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Allelopathy is an underlying and controversial mechanism for detrimental environmental effects in the management of Eucalyptus plantations. However, little attention has been paid to the dynamics of allelochemicals and phytotoxicity in soil fauna during litter decomposition. To explore the relationship between the dynamics of phytotoxicity and allelochemicals, a decomposition experiment was conducted using 4-year-old and 8-year-old Eucalyptus grandis litter (0, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days). The acute toxicity of Eisenia fetida was assessed, and a chemical analysis of the eucalyptus leaves was performed. Biochemical markers, including total protein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and oxidative stress levels (SOD and MDA) were measured. A comet assay was used to determine DNA damage in E. fetida cells. The results showed that after 20–30 days of decomposition, E. grandis litter exhibited stronger phytotoxic effects on E. fetida in terms of growth and biochemical levels. After 20 days of decomposition, the weight and total protein content of E. fetida first decreased and then increased over time. SOD activity increased after 20 days but decreased after 30 days of decomposition before increasing again. MDA content increased after 20 days, then decreased or was stable. AChE activity was inhibited after 30 days of decomposition and then increased or stabilized with further decomposition. Soluble allelochemicals, such as betaine, chlorogenic acid, and isoquercitrin, significantly decreased or disappeared during the initial decomposition stage, but pipecolic acid significantly increased, along with newly emerging phenolic fractions that were present. More allelochemicals were released from 8-year-old litter than from 4-year-old E. grandis litter, resulting in consistently more severe phytotoxic responses and DNA damage in E. fetida. Scientific management measures, such as the appropriate removal of leaf litter in the early stages of decomposition, might help support greater biodiversity in E. grandis plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, carbon nitride was subjected to multiple innovative modifications. Firstly, a potassium-doped primary modification system was established, and then 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) was physically adsorbed onto the surface of carbon nitride, which altered the surface charge distributions to generate an accelerating electric field. Under light illumination, photogenerated electrons can be transferred from the carbon nitride surface to the whole BIT molecule via the S atom under the accelerating electric field, and the photogenerated holes are trapped by various defects, which leads to a significant improvement of the charge separation efficiency. Its hydrogen evolution efficiency is 21.35 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 24 times higher than that of g-C3N4. The physisorption system in this paper offers a new direction for the multiple modification of carbon nitride to improve the hydrogen evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by energy conversion and waste reuse, hybridized Ni-MOF derivative-CdS-DETA/g-C 3 N 5 , a type-II heterojunction photocatalyst, is synthesized by a hydrothermal method for simultaneous and highly efficient photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution in dye wastewater. Without the addition of cocatalysts and sacrificial agents, the optimal MOF-CD(2)/CN5 (i.e. Ni-MOF derivative-CdS-DETA (20 wt.%)/g-C 3 N 5 ) exhibit good bifunctional catalytic activity, with a H 2 evolution rate of 2974.4 µmol g -1  h -1 during the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), and a removal rate of 99.97% for RhB. In the process of H 2 -evolution-only, triethanolamine is used as a sacrificial agent, exhibiting a high H 2 evolution rate (19663.1 µmol g -1  h -1 ) in the absence of a cocatalyst, and outperforming most similar related materials (such as MOF/g-C 3 N 5 , MOF-CdS, CdS/g-C 3 N 5 ). With the help of type-II heterojunction, holes are scavenged for the oxidative degradation of RhB, and electrons are used in the decomposition of water for H 2 evolution during illumination. This work opens a new path for photocatalysts with dual functions of simultaneous efficient degradation and hydrogen evolution., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)