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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common pathogen in a broad range of vertebrate hosts. To assess the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in farmed masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), 537 fecal samples from seven provinces in China were tested by nested PCR of the polymorphic internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Among of all the samples, 60.0% (325/531) were positive for E. bieneusi, with the highest prevalence in Hebei province (85.0%). Sequence analysis revealed the presence of nine E. bieneusi genotypes, including four known genotypes (SHR1, PL2, PL4, CHG19) and five novel genotypes (PL12 to PL16). Genotypes SHR1 and PL2 were the most common genotypes in seven provinces. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three genotypes (CHG19, PL4 and PL16) were distributed to Group 1, and six genotypes (SHR1, PL2, PL12, PL13, PL14 and PL15) formed a novel clade, which was named group 12. Findings highlight the need to conduct additional research to elucidate the epidemiology of E. bieneusi in farmed masked palm civet.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic pathogen that infects a variety of hosts including humans, livestock, wildlife, companion animals, and birds, as well as being abundant in the environment. Humans and nonhuman animals could be infected with E. bieneusi via consumption of food or water that contains zoonotic and host-adapted genotypes. In this study, 288 fecal specimens were collected from farmed minks, blue foxes, and raccoon dogs, in Xinjiang, China. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was examined by PCR amplification based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The overall infection rate of E. bieneusi was 4.9% (14/288), with mink samples showing the highest infection rate (5.6%, 12/214), followed by blue foxes (2.9%, 1/35), and then raccoon dogs (2.6%, 1/39). Six E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, including D (n = 5), PigEBITS7 (n = 4), EbpA (n = 2), CAM5 (n = 1), WildBoar3 (n = 1), and a novel genotype XJMI-1 (n = 1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all E. bieneusi genotypes belonged to group 1, which composed of over 300 genotypes and most of them have been identified in human and variety of animals, suggesting a risk of zoonotic transmission from farmed wildlife to humans., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Six genotypes were identified, including three zoonotic genotypes (D, EbpA ad PigEBIST7). • Farmed wildlife maybe a potential source of E. bieneusi infection for other animals and humans.

A total of 617 fecal specimens were collected on 18 Hotan Black chicken farms in Southern Xinjiang, China, and tested for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. by PCR of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The overall infection rate by Cryptosporidium spp. was 11.5% (71/617), and ten of the 18 farms were positive. The infection rate by Cryptosporidium spp. was 14.5% (48/331) in the 30-60 d group, higher than chickens in the30 d (12.0%, 15/125), 60-90 d (6.9%, 5/72), and90 d (3.4%, 3/89) groups. Cryptosporidium meleagridis (n = 38) and C. baileyi (n = 33) were confirmed by sequencing analysis. A total of 25 of the 38 C. meleagridis-positive specimens were subtyped successfully at the gp60 gene, including one known subtype (IIIbA23G1R1, n = 1) and two novel subtypes, named IIIbA25G1R1 (n = 20) and IIIbA31G1R1 (n = 4). The results showed that infection by Cryptosporidium spp. in Hotan Black Chickens was common in this area and the distribution of C. meleagridis subtypes had regional characteristics.La caractérisation génétique de Cryptosporidium spp. chez les poulets noirs du Hotan en Chine révèle deux nouveaux sous-types de Cryptosporidium meleagridis.Un total de 617 échantillons fécaux ont été prélevés dans 18 élevages de poulets noirs du Hotan dans le sud du Xinjiang, en Chine, et testés pour la présence de Cryptosporidium spp. par PCR du gène de la petite sous-unité de l’ARN ribosomique (ARNr SSU). Le taux d’infection global par Cryptosporidium spp. était de 11,5 % (71/617) et dix des 18 élevages étaient positifs. Le taux d’infection de Cryptosporidium spp. était de 14,5 % (48/331) dans le groupe 30–60 jours, supérieur à celui des poulets dans les groupes30 jours (12,0 %, 15/125), 60–90 jours (6,9 %, 5/72) et90 jours (3,4 %, 3/89). Cryptosporidium meleagridis (n = 38) et C. baileyi (n = 33) ont été confirmés par analyse de séquençage. Vingt-cinq des 38 spécimens positifs pour C. meleagridis ont été sous-typés avec succès au niveau du gène gp60, dont un sous-type connu (IIIbA23G1R1, n = 1) et deux nouveaux sous-types, nommés IIIbA25G1R1 (n = 20) et IIIbA31G1R1 (n = 4). Les résultats ont montré que l’infection par Cryptosporidium spp. chez les poulets noirs du Hotan était commune dans cette zone et que la distribution des sous-types de C. meleagridis avait des caractéristiques régionales.

Blastocystis sp. is a gastrointestinal pathogen that is frequently found in humans and animals worldwide. In this study, 201 fecal samples were collected from captive Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) at three farms in Gansu province. Blastocystis was detected and subtyped by amplifying and sequencing the small subunit ribosomal DNA gene. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis was 39.8% (80/201). Five known Blastocystis subtypes (STs), including ST1 (n = 1), ST4 (n = 12), ST10 (n = 50), ST14 (n = 6), and ST24 (n = 11) were identified using subtyping and evolutionary analysis. ST10 was the most common ST observed in each farm. This study showed the infection status and genetic characteristics of Blastocystis in M. chrysogaster. Based on the surveyed data, because various potentially zoonotic STs, such as ST1, ST4, ST10, ST14, and ST24, were detected, it is believed that the zoonotic risk of Blastocystis from the Alpine musk deer in this area cannot be ignored.

Background Cryptosporidium is one of the most prevalent parasites infecting both birds and mammals. To examine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species and evaluate the public health significance of domestic chickens in Guangdong Province, Southern China, we analyzed 1001 fecal samples collected from 43 intensive broiler chicken farms from six distinct geographical regions between June 2020 and March 2021. Methods Individual DNAs were subjected to nested PCR-based amplification and sequencing of the small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA). The 60 kDa glycoprotein gene (pgp60) was performed from all positive SSU rRNA samples to characterise subtypes of C. meleagridis. Results Cryptosporidium infection rates was found to be 13.2%, comprising with infections with C. meleagridis (78/1001, 7.8%), C. baileyi (48/1001, 4.8%) and mixed infections (6/1001, 0.6%). Three subtype families were identified, IIIb, IIIe and IIIg. Six subtypes were identified in broiler chickens, including one novel (IIIgA25G3R1a) and five previously reported (IIIbA23G1R1c, IIIbA24G1R1, IIIbA21G1R1a, IIIeA17G2R1 and IIIeA26G2R1). Within these subtypes, five known subtypes were genetically identical to those identified in humans. Conclusions This is the first report of C. meleagridis in chickens from Guangdong. The frequent occurrence of C. meleagridis in domestic chickens and the common C. meleagridis subtypes identified both in humans and chickens is of public health significance. Our study indicates that broiler chickens represent a potential zoonotic risk for the transmission of Cryptosporidium in this region.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common pathogen in a broad range of vertebrate hosts. To assess the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in farmed masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), 537 fecal samples from seven provinces in China were tested by nested PCR of the polymorphic internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Among of all the samples, 60.0% (325/531) were positive for E. bieneusi, with the highest prevalence in Hebei province (85.0%). Sequence analysis revealed the presence of nine E. bieneusi genotypes, including four known genotypes (SHR1, PL2, PL4, CHG19) and five novel genotypes (PL12 to PL16). Genotypes SHR1 and PL2 were the most common genotypes in seven provinces. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three genotypes (CHG19, PL4 and PL16) were distributed to Group 1, and six genotypes (SHR1, PL2, PL12, PL13, PL14 and PL15) formed a novel clade, which was named group 12. Findings highlight the need to conduct additional research to elucidate the epidemiology of E. bieneusi in farmed masked palm civet., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights ● The overall infection rate of Enterocytozoon bieneusi was 60.0% (325/537) in farmed masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) in China. ● Nine genotypes were identified, including four known genotypes (SHR1, PL2, PL4, CHG19) and five novel genotypes (named as PL12 to PL16). ● Genotypes in farmed masked palm civet formed a novel clade which was named as group 12.

In many vibration problems, it is very important to know precisely the bounds of the stability/instability frequencies and the associated amplitude ranges. This paper investigates the solvability and control of some weighted pseudo almost periodic solutions of abstract nonlinear vibration differential systems. Some sufficient conditions for the solvability and exponential stability of these systems are obtained. Moreover, the precise bound of Lyapunov exponents is estimated.

In this paper, the globally asymptotical stability in the mean square for a class of high-order bidirectional associative memory neural networks with time-varying delays and fixed moments of impulsive effect are studied. The proof makes use of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, and the conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A controller has been derived to robustly stabilize this network. Two illustrative examples are also given at the end of this paper to show the effectiveness of our results.

In this paper, we propose a new mathematical model based on the association between susceptible and recovered individual. Then, we study the stability of this model with the deterministic case and obtain the conditions for the extinction of diseases. Moreover, in view of the association between susceptible and recovered individual perturbed by white noise, we also give sufficient conditions for the extinction and the permanence in mean of disease with the white noise. Finally, we have numerical simulations to demonstrate the correctness of obtained theoretical results.

In this note, the stabilizing for neural networks with time-varying delays and impulses are considered. By choosing proper Lyapunov functionals and differential inequality techniques with delay and impulse, the sufficient conditions for the globally impulsively exponential stable and exponentially stabilized via an impulsive controller are obtained. An example is given to prove the correctness of our theory.