogen content and type in transition metal monatomic‐N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts for CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the relationship between poly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and the occurrence, development, and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC), and investigate whether the PARG inhibitor PDD0017273 could increase the sensitivity of EC cells to cisplatin. Methods: The expression of PARG, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and p53 in normal endometrial tissues (NE), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AH), and EC was detected by immunohistochemistry. AN3CA EC cells with PTEN deficiency were treated with different cisplatin and PDD0017273, alone or in combination. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT method, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of PARG in EC cells after treatment with different drugs was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results: Expression of PARG in NE, EH, AH, and EC increased gradually. In addition, compared with low PARG expression in PTEN‐positive EC, patients who had high PARG expression in PTEN‐negative EC had more advanced clinical stages (r = −0.399, p = 0.032) and shorter overall survival time (p = 0.037). A dose of 40 μM PDD0017273 effectively inhibited PARG expression, increased the sensitivity of AN3CA cells to cisplatin. Conclusions: The findings suggest that PARG overexpression is a promising immunohistochemical marker to predict the occurrence and prognosis of EC. Moreover, PARG inhibition produced antitumor effects and increased the sensitivity of EC cells with PTEN deficiency to cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies reliability analysis of structures with multiple failure modes. The analysis consists of three parts. First, the memetic animal migration optimization algorithm, applied for multiple optimum points detection in a multimodal optimization problem, is used to search for the most probable points of the limit state functions of main failure modes. Next, the multi-point first-order reliability method is used to estimate the failure probability of structures with multiple failure modes. Last, the saddlepoint approximation based second-order reliability method is further extended to system reliability analysis, aiming to improve the accuracy of system reliability prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]