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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between prophetic parenting and psychological well-being. There were 102 students participated in this study. Two scales, psychological well-being and prophetic parenting were used in this study. The psychological well-being scale was compiled by Jordan (2011) and is based on six aspects of psychological well-being ofRyffand Keyes (1995). The prophetic parenting scale was compiled by researchers were based on six aspects of parenting prophetic from Suwaid (2010). The results showed that there was a positive relationship between parenting prophetic father and psychological well-being of students (r = 0.448; p < 0.05), and there is also a positive relationship between parenting prophetic mother and psychological well-being of students (r = 0.310; p < 0.05). Â Keywords: psychological well-being, prophetic parenting, undergraduate students

This study sought to investigate whether or not there was a significant difference in reading comprehension between students who were taught utilizing reciprocal teaching strategies and those who were not, as well as whether there was a significant effect of applying these strategies on reading comprehension. In September and October 2022, Senior High School 1 in Kampar Hulu was the site of the study. The Senior High School 1 Koto Kampar Hulu population for this study was made up entirely of eleventh graders. In class XI 1, the researcher utilized the reciprocal teaching technique as the experimental class, while in class XI 2, the researcher used the traditional strategy as the control class. A quantitative and experimental method was adopted in this study. Pretest and posttest were not equal in the study's quasi-experimental approach. Pre-test and post-test tests were used as study instruments to gather the data. The independent t-test and paired sample t-test statistic techniques from SPSS 22 were used to analyse and evaluate the data. The independent t-test calculation using the test results in both groups' posttest scores revealed that the significant value was greater than the level of significance (0,361 > 0,05). It demonstrated that the experimental and control groups' differences were indeed substantial. Additionally, the paired t-test calculation revealed the paired sample t-test result (-12,805 0,05), which indicated that adopting the reciprocal teaching strategy had a substantial impact on students' reading comprehension

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan dan mendeskripsikan konsep kajian pendidikan islam pada anak di usia dini dalam prespektif buku Sutrisno. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian adalah kepustakaan atau library research, dengan pendekatan yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan hermeneutic, adapun sumber data utama yang digunakan dan menjadi objek dalam penelitian ini berupa buku buku terkait dengan pemikiran sutrisno dalam perspektif pendidikan islam pada anak usia dini, dan teknik pengumpulan data yang di gunakan adalah dokumentasi, kemudian teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah content analysis. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdeskrpsikannya tujuan pendidikan islam menurut sutrisno mencakup tiga tujuan, yaitu tujuan mengabdi kepada Allah, menjadi khalifah di muka bumi, meraih ridha allah, dan meraih kebahagiaan dunia maupun akhirat. Aspek materi menurutnya adalah segala hal yang melekat dan terjadi pada individu manusia, tentang alam semesta serta sejarah yang ada pada umat manusia berdasarkan Al Quran, sedangkan metode pembelajaran dan pendidikan yang paling tepat menurut sutrisno yaitu metode dua arah yang memungkinkan terjadinya komunikasi antara murid dengan pendidik. Konsep evaluasi prespektif sutrisno adalah evaluasi yang mampu memberikan penilaian atas semua prose pendidikan dari awal hingga akhir, serta mampu menilai aspek kognitif, afektif, maupun psikomotortik peserta didik.

Teaching materials as a support in the learning process in this technological era can be in the form of e-modules. Using e-modules in the learning process is declared effective, with a marked increase in student learning outcomes. This research aims to produce an integrated STEAM Problem-Based Learning E-Module of Salt Hydrolysis and determine its validity and practicality level. The type of research used is research development or Research and Development (R&D). The development model used is the Plomp model, which consists of 3 stages, namely: (1) Preliminary Research, (2) the Development or Prototyping Phase, and (3) Trial and Assessment (assessment phase). This research is limited to the development stage, namely the validity and practicality test. The research instrument used was a validity and practicality questionnaire. Five validators validated the e-module, while the practicality test was carried out by three chemistry teachers and 12 students in class XII MIPA senior high school SMAN 15 Padang. The results of the validation analysis obtained an average content validity test value of 0.87 with a valid category and an average media validity test value of 0.90 with a valid category. At the same time, the practicality tests of teachers and students obtained 91% and 91%, respectively, in the very practical practicality category. In conclusion, the salt hydrolysis e-module based on STEAM integrated Problem-Based Learning for class XI SMA/MA, which has been developed, is valid and practical.

Mining causes destructive soil properties, especially soil texture, water retention, and transmission. Applying biochar is the best way to improve soil physical properties. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of biochar on soil physical properties based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replicates. The research comprised six treatments (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 t biochar ha-1). The results showed that the ex-gold-mined soil had coarse soil texture (sandy loam), high Bulk Density (BD) (1.43 g cm-3), low Total Soil Pores (TSP) (46.45%), low soil organic matter (SOM) content (1.27 %), very fast hydraulic conductivity (198.8 cm h-1). After biochar incubation, SOM increased (to 3.11%), soil BD decreased (to 1.16 g cm-3), TSP increased (to 54.17 %), water retention increased (at pF 1.0, 2.0, 2.54, and 4.2), plant available water (PAW) increased (into 8.33 %), and hydraulic conductivity decreased (into 24.70 cm h-1). However, applying 20 t biochar ha-1 still needs to bring the soil physical properties of the ex-gold-mined soil back into suitable soil for farming land.

Diskursus kemunculan wajah baru dalam dunia pendidikan anak tentunya akan menjadi suatu topik baru yang menjadi penentu saat ini dalam dunia pendidikan. Setiap segi dimensi kehidupan mengalami disrupsi baik dari adanya pandemic dan revolusi industry digital yang begitu signifikan dengan adanya pandemic. penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus (case study) untuk mendapatkan gambaranterkait dengan permasalahan di atas, maka peneliti mengambil lokasi penelitian di kota Metro. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian tersebut sengaja dilakukan secara purposive sampling dan mendapatkan sekitar 7 sekolah sebagai responden.Teknik pengumpulan data yang di gunakan yakni menggunakan wawancara dengan menyiapkan instrument penelitian berupa butir-butir pertanyaan terbuka melalui google form. Lebih lanjut instrumen tersebut kemudian disebarkan melalui daring kepada guru dan kepala sekolah. Setelah dilakukannya penyebaran instrumen secara daring, peneliti memiliki sebanyak 20 responden diantaranya adalah guru-guru dan kepala sekolah PAUD, untuk melihat tanggapan wajah baru dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini setelah new normal covid-19. Hasil penelitian yang di dapati, bahwasanya salah satu upaya yang dilakukan yakni sekolah, masyarakat serta pemerintah terus saling bahu-membahu untuk menggerakkan upaya pemulihan pasca pandemic, dengan harapan keberlangsungan pembelajaran di sekolah tetap berjalan, harapan tersebut tentunya akan dapat menguatkan kemitraan antara masyarakat, orangtua, dan pemerintah dalam menanggulangi pasca pandemi.

BackgroundCuprotosis is a newly discovered form of cell death that differs from other types of cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional role and a possible prognostic model for thyroid cancer.MethodsTCGA and GEO were used to investigate the differential expression of CRGs in THCA. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were applied to investigate the possible molecular functions. The features of CRGs were selected by LASSO regression. 20 pairs of samples were randomly collected from the hospital to compare expression between tumor and normal.ResultsAmong the 19 CRGs related to thyroid cancer recurrence, 16 genes were differentially expressed in thyroid cancer. KEGG analysis showed that the 19 CRGs were mainly enriched in cell death, cell cycle and ribosomal pathways. K-M survival analysis and subsequent multiple logistic regression revealed that the expression of BUB1 and GINS2 were potential risk factors for disease-free survival (DFS) of thyroid cancer. In addition, further LASSO-regression selected the following three DFS-related CRGs: FDX1, BUB1 and RPL3. A novel prognostic prediction model was constructed by nomogram, and the prediction probability for 1-, 3- and 5-year survival approached the actual time. As for the possible mechanisms, FDX1, BUB1 and RPL3 were associated with immune infiltration. The cell model experiment illustrated that the ATM signaling pathway might be involved in thyroid cancer cell death.ConclusionThree CRG models (FDX1, BUB1, RPL3) could better predict the prognosis of thyroid cancer. Immune cell infiltration and the ATM pathway were the possible mechanisms.

Abstract Background Adiposity is a well-established risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but whether a combination of preferable anthropometric measurements may improve the accuracy of detecting OSA is unknown. This study aimed to explore the accuracies of the waist-hip ratio (WHR) in conjunction with the body mass index (BMI) when identifying the severity of OSA. Design A total of 2012 participants in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 underwent anthropometric measurements and an overnight home sleep test (HST). The 244 subjects who met the criteria for obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 events/hour) were divided into four groups: Group A (55 patients with WHR ≥ 0.9 and BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2); Group B (12 patients with WHR

Excess inventory of goods is one factor in increasing production costs and can reduce the profits earned by the company. The company's ability to control the supply of raw materials is the key to the continuity of the production process. This study aims to determine an inventory method that minimizes the cost of supplies of plastic pellets using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Economic Order Interval (EOI), and Min-Max methods. A Monte Carlo simulation approach with Perpetual Simulation, Periodic Simulation, and Min-Max Simulation can use determine the appropriate inventory method in the future. Based on current demand, the EOQ method produces the lowest total cost of inventory. Meanwhile, through a simulation by predicting demand in the next 34 months, the EOQ method also affords the lowest total cost of inventory.

This research aims to determine whether there is an effect of using video as media on the students’ listening comprehension in an online class in the academic year 2020/2021. This research is pre-experimental. It involved 24 students in class. The class was taught by using video as media as the treatment in the class. The data were analyzed quantitatively by using the T-test formula. The result shows that the students listening comprehension in the post-test are higher than pre-test. The data analysis can be seen in many students who get a good score in the class by using video. It can be concluded that video in teaching listening comprehension in an online class is an influential media. As aresult, 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡is 7,03 and 𝑇𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒is 1,68. In this case, the average score is 72. The use of video for listening comprehension is one of the alternative media in online class.

Ditinjau dari Etimologi, asal kata yoghurt dari bahasa Turki yoğurt (pengucapan: [jɔˈurt]) ditinjau dari kata sifat ‘yoğun’, dengan arti “padat” dan “tebal”, apabila ditinjau dari kata kerja yoğurmak, mempunyai arti “memijat” dan memiliki kemungkinan yang berarti “membuat padat”. Yoghurt dihasilkan melalui proses fermentasi bakteri Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophilus. Penelitian ini menggunakan kacang merah sebagai bahan dasar yoghurt dan ekstrak buah naga merah sebagai bahan tambahan pangan (pewarna). Kacang merah sebagai sumber protein nabati yang potensial sedangkan ekstrak buah naga merah memiliki antioksidan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar protein, kadar pH, dan organoleptik pada yoghurt dengan formulasi kacang merah, yoghurt plain dan ekstrak buah naga merah yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 3 faktor. Faktor pertama kacang merah 20 ml (X1), 40 ml (X2), 60 ml (X3). Faktor kedua yoghurt plain 6% ( Y1), 10% ( Y2). Faktor ketiga ekstrak buah naga merah tanpa ekstrak buah naga merah ( Z1), 15% ( Z2), 20% ( Z3). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh nyata dan interaksi antara kacang merah dan ekstrak buah naga merah terhadap kadar protein yoghurt. Kombinasi perlakuan kacang merah 60 ml dan ekstrak buah naga merah 20 % merupakan hasil yoghurt terbaik dengan kadar protein 4,28 %. melalui pengamatan organoleptik diperoleh warna merah, aroma agak sedap, rasa asam, tekstur kental, dan daya terima masyarakat yang tinggi. Yoghurt kombinasi kacang merah dan ekstrak buah naga merah pada semua perlakuan memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 2981:2009) karena memiliki kadar protein rata-rata diatas 2,7 %.

Produksi dan konsumsi singkong di Indonesia setiap tahunnya terus meningkat, dimana limbah pengupasan singkong yang diperoleh berupa kulit juga semakin banyak. Dalam upaya mengurangi limbah tersebut maka perlu adanya berbagai macam pengolahan. Salah satunya dengan mengolahnya menjadi tepung termodifikasi. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengamati “Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Perendaman Terhadap Kareketeristik Pati Termodifikasi dari Kulit Singkong dengan Subtitusi Sari Kedelai”. Perlakuan penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental yang dilakukan di laboratorium, dimana secara garis besar tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan ditunjukkan pada bagan rancangan penelitian seperti yang disajikan berikut ini variasi perendaman yang digunakan berupa berupa suhu perendaman dan konsentrasi starter Bimo-CF. Perlakuan perendaman dengan temperatur (suhu) air 50 0C dan 60 0C, sedangkan konsentrasi starter Bimo-CF yang digunakan yaitu 1,0%w dan 2,5%w. Bahan baku didapat untuk penelitian ini diperoleh dari kulit singkong segar langsung dari pedagang di pasar Antri Cimahi, di sortir, diambil kulit yang baik, dibersihkan, dicuci dan dipotong-potong menjadi irisan (sawut) atau chip dengan ketebalan 1,5 – 2,0 mm, garam dapur merk Refina dengan kandungan NaCl 99,25 %, Starter Bimo-CF yang mengandung bahan aktif berbagai mikroba bakteri asam laktat, yang didapat dari “Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pasca Panen Pertanian” di Bogor, sedangkan susu kedelai yang diperoleh dari pedagang di pasar antri Cimahi. Pati/tepung kulit singkong termodifikasi yang sudah jadi di substitusi dengan sari kedelai agar kandungan protein pada tepung dapat meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil uji analisa berupa uji (water level), (ash level), (protein level), derajat putih dan uji organoleptik diperoleh perlakuan terbaik yaitu pada tepung kulit singkong pada variasi perendaman dengan suhu 500C dan konsentrasi starter sebanyak 1,0%. Dengan kadar air sebesar 2,00%, kadar abu 1,94%, kadar protein 2,52%, kadar HCN 35,3928 mg/kg dan derajat putih sebesar 67,02% yang sudah sesuai dengan SNI 01–2997–1992.

The largest kenaf culture in Indonesia is in Laren, Lamongan. Kenaf plants are suitable to be planted in the Bonorowo field. The less potential land conditions make the cultivation of kenaf plants must use chemicals. The use of chemicals has the potential to harm the environment. The approach to identifying and analyzing environmental impacts is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is one method to find out the life cycle of agriculture. LCA stages are Goal and Scope Definition, Life Cycle Inventory, Life Cycle Impact Assessment, and Interpretation. Environmental impact measurement is based on fifteen categories grouped into four categories. LCA processing results show the use of urea fertilizer has the most significant negative impact on the environment. The biggest impact category due to the use of urea fertilizer is aquatic ecotoxicity. The use of urea fertilizer affects the types of resources, climate change, ecosystem quality, and human health. Of the four groups, which have the highest value, are the resource group. The use of urea fertilizer has the most significant role in the success of kenaf cultivation because kenaf cultivation requires more N elements to improve the quality of kenaf stems. The use of organic fertilizer can be an option to reduce the use of urea fertilizer.

Keberagaman dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia dini berbeda pada setiap individu. Pengalaman belajar yang disajikan kepada anak usia dini haruslah disesuaikan dengan keunikan masing masing individu, sehingga selama masa perkembangan anak mengalami peningkatan yang dinamis bukannya statis, ditopang dengan pola asuh orang tua dalam membentuk kesiapan dan kemampuan anak dalam mengolah emosi dan bersosialisasi dalam lingkungan masyarakat. Karena polemik yang dirasakan saat ini, terletak pada pola asuh dan sikap yang diambil orangtua saat mendidik anak. Sehingga yang terjadi adalah pola asuh orangtua memberi sumbangan kepribadian kepada anak ketika anak menjadi dewasa yang disebabkan oleh pilihan pilihan dan sikap orangtua selama mendidik anak.

Kontradiksi dalam kurikulum 2013 saat ini masih menjadi polemik, dikarenakan peralihan dari kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan atau yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan KTSP beralih menjadi kurikulum 2013. Pengembangan kurikulum dan konsep pembelajaran pada kurikulum ini masih terdapat kesenjangan pada beberapa sekolah dalam pengaplikasiannya. Konsep pembelajaran yang berpusat pada anak dengan menggunakan pendekatan saintifik, masih menjadi pembelajaran yang harus dikaji lebih dalam oleh para praktisi pendidikan anak usia dini, sehingga dalam implementasinya pada saat ini diperlukan sosialisasi lebih lanjut. Pedoman pembelajaran yang digunakan melalui pendekatan saintifik memberikan pengalaman belajar yang bermakna kepada anak dan mendorong anak-anak untuk berpikir lebih kritis, analisis, dan kemampuan dalam memcahkan masalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran bersifat saintifik. Kemudian, manfaat yang akan dirasakan dalam Mengembangkan berpikir saintifik sejak usia dini akan mempermudah transfer keterampilan saintifik yang mereka miliki menjadi area akademik yang dapat mendukung prestasi akademik saat anak masuk jenjang SD, SMP,SMA, dan perguruan tinggi.

Lack of reference, guidelines, facilities, time and place of practice English become the problems of this research. This study aims to develop textbook based on social media which is used in Speaking Class at English Study Program. The research adapted some steps of the development by Ploomp which included Need Analysis, Self-Evaluation, Expert Review, Small Group Evaluation, Field Test, and assessment phase. The product of this research is a textbook which consisted of fourteen chapters. Each chapter applied speaking activities through social media. The materials written based on social media and taught by using social media included; Facebook, Whatsapp, Instagram, and Youtube. The textbook is developed and implemented based on social media in accordance with the competency standards set in the curriculum of department. The training materials and activities by using social media strongly guide students to practice English and provide a different atmosphere in the learning process.

Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di TK Mutiara Kampung Godang terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak belum berkembang dengan optimal. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penerapan kegiatan bermain kolase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bermain kolase terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak kelompok B di TK Mutiara Kampung Godang. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini 15 orang anak. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t-test dengan menggunakan program SPSS 16.0. hipotesis penelitian ini adalah kegiatan bermain kolase mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak kelompok B di TK Mutiara Kampung Godang. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil analisisa data yang diperoleh diperoleh thitung = 17.193 dengan Sig = 0,0000, karena nilai sig 0,000< 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya perbedaan kemampuan motorik halus anak yang signifikan sesudah kegiatan bermain kolase dalam pembelajaran. Jadi artinya Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang berarti ada perbedaan yang sangat signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah melakukan eksperimen dengan menerapkan kegiatan bermain kolase. Pengaruh bermain kolase terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak kelompok B di TK Mutiara Kampung Godang sebesar 47,76%.

Solok Regency is known as a food production centre of the community of West Sumatra and has extensive volcanic paddy fields. Paddy fields have problems of one that is the toxicity of Fe at the time of the decrease in pH, thereby resulting in low available P (Phosphate) and can decrease the production of rice. This research aimed to get the right combination of siderophore-producing bacteria by growing rice husk bio-char media in overcoming toxicity of  iron (Fe) in the land of paddy fields in Solok Regency, and to get a pure siderophore bacterial isolate without the use of the media biochar in overcoming toxicity of Fe on paddy fields. The results of this research showed that the addition of the siderophore bacteria by using rice husk biochar could reduce the toxicity of Fe as well as improving soil available P content of paddy field. The best combination was obtained for 10 ml of siderophore bacterial isolate and 25 g of rice husk biochar.

Pendahuluan Malnutrisi pada keganasan kepala dan leher sering terjadi yang ditandai dengan penurunan berat badan 10% selama menjalani terapi. Intervensi nutrisi dapat mencegah malnutrisi. Laporan Kasus Tn.M, umur 35 tahun dikonsulkan dari THT-KL dengan diagnosa karsinoma nasofaring stadium IV B dengan keluhan utama sulit menelan selama 2 hari sebelum dikonsul dan penurunan berat badan dalam 2 minggu. Pemeriksaan Antropometri: panjang badan: 171 cm, lingkar lengan atas: 22 cm, berat badan ideal: 63,9 kg, berat badan aktual: 45 kg, indeks masa tubuh:15,3 kg/m2. Pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan: massa tumor pada leher kanan, kehilangan lemak subkutan, muscle wasting. Status gizi: gizi buruk. Pemeriksaan laboratorium: kolesterol total 224 mg/dL,LDL190 mg/dL. Intervensi nutrisi dengan kebutuhan energi terkoreksi 2200 kkal dengan komposisi karbohidrat 50 %, protein 17% dan lemak 33 %. Diet diberikan 50 % via nasogastric tube berupa makanan saring, susu formula, jus buah. Selanjutnya, diet akan ditingkatkan sesuai toleransi sampai kebutuhan energi terkoreksi tercapai. Setelah perawatan 14 hari, pada pasien ini terjadi peningkatan lingkar lengan atas pada awal perawatan 22 cm menjadi 22.5 cm, berat badan aktual 45 kg menjadi 46 kg. Hasil laboratorium didapatkan perbaikan profil lipid. Kesimpulan Terapi nutrisi pada pasien karsinoma nasofaring dengan gizi buruk dapat meningkatkan berat badan dan mencegah adanya malnutrisi energi-protein yang berat.

Pendidikan di Indonesia selama ini masih menekankan pemahaman ilmu pengetahuan dan mengesampingkan nilai-nilai yang sebenarnya wajib disampaikan untuk membentuk karakter. Proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung dikelas membuat penyampaian pelajaran dan penanaman nilai sulit dilakukan, dan peserta didik merasa bosan, kurangnya minat dalam mengikuti pelajaran. Maka dari itu saya mencoba untuk memberikan alternatif inovasi pendidikan dengan media seni batik untuk membentuk karakter anak. Peranan seni batik untuk membentuk karakter positif melalui pengelolaan perubahan proses belajar mengajar tidak hanya berlangsung didalam kelas yang hanya tertuju pada penyampaian materi saja. Media seni batik diharapkan dapat menjadi inspirasi oleh guru-guru di Indonesia sebagai inovasi pendidikan dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik.

Griseofulvin represents a rare case of a close-packed organic apohost that can clathrate selected volatile guests in a solid-gas fashion. Inclusion mechanisms and solvent exchange were investigated by a combination of single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, coupled to optical microscopy and thermal analyses. In particular, gas diffusion and dissolution/recrystallization are alternatively observed, depending on the host polymorph, as well as the chemical nature of the guest and its physical state., (© 2024 The Author(s). Chemistry - A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The prevalence of poor solubility in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as celecoxib (CEL) is a major bottleneck in the pharmaceutical industry, leading to a low concentration gradient, poor passive diffusion, and in vivo failure. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a new cocrystal of the API CEL. CEL is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Computational screening was completed for CEL against a large library of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) coformers, based on molecular complementarity and hydrogen bond propensity (HBP). The generated list of 17 coformers with a likelihood for cocrystallization with CEL were experimentally screened using four techniques: liquid-assisted grinding (LAG), solvent evaporation (SE), gas antisolvent crystallization (GAS), and supercritical enhanced atomization (SEA). One new crystalline form was isolated, employing the liquid coformer N -ethylacetamide (NEA). This novel form, celecoxib-di- N -ethylacetamide (CEL·2NEA), was characterized by a variety of different techniques. The crystal structure was determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both NEA molecules are evolved from the crystal structure at a desolvation temperature of approximately 65 °C. The CEL·2NEA cocrystal exhibited a dissolution rate, with more than a twofold improvement in comparison to as-received CEL after only 15 min., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Propane (C 3 H 8 ) is a widely used fuel gas. Metal-organic framework (MOF) physisorbents that are C 3 H 8 selective offer the potential to significantly reduce the energy footprint for capturing C 3 H 8 from natural gas, where C 3 H 8 is typically present as a minor component. Here we report the C 3 H 8 recovery performance of a previously unreported lonsdaleite, lon , topology MOF, a chiral metal-organic material, [Ni( S -IEDC)(bipy)(SCN)] n , CMOM-7 . CMOM-7 was prepared from three low-cost precursors: Ni(SCN) 2 , S -indoline-2-carboxylic acid ( S -IDECH), and 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy), and its structure was determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Pure gas adsorption isotherms revealed that CMOM-7 exhibited high C 3 H 8 uptake (2.71 mmol g -1 ) at 0.05 bar, an indication of a higher affinity for C 3 H 8 than both C 2 H 6 and CH 4 . Dynamic column breakthrough experiments afforded high purity C 3 H 8 capture from a gas mixture comprising C 3 H 8 /C 2 H 6 /CH 4 (v/v/v = 5/10/85). Despite the dilute C 3 H 8 stream, CMOM-7 registered a high dynamic uptake of C 3 H 8 and a breakthrough time difference between C 3 H 8 and C 2 H 6 of 79.5 min g -1 , superior to those of previous MOF physisorbents studied under the same flow rate. Analysis of crystallographic data and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations provides insight into the two C 3 H 8 binding sites in CMOM-7 , both of which are driven by C-H···π and hydrogen bonding interactions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

The search for solid solutions of class-two insulin secretagogues, tolbutamide and chlorpropamide, reveals a rare case of monotropic polymorphism for the mixed crystals. At any stoichiometry, two crystal forms are isolated that are kinetically stable at room temperature from a few months to over a year. Dissolution tests certify the solubility advantage of the solid solutions over the pure drugs as well as their physical mixture, suggesting a potential application as a highly soluble co-drug formulation.

This work presents two new solid forms, a polymorph and a solvate, of the antifungal active pharmaceutical ingredient griseofulvin (GSF). The novel forms were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The new polymorphic form (GSF Form VI) was obtained upon drying at room temperature the GSF-acetonitrile solvate. GSF Form VI is a relict structure related to reported solvates of GSF. Thermal stability studies show that Form VI is metastable and monotropically related to the stable GSF Form I. The new GSF- n -butyl acetate solvate was obtained by crystallization from an n -butyl acetate solution. The stoichiometry of the n -butyl acetate solvate is 1:0.5. The solvate loses the solvent from the crystal lattice at a temperature between 363.15 and 374.15 K., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Chiral metal-organic materials, CMOMs, are of interest as they can offer selective binding sites for chiral guests. Such binding sites can enable CMOMs to serve as chiral crystalline sponges (CCSs) to determine molecular structure and/or purify enantiomers. We recently reported on the chiral recognition properties of a homochiral cationic diamondoid, dia, network {[Ni( S -IDEC)(bipy)(H 2 O)][NO 3 ]} n ( S -IDEC = S -indoline-2-carboxylicate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine), CMOM-5[NO 3 ] . The modularity of CMOM-5[NO 3 ] means there are five feasible approaches to fine-tune structures and properties via substitution of one or more of the following components: metal cation (Ni 2+ ); bridging ligand ( S -IDEC); linker (bipy); extra-framework anion (NO 3 - ); and terminal ligand (H 2 O). Herein, we report the effect of anion substitution on the CCS properties of CMOM-5[NO 3 ] by preparing and characterizing {[Ni( S -IDEC)(bipy)(H 2 O)][BF 4 ]} n , CMOM-5[BF 4 ] . The chiral channels in CMOM-5[BF 4 ] enabled it to function as a CCS for determination of the absolute crystal structures of both enantiomers of three chiral compounds: 1-phenyl-1-butanol (1P1B); methyl mandelate (MM); ethyl mandelate (EM). Chiral resolution experiments revealed CMOM-5[BF 4 ] to be highly selective toward the S -isomers of MM and EM with enantiomeric excess, ee, values of 82.6 and 78.4%, respectively. The ee measured for S -EM surpasses the 64.3% exhibited by [DyNaL(H 2 O) 4 ] 6H 2 O and far exceeds that of CMOM-5[NO 3 ] (6.0%). Structural studies of the binding sites in CMOM-5[BF 4 ] provide insight into their high enantioselectivity., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Chiral metal-organic materials (CMOMs), can offer molecular binding sites that mimic the enantioselectivity exhibited by biomolecules and are amenable to systematic fine-tuning of structure and properties. Herein, we report that the reaction of Ni(NO 3 ) 2 , S -indoline-2-carboxylic acid ( S -IDECH), and 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy) afforded a homochiral cationic diamondoid, dia , network, [Ni( S -IDEC)(bipy)(H 2 O)][NO 3 ], CMOM-5 . Composed of rod building blocks (RBBs) cross-linked by bipy linkers, the activated form of CMOM-5 adapted its pore structure to bind four guest molecules, 1-phenyl-1-butanol (1P1B), 4-phenyl-2-butanol (4P2B), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol (MPE), and methyl mandelate (MM), making it an example of a chiral crystalline sponge (CCS). Chiral resolution experiments revealed enantiomeric excess, ee , values of 36.2-93.5%. The structural adaptability of CMOM-5 enabled eight enantiomer@ CMOM-5 crystal structures to be determined. The five ordered crystal structures revealed that host-guest hydrogen-bonding interactions are behind the observed enantioselectivity, three of which represent the first crystal structures determined of the ambient liquids R -4P2B, S-4P2B, and R -MPE., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Praziquantel (PZQ) is a chiral class-II drug, and it is used as a racemate for the treatment of schistosomiasis. The knowledge of several cocrystals with dicarboxylic acids has prompted the realization of solid solutions of PZQ with both enantiomers of malic acid and tartaric acid. Here, the solid form landscape of such a six-component system has been investigated. In the process, two new cocrystals were structural-characterized and three non-stoichiometric, mixed crystal forms identified and isolated. Thermal and solubility analysis indicates a fourfold solubility advantage for the newly prepared solid solutions over the pure drug. In addition, a pharmacokinetic study was conducted in rats, which involved innovative mini-capsules for the oral administration of the solid samples. The available data indicate that the faster dissolution rate of the solid solutions translates in faster absorption of the drug and helps maintain a constant steady-state concentration.

The Δp K a rule is commonly applied by chemists and crystal engineers as a guideline for the rational design of molecular salts and co-crystals. For multi-component crystals containing acid and base constituents, empirical evidence has shown that Δp K a > 4 almost always leads to salts, Δp K a < -1 almost always leads to co-crystals and Δp K a between -1 and 4 can be either. This paper reviews the theoretical background of the Δp K a rule and highlights the crucial role of solvation in determining the outcome of the potential proton transfer from acid to base. New data on the frequency of the occurrence of co-crystals and salts in multi-component crystal structures containing acid and base constituents show that the relationship between Δp K a and the frequency of salt/co-crystal formation is influenced by the composition of the crystal. For unsolvated co-crystals/salts, containing only the principal acid and base components, the point of 50% probability for salt/co-crystal formation occurs at Δp K a ≈ 1.4, while for hydrates of co-crystals and salts, this point is shifted to Δp K a ≈ -0.5. For acid-base crystals with the possibility for two proton transfers, the overall frequency of occurrence of any salt (monovalent or divalent) versus a co-crystal is comparable to that of the whole data set, but the point of 50% probability for observing a monovalent salt vs. a divalent salt lies at Δp K a,II ≈ -4.5. Hence, where two proton transfers are possible, the balance is between co-crystals and divalent salts, with monovalent salts being far less common. Finally, the overall role played by the "crystal" solvation is illustrated by the fact that acid-base complexes in the intermediate region of Δp K a tip towards salt formation if ancillary hydrogen bonds can exist. Thus, the solvation strength of the lattice plays a key role in the stabilisation of the ions.

Approximately 80% of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) studied as lead candidates in drug development exhibit low aqueous solubility, which typically results in such APIs being poorly absorbed and exhibiting low bioavailability. Salts of ionizable APIs and, more recently, pharmaceutical cocrystals can address low solubility and other relevant physicochemical properties. Pharmaceutical cocrystals are amenable to design through crystal engineering because supramolecular synthons, especially those sustained by hydrogen bonds, can be anticipated through computational modeling or Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) mining. In this contribution, we report a combined experimental and CSD study on a class of cocrystals that, although present in approved drug substances, remains understudied from a crystal engineering perspective: ionic cocrystals composed of dihydrogen phosphate (DHP) salts and phosphoric acid (PA). Ten novel DHP:PA ionic cocrystals were prepared from nine organic bases (4,4'-bipyridine, 5-aminoquinoline, 4,4'-azopyridine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, piperazine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)xylene, 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2-ethanediol, and isoquinoline-5-carboxylic acid) and one anticonvulsant API, lamotrigine. From the resulting crystal structures and a CSD search of previously reported DHP:PA ionic cocrystals, 46 distinct hydrogen bonding motifs (HBMs) have been identified between DHP anions, PA molecules, and, in some cases, water molecules. Our results indicate that although DHP:PA ionic cocrystals are a challenge from a crystal engineering perspective, they are formed reliably and, given that phosphoric acid is a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer, this makes them relevant to pharmaceutical science., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Multidrug products enable more effective therapies and simpler administration regimens, provided that a stable formulation is prepared, with the desired composition. In this view, solid solutions have the advantage of combining the stability of a single crystalline phase with the potential of stoichiometry variation of a mixture. Here a drug-prodrug solid solution of cortisone and cortisol (hydrocortisone) is described. Despite the structural differences of the two components, the new phase is obtained both from solution and by supercritical CO 2 assisted spray drying. In particular, to enter the solid solution, hydrocortisone must violate Etter's rules for hydrogen bonding. As a result, its dissolution rate is almost doubled., (© Verma et al. 2020.)

Closed-to-open structural transformations in flexible coordination networks are of potential utility in gas storage and separation. Herein, we report the first example of a flexible SiF 6 2- -pillared square grid material, [Cu(SiF 6 )(L) 2 ] n (L = 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene), SIFSIX-23-Cu . SIFSIX-23-Cu exhibits reversible switching between nonporous ( β1 ) and several porous ( α , γ1 , γ2 , and γ3 ) phases triggered by exposure to N 2 , CO 2 , or H 2 O. In addition, heating β1 to 433 K resulted in irreversible transformation to a closed polymorph, β2 . Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the phase transformations are enabled by rotation and geometrical contortion of L. Density functional theory calculations indicated that L exhibits a low barrier to rotation (as low as 8 kJmol -1 ) and a rather flat energy surface. In situ neutron powder diffraction studies provided further insight into these sorbate-induced phase changes. SIFSIX-23-Cu combines stability in water for over a year, high CO 2 uptake (ca. 216 cm 3 /g at 195 K), and good thermal stability.

Effective desymmetrization in copper-catalyzed intramolecular C-H insertion reactions of α-diazo-β-oxosulfones in the formation of fused thiopyran dioxides is described for the first time. The use of a copper-bis(oxazoline)-NaBARF catalyst complex system leads to formation of the major thiopyran dioxide stereoisomer with up to 98:2 dr and up to 98% ee. The effect of varying the bis(oxazoline) ligand, copper salt, and site of C-H insertion on both diastereo- and enantioselectivities of these intramolecular C-H insertion reactions has been investigated. Similarly, desymmetrization in the formation of a fused cyclopentanone proceeds with up to 64% ee. These results represent the highest enantioselectivity reported to date in a copper-mediated desymmetrization through C-H insertion.

The investigation of mechanical properties in molecular crystals is emerging as a novel area of interest in crystal engineering. Indeed, good mechanical properties are required to manufacture pharmaceutical and technologically relevant substances into usable products. In such endeavour, bendable single crystals help to correlate microscopic structure to macroscopic properties for potential design. The hydrate forms of two anticonvulsant zwitterionic drugs, Pregabalin and Gabapentin, are two examples of crystalline materials that show macroscopic plasticity. The direct comparison of these structures with those of their anhydrous counterparts, which are brittle, suggests that the presence of water is critical for plasticity. In contrast, structural features such as molecular packing and anisotropic distribution of strong and weak interactions seem less important.