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International audience; The complexity of the engineering and design of road vehicles is radically increasing. This is in part because vehicles are no longer perceived just as modes of transportation. They represent, in the eyes of the consumer, a personal space where unprecedented levels of comfort and technological refinement should be met. Acoustics play a large role in the comfort of a vehicle cabin, and over the last few years, the simulation and testing of external aero-acoustics and NVH of vehicles has driven constant improvements in cabin acoustics. Aero-acoustic simulations have up until recently mostly focused on exterior wind noise, accounting at high speed for a large part of the interior cabin noise at higher frequencies. Improvements in electric technologies have led to the commercialization of fully electric vehicles. The issues with windnoise at high speed in these vehicles are even more noticeable, as all noises from the internal combustion engine and exhaust are absent. Furthermore, at idling and low speeds, previously overlooked sound sources caused by cabin amenities are becoming predominant. Fans and blowers used to improve the thermal comfort of the passenger are now polluting an otherwise near silent cabin. Consumers have identified the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning unit (HVAC) noise to be one of the main culprits. The problem is preponderant in electric vehicles, but also a cause for concern for ordinary ICE vehicles as significant progress is made to reduce other noises. The HVAC unit is responsible for the heating, cooling and defrosting of the cabin, and its design space is often constrained heavily by other essential components of the vehicle. Although rapid prototyping of parts for an HVAC, and therefore testing, can be applied in fairly early stages of development, it is challenging to understand the noise generation mechanisms for this complex internal flow device solely through time consuming testing. Simulation of HVAC units has been similarly demanding to implement, as these HVAC devices operate at very low flow velocities, and the acoustics they generate are difficult to capture accurately. In this paper, we will present simulation results for an HVAC unit from a BMW series vehicle using SIMULIA PowerFLOW, a Lattice Boltzmann based solver. Lattice Boltzmann based methods present low amounts of numerical dissipation, can deal with complex geometries, and are therefore the most suitable for this acoustic problem. We will demonstrate which noise source generation mechanisms are dominant within the HVAC system using the proprietary FIND (Flow Induced Noise Detection) Contributions post-processing method, and will present results from design iterations tackling these noise sources. Once we have established how sensitive the noise sources are to individual design changes, a full aero-acoustic optimization will be conducted. An optimum will be deduced from a response surface analysis and compared back to the original baseline to assess the effectiveness of the optimization.

Carcinoma epidermóide primário em cisto desmóide de ovário

Introduction La presence de patients porteurs de bacteries multiresistantes aux antibiotiques (BMR) ou hautement resistantes emergentes necessite la connaissance et l’harmonisation des precautions complementaires (PC). Elles sont a respecter par tous les soignants de facon a eviter les transmissions croisees en particulier lorsque le sejour du patient est prolonge. Nous rapportons l’experience d’une action de formation intitulee « Chambre des erreurs pour un patient en precautions complementaires », realisee dans un etablissement de reeducation fonctionnelle. L’objectif est d’ameliorer la prise en charge des patients porteurs de bacteries resistantes aux antibiotiques en sensibilisant les soignants a la notion de transmission croisee. Materiels et methodes Le principe de cette formation est de tester les capacites d’analyse des participants concernant les eventuels risques generes lors d’une prise en charge avec des PC de type contact. Elle s’appuie sur un scenario plausible et compatible avec les activites specifiques de la structure. Des erreurs sont positionnees dans la chambre d’un patient fictif ou des mannequins figurent les acteurs du soin. Cette pedagogie interactive se compose de trois temps distincts : la situation mise en scene est exposee pendant le temps d’accueil ; le temps suivant permet de rechercher les erreurs dans la chambre, de facon anonyme et individuelle ; enfin, le debriefing qui suit permet d’argumenter les bonnes pratiques. Resultats Quatre-vingt professionnels ont participe a cette formation (19 IDE, 11 reeducateurs, 27 ASD/AP, 3 medecins, 6 ASH, 1 brancardier). Treize erreurs ont ete mises en scene concernant le risque lie a l’environnement, le risque infectieux et professionnel, le defaut d’information. Les erreurs identifiees concernent principalement le port d’equipement individuel de protection et le stockage inopportun de materiel en chambre. L’absence de communication entre soignants n’est relevee que par un quart des professionnels. Conclusion L’application des PC reste souvent une difficulte pour les equipes soignantes, en raison de la necessaire adaptation des mesures d’hygiene au contexte clinique infectieux du patient. En SSR, compte tenu de la prise en charge pluridisciplinaire, il est essentiel d’instaurer une coordination accrue tout au long du parcours de soins. Ce type de formation, basee sur la simulation, peut contribuer a aiguiser l’esprit d’observation et d’analyse des professionnels de sante, leur permettant d’identifier les risques associes a chaque prise en charge. Les reponses ecrites des participants sont ensuite exploitees comme audit de connaissances et permettent de completer si besoin le plan d’actions de l’etablissement. C’est egalement pour une equipe l’opportunite de poursuivre, apres le temps de formation, la reflexion multicategorielle initiee afin de limiter la transmission croisee.

A 67-year-old woman investigated because of 'myelodysplastic syndrome' was found to have a 4-fold increase in G-6-PD activity in her erythrocytes. The enzyme was partially purified and characterized. On grounds of: (a) reduced electrophoretic mobility, (b) abnormal cathodic band(s) in isoelectrofocusing, (c) increased Michaelis constant for glucose 6-phosphate, (d) abnormal thermostability, and (e) abnormal interaction with the ligand NADPH, we conclude that this is a new structural variant which we designate G-6-PD Verona. G-6-PD Verona was the sole apparent source of G-6-PD activity in the patient's erythrocytes; by contrast, the patient's fibroblasts had only normal G-6-PH (type B). The patient's haematological course terminated into acute myeloid leukaemia. We believe G-6-PD Verona was the result of a somatic mutation in an X-chromosome which took place in a haemopoietic cell clone which subsequently underwent neoplastic transformation.

This paper deals with the ways in which young Israeli lesbians use their bodies in order to detach themselves from both straight women and the older generation of lesbians. They make use of bodily cultural codes borrowed from the mainstream youth culture, yet modified in articulation with the lesbian subculture. The manipulation of codes brings forward the complexity of their age/gender/sexual identity as dictated by the postmodern era. The study is based on in-depth interviews with lesbians who live in an urban environment. Results indicate that young lesbians use two complementary codes. On the one hand they apply bodily codes in accordance with youth culture. Simultaneously, they assign different meanings to items culturally associated with traditional heterosexual women's sexuality. They claim the older generation to neglect physical attractiveness, out of feminist ideology; they insist that nowadays a woman can be both sexy and lesbian. Thus, mingling with heterosexual youngsters is made possible whi...

Crack detection made by the observation of structural dynamic responses has been implemented for several years in non-destructive control using ultrasound transducers. More recently, detection methods have been proposed based upon the analysis of modal properties. As it has been shown that the modal frequencies are not very sensitive to the presence of a breathing crack, alternative detection techniques have been proposed. They are based upon the analysis of the dynamic non-linear effects of the crack. These effects essentially fall into two categories: the harmonic lobes of the main pure tone or modal excitations and the modulation lobes between these excitations. In order to test them, various simulation methods can be used. This paper presents the test of two simple one-dimensional finite element models and the comparison of their results with a two-dimensional finite element model for the representation of the stiffness loss of an open crack as well as the non-linear behaviour of a breathing crack. The configuration considered is a simply supported beam with a crack at its middle point. Two distinct damage rates are proposed as descriptors to characterize the presence of the crack in the beam: the harmonic damage rate and the modulation damage rate. It is found that the simple one-dimensional models can accurately determine the damage rates associated with the breathing crack, when compared to the results obtained with the two-dimensional model. It is also found that the proposed damage rates can be efficiently used as descriptors of the presence of a crack as their magnitude increases faster than the crack size and in a monotonic way.