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Background: Diabetes type II is growing rapidly as a result of the global shift in dietary and lifestyle habits. Although there are many pharmacological treatments for diabetes, incorporating foods with antidiabetic components into daily diet will be helpful. The present study compared the difference in the bioaccessibility of biguanide‐related compounds (BRCs, antidiabetic compounds) and phenolics from yellow, red, and purple potatoes. Results: Color‐based averaged results showed that only biofortified red‐fleshed advanced potato clones showed higher bioaccessibility (14%) of BRCs compared to light yellow potatoes. Among all the tested compounds, only BRCs were released to maximum extent in the intestinal phase from all varieties and advance clones. This is the first report that revealed potatoes to be a good source of BRCs due to their high bioaccessibility. Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from boiled potatoes was 1.1‐fold higher in red colored, whereas almost 2‐fold higher in purple potatoes. Compared to light yellow potatoes, bioaccesibility of 3‐caffeoylquinic acid, 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid and 4‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid was 5.1, 5.7, 4.6 fold higher in boiled red potatoes, respectively, and 4.6, 3.7, and 6.9 fold higher in boiled purple potatoes, respectively. Total anthocyanins showed color‐dependent bioaccessibility and were 3.2 and 16.2 fold more bioaccessible from red and purple boiled potatoes, respectively, compared to light yellow potatoes. Conclusion: Due to high bioaccessibility of phenolics, anthocyanins, and BRCs, purple and red potatoes can play pivotal role in health improvement of consumers worldwide. However, further detailed bioavailability studies are required to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian potato production potential (54 million tonnes) strengthens the cause of export of this crop from the country. Government of India has identified districts of Agra and Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh, and Sabarkantha and Banaskantha in Gujarat for potato export promotion in the Agri-export policy-2018. However, issues like suitable varieties, sustainable production and protection technologies, and efficient marketing channel are challenges for acceleration of potato export in a significant way. One of the critical gaps, suitable export potential varieties was taken up in current study. Eight potato varieties were evaluated in replicated field trials at farmer's fields in district Agra and Gandhinagar. Based upon yield performance and feedback from exporters, potato varieties Kufri (K) Frysona (35.3), K Ganga (31.8), K Chipsona-3 (28.2), K Sangam (28.0) and K Bahar (24.0) have better export-grade (>55mm) tuber production potential (tha-1) in western Uttar Pradesh. Variety K Chipsona-3 (30.7), K Sangam (29.6), K Ganga (27.2) and K Frysona (24.9) are exhibiting prospects of export from Gujarat. Newly released specialty potato cv. K Neelkanth has also attracted the attention of exporters. Suitable potato varieties acceptable for importing destinations and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) developed by ICAR-CPRI holds a better future for Indian potato export. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome-wide identification of all the genes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis were carried out in silico using potato genome sequence. Of the 12 genes analysed [geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPS), phytoene synthase (PSY), f-carotene desaturase (ZDS), carotenoid isomerise (CRTISO), lycopene e-cyclase (LCY-e), lycopene β-cyclase (LCY-β), β-carotene hydroxylase (CHY-β), violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), neoxanthin synthase (NXS), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), 9-cisepoxycarotenoids dioxygenase (NCED)]; three genes namely ZDS, CRTISO and LCY-ε was found as single gene, on chromosome 1, 10 and 12, respectively. GGPS (chromosomes 4 & 11), LCY-β (chromosomes 4 & 10), CHY-β (chromosomes 3& 6) had two genes each. VDE (chromosome 4), NXS (chromosomes 2, 3 & 6) and NCED (chromosome 5, 7 & 8) showed presence of 3, 4 and 5 genes, respectively. CCD (chromosome 1 7 & 8) and PSY (chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 8 & 12) had six genes each in potato genome. These carotenoid biosynthesis genes differed in terms of number of introns, length of open reading frame, molecular weight and isoelectric points of deduced proteins, secondary structure composition etc. This information generated about genes and proteins of carotenoids biosynthesis pathway in potato may be very crucial and of vital utility for genome editing mediated interventions for enhancing total/ targeted carotenoids content in potato. Further, ZEP was cloned full length. The complete ORF of cloned ZEP was 2010 nucleotides long and encoding a protein having 669 amino acids (NCBI acc no. MK852682). It exhibited variations at 9 amino acid positions when compared with the one available in potato genome sequence database. These variations at 9 amino acids might provide some uniqueness to the cloned gene which might be involved in regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway especially beta-carotene, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin carotenoids etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potato originated in southern Peru and north-western Bolivia (South America). However, native accessions have also been cultivated in India for many years. Late blight, caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating potato disease, while potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp.) (PCN) is another economically significant quarantine-requiring pest in India. In this study, we have generated a new Indian native collection of 94 potato accessions collected from different parts India. These accessions were screened against late blight and potato cyst nematode resistance by using gene-based molecular markers and phenotypic screening methods. Marker assisted selection using R1 gene-specific marker CosA210 revealed a late blight resistance gene in 11 accessions. PCN resistance bands were found in 3 accessions with marker TG689141, 5 accessions with marker 57R452, and 1 accession having Gro1-4-1602 marker for G. rostochiensis (Ro1,4), while 64 accessions amplified marker HC276 indicating G. pallida (Pa2,3) resistance gene (GpaVvrn QTL). On the other hand, phenotypic screening against late blight resistance under natural epiphytic conditions (hot-spot) revealed three accessions with high resistance, while others were resistant (1 accession), moderately resistant (5 accessions), susceptible (29 accessions), and highly susceptible (56 accessions). For G. rostochiensis (golden cyst nematode) and G. pallida (white cyst nematode) resistance, accessions were grouped into highly resistant (3, 3), resistant (0, 2), moderately resistant (6, 29), susceptible (32, 30), and highly susceptible (53, 30), respectively, for the two PCN species. Collectively, we identified promising accessions with high resistance to late blight (JG-1, Kanpuria Safed, and Rangpuria), and also highly resistant to both Globodera species (Garlentic, Jeevan Jyoti, and JG-1). Our findings suggested that these accessions would be useful for late blight and PCN resistance breeding, as well as future molecular studies in potatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze multi-coloured flesh potato hybrids using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and identify diagnostic SSRs for genetic fidelity purpose. The parents MP/4-816 (female) and CP4242 (male) were hybridized and 108 progenies (MSP/17-136 to MSP/17-243) were produced. The 110 genotypes (2 parents and 108 progenies) were analysed by 59 known potato SSR markers. Of which, only one marker STI0003 (PIC: 0.84) was identified or diagnostic purpose, which clearly distinguished the hybrid progenies. Allelic profile of STI0003 showed total eight alleles (118, 122, 125, 130, 139, 145, 149 and 152 bp), of which distinct alleles were 118, 130 and 149 bp in MP/4-816, and 130, 149 and 152 bp in CP 4242, and their progenies contained 2 to 7 alleles. The study suggests that STI0003 is a diagnostic marker for further characterization of these multi-coloured potato hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global agriculture is causing environmental pollution due to excess application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in high N requiring crops like potato. Hence, aim of this study was to develop potato hybrids with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield traits under limited N availability. We generated here a bi-parental population of 116 progenies by crossing two contrasting varieties viz., Kufri Jyoti (N inefficient) and Kufri Gaurav (N efficient). After six years (2015-21) of breeding, clonal selection and field trials, we developed advance hybrids based on 20 traits of agronomic, physio-biochemical and NUE parameters. Significant variations were observed in the progenies for most traits such as plant height, total leaf area, shoot dry weight and tuber traits (number, yield and dry matter). Further, plant total N content, NUE variables (NUE, NUpE, NUtE, HI and NHI) and physio-biochemical properties also differed significantly. The principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) distinguished variations. We observed significant and positive correlations with tuber traits and NUE variables. Finally, three advance hybrids (NUE/15-8, NUE/15-23, and NUE/15-67) with high yield and NUE combined with other desirable tuber traits are demonstrated here. Our study also implies that tuber yield and NUE are the key criteria for selection of N use efficient genotypes under limited N input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somatic hybridization has been used in potato to overcome the sexual barriers between the cultivated ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and wild species. To date hundreds of inter/intra-specific somatic hybrids have been produced via protoplast fusions using 23 Solanum species and characterized for multiple traits such as agronomic, disease/pest resistance, salinity, frost and others. With increasing success in recovery of fusion products, somatic hybrids have been exploited in potato genetics, breeding and genomics studies. Here, we report on progress in somatic hybridization research in potato during the past 40 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]