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1. Multi-Wavelength Observations Of A New Redback Millisecond Pulsar 4FGL J1910.7-5320

Author: Au, Ka-Yui, Strader, Jay, Swihart, Samuel J., Lin, Lupin C. C., Kong, Albert K. H., Takata, Jumpei, Hui, Chung-Yue, Panurach, Teresa, Molina, Isabella, Aydi, Elias, Sokolovsky, Kirill, and Li, Kwan-Lok
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the study of multi-wavelength observations of an unidentified Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) source, 4FGL J1910.7-5320, a new candidate redback millisecond pulsar binary. In the 4FGL 95% error region of 4FGL J1910.7-5320, we find a possible binary with a 8.36-hr orbital period from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS), confirmed by optical spectroscopy using the SOAR telescope. This optical source was recently independently discovered as a redback pulsar by the TRAPUM project, confirming our prediction. We fit the optical spectral energy distributions of 4FGL J1910.7-5320 with a blackbody model, inferring a maximum distance of 4.1 kpc by assuming that the companion fills its Roche-lobe with a radius of R = 0.7R_sun. Using a 12.6 ks Chandra X-ray observation, we identified an X-ray counterpart for 4FGL J1910.7-5320, with a spectrum that can be described by an absorbed power-law with a photon index of 1.0+/-0.4. The spectrally hard X-ray emission shows tentative evidence for orbital variability. Using more than 12 years of Fermi-LAT data, we refined the position of the {\gamma}-ray source, and the optical candidate still lies within the 68% positional error circle. In addition to 4FGL J1910.7-5320, we find a variable optical source with a periodic signal of 4.28-hr inside the 4FGL catalog 95% error region of another unidentified Fermi source, 4FGL J2029.5-4237. However, the {\gamma}-ray source does not have a significant X-ray counterpart in a 11.7 ks Chandra observation, with a 3-{\sigma} flux upper limit of 2.4*10^-14 erg cm^-2 s^-1 (0.3-7 keV). Moreover, the optical source is outside our updated Fermi-LAT 95% error circle. These observational facts all suggest that this new redback millisecond pulsar powers the {\gamma}-ray source 4FGL J1910.7-5320 while 4FGL J2029.5-4237 is unlikely the {\gamma}-ray counterpart to the 4.28-hr variable., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2022
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2. Immunovirological status in people with perinatal and adult-acquired HIV-1 infection: a multi-cohort analysis from France

Author: Aumaitre, H., Froguel, E., Caby, F., Dellion, S., Gerard, L., Lucht, F., Chirouze, C., Dupon, M., Schmit, Jl, Goujard, C., Allegre, T., Cazenave, B., Hittinger, G., De Truchis, P., Cailhol, J., Duvivier, C., Canestri, A., Bouchaud, O., Karmochkine, M., Salmon-Ceron, D., Zucman, D., Mortier, E., Tubiana, R., Girard, P.M., Pintado, C., Cabie, A., Rabier, V., Morlat, P., Neau, D., Genet, C., Makhloufi, D., Ronot, S Bregigeon, Ghosn, J., Reliquet, V., Perré, P., Pellegrin, Jl, Arvieux, C., Cheneau, C., Bernard, L., Delobel, P., Verdon, R., Jacomet, C., Piroth, L., Ajana, F., Bevilacqua, S., Debab, Y., Lecapitaine, A.L., Cotte, L., Mokhtari, S., Mercie, P., Poubeau, P., Garrait, V., Khuong, Ma, Beck-Wirth, G., Blum, L., Blanche, S., Boccara, F., Prazuck, T., Barbuat, C., Viard, J.P., Stegmann-Planchard, S., Martha, B., Treluyer, J.M., Dore, E., Gaud, C., Niault, M., Fernandes, E., Hitoto, H., Compagnucci, A., Elenga, N., Faye, A., Dollfus, C., Chace, A., Levine, M., Martha, S.A., Floch-Tudal, C., Kebaïli, K., Entz-Werle, N., Tricoire, J., Mazingue, F., Bolot, P., Brazille, P., Goetghebuer, T., Gennotte, A.F., Van Der Linden, D., Schmitz, V., Moutschen, M., Crenn-Hebert, C., Habibi, F., Coursol, A., Guesdon, E., Ceccaldi, P.F., Dehlinger – Paul, M., Pannier, E., Marcou, V., Elleau, C., Achkar, M., Vareil, M.O., Couderc, S., Routier, C., Bouldouyre, M.A., Selleret, L., Chabrol, A., Bellahcene, C., Pluchart, C., Yangui, A., Vignes, D., Alissa, A., Johnson, A., Lachassinne, E., Benbara, A., Karaoui, L., Bongain, A., Yakeu, B., Schmit, J.L., Cravello, L., Hubert, C., Faucher, P., Pinquier, D., Borie, C., Rocchi, D., Brunet-Cartier, C., Briandet, C., Brouard, J., Chalvon-Demersay, A., Rajguru, M., Billiemaz, K., Fresard, A., Moulin, A., Fialaire, P., Mesnard, L., Werner, E., Vintejoux, E., Marian, J., Ranaivojaona, S., Bissuel, F., Abdelhadi, M., Hammou, Y., Genet-Villeger, C., Hatchuel, Y., Bachelard, G., Medus, M., Dendale – Nguyen, J., Guimard, T.S., Martha, A., Rouha, M., Perfezou, P., De Saint Martin, L., Jaffuel, S., Buzele, R., Gousseff, M., Cudeville, C., Vitrat, V., Michau, C., Palenzuela, G., Driessen, M., Heller-Roussin, B., Labaune, J.M., Muanza, B., Massardier, J., Partisani, M., Hau, I., Runel-Belliard, C., Brehin, C., Kebaili, K., Lalande, M., Lagree, M., Lacombe, K., Molina, J.-M., Reynes, J., Robineau, O., Raffi, F., Becker, A., Weiss, L., Allègre, T., Pialoux, G., Souala, F., Rami, A., Katlama, C., Cabié, A., Viard, J.-P., Bastides, F., Michel, C., Salmon, D., Lièvre, J-D Le, Sotto, A., Rouveix, E., Naqvi, A., Brégigeon, S., Rodet, R., Simon-Coutelier, A., Esnault, J.-L., Buzelé, R., Stein, A., Godin-Colet, C., Pichancourt, G., Caraux-Paz, P., Zadeh, M Mohseni, Gérard, L., Lascaux-Cametz, C., Bodard, L., Pellegrin, J.-L., Ettahar, N., Uludag, A., Rosenthal, E., Prevoteau du Clary, F., Jaureguiberry, S., Philibert, P., Lecapitaine, A.-L., Chakvetadze, E., Champagne, H., Daneluzzi, V., Goupil de Bouillé, J., Leprêtre, A., Lamaury, I., Darasteanu, I., Abraham, B., Garipuy, D., Berger, J.-L., Schmit, J.-L., Diallo, K., Gourdon, F., Vaillant, O., Gaborieau, V., Doll, J., Quinsat, D., Geffray, L., Girard, J.-J., Houlbert, D., Perronne, V., Klement, E., Antioniotti, O., Rouzioux, C., Avettand-Fenoel, V., Lortholary, O., Boucly, S., Maignan, A., Thiebaut, R., Meyer, L., Boufassa, F., Charles, M.A., Dray-Spira, R., Legeai, C., Amon, V., Benammar, N., Seng, R., Slama, L., Bonnard, P., Chakvetadze, C., L’Yavanc, T., Capeau, J., Vigouroux, C., Fellahi, S., Bastard, J.P., Oksenhendler, E., Bourge, J.F., Bajzik, V., Sereni, D., Lascoux-Combe, C., Taulera, O., Dien, L.V., Delgado, J., Molina, J.M., Saint-Marc, T., Ferret, S., Pavie, J., Bergmann, J.F., Parrinello, M., BLefebvre, Boudraa, C., Diallo, B., Lupin, C., Herson, S., Simon, A., Edeb, N., Guillevin, L., Tahi, T., Pietri, M.P., Tisne-Dessus, D., Jalbert, C., Yeni, P., Matheron, S., Pahlavan, G., Phung, B., El-Alami Talbi, N., Ramani, Z., Catalano, G., Godard, C., Boue, F., Chambrin, V., Bornarel, D., Schoen, H., Carlier, R., Fantin, B., Poder, C., Dhote, R., Bentata, M., Honore, P., Tuyet, Xuan, Delfraissy, J.F., Chaix, F., Rannou, M.T., Levy, Y., Sobel, A., Dumont, C., Abel, S., Pierre-François, S., Beaujolais, V., Poizot-Martin, I., Zaegel-Faucher, O., Debreux, C., Moreau, J., Van Der Gheynst, E., Thiebaut-Drobacheff, M.C., Foltzer, A., Hoen, B., Faucher, J.F., Gil, H., Ragnaud, J.M., Raymond, I., Louis, I., Hessamfar, M., Baillat, V., De Boever, C Merle, Tramoni, C., Soufflet, A., Guadagnin, P., Choutet, P., Mounoury, O., Brosseau, D., Hue, H., May, T., Wassoumbou, S., Stenzel, M., Bouillon, M.P., Yazdanpanah, Y., Huleux, T., Aissi, E., Pavel, S., Rey, D., Fischer, P., Blaison, G., Martinot, M., Pachart, A., Jeanblanc, F., Touraine, J.L., Trepo, C., Miailhes, P., Kouadjo, K., Thoirain, V., Brochier, C., Perre, P., Leautez, S., Esnault, J.L., Suaud, I., Seng, Rémonie, Frange, Pierre, Faye, Albert, Dollfus, Catherine, le Chenadec, Jérôme, Boufassa, Faroudy, Essat, Asma, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Arezes, Elisa, Avettand-Fènoël, Véronique, Bigna, Jean-Joël, Blanche, Stéphane, Goujard, Cécile, Meyer, Laurence, Warszawski, Josiane, and Viard, Jean-Paul
Published: 2024
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3. Investigation of gamma-ray variability and glitches of PSR J1420-6048

Author: Lin, Lupin C. -C., Wang, H. H., Hui, C. Y., Takata, Jumpei, Yeung, Paul K. H., Hu, Chin-Ping, and Kong, Albert K. H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: PSR J1420-6048 is a young gamma-ray pulsar with recurrent glitches. Utilizing long-term monitoring data obtained from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, we found that PSR J1420-6048 has shown gamma-ray flux variation and we also detected four glitches between 2008 and 2019. Two of the glitches are previously unknown, and their gamma-ray spectrum also shows variability between each glitch. Since the results might be contaminated by background sources, we discuss whether the observed changes in flux and spectra were caused by artificial misallocations of photons from a nearby pulsar wind nebula (HESS J1420-607) and a pulsar (PSR J1418-6058), or a change of the emission geometry from the target pulsar itself. We examine the correlation of the flux changes and the alternating pulse structure to investigate whether the emission geometry in the outer magnetosphere was changing. By assuming the observational features were not totally resulted from the background environment, we compare our results with similar phenomena observed in other gamma-ray pulsars and propose that a strong crust crack can cause timing anomaly of a neutron star, which can affect the particle accelerations or pair creation regions resulting in the changes of emission behaviors., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures and 1 table; accepted by MNRAS
Published: 2021
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4. Studying the SGR 1806-20/Cl* 1806-20 region using the \emph{Fermi} Large Area Telescope

Author: Yeung, Paul K. H., Kong, Albert K. H., Tam, P. H. Thomas, Lin, Lupin C. C., Hui, C. Y., Hu, Chin-Ping, and Cheng, K. S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The region around SGR 1806-20 and its host stellar cluster Cl* 1806-20 is a potentially important site of particle acceleration. The soft $\gamma-$ray repeater and Cl* 1806-20, which also contains several very massive stars including a luminous blue variable hypergiant LBV 1806-20, are capable of depositing a large amount of energy to the surroundings. Using the data taken with the \emph{Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT), we identified an extended LAT source to the south-west of Cl* 1806-20. The centroid of the 1-50~GeV emission is consistent with that of HESS J1808-204 (until now unidentified). The LAT spectrum is best-fit by a broken power-law with the break energy $E_\mathrm{b}=297\pm15$ MeV. The index above $E_\mathrm{b}$ is $2.60\pm0.04$, and is consistent with the flux and spectral index above 100 GeV for HESS J1808-204, suggesting an association between the two sources. Meanwhile, the interacting supernova remnant SNR G9.7-0.0 is also a potential contributor to the LAT flux. A tentative flux enhancement at the MeV band during a 45-day interval (2011 Jan 21 - 2011 Mar 7) is also reported. We discuss possible origins of the extended LAT source in the context of both leptonic and hadronic scenarios., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2016
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5. Multiwavelength Observations of a New Redback Millisecond Pulsar 4FGL J1910.7−5320

Author: Ka-Yui Au, Jay Strader, Samuel J. Swihart, Lupin C. C. Lin, Albert K. H. Kong, Jumpei Takata, Chung-Yue Hui, Teresa Panurach, Isabella Molina, Elias Aydi, Kirill Sokolovsky, and Kwan-Lok Li
Subjects: Millisecond pulsars, Gamma-ray sources, Compact binary stars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We present the study of multiwavelength observations of an unidentified Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) source, 4FGL J1910.7−5320, a new candidate redback millisecond pulsar binary. In the 4FGL 95% error region of 4FGL J1910.7−5320, we find a possible binary with a 8.36 hr orbital period from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, confirmed by optical spectroscopy using the SOAR telescope. This optical source was recently independently discovered as a redback pulsar by the TRAPUM project, confirming our prediction. We fit the optical spectral energy distributions of 4FGL J1910.7−5320 with a blackbody model, inferring a maximum distance of 4.1 kpc by assuming that the companion fills its Roche lobe with a radius of R = 0.7 R _☉ . Using a 12.6 ks Chandra X-ray observation, we identified an X-ray counterpart for 4FGL J1910.7−5320, with a spectrum that can be described by an absorbed power law with a photon index of 1.0 ± 0.4. The spectrally hard X-ray emission shows tentative evidence for orbital variability. Using more than 12 yr of Fermi-LAT data, we refined the position of the γ -ray source, and the optical candidate still lies within the 68% positional error circle. In addition to 4FGL J1910.7−5320, we find a variable optical source with a periodic signal of 4.28 hr inside the 4FGL catalog 95% error region of another unidentified Fermi source, 4FGL J2029.5−4237. However, the γ -ray source does not have a significant X-ray counterpart in an 11.7 ks Chandra observation, with a 3 σ flux upper limit of 2.4 × 10 ^−14 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 (0.3–7 keV). Moreover, the optical source is outside our updated Fermi-LAT 95% error circle. These observational facts all suggest that this new redback millisecond pulsar powers the gamma-ray source 4FGL J1910.7−5320 while 4FGL J2029.5−4237 is unlikely the γ -ray counterpart to the 4.28 hr variable.
Published: 2023
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6. Investigation of CTA 1 with Suzaku Observation

Author: Lin, Lupin C. C., Takata, Jumpei, Kong, Albert K. H., Hui, C. Y., Enoto, Teruaki, Chang, H. K., Huang, Regina H. H., Liang, J. S., Shibata, Shinpei, and Hwang, C. Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report on an 105 ks Suzaku observation of the supernova remnant CTA 1 (G119.5+10.2). The Suzaku soft X-ray observation was carried out with both timing mode and imaging mode. A ~ 10' extended feature, which is interpreted as a bow-shock component of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN), is revealed in this deep observation for the first time. The nebular spectrum can be modelled by a power-law with a photon index of ~ 1.8 which suggests a slow synchrotron cooling scenario. The photon index is approximately constant across this extended feature. We compare and discuss our observations of this complex nebula with previous X-ray investigations. We do not obtain any significant pulsation from the central pulsar in the soft (0.2-12 keV) and hard (10-60 keV) X-ray data. The non-detection is mainly due to the loss of the precise imaging ability to accurately determine the source contribution. The spectra of XIS and HXD can be directly connected without a significant spectral break according to our analysis. Future observations of NuSTAR and Astro-H would be able to resolve the contamination and provide an accurate hard X-ray measurement of CTA 1., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Published: 2012
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7. Evidence for gamma-ray emission from the low-mass X-ray binary system FIRST J102347.6+003841

Author: Tam, P. H. Thomas, Hui, Chung-Yue, Huang, Regina H. H., Kong, Albert K. H., Takata, Jumpei, Lin, Lupin C. C., Yang, Y. J., Cheng, K. S., and Taam, Ronald E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) system FIRST J102347.6+003841 hosts a newly born millisecond pulsar (MSP) PSR J1023+0038 that was revealed as the first and only known rotation-powered MSP in a quiescent LMXB. While the system is shown to have an accretion disk before 2002, it remains unclear how the accretion disk has been removed in order to reveal the radio pulsation in 2007. In this Letter, we report the discovery of gamma-rays spatially consistent with FIRST J102347.6+003841, at a significance of 7 standard deviations, using data obtained by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The gamma-ray spectrum can be described by a power law (PL) with a photon index of 2.9+-0.2, resulting in an energy flux above 200 MeV of (5.5+-0.9)x10^{-12} erg cm^{-2}s^{-1}. The gamma-rays likely originate from the MSP PSR J1023+0038, but also possibly from an intrabinary shock between the pulsar and its companion star. To complement the gamma-ray study, we also re-investigate the XMM-Newton data taken in 2004 and 2008. Our X-ray spectral analysis suggests that a broken PL with two distinct photon indices describes the X-ray data significantly better than a single PL. This indicates that there exists two components and that both components appear to vary with the orbital phase. The evidence for gamma-ray emission conforms with a recent suggestion that gamma-rays from PSR J1023+0038 may be responsible for ejecting the disk material out of the system., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, ApJ Letters, in press; corrections made for the gamma flux values
Published: 2010
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8. Detection of an X-ray Pulsation for the Gamma-ray Pulsar Centered in CTA 1

Author: Lin, Lupin C. C., Huang, Regina H. H., Takata, Jumpei, Hwang, Chorng-Yuan, Kong, Albert K. H., and Hui, Chung-Yue
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report the detection of X-ray pulsations with a period of ~315.87 ms from the 2009 XMM-Newton observation for the radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar, LAT PSR J0007+7303, centered in the supernova remnant CTA 1. The detected pulsed period is consistent with the gamma-ray periodicity at the same epoch found with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The broader sinusoidal structure in the folded light curve of the X-ray emission is dissimilar to that of the gamma-ray emission, and the phase of the peak is about 0.5 shifting from the peak in the gamma-ray bands, indicating that the main component of the X-rays originates from different sites of the pulsar. We conclude that the main component of the X-ray pulsation is contributed by the thermal emission from the neutron star. Although with a significantly different characteristic age, PSR~J0007+7303 is similar to Geminga in emission properties of X-rays and gamma-rays; this makes PSR J0007+7303 the second radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar with detected X-ray pulsations after Geminga., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures and 1 table; accepted by ApJL
Published: 2010
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9. First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way

Author: null Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, Kazunori Akiyama, Antxon Alberdi, Walter Alef, Juan Carlos Algaba, Richard Anantua, Keiichi Asada, Rebecca Azulay, Uwe Bach, Anne-Kathrin Baczko, David Ball, Mislav Baloković, John Barrett, Michi Bauböck, Bradford A. Benson, Dan Bintley, Lindy Blackburn, Raymond Blundell, Katherine L. Bouman, Geoffrey C. Bower, Hope Boyce, Michael Bremer, Christiaan D. Brinkerink, Roger Brissenden, Silke Britzen, Avery E. Broderick, Dominique Broguiere, Thomas Bronzwaer, Sandra Bustamante, Do-Young Byun, John E. Carlstrom, Chiara Ceccobello, Andrew Chael, Chi-kwan Chan, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chatterjee, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Chen, Xiaopeng Cheng, Ilje Cho, Pierre Christian, Nicholas S. Conroy, John E. Conway, James M. Cordes, Thomas M. Crawford, Geoffrey B. Crew, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Yuzhu Cui, Jordy Davelaar, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Roger Deane, Jessica Dempsey, Gregory Desvignes, Jason Dexter, Vedant Dhruv, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Sean Dougal, Sergio A. Dzib, Ralph P. Eatough, Razieh Emami, Heino Falcke, Joseph Farah, Vincent L. Fish, Ed Fomalont, H. Alyson Ford, Raquel Fraga-Encinas, William T. Freeman, Per Friberg, Christian M. Fromm, Antonio Fuentes, Peter Galison, Charles F. Gammie, Roberto García, Olivier Gentaz, Boris Georgiev, Ciriaco Goddi, Roman Gold, Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz, José L. Gómez, Minfeng Gu, Mark Gurwell, Kazuhiro Hada, Daryl Haggard, Kari Haworth, Michael H. Hecht, Ronald Hesper, Dirk Heumann, Luis C. Ho, Paul Ho, Mareki Honma, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Huang, David H. Hughes, Shiro Ikeda, C. M. Violette Impellizzeri, Makoto Inoue, Sara Issaoun, David J. James, Buell T. Jannuzi, Michael Janssen, Britton Jeter, Wu Jiang, Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales, Michael D. Johnson, Svetlana Jorstad, Abhishek V. Joshi, Taehyun Jung, Mansour Karami, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Tomohisa Kawashima, Garrett K. Keating, Mark Kettenis, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kim, Motoki Kino, Jun Yi Koay, Prashant Kocherlakota, Yutaro Kofuji, Patrick M. Koch, Shoko Koyama, Carsten Kramer, Michael Kramer, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Noemi La Bella, Tod R. Lauer, Daeyoung Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Po Kin Leung, Aviad Levis, Zhiyuan Li, Rocco Lico, Greg Lindahl, Michael Lindqvist, Mikhail Lisakov, Jun Liu, Kuo Liu, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Wen-Ping Lo, Andrei P. Lobanov, Laurent Loinard, Colin J. Lonsdale, Ru-Sen Lu, Jirong Mao, Nicola Marchili, Sera Markoff, Daniel P. Marrone, Alan P. Marscher, Iván Martí-Vidal, Satoki Matsushita, Lynn D. Matthews, Lia Medeiros, Karl M. Menten, Daniel Michalik, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Mizuno, James M. Moran, Kotaro Moriyama, Monika Moscibrodzka, Cornelia Müller, Alejandro Mus, Gibwa Musoke, Ioannis Myserlis, Andrew Nadolski, Hiroshi Nagai, Neil M. Nagar, Masanori Nakamura, Ramesh Narayan, Gopal Narayanan, Iniyan Natarajan, Antonios Nathanail, Santiago Navarro Fuentes, Joey Neilsen, Roberto Neri, Chunchong Ni, Aristeidis Noutsos, Michael A. Nowak, Junghwan Oh, Hiroki Okino, Héctor Olivares, Gisela N. Ortiz-León, Tomoaki Oyama, Feryal Özel, Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Georgios Filippos Paraschos, Jongho Park, Harriet Parsons, Nimesh Patel, Ue-Li Pen, Dominic W. Pesce, Vincent Piétu, Richard Plambeck, Aleksandar PopStefanija, Oliver Porth, Felix M. Pötzl, Ben Prather, Jorge A. Preciado-López, Dimitrios Psaltis, Hung-Yi Pu, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Ramprasad Rao, Mark G. Rawlings, Alexander W. Raymond, Luciano Rezzolla, Angelo Ricarte, Bart Ripperda, Freek Roelofs, Alan Rogers, Eduardo Ros, Cristina Romero-Cañizales, Arash Roshanineshat, Helge Rottmann, Alan L. Roy, Ignacio Ruiz, Chet Ruszczyk, Kazi L. J. Rygl, Salvador Sánchez, David Sánchez-Argüelles, Miguel Sánchez-Portal, Mahito Sasada, Kaushik Satapathy, Tuomas Savolainen, F. Peter Schloerb, Jonathan Schonfeld, Karl-Friedrich Schuster, Lijing Shao, Zhiqiang Shen, Des Small, Bong Won Sohn, Jason SooHoo, Kamal Souccar, He Sun, Fumie Tazaki, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Paul Tiede, Remo P. J. Tilanus, Michael Titus, Pablo Torne, Efthalia Traianou, Tyler Trent, Sascha Trippe, Matthew Turk, Ilse van Bemmel, Huib Jan van Langevelde, Daniel R. van Rossum, Jesse Vos, Jan Wagner, Derek Ward-Thompson, John Wardle, Jonathan Weintroub, Norbert Wex, Robert Wharton, Maciek Wielgus, Kaj Wiik, Gunther Witzel, Michael F. Wondrak, George N. Wong, Qingwen Wu, Paul Yamaguchi, Doosoo Yoon, André Young, Ken Young, Ziri Younsi, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Yuan, J. Anton Zensus, Shuo Zhang, Guang-Yao Zhao, Shan-Shan Zhao, Claudio Agurto, Alexander Allardi, Rodrigo Amestica, Juan Pablo Araneda, Oriel Arriagada, Jennie L. Berghuis, Alessandra Bertarini, Ryan Berthold, Jay Blanchard, Ken Brown, Mauricio Cárdenas, Michael Cantzler, Patricio Caro, Edgar Castillo-Domínguez, Tin Lok Chan, Chih-Cheng Chang, Dominic O. Chang, Shu-Hao Chang, Song-Chu Chang, Chung-Chen Chen, Ryan Chilson, Tim C. Chuter, Miroslaw Ciechanowicz, Edgar Colin-Beltran, Iain M. Coulson, Joseph Crowley, Nathalie Degenaar, Sven Dornbusch, Carlos A. Durán, Wendeline B. Everett, Aaron Faber, Karl Forster, Miriam M. Fuchs, David M. Gale, Gertie Geertsema, Edouard González, Dave Graham, Frédéric Gueth, Nils W. Halverson, Chih-Chiang Han, Kuo-Chang Han, Yutaka Hasegawa, José Luis Hernández-Rebollar, Cristian Herrera, Ruben Herrero-Illana, Stefan Heyminck, Akihiko Hirota, James Hoge, Shelbi R. Hostler Schimpf, Ryan E. Howie, Yau-De Huang, Homin Jiang, Hao Jinchi, David John, Kimihiro Kimura, Thomas Klein, Derek Kubo, John Kuroda, Caleb Kwon, Richard Lacasse, Robert Laing, Erik M. Leitch, Chao-Te Li, Ching-Tang Liu, Kuan-Yu Liu, Lupin C.-C. 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[0000-0001-6952-2147], Wu, Qingwen [0000-0003-4773-4987], Yamaguchi, Paul [0000-0002-6017-8199], Yoon, Doosoo [0000-0001-8694-8166], Young, André [0000-0003-0000-2682], Young, Ken [0000-0002-3666-4920], Younsi, Ziri [0000-0001-9283-1191], Yuan, Feng [0000-0003-3564-6437], Yuan, Ye-Fei [0000-0002-7330-4756], Zensus, J. Anton [0000-0001-7470-3321], Zhang, Shuo [0000-0002-2967-790X], Zhao, Guang-Yao [0000-0002-4417-1659], Zhao, Shan-Shan [0000-0002-9774-3606], Berghuis, Jennie L. [0000-0003-2287-158X], Blanchard, Jay [0000-0002-2756-395X], Chan, Tin Lok [0000-0001-9197-932X], Coulson, Iain M. [0000-0002-7316-4626], Degenaar, Nathalie [0000-0002-0092-3548], Durán, Carlos A. [0000-0001-7622-3890], Everett, Wendeline B. [0000-0002-5370-6651], Forster, Karl [0000-0001-5800-5531], Halverson, Nils W. [0000-0003-2606-9340], Herrero-Illana, Ruben [0000-0002-7758-8717], Hirota, Akihiko [0000-0002-0465-5421], Howie, Ryan E. [0000-0002-5451-3624], Kwon, Caleb [0000-0001-9006-7345], Laing, Robert [0000-0001-6786-3087], Leitch, Erik M. [0000-0001-8553-9336], Lin, Lupin C.-C. [0000-0003-4083-9567], Maute, John K. [0000-0002-5744-4249], Messias, Hugo [0000-0002-2985-7994], Montenegro-Montes, Francisco [0000-0002-7430-3771], Muders, Dirk [0000-0002-2315-2571], Pérez-Beaupuits, Juan Pablo [0000-0003-3536-2274], Poirier, Michael [0000-0001-6641-0959], Qiu, Richard [0000-0003-3462-0817], Rahlin, Alexandra S. [0000-0003-3953-1776], Ressler, Sean [0000-0003-0220-5723], Reynolds, Mark [0000-0003-1621-9392], Saez-Madain, Alejandro F. [0000-0002-0804-3414], Sousa, Don [0000-0002-2625-2607], Stark, Anthony A. [0000-0002-2718-9996], White, Chris [0000-0001-7448-4253], Wijnands, Rudy [0000-0002-3516-2152], Wouterloot, Jan G. A. [0000-0002-4694-6905], Yu (于威), Wei [0000-0002-5168-6052], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, European Research Council, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Astronomy, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Science Support Office, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Black holes, F520, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, F521, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Heterodyne interferometry, Galactic center, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Space and Planetary Science, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Kerr black holes, Rotating black holes, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Mathematics
Abstract: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Full list of authors: Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Balokovic, Mislav; Barrett, John; Baubock, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Dhruv, Vedant; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dougal, Sean; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; Garcia, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I; Gomez, Jose L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Joshi, Abhishek, V; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Daeyoung; Lee, Sang-Sung; Leung, Po Kin; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Marti-Vidal, Ivan; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Muller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Hector; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Pietu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Potzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Canizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sanchez, Salvador; Sanchez-Arguelles, David; Sanchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, Andre; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhang, Shuo; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan; Ozel, Feryal; Agurto, Claudio; Allardi, Alexander; Amestica, Rodrigo; Araneda, Juan Pablo; Arriagada, Oriel; Berghuis, Jennie L.; Bertarini, Alessandra; Berthold, Ryan; Blanchard, Jay; Brown, Ken; Cardenas, Mauricio; Cantzler, Michael; Caro, Patricio; Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar; Chan, Tin Lok; Chang, Chih-Cheng; Chang, Dominic O.; Chang, Shu-Hao; Chang, Song-Chu; Chen, Chung-Chen; Chilson, Ryan; Chuter, Tim C.; Ciechanowicz, Miroslaw; Colin-Beltran, Edgar; Coulson, Iain M.; Crowley, Joseph; Degenaar, Nathalie; Dornbusch, Sven; Duran, Carlos A.; Everett, Wendeline B.; Faber, Aaron; Forster, Karl; Fuchs, Miriam M.; Gale, David M.; Geertsema, Gertie; Gonzalez, Edouard; Graham, Dave; Gueth, Frederic; Halverson, Nils W.; Han, Chih-Chiang; Han, Kuo-Chang; Hasegawa, Yutaka; Hernandez-Rebollar, Jose Luis; Herrera, Cristian; Herrero-Illana, Ruben; Heyminck, Stefan; Hirota, Akihiko; Hoge, James; Schimpf, Shelbi R. Hostler; Howie, Ryan E.; Huang, Yau-De; Jiang, Homin; Jinchi, Hao; John, David; Kimura, Kimihiro; Klein, Thomas; Kubo, Derek; Kuroda, John; Kwon, Caleb; Lacasse, Richard; Laing, Robert; Leitch, Erik M.; Li, Chao-Te; Liu, Ching-Tang; Liu, Kuan-Yu; Lin, Lupin C-C; Lu, Li-Ming; Mac-Auliffe, Felipe; Martin-Cocher, Pierre; Matulonis, Callie; Maute, John K.; Messias, Hugo; Meyer-Zhao, Zheng; Montana, Alfredo; Montenegro-Montes, Francisco; Montgomerie, William; Nolasco, Marcos Emir Moreno; Muders, Dirk; Nishioka, Hiroaki; Norton, Timothy J.; Nystrom, George; Ogawa, Hideo; Olivares, Rodrigo; Oshiro, Peter; Perez-Beaupuits, Juan Pablo; Parra, Rodrigo; Phillips, Neil M.; Poirier, Michael; Pradel, Nicolas; Qiu, Richard; Raffin, Philippe A.; Rahlin, Alexandra S.; Ramirez, Jorge; Ressler, Sean; Reynolds, Mark; Rodriguez-Montoya, Ivan; Saez-Madain, Alejandro F.; Santana, Jorge; Shaw, Paul; Shirkey, Leslie E., Jr.; Silva, Kevin M.; Snow, William; Sousa, Don; Sridharan, T. K.; Stahm, William; Stark, Anthony A.; Test, John; Torstensson, Karl; Venegas, Paulina; Walther, Craig; Wei, Ta-Shun; White, Chris; Wieching, Gundolf; Wijnands, Rudy; Wouterloot, Jan G. A.; Yu, Chen-Yu; Yu, Wei; Zeballos, Milagros; Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration., We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of λ = 1.3 mm. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of 51.8 ± 2.3 μas (68% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A* are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass ∼4 × 106 M⊙, which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits, as well as maser proper-motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination (i > 50°), as well as nonspinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of 103–105 gravitational radii to event-horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87* shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society., The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration thanks the following organizations and programs: the Academia Sinica; the Academy of Finland (projects 274477, 284495, 312496, 315721); the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile via NCN19_058 (TITANs) and Fondecyt 1221421, the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung; an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Allegro, the European ALMA Regional Centre node in the Netherlands, the NL astronomy research network NOVA and the astronomy institutes of the University of Amsterdam, Leiden University and Radboud University; the ALMA North America Development Fund; the Black Hole Initiative, which is funded by grants from the John Templeton Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (although the opinions expressed in this work are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of these Foundations); Chandra DD7-18089X and TM6-17006X; the China Scholarship Council; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation fellowship (2020M671266); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, Mexico, projects U0004-246083, U0004-259839, F0003-272050, M0037-279006, F0003-281692, 104497, 275201, 263356); the Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad of the Junta de Andalucía (grant P18-FR-1769), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (grant 2019AEP112); the Delaney Family via the Delaney Family John A. Wheeler Chair at Perimeter Institute; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM, projects IN112417 and IN112820); the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award (grant 639.043.513) and grant OCENW.KLEIN.113; the Dutch National Supercomputers, Cartesius and Snellius (NWO Grant 2021.013); the EACOA Fellowship awarded by the East Asia Core Observatories Association, which consists of the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Center for Astronomical Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; the European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant "BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes" (grant 610058); the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements RadioNet (No 730562) and M2FINDERS (No 101018682); the Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant APOSTD/2018/177 and GenT Program (project CIDEGENT/2018/021); MICINN Research Project PID2019-108995GB-C22; the European Research Council for advanced grant "JETSET: Launching, propagation and emission of relativistic jets from binary mergers and across mass scales" (Grant No. 884631); the Institute for Advanced Study; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Napoli, iniziative specifiche TEONGRAV; the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne; DFG research grant "Jet physics on horizon scales and beyond" (Grant No. FR 4069/2-1); Joint Princeton/Flatiron and Joint Columbia/Flatiron Postdoctoral Fellowships, research at the Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation; the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT; grant JPMXP1020200109); the Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellowship (JP17J08829); the Joint Institute for Computational Fundamental Science, Japan; the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, grants QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, QYZDJSSW-SYS008, ZDBS-LY-SLH011); the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship; the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG); the Max Planck Partner Group of the MPG and the CAS; the MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI (grants 18KK0090, JP21H01137, JP18H03721, JP18K13594, 18K03709, JP19K14761, 18H01245, 25120007); the Malaysian Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) FRGS/1/2019/STG02/UM/02/6; the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds; the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (103-2119-M-001-010-MY2, 105-2112-M-001-025-MY3, 105-2119-M-001-042, 106-2112-M-001-011, 106-2119-M-001-013, 106-2119-M-001-027, 106-2923-M-001-005, 107-2119-M-001-017, 107-2119-M-001-020, 107-2119-M-001-041, 107-2119-M-110-005, 107-2923-M-001-009, 108-2112-M-001-048, 108-2112-M-001-051, 108-2923-M-001-002, 109-2112-M-001-025, 109-2124-M-001-005, 109-2923-M-001-001, 110-2112-M-003-007-MY2, 110-2112-M-001-033, 110-2124-M-001-007, and 110-2923-M-001-001); the Ministry of Education (MoE) of Taiwan Yushan Young Scholar Program; the Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences of Taiwan; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant 80NSSC20K1567, NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant 80NSSC20K0527, NASA NuSTAR award 80NSSC20K0645); NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51431.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555; the National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan; the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant 2016YFA0400704, 2017YFA0402703, 2016YFA0400702); the National Science Foundation (NSF, grants AST-0096454, AST-0352953, AST-0521233, AST-0705062, AST-0905844, AST-0922984, AST-1126433, AST-1140030, DGE-1144085, AST-1207704, AST-1207730, AST-1207752, MRI-1228509, OPP-1248097, AST-1310896, AST-1440254, AST-1555365, AST-1614868, AST-1615796, AST-1715061, AST-1716327, AST-1716536, OISE-1743747, AST-1816420, AST-1935980, AST-2034306); NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship (AST-1903847); the Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 11650110427, 10625314, 11721303, 11725312, 11873028, 11933007, 11991052, 11991053, 12192220, 12192223); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, including a Discovery Grant and the NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program); the National Youth Thousand Talents Program of China; the National Research Foundation of Korea (the Global PhD Fellowship Grant: grants NRF-2015H1A2A1033752, the Korea Research Fellowship Program: NRF-2015H1D3A1066561, Brain Pool Program: 2019H1D3A1A01102564, Basic Research Support Grant 2019R1F1A1059721, 2021R1A6A3A01086420, 2022R1C1C1005255); Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) Virtual Institute of Accretion (VIA) postdoctoral fellowships; Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) national infrastructure, for the provisioning of its facilities/observational support (OSO receives funding through the Swedish Research Council under grant 2017-00648); the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science); the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grants PGC2018-098915-B-C21, AYA2016-80889-P, PID2019-108995GB-C21, PID2020-117404GB-C21); the University of Pretoria for financial aid in the provision of the new Cluster Server nodes and SuperMicro (USA) for a SEEDING GRANT approved towards these nodes in 2020; the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Branch (JCYJ-SHFY-2021-013); the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017- 0709); the Spinoza Prize SPI 78-409; the South African Research Chairs Initiative, through the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO, grant ID 77948), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa; the Toray Science Foundation; Swedish Research Council (VR); the US Department of Energy (USDOE) through the Los Alamos National Laboratory (operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE (Contract 89233218CNA000001); and the YCAA Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship. APEX is a collaboration between the Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (Germany), ESO, and the Onsala Space Observatory (Sweden). The SMA is a joint project between the SAO and ASIAA and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The JCMT is operated by the East Asian Observatory on behalf of the NAOJ, ASIAA, and KASI, as well as the Ministry of Finance of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2017YFA0402700) of China and Natural Science Foundation of China grant 11873028. Additional funding support for the JCMT is provided by the Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) and participating universities in the UK and Canada. The LMT is a project operated by the Instituto Nacional de Astrófisica, Óptica, y Electrónica (Mexico) and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (USA). The IRAM 30-m telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain is operated by IRAM and supported by CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France), MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany) and IGN (Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Spain). The SMT is operated by the Arizona Radio Observatory, a part of the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona, with financial support of operations from the State of Arizona and financial support for instrumentation development from the NSF. Support for SPT participation in the EHT is provided by the National Science Foundation through award OPP-1852617 to the University of Chicago. Partial support is also provided by the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. The SPT hydrogen maser was provided on loan from the GLT, courtesy of ASIAA. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant ACI-1548562, and CyVerse, supported by NSF grants DBI-0735191, DBI-1265383, and DBI-1743442. XSEDE Stampede2 resource at TACC was allocated through TG-AST170024 and TG-AST080026N. XSEDE JetStream resource at PTI and TACC was allocated through AST170028. This research is part of the Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center through the Frontera Large-Scale Community Partnerships allocation AST20023. Frontera is made possible by National Science Foundation award OAC-1818253. This research was carried out using resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Additional work used ABACUS2.0, which is part of the eScience center at Southern Denmark University. Simulations were also performed on the SuperMUC cluster at the LRZ in Garching, on the LOEWE cluster in CSC in Frankfurt, on the HazelHen cluster at the HLRS in Stuttgart, and on the Pi2.0 and Siyuan Mark-I at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The computer resources of the Finnish IT Center for Science (CSC) and the Finnish Computing Competence Infrastructure (FCCI) project are acknowledged. This research was enabled in part by support provided by Compute Ontario (http://computeontario.ca), Calcul Quebec (http://www.calculquebec.ca) and Compute Canada (http://www.computecanada.ca).
Published: 2022

10. Multiwavelength Observations of a New Redback Millisecond Pulsar 4FGL J1910.7−5320

Author: Au, Ka-Yui, primary, Strader, Jay, additional, Swihart, Samuel J., additional, Lin, Lupin C. C., additional, Kong, Albert K. H., additional, Takata, Jumpei, additional, Hui, Chung-Yue, additional, Panurach, Teresa, additional, Molina, Isabella, additional, Aydi, Elias, additional, Sokolovsky, Kirill, additional, and Li, Kwan-Lok, additional
Published: 2023
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11. Daily cannabis and reduced risk of steatosis in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus‐co‐infected patients (ANRS CO13‐HEPAVIH)

Author: Nordmann, S., Vilotitch, A., Roux, P., Esterle, L., Spire, B., Marcellin, F., Salmon‐Ceron, D., Dabis, F., Chas, J., Rey, D., Wittkop, L., Sogni, P., Carrieri, P., Salmon, D, Trimoulet, P, Izopet, J, Serfaty, L, Paradis, V, Valantin, M.A., Pialoux, G, Poizot‐Martin, I, Barange, K, Naqvi, A, Rosenthal, E, Bicart‐See, A, Bouchaud, O, Gervais, A, Lascoux‐Combe, C, Goujard, C, Lacombe, K, Duvivier, C, Vittecoq, D, Neau, D, Morlat, P, Bani‐Sadr, F, Meyer, L, Boufassa, F, Dominguez, S, Autran, B, Roque, A.M., Solas, C, Fontaine, H, Costagliola, D, Piroth, L, Simon, A, Zucman, D, Boué, F, Miailhes, P, Billaud, E, Aumaître, H, Couffin‐Cadiergues, S, Marchand, L, Salmon, D, Alagna, L, Sogni, P, Terris, B, Krivine, A, Katlama, C, Valantin, M.A., Stitou, H, Benhamou, Y, Charlotte, F, Fourati, S, Simon, A, Cacoub, P, Nafissa, S, Poizot‐Martin, I, Zaegel, O, Porcher, M, Tamalet, C, Pialoux, G, Chas, J, Slama, L, Callard, P, Bendjaballah, F, Le Pendeven, C, Marchou, B, Alric, L, Barange, K, Metivier, S, Selves, J, Larroquette, F, Rosenthal, E, Haudebourg, J, Saint‐Paul, M.C., Partouche, C, Bouchaud, O, Ziol, M, Baazia, Y, Uzan, M, Bicart‐See, A, Garipuy, D, Ferro‐Collados, M.J, Selves, J, Nicot, F, Gervais, A, Yazdanpanah, Y, Adle‐Biassette, H, Alexandre, G, Lascoux‐Combe, C, Molina, J.M, Bertheau, P, Duclos, J, Palmer, P, Lacombe, K, Campa, P, Girard, P.M, Wendum, D, Cervera, P, Adam, J, Viala, C, Goujard, C, Pallier, C, Vittecoq, D, Lortholary, O, Duvivier, C, Shoai‐Tehrani, M, Mélard, A, Neau, D, Ochoa, A, Blanchard, E, Castet‐Lafarie, S, Cazanave, C, Malvy, D, Dupon, M, Dutronc, H, Dauchy, F, Lacaze‐Buzy, L, Bioulac‐Sage, P, Trimoulet, P, Reigadas, S, Morlat, P, Lacoste, D, Bonnet, F, Bernard, N, Bonarek Hessamfar, M, Roger‐Schmeltz, J, Gellie, P, Thibaut, P, Paccalin, F, Martell, C, Carmen Pertusa, M, Vandenhende, M, Mercier, P, Malvy, D, Pistone, T, Receveur, M.C, Caldato, S, Bioulac‐Sage, P, Trimoulet, P, Reigadas, S, Pellegrin, J.L, Viallard, J.F, Lazzaro, E, Greib, C, Bioulac‐Sage, P, Trimoulet, P, Reigadas, S, Zucman, D, Majerholc, C, Guitard, F, Boué, F, Polo Devoto, J, Kansau, I, Chambrin, V, Pignon, C, Berroukeche, L, Fior, R, Martinez, V, Deback, C, Lévy, Y, Dominguez, S, Lelièvre, J.D, Lascaux, A.S, Melica, G, Billaud, E, Raffi, F, Alavena, C, Rodallec, A, Miailhes, P, Peyramond, D, Chidiac, C, Ader, F, Biron, F, Boibieux, A, Cotte, L, Ferry, T, Perpoint, T, Koffi, J, Zoulim, F, Bailly, F, Lack, P, Maynard, M, Radenne, S, Amiri, M, Le‐Thi, T.T, Piroth, L, Chavanet, P, Duong Van Huyen, M, Buisson, M, Waldner‐Combernoux, A, Mahy, S, Binois, R, Simonet‐Lann, A.L, Croisier‐Bertin, D, Aumaître, H, Bani‐Sadr, F, Lambert, D, Nguen, Y, Rouger, C, Berger, J.L, Partrisiani, M, Gautner, P, Batard, M.L, Beniken, D, Lupin, C, Lions, C, Ritleng, A.‐S, Honoré, P, Payssan, V, Breau, S, Joulie, A, Mole, M, Bolliot, C, Touam, F, André, F, Hue, H, Larmet, L, Brochier, C, Thoirain, V, Raho‐Moussa, M, Ogoudjobi, S, Azar, M, Bornarel, D, Gohier, S, Chesnel, C, Maradan, G, Kurkdji, P, Hadjoudj, S, Malet, M, Kmiec, I, Fischer, P, Palacin, A, Pietri, M.P, Le Baut, V, Guet, P, Le Puil, S, Mebarki, M, Fior, A, Adda‐Lievin, A, Conte, V, Delaune, J, Dequae Merchadou, L, Douiri, N, Gillet, S, Gilbert, C, Jacquet, A, Kherraz, R, Lagorse, P, Mora, M, Protopopescu, C, and Rosellini, S
Published: 2018
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12. Periodicity Search in the X-Ray Data of RX J0007.0+7302

Author: Lin, Lupin C.-C., Chang, Hsiang-Kuang, Cheng, K.S., editor, and Romero, G.E., editor
Published: 2005
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13. Human immunodeficiency virus continuum of care in 11 european union countries at the end of 2016 overall and by key population: Have we made progress?

Author: Vourli, G, Noori, T, Pharris, A, Porter, K, Axelsson, M, Begovac, J, Cazein, F, Costagliola, D, Cowan, S, Croxford, S, Monforte, A, Delpech, V, Diaz, A, Girardi, E, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B, Hernando, V, Leierer, G, Lot, F, Nunez, O, Obel, N, Op de Coul, E, Paraskeva, D, Patrinos, S, Reiss, P, Schmid, D, Sonnerborg, A, Suligoi, B, Supervie, V, van Sighem, A, Zangerle, R, Touloumi, G, Egle, A, Kanatschnig, M, Ollinger, A, Rieger, A, Schmied, B, Wallner, E, Dewasurendra, D, Gisinger, M, Kitchen, M, Plattner, A, Rieser, E, Sarcletti, M, Greil, R, Schachner, M, Skocic, M, Muller, M, Aichwalder, R, Chromy, D, Grabmeier-Pfstershammer, K, Skoll, M, Touzeau, V, Cichon, P, Wolf-Nussmuller, S, Laferl, H, Zoufaly, A, Genger-Hackl, C, Kapper, A, Schneeberger, T, Trattner, E, Schober, G, Atzl, M, Hartmann, B, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Berg, J, Appoyer, H, Rappold, M, Strickner, S, Schindelwig, K, Ledergerber, B, Fatkenheuer, G, Gerstof, J, Kronborg, G, Pedersen, C, Larsen, C, Pedersen, G, Mohey, R, Nielsen, L, Weise, L, Kvinesdal, B, Jensen, J, Abgrall, S, Bernard, L, Billaud, E, Boue, F, Boyer, L, Cabie, A, Caby, F, Canestri, A, Cotte, L, de Truchis, P, Duval, X, Duvivier, C, Enel, P, Fischer, H, Gasnault, J, Gaud, C, Grabar, S, Khuong-Josses, M, Launay, O, Marchand, L, Mary-Krause, M, Matheron, S, Melica-Gregoire, G, Melliez, H, Meynard, J, Nacher, M, Pavie, J, Piroth, L, Poizot-Martin, I, Pradier, C, Reynes, J, Rouveix, E, Simon, A, Slama, L, Tattevin, P, Tissot-Dupont, H, Biga, J, Kurth, T, Jacquemet, N, Guiguet, M, Leclercq, S, Lievre, L, Marshall, E, Roul, H, Selinger-Leneman, H, Potard, V, Benveniste, O, Breton, G, Lupin, C, Bourzam, E, Girard, P, Fonquernie, L, Valin, N, Lefebvre, B, Sebire, M, Pialoux, G, Lebrette, M, Tibaut, P, Adda, A, Hamidi, M, Cadranel, J, Lavole, A, Parrot, A, Bouchaud, O, Vignier, N, Mechai, F, Makhlouf, S, Honore, P, Bergmann, J, Delcey, V, Lopes, A, Sellier, P, Parrinello, M, Oksenhendler, E, Gerard, L, Molina, J, Rozenbaum, W, Denis, B, De Castro, N, Lascoux, C, Yazdanpanah, Y, Lariven, S, Joly, V, Rioux, C, Poupard, M, Taverne, B, Sutton, L, Masse, V, Genet, P, Wifaq, B, Gerbe, J, Grefe, S, Dupont, C, Freire Maresca, A, Reimann, E, Bloch, M, Meier, F, Mortier, E, Zeng, F, Montoya, B, Perronne, C, Mathez, D, Marigot-Outtandy, D, Berthe, H, Greder Belan, A, Terby, A, Godin Collet, C, Marque Juillet, S, Ruquet, M, Roussin-Bretagne, S, Colardelle, P, Granier, F, Laurichesse, J, Perronne, V, Akpan, T, Marcou, M, Daneluzzi, V, Veyssier-Belot, C, Masson, H, Welker, Y, Brazille, P, Kahn, J, Zucman, D, Majerholc, C, Fourn, E, Bornarel, D, Chambrin, V, Kansau, I, Raho-Moussa, M, Lelievre, J, Saidani, M, Chesnel, C, Dumont, C, Vittecoq, D, Derradji, O, Bolliot, C, Goujard, C, Teicher, E, Mole, M, Bourdic, K, Salmon, D, Le Jeunne, C, Guet, P, Pietri, M, Pannier Metzger, E, Marcou, V, Loulergue, P, Dupin, N, Morini, J, Deleuze, J, Gerhardt, P, Chanal, J, Weiss, L, Lucas, M, Jung, C, Ptak, M, Viard, J, Ghosn, J, Gazalet, P, Cros, A, Maignan, A, Lortholary, O, Rouzaud, C, Touam, F, Benhadj, K, Consigny, P, Bossi, P, Gergely, A, Cessot, G, Durand, F, Beck-Wirth, G, Michel, C, Benomar, M, Rey, D, Partisani, M, Cheneau, C, Batard, M, Fischer, P, Leclercq, P, Blanc, M, Morand, P, Epaulard, O, Signori-Schmuck, A, Laurichesse, H, Jacomet, C, Vidal, M, Coban, D, Casanova, S, Fresard, A, Guglielminotti, C, Botelho-Nevers, E, Brunon-Gagneux, A, Ronat, V, Verdon, R, Dargere, S, Haustraete, E, Feret, P, Goubin, P, Chavanet, P, Fillion, A, Croisier, D, Gohier, S, Arvieux, C, Souala, F, Chapplain, J, Ratajczak, M, Rohan, J, Faller, J, Ruyer, O, Gendrin, V, Toko, L, Chirouze, C, Hustache-Mathieu, L, Faucher, J, Proust, A, Magy-Bertrand, N, Gil, H, Meaux-Ruault, N, Sotto, A, Rouanet, I, Mauboussin, J, Doncesco, R, Jacques, G, May, T, Rabaud, C, Andre, M, Delestan, M, Bouillon, M, Bani-Sadr, F, Rouger, C, Berger, J, Nguyen, Y, Marchou, B, Delobel, P, Martin Blondel, G, Cuzin, L, Biezunski, N, Alric, L, Bonnet, D, 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Wit, F, van Duinen, M, van Eden, J, Hazenberg, A, van Hes, A, Pijnappel, F, Smalhout, S, Weijsenfeld, A, Jurriaans, S, Back, N, Zaaijer, H, Berkhout, B, Cornelissen, M, Schinkel, C, Wolthers, K, Peters, E, van Agtmael, M, Bomers, M, Sigalof, K, Heitmuller, M, Laan, L, Ang, C, van Houdt, R, Jonges, M, van Prehn, J, Kuijpers, T, Pajkrt, D, Scherpbier, H, de Boer, C, van der Plas, A, van den Berge, M, Stegeman, A, Baas, S, Hage de Loof, L, Wintermans, B, Veenemans, J, Pronk, M, Ammerlaan, H, de Munnik, E, Jansz, A, Tjhie, J, Wegdam, M, Deiman, B, Scharnhorst, V, van Eeden, A, Brokking, W, Elsenburg, L, Nobel, H, Damen, M, van Kasteren, M, Berrevoets, M, Brouwer, A, Adams, A, de Kruijf-Van de Wiel, B, Keelan-Pfaf, S, van der Ven, B, Buiting, A, Murck, J, Versteeg, D, de Vries-Sluijs, T, Bax, H, van Gorp, E, Nouwen, J, Rijnders, B, Schurink, C, Verbon, A, de Jong-Peltenburg, N, Bassant, N, van Beek, J, Vriesde, M, van Zonneveld, L, van den Berg-Cameron, H, de Groot, J, Boucher, C, Koopmans, M, van Kampen, J, Fraaij, P, van Rossum, A, Vermont, C, van der Knaap, L, Visser, E, Branger, J, Douma, R, Duijf-Van de Ven, C, Schippers, E, van Nieuwkoop, C, van IJperen, J, Geilings, J, van der Hut, G, van Burgel, N, Leyten, E, Gelinck, L, Mollema, F, Davids-Veldhuis, S, Wildenbeest, G, Heikens, E, Groeneveld, P, Bouwhuis, J, Lammers, A, Kraan, S, van Hulzen, A, Kruiper, M, van der Bliek, G, Bor, P, Bloembergen, P, Wolfagen, M, Ruijs, G, Kroon, F, de Boer, M, Scheper, H, Jolink, H, Dorama, W, van Holten, N, Claas, E, Wessels, E, den Hollander, J, El Moussaoui, R, Pogany, K, Kastelijns, M, Smit, J, Smit, E, Struik-Kalkman, D, Tearno, C, van Niekerk, T, Pontesilli, O, Lowe, S, Oude Lashof, A, Posthouwer, D, Ackens, R, Burgers, K, Schippers, J, Weijenberg-Maes, B, van Loo, I, Havenith, T, Weijer, S, van Vonderen, M, Kampschreur, L, Faber, S, Steeman-Bouma, R, Weel, J, Kootstra, G, Delsing, C, van der Burg-Van de Plas, M, Heins, H, Kortmann, W, van Twillert, G, Renckens, R, Ruiter-Pronk, D, van Truijen-Oud, F, Cohen Stuart, J, Jansen, E, Hoogewerf, M, Rozemeijer, W, van der Reijden, W, Sinnige, J, Brinkman, K, van den Berk, G, Blok, W, Frissen, P, Lettinga, K, Schouten, W, Veenstra, J, Vrouenraets, S, Brouwer, C, Geerders, G, Hoeksema, K, Kleene, M, Knapen, M, van der Meche, I, Mulder-Seeleman, E, Toonen, A, Wijnands, S, Kwa, D, van Crevel, R, van Aerde, K, Doferhof, A, Henriet, S, ter Hofstede, H, Hoogerwerf, J, Keuter, M, Richel, O, Albers, M, Grintjes-Huisman, K, de Haan, M, Marneef, M, Strik-Albers, R, Rahamat-Langendoen, J, Stelma, F, Burger, D, Gisolf, E, Hassing, R, Claassen, M, ter Beest, G, van Bentum, P, Langebeek, N, Tiemessen, R, Swanink, C, van Lelyveld, S, Soetekouw, R, van der Prijt, L, van der Swaluw, J, Bermon, N, Jansen, R, Herpers, B, Veenendaal, D, Verhagen, D, Lauw, F, van Broekhuizen, M, van Wijk, M, Bierman, W, Bakker, M, Kleinnijenhuis, J, Kloeze, E, Middel, A, Scholvinck, E, Stienstra, Y, Verhage, A, Wouthuyzen-Bakker, K, 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P., Lopez D., Gutierrez C., Madrid N., Lamas A., Marti P., de Diaz A., Serrrano S., Donat L., Cano A., Bernal E., Munoz A., Pena A., Munoz L., Parra J., Alvarez M., Chueca N., Guillot V., Vinuesa D., Fernandez J. A., Del Romero J., Rodriguez C., Puerta T., Carrio J. C., Vera M., Ballesteros J., Domingo P., Sambeat M. A., Lamarca K., Mateo G., Gutierrez M., Fernandez I., Antela A., Losada E., Riera M., Penaranda M., Leyes M., Ribas M. A., Campins A. A., Vidal C., Gil L., Fanjul F., Marinescu C., Ribera E., Santos J., Marquez M., Viciana I., Palacios R., Gonzalez C. M., Viciana P., Leal M., Lopez-Cortes L. F., Espinosa N., Munoz J., Zubero M. Z., Baraia-Etxaburu J. M., Ibarra S., Ferrero O., Lopez de Munain J., Camara M. M., Lopez I., de la Pena M., Suarez-Garcia I., Malmierca E., Olalla J., del Arco A., de la Torre J., Prada J. L., Caracuel Z., Lopez-Lirola A. M., Lozano A. B., Fernandez E., Fernandez J. M., Martinez O. J., Vera F. J., Martinez L., Garcia J., Alcaraz B., Jimeno A., Poveda E., Pernas B., Mena A., Grandal M., Castro A., Pedreira J. D., Galera C., Albendin H., Iborra A., Campillo M. A., Vidal A., Amador C., Pasquau F., Ena J., Benito C., Fenoll V., Mohamed-Balghata M. O., Gomez M. A., Alberto de Zarraga M., Rivas M. E., Gorgolas M., Svedhem-Johansson V., Flamholc L., Gisslen M., Hejdeman B., Norgren H., Wendahl S., Vourli, G, Noori, T, Pharris, A, Porter, K, Axelsson, M, Begovac, J, Cazein, F, Costagliola, D, Cowan, S, Croxford, S, Monforte, A, Delpech, V, Diaz, A, Girardi, E, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B, Hernando, V, Leierer, G, Lot, F, Nunez, O, Obel, N, Op de Coul, E, Paraskeva, D, Patrinos, S, Reiss, P, Schmid, D, Sonnerborg, A, Suligoi, B, Supervie, V, van Sighem, A, Zangerle, R, Touloumi, G, Egle, A, Kanatschnig, M, Ollinger, A, Rieger, A, Schmied, B, Wallner, E, Dewasurendra, D, Gisinger, M, Kitchen, M, Plattner, A, Rieser, E, Sarcletti, M, Greil, R, Schachner, M, Skocic, M, Muller, M, Aichwalder, R, Chromy, D, Grabmeier-Pfstershammer, K, Skoll, M, Touzeau, V, Cichon, P, Wolf-Nussmuller, S, Laferl, H, Zoufaly, A, Genger-Hackl, C, Kapper, A, Schneeberger, T, Trattner, E, Schober, G, Atzl, M, Hartmann, B, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Berg, J, Appoyer, H, Rappold, M, Strickner, S, Schindelwig, K, 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Abstract: Background. High uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and related mortality; however, gaps in care exist. We aimed to construct the continuum of HIV care (CoC) in 2016 in 11 European Union (EU) countries, overall and by key population and sex. To estimate progress toward the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 target, we compared 2016 to 2013 estimates for the same countries, representing 73% of the population in the region. Methods. A CoC with the following 4 stages was constructed: number of people living with HIV (PLHIV); proportion of PLHIV diagnosed; proportion of those diagnosed who ever initiated ART; and proportion of those ever treated who achieved viral suppression at their last visit. Results. We estimated that 87% of PLHIV were diagnosed; 92% of those diagnosed had ever initiated ART; and 91% of those ever on ART, or 73% of all PLHIV, were virally suppressed. Corresponding figures for men having sex with men were: 86%, 93%, 93%, 74%; for people who inject drugs: 94%, 88%, 85%, 70%; and for heterosexuals: 86%, 92%, 91%, 72%. The proportion suppressed of all PLHIV ranged from 59% to 86% across countries. Conclusions. The EU is close to the 90-90-90 target and achieved the UNAIDS target of 73% of all PLHIV virally suppressed, significant progress since 2013 when 60% of all PLHIV were virally suppressed. Strengthening of testing programs and treatment support, along with prevention interventions, are needed to achieve HIV epidemic control.
Published: 2020

14. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Continuum of Care in 11 European Union Countries at the End of 2016 Overall and by Key Population: Have We Made Progress?

Author: Vourli, G., Noori, T., Pharris, A., Porter, K., Axelsson, M., Begovac, J., Cazein, F., Costagliola, D., Cowan, S., Croxford, S., Monforte, A. D., Delpech, V., Diaz, A., Girardi, E., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Hernando, V., Leierer, G., Lot, F., Nunez, O., Obel, N., Op de Coul, E., Paraskeva, D., Patrinos, S., Reiss, P., Schmid, D., Sonnerborg, A., Suligoi, B., Supervie, V., van Sighem, A., Zangerle, R., Touloumi, G., Egle, A., Kanatschnig, M., Ollinger, A., Rieger, A., Schmied, B., Wallner, E., Dewasurendra, D., Gisinger, M., Kitchen, M., Plattner, A., Rieser, E., Sarcletti, M., Greil, R., Schachner, M., Skocic, M., Muller, M., Aichwalder, R., Chromy, D., Grabmeier-Pfstershammer, K., Skoll, M., Touzeau, V., Cichon, P., Wolf-Nussmuller, S., Laferl, H., Zoufaly, A., Genger-Hackl, C., Kapper, A., Schneeberger, T., Trattner, E., Schober, G., Atzl, M., Hartmann, B., Puchhammer-Stockl, E., Berg, J., Appoyer, H., Rappold, M., Strickner, S., Schindelwig, K., Ledergerber, B., Fatkenheuer, G., Gerstof, J., Kronborg, G., Pedersen, C., Larsen, C. S., Pedersen, G., Mohey, R., Nielsen, L., Weise, L., Kvinesdal, B., Jensen, J., Abgrall, S., Bernard, L., Billaud, E., Boue, F., Boyer, L., Cabie, A., Caby, F., Canestri, A., Cotte, L., de Truchis, P., Duval, X., Duvivier, C., Enel, P., Fischer, H., Gasnault, J., Gaud, C., Grabar, S., Khuong-Josses, M. A., Launay, O., Marchand, L., Mary-Krause, M., Matheron, S., Melica-Gregoire, G., Melliez, H., Meynard, J. L., Nacher, M., Pavie, J., Piroth, L., Poizot-Martin, I., Pradier, C., Reynes, J., Rouveix, E., Simon, A., Slama, L., Tattevin, P., Tissot-Dupont, H., Biga, J., Kurth, T., Jacquemet, N., Guiguet, M., Leclercq, S., Lievre, L., Marshall, E., Roul, H., Selinger-Leneman, H., Potard, V., Benveniste, O., Breton, G., Lupin, C., Bourzam, E., Girard, P. M., Fonquernie, L., Valin, N., Lefebvre, B., Sebire, M., Pialoux, G., Lebrette, M. G., Tibaut, P., Adda, A., Hamidi, M., Cadranel, J., Lavole, A., Parrot, A., Bouchaud, O., Vignier, N., Mechai, F., Makhlouf, S., Honore, P., Bergmann, J. F., Delcey, V., Lopes, A., Sellier, P., Parrinello, M., Oksenhendler, E., Gerard, L., Molina, J. M., Rozenbaum, W., Denis, B., De Castro, N., Lascoux, C., Yazdanpanah, Y., Lariven, S., Joly, V., Rioux, C., Poupard, M., Taverne, B., Sutton, L., Masse, V., Genet, P., Wifaq, B., Gerbe, J., Grefe, S., Dupont, C., Freire Maresca, A., Reimann, E., Bloch, M., Meier, F., Mortier, E., Zeng, F., Montoya, B., Perronne, C., Mathez, D., Marigot-Outtandy, D., Berthe, H., Greder Belan, A., Terby, A., Godin Collet, C., Marque Juillet, S., Ruquet, M., Roussin-Bretagne, S., Colardelle, P., Granier, F., Laurichesse, J. J., Perronne, V., Akpan, T., Marcou, M., Daneluzzi, V., Veyssier-Belot, C., Masson, H., Welker, Y., Brazille, P., Kahn, J. E., Zucman, D., Majerholc, C., Fourn, E., Bornarel, D., Chambrin, V., Kansau, I., Raho-Moussa, M., Lelievre, J. D., Saidani, M., Chesnel, C., Dumont, C., Vittecoq, D., Derradji, O., Bolliot, C., Goujard, C., Teicher, E., Mole, M., Bourdic, K., Salmon, D., Le Jeunne, C., Guet, P., Pietri, M. P., Pannier Metzger, E., Marcou, V., Loulergue, P., Dupin, N., Morini, J. P., Deleuze, J., Gerhardt, P., Chanal, J., Weiss, L., Lucas, M. L., Jung, C., Ptak, M., Viard, J. P., Ghosn, J., Gazalet, P., Cros, A., Maignan, A., Lortholary, O., Rouzaud, C., Touam, F., Benhadj, K., Consigny, P. H., Bossi, P., Gergely, A., Cessot, G., Durand, F., Beck-Wirth, G., Michel, C., Benomar, M., Rey, D., Partisani, M., Cheneau, C., Batard, M. L., Fischer, P., Leclercq, P., Blanc, M., Morand, P., Epaulard, O., Signori-Schmuck, A., Laurichesse, H., Jacomet, C., Vidal, M., Coban, D., Casanova, S., Fresard, A., Guglielminotti, C., Botelho-Nevers, E., Brunon-Gagneux, A., Ronat, V., Verdon, R., Dargere, S., Haustraete, E., Feret, P., Goubin, P., Chavanet, P., Fillion, A., Croisier, D., Gohier, S., Arvieux, C., Souala, F., Chapplain, J. M., Ratajczak, M., Rohan, J., Faller, J. P., Ruyer, O., Gendrin, V., Toko, L., Chirouze, C., Hustache-Mathieu, L., Faucher, J. F., Proust, A., Magy-Bertrand, N., Gil, H., Meaux-Ruault, N., Sotto, A., Rouanet, I., Mauboussin, J. M., Doncesco, R., Jacques, G., May, T., Rabaud, C., Andre, M., Delestan, M., Bouillon, M. P., Bani-Sadr, F., Rouger, C., Berger, J. L., Nguyen, Y., Marchou, B., Delobel, P., Martin Blondel, G., Cuzin, L., Biezunski, N., Alric, L., Bonnet, D., Guivarch, M., Palacin, A., Payssan, V., Ajana, F., Meybeck, A., Viget, N., Pugliese, P., Roger, P. M., Rosenthal, E., Durant, J., Cua, E., Naqvi, A., Perbost, I., Risso, K., Quinsat, D., Raphael, St., Del Giudice, P., Dides, P. Y., Sambuc, R., Antolini-Bouvenot, M. S., Druart, P., Meddeb, L., Ravaux, I., Menard, A., Tomei, C., Dhiver, C., Moreau, J., Mokhtari, S., Soavi, M. J., Tomas, V., Bregigeon, S., Faucher, O., Obry-Roguet, V., Ritleng, A. S., Petit, N., Bartoli, C., Ruiz, J. M., Blanc, D., Allegre, T., Sordage, M., Riou, J. M., Faudon, C., Slama, B., Zerazhi, H., Boulat, O., Chebrek, S., Beyrne, M., Granet Brunello, P., Pellissier, L., Bonnabel, D., Cohen Valensi, R., Mouchet, B., Mboungou, G., Lafeuillade, A., Hope-Rapp, E., Hittinger, G., Philip, G., Lambry, V., Raf, F., Allavena, C., Hall, N., Reliquet, V., Chidiac, C., Ferry, T., Perpoint, T., Miailhes, P., Boibieux, A., Livrozet, J. M., Makhlouf, D., Brunel, F., Chiarello, P., Hoen, B., Lamaury, I., Fabre, I., Samar, K., Duvallon, E., Clavel, C., Stegmann, S., Walter, V., Adriouch, L., Huber, F., Vanticlke, V., Couppie, P., Abel, S., Pierre-Francois, S., Ricaud, C., Rodet, R., Wartel, G., Sautron, C., Poubeau, P., Borgherini, G., Camuset, G., Arasteh, K., Kowohl Vivantes, S., Schurmann, D., Warncke Charite, M., Rockstroh, J., Wasmuth, J., Hass, S., Jensen, B. O., Feind, C., Esser, S., Schenk-Westkamp, P., Haberl, A., Stephan, C., Plettenberg, A., Kuhlendahl, F., Adam, A., Weitner, L., Schewe, K., Goey, H., Fenske, S., Buhk, T., Stellbrink, H. J., Hofmann, C., Hansen, S., Degen, O., Heuer, M., Stoll, M., Gerschmann, S., Horst, H., Trautmann, S., Gillor, D., Bogner, J., Sonntag, B., Salzberger, B., Fritzsche, C., Adamis, G., Antoniadou, A., Chini, M., Chrysos, G., Gikas, A., Gogos, H. A., Katsarou, O., Lazanas, M., Metallidis, S., Panagopoulos, P., Paparizos, V., Papastamopoulos, V., Paraskevis, D., Psychogiou, M., Sambatakou, H., Sipsas, N. V., Pantazis, N., Papadopoulos, A., Nitsotolis, T., Xylomenos, G., Marangos, M. N., Kouramba, A., Kontos, A., Lioni, A., Tsachouridou, O., Kourkounti, S., Ganitis, A., Barbounakis, E., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Antinori, A., Andreoni, M., Castagna, A., Castelli, F., Cauda, R., Di Perri, G., Galli, M., Iardino, R., Ippolito, G., Lazzarin, A., Marchetti, G. C., Rezza, G., von Schloesser, F., Viale, P., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Lo Caputo, S., Mussini, C., Puoti, M., Perno, C. F., Bai, F., Balotta, C., Bandera, A., Bonora, S., Borderi, M., Calcagno, A., Capetti, A., Capobianchi, M. R., Cicalini, S., Cingolani, A., Cinque, P., Di Biagio, A., Gianotti, N., Gori, A., Guaraldi, G., Lapadula, G., Lichtner, M., Madeddu, G., Maggiolo, F., Marchetti, G., Monno, L., Nozza, S., Pinnetti, C., Quiros Roldan, E., Rossotti, R., Rusconi, S., Santoro, M. M., Saracino, A., Sarmati, L., Fanti, I., Galli, L., Lorenzini, P., Rodano, A., Macchia, M., Tavelli, A., Carletti, F., Carrara, S., Di Caro, A., Graziano, S., Petroni, F., Prota, G., Trufa, S., Giacometti, A., Costantini, A., Barocci, V., Angarano, G., Milano, E., Suardi, C., Donati, V., Verucchi, G., Castelnuovo, F., Minardi, C., Menzaghi, B., Abeli, C., Cacopardo, B., Celesia, B., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Pan, A., Lorenzotti, S., Sighinolf, L., Segala, D., Blanc, P., Vichi, F., Cassola, G., Viscoli, C., Alessandrini, A., Bobbio, N., Mazzarello, G., Fondaco, L., Bonfanti, P., Molteni, C., Chiodera, A., Milini, P., Nunnari, G., Pellicano, G., Rizzardini, G., Cannizzo, E. S., Moioli, M. C., Piolini, R., Bernacchia, D., Salpietro, S., Tincati, C., Puzzolante, C., Migliorino, C., Sangiovanni, V., Borgia, G., Esposito, V., Di Flumeri, G., Gentile, I., Rizzo, V., Cattelan, A. M., Marinello, S., Cascio, A., Trizzino, M., Francisci, D., Schiaroli, E., Parruti, G., Sozio, F., Magnani, G., Ursitti, M. A., Cristaudo, A., Vullo, V., Acinapura, R., Moschese, D., Capozzi, M., Mondi, A., Rivano Capparuccia, M., Iaiani, G., Latini, A., Gagliardini, R., Plazzi, M. M., De Girolamo, G., Vergori, A., Cecchetto, M., Viviani, F., De Vito, A., Rossetti, B., Montagnani, F., Franco, A., Fontana Del Vecchio, R., Di Giuli, C., Caramello, P., Orofno, G. C., Sciandra, M., Bassetti, M., Londero, A., Manfrin, V., Battagin, G., Starnini, G., Ialungo, A., van der Valk, M., Geerlings, S. E., Goorhuis, A., Hovius, J. W., Lempkes, B., Nellen, F. J. B., van der Poll, T., Prins, J. M., van Vugt, M., Wiersinga, W. J., Wit, F. W. M. N., van Duinen, M., van Eden, J., Hazenberg, A., van Hes, A. M. H., Pijnappel, F. J. J., Smalhout, S. Y., Weijsenfeld, A. M., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Wolthers, K. C., Peters, E. J. G., van Agtmael, M. A., Bomers, M., Sigalof, K. C. E., Heitmuller, M., Laan, L. M., Ang, C. W., van Houdt, R., Jonges, M., van Prehn, J., Kuijpers, T. W., Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., de Boer, C., van der Plas, A., van den Berge, M., Stegeman, A., Baas, S., Hage de Loof, L., Wintermans, B., Veenemans, J., Pronk, M. J. H., Ammerlaan, H. S. M., de Munnik, E. S., Jansz, A. R., Tjhie, J., Wegdam, M. C. A., Deiman, B., Scharnhorst, V., van Eeden, A., Brokking, W., Elsenburg, L. J. M., Nobel, H., Damen, M., van Kasteren, M. E. E., Berrevoets, M. A. H., Brouwer, A. E., Adams, A., de Kruijf-Van de Wiel, B. A. F. M., Keelan-Pfaf, S., van der Ven, B., Buiting, A. G. M., Murck, J. L., Versteeg, D., de Vries-Sluijs, T. E. M. S., Bax, H. I., van Gorp, E. C. M., Nouwen, J. L., Rijnders, B. J. A., Schurink, C. A. M., Verbon, A., de Jong-Peltenburg, N. C., Bassant, N., van Beek, J. E. A., Vriesde, M., van Zonneveld, L. M., van den Berg-Cameron, H. J., de Groot, J., Boucher, C. A. B., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Kampen, J. J. A., Fraaij, P. L. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., Vermont, C. L., van der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E., Branger, J., Douma, R. A., Duijf-Van de Ven, C. J. H. M., Schippers, E. F., van Nieuwkoop, C., van IJperen, J. M., Geilings, J., van der Hut, G., van Burgel, N. D., Leyten, E. M. S., Gelinck, L. B. S., Mollema, F., Davids-Veldhuis, S., Wildenbeest, G. S., Heikens, E., Groeneveld, P. H. P., Bouwhuis, J. W., Lammers, A. J. J., Kraan, S., van Hulzen, A. G. W., Kruiper, M. S. M., van der Bliek, G. L., Bor, P. C. J., Bloembergen, P., Wolfagen, M. J. H. M., Ruijs, G. J. H. M., Kroon, F. P., de Boer, M. G. J., Scheper, H., Jolink, H., Dorama, W., van Holten, N., Claas, E. C. J., Wessels, E., den Hollander, J. G., El Moussaoui, R., Pogany, K., Kastelijns, M., Smit, J. V., Smit, E., Struik-Kalkman, D., Tearno, C., van Niekerk, T., Pontesilli, O., Lowe, S. H., Oude Lashof, A. M. L., Posthouwer, D., Ackens, R. P., Burgers, K., Schippers, J., Weijenberg-Maes, B., van Loo, I. H. M., Havenith, T. R. A., Weijer, S., van Vonderen, M. G. A., Kampschreur, L. M., Faber, S., Steeman-Bouma, R., Weel, J., Kootstra, G. J., Delsing, C. E., van der Burg-Van de Plas, M., Heins, H., Kortmann, W., van Twillert, G., Renckens, R., Ruiter-Pronk, D., van Truijen-Oud, F. A., Cohen Stuart, J. W. T., Jansen, E. R., Hoogewerf, M., Rozemeijer, W., van der Reijden, W. A., Sinnige, J. C., Brinkman, K., van den Berk, G. E. L., Blok, W. L., Frissen, P. H. J., Lettinga, K. D., Schouten, W. E. M., Veenstra, J., Vrouenraets, S. M. E., Brouwer, C. J., Geerders, G. F., Hoeksema, K., Kleene, M. J., Knapen, M., van der Meche, I. B., Mulder-Seeleman, E., Toonen, A. J. M., Wijnands, S., Kwa, D., van Crevel, R., van Aerde, K., Doferhof, A. S. M., Henriet, S. S. V., ter Hofstede, H. J. M., Hoogerwerf, J., Keuter, M., Richel, O., Albers, M., Grintjes-Huisman, K. J. T., de Haan, M., Marneef, M., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F. F., Burger, D., Gisolf, E. H., Hassing, R. J., Claassen, M., ter Beest, G., van Bentum, P. H. M., Langebeek, N., Tiemessen, R., Swanink, C. M. A., van Lelyveld, S. F. L., Soetekouw, R., van der Prijt, L. M. M., van der Swaluw, J., Bermon, N., Jansen, R., Herpers, B. L., Veenendaal, D., Verhagen, D. W. M., Lauw, F. N., van Broekhuizen, M. C., van Wijk, M., Bierman, W. F. W., Bakker, M., Kleinnijenhuis, J., Kloeze, E., Middel, A., Scholvinck, E. H., Stienstra, Y., Verhage, A. R., Wouthuyzen-Bakker, K. M., Boonstra, A., de Groot-De Jonge, H., van der Meulen, P. A., de Weerd, D. A., Niesters, H. G. M., van Leer-Buter, C. C., Knoester, M., Hoepelman, A. I. M., Arends, J. E., Barth, R. E., Bruns, A. H. W., Ellerbroek, P. M., Mudrikova, T., Oosterheert, J. J., de Regt, M. J. A., Schadd, E. M., van Zoelen, M. A. D., Aarsman, K., Grifoen-Van Santen, B. M. G., de Kroon, I., van Rooijen, C. S. A. M., van Berkel, M., Schuurman, R., Verduyn-Lunel, F., Wensing, A. M. J., Bont, L. J., Geelen, S. P. M., Loefen, Y. G. T., Wolfs, T. F. W., Nauta, N., Zaheri, S., Boyd, A. C., Bezemer, D. O., van Sighem, A. I., Smit, C., Hillebregt, M., de Jong, A., Woudstra, T., Bergsma, D., Meijering, R., van de Sande, L., Rutkens, T., van der Vliet, S., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., El Berkaoui, A., Bezemer, M., Bretin, N., Djoechro, E., Geerlinks, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Lucas, E., van der Meer, R., Munjishvili, L., Paling, F., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., Schoorl, M., Schnorr, P., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., Witte, E. C., Tuk, B., Moreno, S., del Amo, J., Dalmau, D., Navarro, M. L., Gonzalez, M. I., Blanco, J. L., Garcia, F., Rubio, R., Iribarren, J. A., Gutierrez, F., Vidal, F., Berenguer, J., Gonzalez, J., Sobrino, P., Alejos, B., Alvarez, D., Jarrin, I., Moreno, C., Munoz-Fernandez, M. A., Garcia-Merino, I., Rico, C. G., de la Fuente, J. G., Torre, A. G., Portilla, J., Merino, E., Reus, S., Boix, V., Giner, L., Gadea, C., Portilla, I., Pampliega, M., Diez, M., Rodriguez, J. C., Sanchez-Paya, J., Podzamczer, D., Imaz, E. F. A., Van Den Eyncle, E., Di Yacovo, S., Sumoy, M., Gomez, J. L., Hernandez, J., Aleman, M. R., Alonso, M. D. M., Hernandez, M. I., Diaz-Flores, F., Garcia, D., Pelazas, R., Asensi, V., Valle, E., Carton, J. A., Perez, V. E., Molina, M. J. T., Garcia, J. V., Carrera, E. P. -C., Pulido, F., Bisbal, O., Matarranz, M., Lagarde, M., Rubio-Martin, R., Hernando, A., Bermejo, L., Dominguez, L., Arrizabalaga, J., Aramburu, M. J., Camino, X., Rodriguez-Arrondo, F., von Wichmann, M. A., Tome, L. P., Goenaga, M. A., Bustinduy, M. J., Galparsoro, H. A., Ibarguren, M., Aguado, M., Umerez, M., Masia, M., Lopez, C., Padilla, S., Navarro, A., Montolio, F., Robledano, C., Colome, J. G., Adsuar, A., Pascual, R., Carlos, F., Martinez, M., Garcia, J. L., Fernandez, M., Garcia, E., Muga, R., Tor, J., Sanvisens, A., Bernaldo de Quiros Lopez, J. C., Miralles, P., Gutierrez, I., Ramirez, M., Padilla, B., Gijon, P., Carrero, A., Aldamiz-Echevarria, T., Tejerina, F., Parras, F. J., Balsalobre, P., Diez, C., Peraire, J., Vilades, C., Veloso, S., Vargas, M., Lopez-Dupla, M., Olona, M., Aguilar, A., Sirvent, J. J., Alba, V., Calavia, O., Montero, M., Lacruz, J., Blanes, M., Calabuig, E., Cuellar, S., Lopez, J., Salavert, M., de la Serna, I. B., Arribas, J. R., Montes, M. L., Pena, J. M., Arribas, B., Castro, J. M., Zamora, J., Perez, I., Estebanez, M., Garcia, S., Diaz, M., Alcariz, N. S., Mingorance, J., Montero, D., Gonzalez, A., Isabel de Jose, M., de los Santos, I., Sanz, J., Salas, A., Sarria, C., Berrocal, A. G., Garcia-Fraile, L., Oteo, J. A., Blanco, J. R., Ibarra, V., Metola, L., Sanz, M., Perez-Martinez, L., Pascual, A., Ramos, C., Arazo, P., Gil, D., Jaen, A., Cairo, M., Irigoyen, D., Jordano, Q., Xercavins, M., Martinez-Lacasa, J., Velli, P., Font, R., Sanmarti, M., Ibanez, L., Rivero, M., Casado, M. I., Diaz, J. A., Uriz, J., Reparaz, J., Irigoyen, C., Arraiza, M. J., Segura, F., Amengual, M. J., Navarro, G., Sala, M., Cervantes, M., Pineda, V., Segura, V., Navarro, M., Anton, E., Nogueras, M. M., Casado, J. L., Dronda, F., Moreno, A., Elias, M. J. P., Lopez, D., Gutierrez, C., Madrid, N., Lamas, A., Marti, P., de Diaz, A., Serrrano, S., Donat, L., Cano, A., Bernal, E., Munoz, A., Pena, A., Munoz, L., Parra, J., Alvarez, M., Chueca, N., Guillot, V., Vinuesa, D., Fernandez, J. A., Del Romero, J., Rodriguez, C., Puerta, T., Carrio, J. C., Vera, M., Ballesteros, J., Domingo, P., Sambeat, M. A., Lamarca, K., Mateo, G., Gutierrez, M., Fernandez, I., Antela, A., Losada, E., Riera, M., Penaranda, M., Leyes, M., Ribas, M. A., Campins, A. A., Vidal, C., Gil, L., Fanjul, F., Marinescu, C., Ribera, E., Santos, J., Marquez, M., Viciana, I., Palacios, R., Gonzalez, C. M., Viciana, P., Leal, M., Lopez-Cortes, L. F., Espinosa, N., Munoz, J., Zubero, M. Z., Baraia-Etxaburu, J. M., Ibarra, S., Ferrero, O., Lopez de Munain, J., Camara, M. M., Lopez, I., de la Pena, M., Suarez-Garcia, I., Malmierca, E., Olalla, J., del Arco, A., de la Torre, J., Prada, J. L., Caracuel, Z., Lopez-Lirola, A. M., Lozano, A. B., Fernandez, E., Fernandez, J. M., Martinez, O. J., Vera, F. J., Martinez, L., Garcia, J., Alcaraz, B., Jimeno, A., Poveda, E., Pernas, B., Mena, A., Grandal, M., Castro, A., Pedreira, J. D., Galera, C., Albendin, H., Iborra, A., Campillo, M. A., Vidal, A., Amador, C., Pasquau, F., Ena, J., Benito, C., Fenoll, V., Mohamed-Balghata, M. O., Gomez, M. A., Alberto de Zarraga, M., Rivas, M. E., Gorgolas, M., Svedhem-Johansson, V., Flamholc, L., Gisslen, M., Hejdeman, B., Norgren, H., Wendahl, S., European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Esser, Stefan (Beitragende*r), Schenk-Westkamp, Pia (Herausgeber*in), Vourli G., Noori T., Pharris A., Porter K., Axelsson M., Begovac J., Cazein F., Costagliola D., Cowan S., Croxford S., Monforte A.D., Delpech V., Diaz A., Girardi E., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B., Hernando V., Leierer G., Lot F., Nunez O., Obel N., Op de Coul E., Paraskeva D., Patrinos S., Reiss P., Schmid D., Sonnerborg A., Suligoi B., Supervie V., van Sighem A., Zangerle R., Touloumi G., Egle A., Kanatschnig M., Ollinger A., Rieger A., Schmied B., Wallner E., Dewasurendra D., Gisinger M., Kitchen M., Plattner A., Rieser E., Sarcletti M., Greil R., Schachner M., Skocic M., Muller M., Aichwalder R., Chromy D., Grabmeier-Pfstershammer K., Skoll M., Touzeau V., Cichon P., Wolf-Nussmuller S., Laferl H., Zoufaly A., Genger-Hackl C., Kapper A., Schneeberger T., Trattner E., Schober G., Atzl M., Hartmann B., Puchhammer-Stockl E., Berg J., Appoyer H., Rappold M., Strickner S., Schindelwig K., Ledergerber B., Fatkenheuer G., Gerstof J., Kronborg G., Pedersen C., Larsen C.S., Pedersen G., Mohey R., Nielsen L., Weise L., Kvinesdal B., Jensen J., Abgrall S., Bernard L., Billaud E., Boue F., Boyer L., Cabie A., Caby F., Canestri A., Cotte L., de Truchis P., Duval X., Duvivier C., Enel P., Fischer H., Gasnault J., Gaud C., Grabar S., Khuong-Josses M.A., Launay O., Marchand L., Mary-Krause M., Matheron S., Melica-Gregoire G., Melliez H., Meynard J.L., Nacher M., Pavie J., Piroth L., Poizot-Martin I., Pradier C., Reynes J., Rouveix E., Simon A., Slama L., Tattevin P., Tissot-Dupont H., Biga J., Kurth T., Jacquemet N., Guiguet M., Leclercq S., Lievre L., Marshall E., Roul H., Selinger-Leneman H., Potard V., Benveniste O., Breton G., Lupin C., Bourzam E., Girard P.M., Fonquernie L., Valin N., Lefebvre B., Sebire M., Pialoux G., Lebrette M.G., Tibaut P., Adda A., Hamidi M., Cadranel J., Lavole A., Parrot A., Bouchaud O., Vignier N., Mechai F., Makhlouf S., Honore P., Bergmann J.F., Delcey V., Lopes A., Sellier P., Parrinello M., Oksenhendler E., Gerard L., Molina J.M., Rozenbaum W., Denis B., De Castro N., Lascoux C., Yazdanpanah Y., Lariven S., Joly V., Rioux C., Poupard M., Taverne B., Sutton L., Masse V., Genet P., Wifaq B., Gerbe J., Grefe S., Dupont C., Freire Maresca A., Reimann E., Bloch M., Meier F., Mortier E., Zeng F., Montoya B., Perronne C., Mathez D., Marigot-Outtandy D., Berthe H., Greder Belan A., Terby A., Godin Collet C., Marque Juillet S., Ruquet M., Roussin-Bretagne S., Colardelle P., Granier F., Laurichesse J.J., Perronne V., Akpan T., Marcou M., Daneluzzi V., Veyssier-Belot C., Masson H., Welker Y., Brazille P., Kahn J.E., Zucman D., Majerholc C., Fourn E., Bornarel D., Chambrin V., Kansau I., Raho-Moussa M., Lelievre J.D., Saidani M., Chesnel C., Dumont C., Vittecoq D., Derradji O., Bolliot C., Goujard C., Teicher E., Mole M., Bourdic K., Salmon D., Le Jeunne C., Guet P., Pietri M.P., Pannier Metzger E., Marcou V., Loulergue P., Dupin N., Morini J.P., Deleuze J., Gerhardt P., Chanal J., Weiss L., Lucas M.L., Jung C., Ptak M., Viard J.P., Ghosn J., Gazalet P., Cros A., Maignan A., Lortholary O., Rouzaud C., Touam F., Benhadj K., Consigny P.H., Bossi P., Gergely A., Cessot G., Durand F., Beck-Wirth G., Michel C., Benomar M., Rey D., Partisani M., Cheneau C., Batard M.L., Fischer P., Leclercq P., Blanc M., Morand P., Epaulard O., Signori-Schmuck A., Laurichesse H., Jacomet C., Vidal M., Coban D., Casanova S., Fresard A., Guglielminotti C., Botelho-Nevers E., Brunon-Gagneux A., Ronat V., Verdon R., Dargere S., Haustraete E., Feret P., Goubin P., Chavanet P., Fillion A., Croisier D., Gohier S., Arvieux C., Souala F., Chapplain J.M., Ratajczak M., Rohan J., Faller J.P., Ruyer O., Gendrin V., Toko L., Chirouze C., Hustache-Mathieu L., Faucher J.F., Proust A., Magy-Bertrand N., Gil H., Meaux-Ruault N., Sotto A., Rouanet I., Mauboussin J.M., Doncesco R., Jacques G., May T., Rabaud C., Andre M., Delestan M., Bouillon M.P., Bani-Sadr F., Rouger C., Berger J.L., Nguyen Y., Marchou B., Delobel P., Martin Blondel G., Cuzin L., Biezunski N., Alric L., Bonnet D., Guivarch M., Palacin A., Payssan V., Ajana F., Meybeck A., Viget N., Pugliese P., Roger P.M., Rosenthal E., Durant J., Cua E., Naqvi A., Perbost I., Risso K., Quinsat D., Raphael St., Del Giudice P., Dides P.Y., Sambuc R., Antolini-Bouvenot M.S., Druart P., Meddeb L., Ravaux I., Menard A., Tomei C., Dhiver C., Moreau J., Mokhtari S., Soavi M.J., Tomas V., Bregigeon S., Faucher O., Obry-Roguet V., Ritleng A.S., Petit N., Bartoli C., Ruiz J.M., Blanc D., Allegre T., Sordage M., Riou J.M., Faudon C., Slama B., Zerazhi H., Boulat O., Chebrek S., Beyrne M., Granet Brunello P., Pellissier L., Bonnabel D., Cohen Valensi R., Mouchet B., Mboungou G., Lafeuillade A., Hope-Rapp E., Hittinger G., Philip G., Lambry V., Raf F., Allavena C., Hall N., Reliquet V., Chidiac C., Ferry T., Perpoint T., Miailhes P., Boibieux A., Livrozet J.M., Makhlouf D., Brunel F., Chiarello P., Hoen B., Lamaury I., Fabre I., Samar K., Duvallon E., Clavel C., Stegmann S., Walter V., Adriouch L., Huber F., Vanticlke V., Couppie P., Abel S., Pierre-Francois S., Ricaud C., Rodet R., Wartel G., Sautron C., Poubeau P., Borgherini G., Camuset G., Arasteh K., Kowohl Vivantes S., Schurmann D., Warncke Charite M., Rockstroh J., Wasmuth J., Hass S., Jensen B.O., Feind C., Esser S., Schenk-Westkamp P., Haberl A., Stephan C., Plettenberg A., Kuhlendahl F., Adam A., Weitner L., Schewe K., Goey H., Fenske S., Buhk T., Stellbrink H.J., Hofmann C., Hansen S., Degen O., Heuer M., Stoll M., Gerschmann S., Horst H., Trautmann S., Gillor D., Bogner J., Sonntag B., Salzberger B., Fritzsche C., Adamis G., Antoniadou A., Chini M., Chrysos G., Gikas A., Gogos H.A., Katsarou O., Lazanas M., Metallidis S., Panagopoulos P., Paparizos V., Papastamopoulos V., Paraskevis D., Psychogiou M., Sambatakou H., Sipsas N.V., Pantazis N., Papadopoulos A., Nitsotolis T., Xylomenos G., Marangos M.N., Kouramba A., Kontos A., Lioni A., Tsachouridou O., Kourkounti S., Ganitis A., Barbounakis E., d'Arminio Monforte A., Antinori A., Andreoni M., Castagna A., Castelli F., Cauda R., Di Perri G., Galli M., Iardino R., Ippolito G., Lazzarin A., Marchetti G.C., Rezza G., von Schloesser F., Viale P., Ceccherini-Silberstein F., Cozzi-Lepri A., Lo Caputo S., Mussini C., Puoti M., Perno C.F., Bai F., Balotta C., Bandera A., Bonora S., Borderi M., Calcagno A., Capetti A., Capobianchi M.R., Cicalini S., Cingolani A., Cinque P., Di Biagio A., Gianotti N., Gori A., Guaraldi G., Lapadula G., Lichtner M., Madeddu G., Maggiolo F., Marchetti G., Monno L., Nozza S., Pinnetti C., Quiros Roldan E., Rossotti R., Rusconi S., Santoro M.M., Saracino A., Sarmati L., Fanti I., Galli L., Lorenzini P., Rodano A., Macchia M., Tavelli A., Carletti F., Carrara S., Di Caro A., Graziano S., Petroni F., Prota G., Trufa S., Giacometti A., Costantini A., Barocci V., Angarano G., Milano E., Suardi C., Donati V., Verucchi G., Castelnuovo F., Minardi C., Menzaghi B., Abeli C., Cacopardo B., Celesia B., Vecchiet J., Falasca K., Pan A., Lorenzotti S., Sighinolf L., Segala D., Blanc P., Vichi F., Cassola G., Viscoli C., Alessandrini A., Bobbio N., Mazzarello G., Fondaco L., Bonfanti P., Molteni C., Chiodera A., Milini P., Nunnari G., Pellicano G., Rizzardini G., Cannizzo E.S., Moioli M.C., Piolini R., Bernacchia D., Salpietro S., Tincati C., Puzzolante C., Migliorino C., Sangiovanni V., Borgia G., Esposito V., Di Flumeri G., Gentile I., Rizzo V., Cattelan A.M., Marinello S., Cascio A., Trizzino M., Francisci D., Schiaroli E., Parruti G., Sozio F., Magnani G., Ursitti M.A., Cristaudo A., Vullo V., Acinapura R., Moschese D., Capozzi M., Mondi A., Rivano Capparuccia M., Iaiani G., Latini A., Gagliardini R., Plazzi M.M., De Girolamo G., Vergori A., Cecchetto M., Viviani F., De Vito A., Rossetti B., Montagnani F., Franco A., Fontana Del Vecchio R., Di Giuli C., Caramello P., Orofno G.C., Sciandra M., Bassetti M., Londero A., Manfrin V., Battagin G., Starnini G., Ialungo A., van der Valk M., Geerlings S.E., Goorhuis A., Hovius J.W., Lempkes B., Nellen F.J.B., van der Poll T., Prins J.M., van Vugt M., Wiersinga W.J., Wit F.W.M.N., van Duinen M., van Eden J., Hazenberg A., van Hes A.M.H., Pijnappel F.J.J., Smalhout S.Y., Weijsenfeld A.M., Jurriaans S., Back N.K.T., Zaaijer H.L., Berkhout B., Cornelissen M.T.E., Schinkel C.J., Wolthers K.C., Peters E.J.G., van Agtmael M.A., Bomers M., Sigalof K.C.E., Heitmuller M., Laan L.M., Ang C.W., van Houdt R., Jonges M., van Prehn J., Kuijpers T.W., Pajkrt D., Scherpbier H.J., de Boer C., van der Plas A., van den Berge M., Stegeman A., Baas S., Hage de Loof L., Wintermans B., Veenemans J., Pronk M.J.H., Ammerlaan H.S.M., de Munnik E.S., Jansz A.R., Tjhie J., Wegdam M.C.A., Deiman B., Scharnhorst V., van Eeden A., Brokking W., Elsenburg L.J.M., Nobel H., Damen M., van Kasteren M.E.E., Berrevoets M.A.H., Brouwer A.E., Adams A., de Kruijf-Van de Wiel B.A.F.M., Keelan-Pfaf S., van der Ven B., Buiting A.G.M., Murck J.L., Versteeg D., de Vries-Sluijs T.E.M.S., Bax H.I., van Gorp E.C.M., Nouwen J.L., Rijnders B.J.A., Schurink C.A.M., Verbon A., de Jong-Peltenburg N.C., Bassant N., van Beek J.E.A., Vriesde M., van Zonneveld L.M., van den Berg-Cameron H.J., de Groot J., Boucher C.A.B., Koopmans M.P.G., van Kampen J.J.A., Fraaij P.L.A., van Rossum A.M.C., Vermont C.L., van der Knaap L.C., Visser E., Branger J., Douma R.A., Duijf-Van de Ven C.J.H.M., Schippers E.F., van Nieuwkoop C., van IJperen J.M., Geilings J., van der Hut G., van Burgel N.D., Leyten E.M.S., Gelinck L.B.S., Mollema F., Davids-Veldhuis S., Wildenbeest G.S., Heikens E., Groeneveld P.H.P., Bouwhuis J.W., Lammers A.J.J., Kraan S., van Hulzen A.G.W., Kruiper M.S.M., van der Bliek G.L., Bor P.C.J., Bloembergen P., Wolfagen M.J.H.M., Ruijs G.J.H.M., Kroon F.P., de Boer M.G.J., Scheper H., Jolink H., Dorama W., van Holten N., Claas E.C.J., Wessels E., den Hollander J.G., El Moussaoui R., Pogany K., Kastelijns M., Smit J.V., Smit E., Struik-Kalkman D., Tearno C., van Niekerk T., Pontesilli O., Lowe S.H., Oude Lashof A.M.L., Posthouwer D., Ackens R.P., Burgers K., Schippers J., Weijenberg-Maes B., van Loo I.H.M., Havenith T.R.A., Weijer S., van Vonderen M.G.A., Kampschreur L.M., Faber S., Steeman-Bouma R., Weel J., Kootstra G.J., Delsing C.E., van der Burg-Van de Plas M., Heins H., Kortmann W., van Twillert G., Renckens R., Ruiter-Pronk D., van Truijen-Oud F.A., Cohen Stuart J.W.T., Jansen E.R., Hoogewerf M., Rozemeijer W., van der Reijden W.A., Sinnige J.C., Brinkman K., van den Berk G.E.L., Blok W.L., Frissen P.H.J., Lettinga K.D., Schouten W.E.M., Veenstra J., Vrouenraets S.M.E., Brouwer C.J., Geerders G.F., Hoeksema K., Kleene M.J., Knapen M., van der Meche I.B., Mulder-Seeleman E., Toonen A.J.M., Wijnands S., Kwa D., van Crevel R., van Aerde 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Rooijen C.S.A.M., van Berkel M., Schuurman R., Verduyn-Lunel F., Wensing A.M.J., Bont L.J., Geelen S.P.M., Loefen Y.G.T., Wolfs T.F.W., Nauta N., Zaheri S., Boyd A.C., Bezemer D.O., van Sighem A.I., Smit C., Hillebregt M., de Jong A., Woudstra T., Bergsma D., Meijering R., van de Sande L., Rutkens T., van der Vliet S., de Groot L., van den Akker M., Bakker Y., El Berkaoui A., Bezemer M., Bretin N., Djoechro E., Geerlinks J., Kruijne E., Lodewijk C., Lucas E., van der Meer R., Munjishvili L., Paling F., Peeck B., Ree C., Regtop R., Ruijs Y., Schoorl M., Schnorr P., Tuijn E., Veenenberg L., Witte E.C., Tuk B., Moreno S., del Amo J., Dalmau D., Navarro M.L., Gonzalez M.I., Blanco J.L., Garcia F., Rubio R., Iribarren J.A., Gutierrez F., Vidal F., Berenguer J., Gonzalez J., Sobrino P., Alejos B., Alvarez D., Jarrin I., Moreno C., Munoz-Fernandez M.A., Garcia-Merino I., Rico C.G., de la Fuente J.G., Torre A.G., Portilla J., Merino E., Reus S., Boix V., Giner L., Gadea C., Portilla I., 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Vilades C., Veloso S., Vargas M., Lopez-Dupla M., Olona M., Aguilar A., Sirvent J.J., Alba V., Calavia O., Montero M., Lacruz J., Blanes M., Calabuig E., Cuellar S., Lopez J., Salavert M., de la Serna I.B., Arribas J.R., Montes M.L., Pena J.M., Arribas B., Castro J.M., Zamora J., Perez I., Estebanez M., Garcia S., Diaz M., Alcariz N.S., Mingorance J., Montero D., Gonzalez A., Isabel de Jose M., de los Santos I., Sanz J., Salas A., Sarria C., Berrocal A.G., Garcia-Fraile L., Oteo J.A., Blanco J.R., Ibarra V., Metola L., Sanz M., Perez-Martinez L., Pascual A., Ramos C., Arazo P., Gil D., Jaen A., Cairo M., Irigoyen D., Jordano Q., Xercavins M., Martinez-Lacasa J., Velli P., Font R., Sanmarti M., Ibanez L., Rivero M., Casado M.I., Diaz J.A., Uriz J., Reparaz J., Irigoyen C., Arraiza M.J., Segura F., Amengual M.J., Navarro G., Sala M., Cervantes M., Pineda V., Segura V., Navarro M., Anton E., Nogueras M.M., Casado J.L., Dronda F., Moreno A., Elias M.J.P., Lopez D., Gutierrez C., Madrid N., 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Pedreira J.D., Galera C., Albendin H., Iborra A., Campillo M.A., Vidal A., Amador C., Pasquau F., Ena J., Benito C., Fenoll V., Mohamed-Balghata M.O., Gomez M.A., Alberto de Zarraga M., Rivas M.E., Gorgolas M., Svedhem-Johansson V., Flamholc L., Gisslen M., Hejdeman B., Norgren H., Wendahl S., Global Health, Infectious diseases, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Aging & Later Life, ANS - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Internal medicine, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, AMS - Rehabilitation & Development, VU University medical center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Pediatric surgery, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Pulmonary medicine, Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Ethics, Law & Medical humanities, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), APH - Societal Participation & Health, Pediatrics, HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University College of London [London] (UCL), Public Health Agency of Sweden, University of Zagreb, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Public Health England [London], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Istituto Nazionale di Malattie Infettive 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' (INMI), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institution of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Stichting HIV Monitoring [Amsterdam], Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), University of Athens Medical School [Athens], Vourli, G, Noori, T, Pharris, A, Porter, K, Axelsson, M, Begovac, J, Cazein, F, Costagliola, D, Cowan, S, Croxford, S, Monforte, A, Delpech, V, Diaz, A, Girardi, E, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B, Hernando, V, Leierer, G, Lot, F, Nunez, O, Obel, N, Op de Coul, E, Paraskeva, D, Patrinos, S, Reiss, P, Schmid, D, Sonnerborg, A, Suligoi, B, Supervie, V, van Sighem, A, Zangerle, R, Touloumi, G, Egle, A, Kanatschnig, M, Ollinger, A, Rieger, A, Schmied, B, Wallner, E, Dewasurendra, D, Gisinger, M, Kitchen, M, Plattner, A, Rieser, E, Sarcletti, M, Greil, R, Schachner, M, Skocic, M, Muller, M, Aichwalder, R, Chromy, D, Grabmeier-Pfstershammer, K, Skoll, M, Touzeau, V, Cichon, P, Wolf-Nussmuller, S, Laferl, H, Zoufaly, A, Genger-Hackl, C, Kapper, A, Schneeberger, T, Trattner, E, Schober, G, Atzl, M, Hartmann, B, Puchhammer-Stockl, E, Berg, J, Appoyer, H, Rappold, M, Strickner, S, Schindelwig, K, Ledergerber, B, Fatkenheuer, G, Gerstof, J, Kronborg, G, Pedersen, C, Larsen, C, Pedersen, G, Mohey, R, Nielsen, L, Weise, L, Kvinesdal, B, Jensen, J, Abgrall, S, Bernard, L, Billaud, E, Boue, F, Boyer, L, Cabie, A, Caby, F, Canestri, A, Cotte, L, de Truchis, P, Duval, X, Duvivier, C, Enel, P, Fischer, H, Gasnault, J, Gaud, C, Grabar, S, Khuong-Josses, M, Launay, O, Marchand, L, Mary-Krause, M, Matheron, S, Melica-Gregoire, G, Melliez, H, Meynard, J, Nacher, M, Pavie, J, Piroth, L, Poizot-Martin, I, Pradier, C, Reynes, J, Rouveix, E, Simon, A, Slama, L, Tattevin, P, Tissot-Dupont, H, Biga, J, Kurth, T, Jacquemet, N, Guiguet, M, Leclercq, S, Lievre, L, Marshall, E, Roul, H, Selinger-Leneman, H, Potard, V, Benveniste, O, Breton, G, Lupin, C, Bourzam, E, Girard, P, Fonquernie, L, Valin, N, Lefebvre, B, Sebire, M, Pialoux, G, Lebrette, M, Tibaut, P, Adda, A, Hamidi, M, Cadranel, J, Lavole, A, Parrot, A, Bouchaud, O, Vignier, N, Mechai, F, Makhlouf, S, Honore, P, Bergmann, J, Delcey, V, Lopes, A, Sellier, P, Parrinello, M, Oksenhendler, E, Gerard, L, Molina, J, Rozenbaum, W, Denis, B, De Castro, N, Lascoux, C, Yazdanpanah, Y, Lariven, S, Joly, V, Rioux, C, Poupard, M, Taverne, B, Sutton, L, Masse, V, Genet, P, Wifaq, B, Gerbe, J, Grefe, S, Dupont, C, Freire Maresca, A, Reimann, E, Bloch, M, Meier, F, Mortier, E, Zeng, F, Montoya, B, Perronne, C, Mathez, D, Marigot-Outtandy, D, Berthe, H, Greder Belan, A, Terby, A, Godin Collet, C, Marque Juillet, S, Ruquet, M, Roussin-Bretagne, S, Colardelle, P, Granier, F, Laurichesse, J, Perronne, V, Akpan, T, Marcou, M, Daneluzzi, V, Veyssier-Belot, C, Masson, H, Welker, Y, Brazille, P, Kahn, J, Zucman, D, Majerholc, C, Fourn, E, Bornarel, D, Chambrin, V, Kansau, I, Raho-Moussa, M, Lelievre, J, Saidani, M, Chesnel, C, Dumont, C, Vittecoq, D, Derradji, O, Bolliot, C, Goujard, C, Teicher, E, Mole, M, Bourdic, K, Salmon, D, Le Jeunne, C, Guet, P, Pietri, M, Pannier Metzger, E, Marcou, V, Loulergue, P, Dupin, N, Morini, J, Deleuze, J, Gerhardt, P, Chanal, J, Weiss, L, Lucas, M, Jung, C, Ptak, M, Viard, J, Ghosn, J, Gazalet, P, Cros, A, Maignan, A, Lortholary, O, Rouzaud, C, Touam, F, Benhadj, K, Consigny, P, Bossi, P, Gergely, A, Cessot, G, Durand, F, Beck-Wirth, G, Michel, C, Benomar, M, Rey, D, Partisani, M, Cheneau, C, Batard, M, Fischer, P, Leclercq, P, Blanc, M, Morand, P, Epaulard, O, Signori-Schmuck, A, Laurichesse, H, Jacomet, C, Vidal, M, Coban, D, Casanova, S, Fresard, A, Guglielminotti, C, Botelho-Nevers, E, Brunon-Gagneux, A, Ronat, V, Verdon, R, Dargere, S, Haustraete, E, Feret, P, Goubin, P, Chavanet, P, Fillion, A, Croisier, D, Gohier, S, Arvieux, C, Souala, F, Chapplain, J, Ratajczak, M, Rohan, J, Faller, J, Ruyer, O, Gendrin, V, Toko, L, Chirouze, C, Hustache-Mathieu, L, Faucher, J, Proust, A, Magy-Bertrand, N, Gil, H, Meaux-Ruault, N, Sotto, A, Rouanet, I, Mauboussin, J, Doncesco, R, Jacques, G, May, T, Rabaud, C, Andre, M, Delestan, M, Bouillon, M, Bani-Sadr, F, Rouger, C, Berger, J, Nguyen, Y, Marchou, B, Delobel, P, Martin Blondel, G, Cuzin, L, Biezunski, N, Alric, L, Bonnet, D, Guivarch, M, Palacin, A, Payssan, V, Ajana, F, Meybeck, A, Viget, N, Pugliese, P, Roger, P, Rosenthal, E, Durant, J, Cua, E, Naqvi, A, Perbost, I, Risso, K, Quinsat, D, Raphael, S, Del Giudice, P, Dides, P, Sambuc, R, Antolini-Bouvenot, M, Druart, P, Meddeb, L, Ravaux, I, Menard, A, Tomei, C, Dhiver, C, Moreau, J, Mokhtari, S, Soavi, M, Tomas, V, Bregigeon, S, Faucher, O, Obry-Roguet, V, Ritleng, A, Petit, N, Bartoli, C, Ruiz, J, Blanc, D, Allegre, T, Sordage, M, Riou, J, Faudon, C, Slama, B, Zerazhi, H, Boulat, O, Chebrek, S, Beyrne, M, Granet Brunello, P, Pellissier, L, Bonnabel, D, Cohen Valensi, R, Mouchet, B, Mboungou, G, Lafeuillade, A, Hope-Rapp, E, Hittinger, G, Philip, G, Lambry, V, Raf, F, Allavena, C, Hall, N, Reliquet, V, Chidiac, C, Ferry, T, Perpoint, T, Miailhes, P, Boibieux, A, Livrozet, J, Makhlouf, D, Brunel, F, Chiarello, P, Hoen, B, Lamaury, I, Fabre, I, Samar, K, Duvallon, E, Clavel, C, Stegmann, S, Walter, V, Adriouch, L, Huber, F, Vanticlke, V, Couppie, P, Abel, S, Pierre-Francois, S, Ricaud, C, Rodet, R, Wartel, G, Sautron, C, Poubeau, P, Borgherini, G, Camuset, G, Arasteh, K, Kowohl Vivantes, S, Schurmann, D, Warncke Charite, M, Rockstroh, J, Wasmuth, J, Hass, S, Jensen, B, Feind, C, Esser, S, Schenk-Westkamp, P, Haberl, A, Stephan, C, Plettenberg, A, Kuhlendahl, F, Adam, A, Weitner, L, Schewe, K, Goey, H, Fenske, S, Buhk, T, Stellbrink, H, Hofmann, C, Hansen, S, Degen, O, Heuer, M, Stoll, M, Gerschmann, S, Horst, H, Trautmann, S, Gillor, D, Bogner, J, Sonntag, B, Salzberger, B, Fritzsche, C, Adamis, G, Antoniadou, A, Chini, M, Chrysos, G, Gikas, A, Gogos, H, Katsarou, O, Lazanas, M, Metallidis, S, Panagopoulos, P, Paparizos, V, Papastamopoulos, V, Paraskevis, D, Psychogiou, M, Sambatakou, H, Sipsas, N, Pantazis, N, Papadopoulos, A, Nitsotolis, T, Xylomenos, G, Marangos, M, Kouramba, A, Kontos, A, Lioni, A, Tsachouridou, O, Kourkounti, S, Ganitis, A, Barbounakis, E, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Antinori, A, Andreoni, M, Castagna, A, Castelli, F, Cauda, R, Di Perri, G, Galli, M, Iardino, R, Ippolito, G, Lazzarin, A, Marchetti, G, Rezza, G, von Schloesser, F, Viale, P, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Cozzi-Lepri, A, Lo Caputo, S, Mussini, C, Puoti, M, Perno, C, Bai, F, Balotta, C, Bandera, A, Bonora, S, Borderi, M, Calcagno, A, Capetti, A, Capobianchi, M, Cicalini, S, Cingolani, A, Cinque, P, Di Biagio, A, Gianotti, N, Gori, A, Guaraldi, G, Lapadula, G, Lichtner, M, Madeddu, G, Maggiolo, F, Monno, L, Nozza, S, Pinnetti, C, Quiros Roldan, E, Rossotti, R, Rusconi, S, Santoro, M, Saracino, A, Sarmati, L, Fanti, I, Galli, L, Lorenzini, P, Rodano, A, Macchia, M, Tavelli, A, Carletti, F, Carrara, S, Di Caro, A, Graziano, S, Petroni, F, Prota, G, Trufa, S, Giacometti, A, Costantini, A, Barocci, V, Angarano, G, Milano, E, Suardi, C, Donati, V, Verucchi, G, Castelnuovo, F, Minardi, C, Menzaghi, B, Abeli, C, Cacopardo, B, Celesia, B, Vecchiet, J, Falasca, K, Pan, A, Lorenzotti, S, Sighinolf, L, Segala, D, Blanc, P, Vichi, F, Cassola, G, Viscoli, C, Alessandrini, A, Bobbio, N, Mazzarello, G, Fondaco, L, Bonfanti, P, Molteni, C, Chiodera, A, Milini, P, Nunnari, G, Pellicano, G, Rizzardini, G, Cannizzo, E, Moioli, M, Piolini, R, Bernacchia, D, Salpietro, S, Tincati, C, Puzzolante, C, Migliorino, C, Sangiovanni, V, Borgia, G, Esposito, V, Di Flumeri, G, Gentile, I, Rizzo, V, Cattelan, A, Marinello, S, Cascio, A, Trizzino, M, Francisci, D, Schiaroli, E, Parruti, G, Sozio, F, Magnani, G, Ursitti, M, Cristaudo, A, Vullo, V, Acinapura, R, Moschese, D, Capozzi, M, Mondi, A, Rivano Capparuccia, M, Iaiani, G, Latini, A, Gagliardini, R, Plazzi, M, De Girolamo, G, Vergori, A, Cecchetto, M, Viviani, F, De Vito, A, Rossetti, B, Montagnani, F, Franco, A, Fontana Del Vecchio, R, Di Giuli, C, Caramello, P, Orofno, G, Sciandra, M, Bassetti, M, Londero, A, Manfrin, V, Battagin, G, Starnini, G, Ialungo, A, van der Valk, M, Geerlings, S, Goorhuis, A, Hovius, J, Lempkes, B, Nellen, F, van der Poll, T, Prins, J, van Vugt, M, Wiersinga, W, Wit, F, van Duinen, M, van Eden, J, Hazenberg, A, van Hes, A, Pijnappel, F, Smalhout, S, Weijsenfeld, A, Jurriaans, S, Back, N, Zaaijer, H, Berkhout, B, Cornelissen, M, Schinkel, C, Wolthers, K, Peters, E, van Agtmael, M, Bomers, M, Sigalof, K, Heitmuller, M, Laan, L, Ang, C, van Houdt, R, Jonges, M, van Prehn, J, Kuijpers, T, Pajkrt, D, Scherpbier, H, de Boer, C, van der Plas, A, van den Berge, M, Stegeman, A, Baas, S, Hage de Loof, L, Wintermans, B, Veenemans, J, Pronk, M, Ammerlaan, H, de Munnik, E, Jansz, A, Tjhie, J, Wegdam, M, Deiman, B, Scharnhorst, V, van Eeden, A, Brokking, W, Elsenburg, L, Nobel, H, Damen, M, van Kasteren, M, Berrevoets, M, Brouwer, A, Adams, A, de Kruijf-Van de Wiel, B, Keelan-Pfaf, S, van der Ven, B, Buiting, A, Murck, J, Versteeg, D, de Vries-Sluijs, T, Bax, H, van Gorp, E, Nouwen, J, Rijnders, B, Schurink, C, Verbon, A, de Jong-Peltenburg, N, Bassant, N, van Beek, J, Vriesde, M, van Zonneveld, L, van den Berg-Cameron, H, de Groot, J, Boucher, C, Koopmans, M, van Kampen, J, Fraaij, P, van Rossum, A, Vermont, C, van der Knaap, L, Visser, E, Branger, J, Douma, R, Duijf-Van de Ven, C, Schippers, E, van Nieuwkoop, C, van IJperen, J, Geilings, J, van der Hut, G, van Burgel, N, Leyten, E, Gelinck, L, Mollema, F, Davids-Veldhuis, S, Wildenbeest, G, Heikens, E, Groeneveld, P, Bouwhuis, J, Lammers, A, Kraan, S, van Hulzen, A, Kruiper, M, van der Bliek, G, Bor, P, Bloembergen, P, Wolfagen, M, Ruijs, G, Kroon, F, de Boer, M, Scheper, H, Jolink, H, Dorama, W, van Holten, N, Claas, E, Wessels, E, den Hollander, J, El Moussaoui, R, Pogany, K, Kastelijns, M, Smit, J, Smit, E, Struik-Kalkman, D, Tearno, C, van Niekerk, T, Pontesilli, O, Lowe, S, Oude Lashof, A, Posthouwer, D, Ackens, R, Burgers, K, Schippers, J, Weijenberg-Maes, B, van Loo, I, Havenith, T, Weijer, S, van Vonderen, M, Kampschreur, L, Faber, S, Steeman-Bouma, R, Weel, J, Kootstra, G, Delsing, C, van der Burg-Van de Plas, M, Heins, H, Kortmann, W, van Twillert, G, Renckens, R, Ruiter-Pronk, D, van Truijen-Oud, F, Cohen Stuart, J, Jansen, E, Hoogewerf, M, Rozemeijer, W, van der Reijden, W, Sinnige, J, Brinkman, K, van den Berk, G, Blok, W, Frissen, P, Lettinga, K, Schouten, W, Veenstra, J, Vrouenraets, S, Brouwer, C, Geerders, G, Hoeksema, K, Kleene, M, Knapen, M, van der Meche, I, Mulder-Seeleman, E, Toonen, A, Wijnands, S, Kwa, D, van Crevel, R, van Aerde, K, Doferhof, A, Henriet, S, ter Hofstede, H, Hoogerwerf, J, Keuter, M, Richel, O, Albers, M, Grintjes-Huisman, K, de Haan, M, Marneef, M, Strik-Albers, R, Rahamat-Langendoen, J, Stelma, F, Burger, D, Gisolf, E, Hassing, R, Claassen, M, ter Beest, G, van Bentum, P, Langebeek, N, Tiemessen, R, Swanink, C, van Lelyveld, S, Soetekouw, R, van der Prijt, L, van der Swaluw, J, Bermon, N, Jansen, R, Herpers, B, Veenendaal, D, Verhagen, D, Lauw, F, van Broekhuizen, M, van Wijk, M, Bierman, W, Bakker, M, Kleinnijenhuis, J, Kloeze, E, Middel, A, Scholvinck, E, Stienstra, Y, Verhage, A, Wouthuyzen-Bakker, K, Boonstra, A, de Groot-De Jonge, H, van der Meulen, P, de Weerd, D, Niesters, H, van Leer-Buter, C, Knoester, M, Hoepelman, A, Arends, J, Barth, R, Bruns, A, Ellerbroek, P, Mudrikova, T, Oosterheert, J, de Regt, M, Schadd, E, van Zoelen, M, Aarsman, K, Grifoen-Van Santen, B, de Kroon, I, van Rooijen, C, van Berkel, M, Schuurman, R, Verduyn-Lunel, F, Wensing, A, Bont, L, Geelen, S, Loefen, Y, Wolfs, T, Nauta, N, Zaheri, S, Boyd, A, Bezemer, D, Smit, C, Hillebregt, M, de Jong, A, Woudstra, T, Bergsma, D, Meijering, R, van de Sande, L, Rutkens, T, van der Vliet, S, de Groot, L, van den Akker, M, Bakker, Y, El Berkaoui, A, Bezemer, M, Bretin, N, Djoechro, E, Geerlinks, J, Kruijne, E, Lodewijk, C, Lucas, E, van der Meer, R, Munjishvili, L, Paling, F, Peeck, B, Ree, C, Regtop, R, Ruijs, Y, Schoorl, M, Schnorr, P, Tuijn, E, Veenenberg, L, Witte, E, Tuk, B, Moreno, S, del Amo, J, Dalmau, D, Navarro, M, Gonzalez, M, Blanco, J, Garcia, F, Rubio, R, Iribarren, J, Gutierrez, F, Vidal, F, Berenguer, J, Gonzalez, J, Sobrino, P, Alejos, B, Alvarez, D, Jarrin, I, Moreno, C, Munoz-Fernandez, M, Garcia-Merino, I, Rico, C, de la Fuente, J, Torre, A, Portilla, J, Merino, E, Reus, S, Boix, V, Giner, L, Gadea, C, Portilla, I, Pampliega, M, Diez, M, Rodriguez, J, Sanchez-Paya, J, Podzamczer, D, Imaz, E, Van Den Eyncle, E, Di Yacovo, S, Sumoy, M, Gomez, J, Hernandez, J, Aleman, M, Alonso, M, Hernandez, M, Diaz-Flores, F, Garcia, D, Pelazas, R, Asensi, V, Valle, E, Carton, J, Perez, V, Molina, M, Garcia, J, Carrera, E, Pulido, F, Bisbal, O, Matarranz, M, Lagarde, M, Rubio-Martin, R, Hernando, A, Bermejo, L, Dominguez, L, Arrizabalaga, J, Aramburu, M, Camino, X, Rodriguez-Arrondo, F, von Wichmann, M, Tome, L, Goenaga, M, Bustinduy, M, Galparsoro, H, Ibarguren, M, Aguado, M, Umerez, M, Masia, M, Lopez, C, Padilla, S, Navarro, A, Montolio, F, Robledano, C, Colome, J, Adsuar, A, Pascual, R, Carlos, F, Martinez, M, Fernandez, M, Garcia, E, Muga, R, Tor, J, Sanvisens, A, Bernaldo de Quiros Lopez, J, Miralles, P, Gutierrez, I, Ramirez, M, Padilla, B, Gijon, P, Carrero, A, Aldamiz-Echevarria, T, Tejerina, F, Parras, F, Balsalobre, P, Diez, C, Peraire, J, Vilades, C, Veloso, S, Vargas, M, Lopez-Dupla, M, Olona, M, Aguilar, A, Sirvent, J, Alba, V, Calavia, O, Montero, M, Lacruz, J, Blanes, M, Calabuig, E, Cuellar, S, Lopez, J, Salavert, M, de la Serna, I, Arribas, J, Montes, M, Pena, J, Arribas, B, Castro, J, Zamora, J, Perez, I, Estebanez, M, Garcia, S, Diaz, M, Alcariz, N, Mingorance, J, Montero, D, Gonzalez, A, Isabel de Jose, M, de los Santos, I, Sanz, J, Salas, A, Sarria, C, Berrocal, A, Garcia-Fraile, L, Oteo, J, Ibarra, V, Metola, L, Sanz, M, Perez-Martinez, L, Pascual, A, Ramos, C, Arazo, P, Gil, D, Jaen, A, Cairo, M, Irigoyen, D, Jordano, Q, Xercavins, M, Martinez-Lacasa, J, Velli, P, Font, R, Sanmarti, M, Ibanez, L, Rivero, M, Casado, M, Diaz, J, Uriz, J, Reparaz, J, Irigoyen, C, Arraiza, M, Segura, F, Amengual, M, Navarro, G, Sala, M, Cervantes, M, Pineda, V, Segura, V, Anton, E, Nogueras, M, Casado, J, Dronda, F, Moreno, A, Elias, M, Lopez, D, Gutierrez, C, Madrid, N, Lamas, A, Marti, P, de Diaz, A, Serrrano, S, Donat, L, Cano, A, Bernal, E, Munoz, A, Pena, A, Munoz, L, Parra, J, Alvarez, M, Chueca, N, Guillot, V, Vinuesa, D, Fernandez, J, Del Romero, J, Rodriguez, C, Puerta, T, Carrio, J, Vera, M, Ballesteros, J, Domingo, P, Sambeat, M, Lamarca, K, Mateo, G, Gutierrez, M, Fernandez, I, Antela, A, Losada, E, Riera, M, Penaranda, M, Leyes, M, Ribas, M, Campins, A, Vidal, C, Gil, L, Fanjul, F, Marinescu, C, Ribera, E, Santos, J, Marquez, M, Viciana, I, Palacios, R, Gonzalez, C, Viciana, P, Leal, M, Lopez-Cortes, L, Espinosa, N, Munoz, J, Zubero, M, Baraia-Etxaburu, J, Ibarra, S, Ferrero, O, Lopez de Munain, J, Camara, M, Lopez, I, de la Pena, M, Suarez-Garcia, I, Malmierca, E, Olalla, J, del Arco, A, de la Torre, J, Prada, J, Caracuel, Z, Lopez-Lirola, A, Lozano, A, Fernandez, E, Martinez, O, Vera, F, Martinez, L, Alcaraz, B, Jimeno, A, Poveda, E, Pernas, B, Mena, A, Grandal, M, Castro, A, Pedreira, J, Galera, C, Albendin, H, Iborra, A, Campillo, M, Vidal, A, Amador, C, Pasquau, F, Ena, J, Benito, C, Fenoll, V, Mohamed-Balghata, M, Gomez, M, Alberto de Zarraga, M, Rivas, M, Gorgolas, M, Svedhem-Johansson, V, Flamholc, L, Gisslen, M, Hejdeman, B, Norgren, H, and Wendahl, S
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Psychological intervention, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Medizin, Continuum of care, Europe, HIV infection, Key population, Sex, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Continuity of Patient Care, European Union, HIV, Humans, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, key population, 0302 clinical medicine, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Men having sex with men, media_common, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Transmission (medicine), Infectious Diseases, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, HIV infection, continuum of care, sex, key population, Europe, Microbiology (medical), Population, Socio-culturale, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, education, Pandemics, continuum of care, sex, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Major Articles and Commentaries, Anti-Retroviral Agent, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Demography
Abstract: Background High uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and related mortality; however, gaps in care exist. We aimed to construct the continuum of HIV care (CoC) in 2016 in 11 European Union (EU) countries, overall and by key population and sex. To estimate progress toward the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 target, we compared 2016 to 2013 estimates for the same countries, representing 73% of the population in the region. Methods A CoC with the following 4 stages was constructed: number of people living with HIV (PLHIV); proportion of PLHIV diagnosed; proportion of those diagnosed who ever initiated ART; and proportion of those ever treated who achieved viral suppression at their last visit. Results We estimated that 87% of PLHIV were diagnosed; 92% of those diagnosed had ever initiated ART; and 91% of those ever on ART, or 73% of all PLHIV, were virally suppressed. Corresponding figures for men having sex with men were: 86%, 93%, 93%, 74%; for people who inject drugs: 94%, 88%, 85%, 70%; and for heterosexuals: 86%, 92%, 91%, 72%. The proportion suppressed of all PLHIV ranged from 59% to 86% across countries. Conclusions The EU is close to the 90-90-90 target and achieved the UNAIDS target of 73% of all PLHIV virally suppressed, significant progress since 2013 when 60% of all PLHIV were virally suppressed. Strengthening of testing programs and treatment support, along with prevention interventions, are needed to achieve HIV epidemic control., Standardized definitions were used to estimate a 4-stage continuum of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care in 11 European Union (EU) countries in 2016. The EU is close to the 90-90-90 target, with the main challenge being the percentage of undiagnosed infections.
Published: 2020

15. Virological factors associated with outcome of dual maraviroc/raltegravir therapy (ANRS-157 trial)

Author: Soulié, Cathia, Assoumou, Lambert, Darty, Mélanie, Rodriguez, Christophe, Donati, Flora, Sayon, Sophie, Peytavin, Gilles, Valantin, Marc-Antoine, Caby, Fabienne, Schneider, Luminita, Canestri, Ana, Costagliola, Dominique, Katlama, Christine, Calvez, Vincent, Marcelin, Anne-Geneviève, Katlama, C., Simon, A., Valantin, M.-A., Assoumou, L., Costagliola, D., Soulié, C., Calvez, V., Marcelin, A.-G., Peytavin, G., Katlama, C., Simon, A., Valantin, M.-A., Assoumou, L., Costagliola, D., Chablais, L., Peytavin, G., Capeau, J., Bastard, J.-P., Kolta, S., Soulié, C., Calvez, V., Marcelin, A.-G., Cadiergues, S. Couffin, Saillard, J., Rey-Coquais, X., Durand, F., Lemarchand, C., Cuzin, L., Aboulker, J. P., Fisher, H., Hoen, B., Haffner-Mauvais, C., Duvivier, C., Shoai-Tehrani, M., Touam, F., Canestri, A., Dulucq, M.-J., Pialoux, G., Chas, J., Velazquez, N., Levy, Y., Chesnel, C., Scerra, S., Dominguez, S., Katlama, C., Valantin, M.-A., Dudoit, Y., Bourse, P., Schneider, L., Simon, A., Lupin, C., Molina, J. M., Ponscarme, D., Morlat, P., Caldato, S., Mercié, P., Caldato, S., Cotte, L., Koffi, K., Brochier, C., Thoirain, V., Martin, I. Poizot, Faucher, O., de la Marliere, P. Geneau, Debreux, C., Ritleng, A.-S., Reynes, J., Makinson, A., Crisol, C., Leclercq, P., Blanc, C., Gerberon, S., Cheret, A., Bonne, S., Marien, M.-C., Raffi, F., and Hue, H.
Published: 2015
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16. Plasma concentrations of maraviroc and raltegravir after dual therapy in patients with long-term suppressed viraemia: ROCnRAL ANRS 157 study

Author: Lê, Minh Patrick, Soulié, Cathia, Assoumou, Lambert, Valantin, Marc-Antoine, Duvivier, Claudine, Chas, Julie, Ponscarme, Diane, Marcelin, Anne-Geneviève, Calvez, Vincent, Katlama, Christine, Peytavin, Gilles, Katlama, C., Simon, A., Valantin, M.-A., Assoumou, L., Costagliola, D., Soulié, C., Calvez, V., Marcelin, A.-G., Peytavin, G., Katlama, C., Simon, A., Valantin, M.-A., Assoumou, L., Costagliola, D., Chablais, L., Peytavin, G., Capeau, J., Bastard, J.-P., Kolta, S., Soulié, C., Calvez, V., Marcelin, A.-G., Cadiergues, S. Couffin, Saillard, J., Rey-Coquais, X., Durand, F., Lemarchand, C., Cuzin, L., Aboulker, J. P., Fisher, H., Hoen, B., Haffner-Mauvais, C., Duvivier, C., Shoai-Tehrani, M., Touam, F., Canestri, A., Dulucq, M.-J., Pialoux, G., Chas, J., Velazquez, N., Levy, Y., Chesnel, C., Scerra, S., Dominguez, S., Katlama, C., Valantin, M.-A., Dudoit, Y., Bourse, P., Schneider, L., Simon, A., Lupin, C., Molina, J. M., Ponscarme, D., Morlat, P., Caldato, S., Mercié, P., Caldato, S., Cotte, L., Koffi, K., Brochier, C., Thoirain, V., Martin, I. Poizot, Faucher, O., de la Marliere, P. Geneau, Debreux, C., Ritleng, A.-S., Reynes, J., Makinson, A., Crisol, C., Leclercq, P., Blanc, C., Gerberon, S., Cheret, A., Bonne, S., Marien, M.-C., Raffi, F., and Hue, H.
Published: 2015
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17. Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution

Author: Kim, Jae-Young, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Broderick, Avery E., Wielgus, Maciek, Blackburn, Lindy, Gomez, Jose L., Johnson, Michael D., Bouman, Katherine L., Chael, Andrew, Akiyama, Kazunori, Jorstad, Svetlana, Marscher, Alan P., Issaoun, Sara, Janssen, Michael, Chan, Chi-kwan, Savolainen, Tuomas, Pesce, Dominic W., Ozel, Feryal, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Boland, Wilfred, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crowley, Joseph, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I, Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, John, David, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C-C, Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Antony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, Ziurys, Lucy, Kim, Jae-Young, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Broderick, Avery E., Wielgus, Maciek, Blackburn, Lindy, Gomez, Jose L., Johnson, Michael D., Bouman, Katherine L., Chael, Andrew, Akiyama, Kazunori, Jorstad, Svetlana, Marscher, Alan P., Issaoun, Sara, Janssen, Michael, Chan, Chi-kwan, Savolainen, Tuomas, Pesce, Dominic W., Ozel, Feryal, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Boland, Wilfred, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crowley, Joseph, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I, Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, John, David, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C-C, Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Antony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, and Ziurys, Lucy
Abstract: 3C 279 is an archetypal blazar with a prominent radio jet that show broadband flux density variability across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We use an ultra-high angular resolution technique - global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at 1.3 mm (230 GHz) - to resolve the innermost jet of 3C 279 in order to study its fine-scale morphology close to the jet base where highly variable gamma -ray emission is thought to originate, according to various models. The source was observed during four days in April 2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope at 230 GHz, including the phased Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), at an angular resolution of similar to 20 mu as (at a redshift of z=0.536 this corresponds to similar to 0.13 pc similar to 1700 Schwarzschild radii with a black hole mass M-BH=8x10(8) M-circle dot). Imaging and model-fitting techniques were applied to the data to parameterize the fine-scale source structure and its variation. We find a multicomponent inner jet morphology with the northernmost component elongated perpendicular to the direction of the jet, as imaged at longer wavelengths. The elongated nuclear structure is consistent on all four observing days and across different imaging methods and model-fitting techniques, and therefore appears robust. Owing to its compactness and brightness, we associate the northern nuclear structure as the VLBI core. This morphology can be interpreted as either a broad resolved jet base or a spatially bent jet. We also find significant day-to-day variations in the closure phases, which appear most pronounced on the triangles with the longest baselines. Our analysis shows that this variation is related to a systematic change of the source structure. Two inner jet components move non-radially at apparent speeds of similar to 15 c and similar to 20 c (similar to 1.3 and similar to 1.7 mu as day(-1), respectively), which more strongly supports the scenario of traveling shocks or instabilities in a be
Published: 2020

18. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole

Author: Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Gomez, Jose L., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Ozel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Young, Ken, Young, Andre, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crowley, Joseph, David, John, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C. -C., Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Paine, Scott N., Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Anthony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, Ziurys, Lucy, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Gomez, Jose L., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Ozel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Young, Ken, Young, Andre, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crowley, Joseph, David, John, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C. -C., Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Paine, Scott N., Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Anthony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, and Ziurys, Lucy
Abstract: When surrounded by a transparent emission region, black holes are expected to reveal a dark shadow caused by gravitational light bending and photon capture at the event horizon. To image and study this phenomenon, we have assembled the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometry array observing at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. This allows us to reconstruct event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole candidate in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. We have resolved the central compact radio source as an asymmetric bright emission ring with a diameter of 42 +/- 3 mu as, which is circular and encompasses a central depression in brightness with a flux ratio greater than or similar to 10: 1. The emission ring is recovered using different calibration and imaging schemes, with its diameter and width remaining stable over four different observations carried out in different days. Overall, the observed image is consistent with expectations for the shadow of a Kerr black hole as predicted by general relativity. The asymmetry in brightness in the ring can be explained in terms of relativistic beaming of the emission from a plasma rotating close to the speed of light around a black hole. We compare our images to an extensive library of ray-traced general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of black holes and derive a central mass of M = (6.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(9) M-circle dot. Our radio-wave observations thus provide powerful evidence for the presence of supermassive black holes in centers of galaxies and as the central engines of active galactic nuclei. They also present a new tool to explore gravity in its most extreme limit and on a mass scale that was so far not accessible.
Published: 2019

19. The Greenland telescope: Thule operations

Author: Geoffrey C. Bower, Z. Meyer-Zhao, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Satoki Matsushita, George Nystrom, Homin Jiang, Chih-Wei Locutus Huang, Keiichi Asada, Paul Shaw, Ryan Chilson, Chung Chen Chen, Chih Chiang Han, Song Chu Chang, Ranjani Srinivasan, Philippe Raffin, Chen Yu Yu, Peter Oshiro, Makoto Inoue, Timothy Norton, Fang Chia Hsieh, Li Ming Lu, Shu Hao Chang, Yau De Huang, Ta Shun Wei, Roger Brissenden, Juan Carlos Algaba Marcos, Ching Tang Liu, Derek Kubo, Craig Walther, Jessica Dempsey, Lupin C. Lin, Ming-Tang Chen, Fu Li Hsu, Hiroaki Nishioka, Hung Yi Pu, Patrick M. Koch, Masanori Nakamura, Chih Cheng Chang, Paul T. P. Ho, Tirupati K. Sridharan, Nimesh A. Patel, Aaron Faber, Jinchi Hao, Jun Yi Koay, Wen Ping Lo, Kuo Chang Han, Shoko Koyama, William Snow, Wei Long Chen, Alex Allardi, Per Friberg, Chao-Te Li, Pierre Martin-Cocher, Yutaka Hasegawa, Hideo Ogawa, Kimihiro Kimura, Kuan Yu Liu, and D. Bintley
Subjects: Telescope, Interferometry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, law, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Atacama Large Millimeter Array, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, law.invention
Abstract: The Greenland Telescope Project (GLT) has successfully commissioned its 12-m sub-millimeter. In January 2018, the fringes were detected between the GLT and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) during a very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) exercise. In April 2018, the telescope participated in global VLBI science observations at Thule Air Base (TAB). The telescope has been completely rebuilt, with many new components, from the ALMA NA (North America) Prototype antenna and equipped with a new set of sub-millimeter receivers operating at 86, 230, and 345 GHz, as well as a complete set of instruments and VLBI backends. This paper describes our progress and status of the project and its plan for the coming decade.
Published: 2018

20. GLT receiver commissioning at JCMT and future JCMT instrumentation

Author: Friberg, Per, primary, Berthold, Ryan, primary, Chuter, Tim, primary, Walther, Craig, primary, Liu, Kuan-Yu, primary, Dempsey, Jessica, primary, Ho, Paul T. P., primary, McGregor, Helen, primary, Matsushita, Satoki, primary, Asada, Keiichi, primary, Koyama, Shoko, primary, Nishioka, Hiroaki, primary, Han, Johnson C. C., primary, Huang, Chih-Wei L., primary, Lin, Lupin C. C., primary, Wei, Ta-Shun, primary, Chen, Ming-Tang, primary, Kubo, Derek Y., primary, Srinivasan, Ranjani, primary, Bower, Geoff, primary, Oshiro, Peter, primary, Bintley, Daniel, primary, and Rao, Ramprasad, primary
Published: 2018
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21. The Greenland telescope: Thule operations

Author: Chen, Ming-Tang, primary, Raffin, Philippe A., primary, Ho, Paul T. P., primary, Asada, Keiichi, primary, Matsushita, Satoki, primary, Han, Chih-Chiang J., primary, Nishioka, Hiroaki, primary, Wei, Ta-Shun, primary, Koch, Patrick M., primary, Inoue, Makoto, primary, Nystrom, George U., primary, Kubo, Derek Y., primary, Chang, Jack C., primary, Hsieh, Fang-Chia, primary, Pu, Hung-Yi, primary, Lin, Lupin C., primary, Shaw, Paul Y., primary, Jiang, Homin, primary, Huang, Ted Y., primary, Huang, Locutus C., primary, Chang, Joshua S., primary, Norton, Timothy J., primary, Patel, Nimesh A., primary, Liu, Bill C., primary, Martin-Cocher, Pierre, primary, Chen, Chung-Chen, primary, Chilson, Ryan, primary, Srinivasan, Ranjani, primary, Liu, Kuan-Yu, primary, Yu, Chen-Yu, primary, Bower, Geoffrey C., primary, Oshiro, Peter, primary, Snow, William, primary, Koyama, Shoko, primary, Koay, Jun Yi, primary, Li, Chao-Te, primary, Lo, Weng-Ping, primary, Nakamura, Masanori, primary, Bintley, Daniel, primary, Walther, Craig, primary, Friberg, Per, primary, Dempsey, Jessica, primary, Sridharan, T.K., primary, Doeleman, Sheperd S., primary, Brissenden, Roger, primary, Ogawa, Hideo, primary, Hasegawa, Kimihiro, primary, Jinchi, Hao, primary, Han, Kuo-Chang, primary, Chang, Song-Chu, primary, Lu, Li-Ming L., primary, Marcos, Juan-Carlos Algaba, primary, Allardi, Alex, primary, Faber, Aaron, primary, Chen, Wei-Long, primary, Hsu, Fu-Li, primary, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, primary, and Hasegawa, Yutaka, primary
Published: 2018
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22. Control and monitoring system for the Greenland telescope: computers, network and software

Author: Nishioka, Hiroaki, primary, Huang, Chih-Wei L., primary, Patel, Patel A., primary, Kubo, Derek Y., primary, Martin-Cocher, Pierre, primary, Han, Chih-Chiang J., primary, Yu, Chen-Yu, primary, Jiang, Homin, primary, Srinivasan, Ranjani, primary, Matsushita, Satoki, primary, Asada, Keiichi, primary, Bower, Geoffrey C., primary, Chang, Shu-Hao, primary, Chen, Ming-Tang, primary, Ho, Paul T. P., primary, Huang, Yau-De, primary, Inoue, Makoto, primary, Koyama, Shoko, primary, Lin, Lupin C. C., primary, Liu, Ching-Tang, primary, Norton, Timothy J., primary, Nystrom, George U., primary, Wei, Ta-Shun, primary, Berthold, Ryan M., primary, Friberg, Per, primary, Chuter, Tim, primary, Liu, Kuan-Yu, primary, Walther, Craig A., primary, Koay, Jun-Yi, primary, Lo, Wen-Ping, primary, Koch, Patrick M., primary, Peter, Oshiro, primary, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, primary, Bintley, Dan, primary, Jessica, Dempsey, primary, Nakamura, Masanori, primary, and Doeleman, Sheperd S., primary
Published: 2018
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23. Commissioning status of the Greenland telescope

Author: Matsushita, Satoki, primary, Koay, Jun-Yi, primary, Lo, Wen-Ping, primary, Faber, Aaron, primary, Han, Kou-Chang, primary, Chang, Song-Chu, primary, Lu, Li-Ming, primary, Asada, Keiichi, primary, Han, Johnson C. C., primary, Nishioka, Hiroaki, primary, Koyama, Shoko, primary, Huang, Chih-Wei L., primary, Lin, Lupin C. C., primary, Liu, Kuan-Yu, primary, Yu, Chen-Yu, primary, Chen, Ming-Tang, primary, Ho, Paul T. P., primary, Kubo, Derek Y., primary, Srinivasan, Ranjani, primary, Bower, Geoffrey C., primary, Inoue, Makoto, primary, Bintley, Dan, primary, Friberg, Per, primary, Berthold, Ryan M., primary, Walther, Craig A., primary, Dempsey, Jessica T., primary, Weintroub, Jonathan, primary, Young, André, primary, Young, Ken, primary, Patel, Nimesh A., primary, Koch, Patrick M., primary, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, primary, Byun, Do-Young, primary, Algaba Marcos, Juan-Carlos, primary, Chang, Shu-Hao, primary, Chen, Chung-Chen, primary, Chilson, Ryan, primary, Huang, Yau-De, primary, Jiang, Homin, primary, Liu, Ching-Tang, primary, Martin-Cocher, Pierre, primary, Nakamura, Masanori, primary, Nystrom, George, primary, Oshiro, Peter, primary, Pu, Hung-Yi, primary, Raffin, Philippe, primary, Shaw, Paul, primary, Snow, Williams, primary, Wei, Ta-Shun, primary, Sridharan, T. K., primary, Doeleman, Sheperd S., primary, Brissenden, Roger, primary, Ogawa, Hideo, primary, Kimura, Kimihiro, primary, Hasegawa, Yutaka, primary, Norton, Timothy J., primary, Allardi, Alex, primary, and Hao, Jinchi, primary
Published: 2018
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24. Investigation of CTA 1 using aSuzakuobservation

Author: Albert K. H. Kong, R. H. H. Huang, Lupin C. C. Lin, Jumpei Takata, Teruaki Enoto, Shinpei Shibata, Hsiang-Kuang Chang, Chorng Yuan Hwang, C. Y. Hui, and Jau-Shian Liang
Subjects: Physics, Nebula, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Pulsar wind nebula, Synchrotron, Spectral line, law.invention, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, law, Supernova remnant
Abstract: We report on an 105 ks Suzaku observation of the supernova remnant CTA 1 (G119.5+10.2). The Suzaku soft X-ray observation was carried out with both timing mode and imaging mode. A ~ 10' extended feature, which is interpreted as a bow-shock component of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN), is revealed in this deep observation for the first time. The nebular spectrum can be modelled by a power-law with a photon index of ~ 1.8 which suggests a slow synchrotron cooling scenario. The photon index is approximately constant across this extended feature. We compare and discuss our observations of this complex nebula with previous X-ray investigations. We do not obtain any significant pulsation from the central pulsar in the soft (0.2-12 keV) and hard (10-60 keV) X-ray data. The non-detection is mainly due to the loss of the precise imaging ability to accurately determine the source contribution. The spectra of XIS and HXD can be directly connected without a significant spectral break according to our analysis. Future observations of NuSTAR and Astro-H would be able to resolve the contamination and provide an accurate hard X-ray measurement of CTA 1.
Published: 2012

25. DETECTION OF AN X-RAY PULSATION FOR THE GAMMA-RAY PULSAR CENTERED IN CTA 1

Author: R. H. H. Huang, Albert K. H. Kong, Lupin C. C. Lin, Jumpei Takata, Chorng Yuan Hwang, and C. Y. Hui
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Neutron star, Pulsar, Spitzer Space Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We report the detection of X-ray pulsations with a period of ~315.87 ms from the 2009 XMM-Newton observation for the radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar, LAT PSR J0007+7303, centered in the supernova remnant CTA 1. The detected pulsed period is consistent with the gamma-ray periodicity at the same epoch found with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The broader sinusoidal structure in the folded light curve of the X-ray emission is dissimilar to that of the gamma-ray emission, and the phase of the peak is about 0.5 shifting from the peak in the gamma-ray bands, indicating that the main component of the X-rays originates from different sites of the pulsar. We conclude that the main component of the X-ray pulsation is contributed by the thermal emission from the neutron star. Although with a significantly different characteristic age, PSR~J0007+7303 is similar to Geminga in emission properties of X-rays and gamma-rays; this makes PSR J0007+7303 the second radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar with detected X-ray pulsations after Geminga., 7 pages, 4 figures and 1 table; accepted by ApJL
Published: 2010

26. Commissioning Status of the Green land Telescope(GTL).

Author: Satoki Matsushita, Keiichi Asada, Makoto Inoue, Hiroaki Nishioka, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Patel, Nimesh A., Jun Yi Koay, Shoko Koyama, Koch, Patrick, Zheng Meyer-Zhao, Lin, Lupin C.-C., Ho, Paul T. P., Ming-Tang Chen, Norton, Timothy J., Kuan-Yu Liu, Chen-Yu Yu, Do-Young Byun, Algaba Marcos, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alex, and Bower, Geoffrey C.
Published: 2018
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27. Periodicity Search in the X-ray Data of RX J0007.0+7302

Author: Lupin C.-C. Lin and Hsiang-Kuang Chang
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2005

28. Discovery of an ultracompact gamma-ray millisecond pulsar binary candidate

Author: Albert K. H. Kong, Pak-Hin Thomas Tam, Ruolan Jin, C. Y. Hui, T.-C. Yen, Lupin C. C. Lin, Chunglee Kim, Jumpei Takata, S. M. Park, Chin-Ping Hu, and K. S. Cheng
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Visible radiation, Astrophysics, Stars, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Millisecond pulsar, Modulation, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We report multi-wavelength observations of the unidentified Fermi object 2FGL J1653.6-0159. With the help of high-resolution X-ray observation, we have identified an X-ray and optical counterpart of 2FGL J1653.6-0159. The source exhibits a periodic modulation of 75 min in optical and possibly also in X-ray. We suggest that 2FGL J1653.6-0159 is a compact binary system with an orbital period of 75 min. Combining the gamma-ray and X-ray properties, 2FGL J1653.6-0159 is potentially a black widow/redback type gamma-ray millisecond pulsar (MSP). The optical and X-ray lightcurve profiles show that the companion is mildly heated by the high-energy emission and the X-rays are from intrabinary shock. Although no radio pulsation has been detected yet, we estimated that the spin period of the MSP is ~2ms based on a theoretical model. If pulsation can be confirmed in the future, 2FGL J1653.6-0159 will become the first ultracompact rotation-powered MSP., 5 pages, 2 figures; Accepted for publication in ApJL
Published: 2014

29. Quiescent Prominence Equilibria

Author: Tzihong Chiueh and Lupin C. C. Lin
Subjects: Physics, Polarity (physics), Condensation, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Astrophysics, Corona, Solar prominence, Magnetic field, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Thermal, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Magnetohydrodynamics
Abstract: With a new analytical method, we present a static model for quiescent solar prominences of inverse polarity. These prominences have a plasma β slightly below unity and correspond to those located in the lower corona. Although this static model cannot address the helmet-like features at the top of the prominences, which are believed to be associated with the open-field topology and driven by outflows, the model may nevertheless capture several characteristic features of the solar prominences. These features include the sheetlike gas condensation hanging above an asymptotically weak magnetic cusp, the sheared magnetic arcades/loops, the coronal cavity, radio dark strips cospatial with the Hα filaments, bright radio ribbons located on both sides of the dense prominence sheet, and the increasing magnetic field strength with height along the prominence sheet. In our model, the densest gas is contained within a narrow field-free tube immediately above the prominence sheet. Thermally insulated by the surrounding strong fields, this narrow tube may be a natural site for housing the cool gas (≥104 K) siphoned from the lower solar atmosphere. We also find that there are hot spots (≤107 K) located on the sides of the prominence loop, which might be the source of thermal X-ray emission in the quiet Sun.
Published: 1999

30. STUDYING THE SGR 1806-20/Cl* 1806-20 REGION USING THEFERMILARGE AREA TELESCOPE

Author: Yeung, Paul K. H., primary, Kong, Albert K. H., additional, Tam, P. H. Thomas, additional, Lin, Lupin C. C., additional, Hui, C. Y., additional, Hu, Chin-Ping, additional, and Cheng, K. S., additional
Published: 2016
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31. STUDYING THE SGR 1806-20/Cl* 1806-20 REGION USING THEFERMILARGE AREA TELESCOPE

Author: Albert K. H. Kong, P. H. Thomas Tam, Paul K. H. Yeung, Chin-Ping Hu, K. S. Cheng, Lupin C. C. Lin, and C. Y. Hui
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The region around SGR 1806-20 and its host stellar cluster Cl* 1806-20 is a potentially important site of particle acceleration. The soft $\gamma-$ray repeater and Cl* 1806-20, which also contains several very massive stars including a luminous blue variable hypergiant LBV 1806-20, are capable of depositing a large amount of energy to the surroundings. Using the data taken with the \emph{Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT), we identified an extended LAT source to the south-west of Cl* 1806-20. The centroid of the 1-50~GeV emission is consistent with that of HESS J1808-204 (until now unidentified). The LAT spectrum is best-fit by a broken power-law with the break energy $E_\mathrm{b}=297\pm15$ MeV. The index above $E_\mathrm{b}$ is $2.60\pm0.04$, and is consistent with the flux and spectral index above 100 GeV for HESS J1808-204, suggesting an association between the two sources. Meanwhile, the interacting supernova remnant SNR G9.7-0.0 is also a potential contributor to the LAT flux. A tentative flux enhancement at the MeV band during a 45-day interval (2011 Jan 21 - 2011 Mar 7) is also reported. We discuss possible origins of the extended LAT source in the context of both leptonic and hadronic scenarios., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2016

32. Evidence for gamma-ray emission from the low-mass X-ray binary system FIRST J102347.6+003841

Author: P. H. Thomas Tam, Lupin C. C. Lin, Albert K. H. Kong, C. Y. Hui, K. S. Cheng, Ronald E. Taam, Jumpei Takata, R. H. H. Huang, and Y.J. Yang
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray binary, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spitzer Space Telescope, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Millisecond pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Low Mass, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) system FIRST J102347.6+003841 hosts a newly born millisecond pulsar (MSP) PSR J1023+0038 that was revealed as the first and only known rotation-powered MSP in a quiescent LMXB. While the system is shown to have an accretion disk before 2002, it remains unclear how the accretion disk has been removed in order to reveal the radio pulsation in 2007. In this Letter, we report the discovery of gamma-rays spatially consistent with FIRST J102347.6+003841, at a significance of 7 standard deviations, using data obtained by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The gamma-ray spectrum can be described by a power law (PL) with a photon index of 2.9+-0.2, resulting in an energy flux above 200 MeV of (5.5+-0.9)x10^{-12} erg cm^{-2}s^{-1}. The gamma-rays likely originate from the MSP PSR J1023+0038, but also possibly from an intrabinary shock between the pulsar and its companion star. To complement the gamma-ray study, we also re-investigate the XMM-Newton data taken in 2004 and 2008. Our X-ray spectral analysis suggests that a broken PL with two distinct photon indices describes the X-ray data significantly better than a single PL. This indicates that there exists two components and that both components appear to vary with the orbital phase. The evidence for gamma-ray emission conforms with a recent suggestion that gamma-rays from PSR J1023+0038 may be responsible for ejecting the disk material out of the system., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, ApJ Letters, in press; corrections made for the gamma flux values
Published: 2010
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33. Periodicity Search in the X-Ray Data of RX J0007.0+7302

Author: Hsiang-Kuang Chang and Lupin C. C. Lin
Subjects: Physics, biology, X ray data, Egret, Astronomy, Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification
Abstract: Some unidentified EGRET sources have been reported to have probable X-ray counterparts. Periodicities in the X-ray data of those sources, if found, may help to strengthen the identification and to reveal their nature. We performed a detailed search of periodicities with a photon-counting method, the H-test, in the XMM and ASCA data of RX J0007.0+7302, which is the most probable X-ray counterpart to the EGRET source 3EG J0010+7309. Although no periods with enough significance were found, a possible one, at 0.1275433±0.0000001 s (MJD 52327.03399), is quite intriguing based on results of cross-checking the two data sets. We suggest future analysis with other data to search the vicinity of this period.
Published: 2005

34. Periodicity Search in the X-Ray Data of RX J0007.0+7302

Author: Lin, Lupin C.-C., primary and Chang, Hsiang-Kuang, additional
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35. The Greenland telescope: Thule operations

Author: Marshall, Heather K., Spyromilio, Jason, Chen, Ming-Tang, Raffin, Philippe, Ho, Paul T. P., Inoue, Makoto, Liu, Ching-Tang, Huang, Yau-De, Han, Chih-Chiang, Norton, Timothy J., Matsushita, Satoki, Asada, Keiichi, Nystrom, George, Kubo, Derek, Patel, Nimesh A., Chang, Shu-Hao, Wei, Ta-Shun, Martin-Cocher, Pierre, Jiang, Homin, Shaw, Paul, Nishioka, Hiroaki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Chen, Chung-Chen, Koch, Patrick, Chilson, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ranjani, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Yu, Chen-Yu, Bower, Geoffrey, Oshiro, Peter, Snow, William, Koyama, Shoko, Koay, Jun Yi, Li, Chao-Te, Lo, Wen-Ping, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Nakamura, Masanori, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Pu, Hung-Yi, Lin, Lupin C., Bintley, Daniel, Walther, Craig, Friberg, Per, Dempsey, Jessica, Sridharan, T. K., Doeleman, Sheperd S., Brissenden, Roger, Ogawa, Hideo, Kimura, Kimihiro, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Hao, Jinchi, Han, Kuo-Chang, Chang, Song-Chu, Lu, Li-Ming, Algaba Marcos, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alex, Faber, Aaron, Hsu, Fu-li, Chen, Wei-Long, and Hsieh, Fang-Chia
Published: 2018
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36. Investigation of CTA 1 using aSuzakuobservation

Author: Lin, Lupin C. C., primary, Takata, Jumpei, additional, Kong, Albert K. H., additional, Hui, C. Y., additional, Enoto, Teruaki, additional, Chang, H. K., additional, Huang, Regina H. H., additional, Liang, J. S., additional, Shibata, Shinpei, additional, and Hwang, C. Y., additional
Published: 2012
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37. Periodicity Search in the X-ray Data of RX J0007.0+7302

Author: Lin, Lupin C.-C., primary and Chang, Hsiang-Kuang, additional
Published: 2005
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Quiescent Prominence Equilibria

Author: Chiueh, Tzihong, primary and Lin, Lupin C. C., additional
Published: 1999
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Commissioning status of the Greenland Telescope (GLT)

Author: Marshall, Heather K., Spyromilio, Jason, Matsushita, Satoki, Asada, Keiichi, Inoue, Makoto, Nishioka, Hiroaki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Patel, Nimesh A., Koay, Jun Yi, Koyama, Shoko, Koch, Patrick, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Lin, Lupin C.-C., Ho, Paul T. P., Chen, Ming-Tang, Norton, Timothy J., Liu, Kuan-Yu, Yu, Chen-Yu, Byun, Do-Young, Algaba Marcos, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alex, Bower, Geoffrey C., Chang, Shu-Hao, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Faber, Aaron, Han, Chih-Chiang, Huang, Yau-De, Jiang, Homin, Kubo, Derek, Liu, Ching-Tang, Lo, Wen-Ping, Martin-Cocher, Pierre, Nakamura, Masanori, Nystrom, George, Oshiro, Peter, Pu, Hung-Yi, Raffin, Philippe, Shaw, Paul, Snow, Williams, Srinivasan, Ranjani, Wei, Ta-Shun, Berthold, Ryan, Bintley, Daniel, Dempsey, Jessica, Friberg, Per, Walther, Craig, Weintroub, Jonathan, Young, André, Young, Ken, Sridharan, T. K., Doeleman, Sheperd S., Brissenden, Roger, Ogawa, Hideo, Kimura, Kimihiro, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Hao, Jinchi, Han, Kou-Chang, Chang, Song-Chu, and Lu, Li-Ming
Published: 2018
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40. STUDYING THE SGR 1806-20/Cl* 1806-20 REGION USING THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE.

Author: Paul K. H. Yeung, Albert K. H. Kong, P. H. Thomas Tam, Lupin C. C. Lin, C. Y. Hui, Chin-Ping Hu, and K. S. Cheng
Subjects: RR Lyrae stars, GALAXY clusters, STAR clusters, SUPERNOVAE, CATACLYSMIC variable stars
Abstract: The region around SGR 1806-20 and its host stellar cluster Cl* 1806-20 is a potentially important site of particle acceleration. The soft γ-ray repeater and Cl* 1806-20, which also contains several very massive stars including a luminous blue variable hypergiant LBV 1806-20, are capable of depositing a large amount of energy to the surroundings. Using the data taken with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), we identified an extended LAT source to the southwest of Cl* 1806-20. The centroid of the 1–50 GeV emission is consistent with that of HESS J1808-204 (until now unidentified). The LAT spectrum is best-fit by a broken power law with the break energy . The index above Eb is 2.60 ± 0.04 and is consistent with the flux and spectral index above 100 GeV for HESS J1808-204, suggesting an association between the two sources. Meanwhile, the interacting supernova remnant SNR G9.7-0.0 is also a potential contributor to the LAT flux. A tentative flux enhancement at the MeV band during a 45 day interval (2011 January 21–March 7) is also reported. We discuss possible origins of the extended LAT source in the context of both leptonic and hadronic scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group O Infection in France: Clinical Features and Immunovirological Response to Antiretrovirals

Author: Henri Panjo, Guillemette Unal, François Simon, Jean-Christophe Plantier, Elodie Alessandri-Gradt, Diane Descamps, Charlotte Charpentier, Juliette Pavie, Marie Leoz, Francis Barin, Laurence Meyer, Clément Lefèvre, Orivao Study, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Faculté de Médecine [Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), ORIVAO Study : Chennebault J, Fialaire P, Le Guillou-Guillemette H, Rehaiem S, Chanzy B, Clavere G, Gaillat J, Courdavault L, Genet P, Gerbe J, Benoit C, Honore Bouakline S, Waldner A, Bettinger D, Chirouze C, Bernard N, Reigadas S, Dupont X, Gaillard JL, Gault E, Reimann E, Otterbein G, Thomas L, Vaghefi P, Benoit M, Buthiot N, Goux A, Chambrin V, Deback C, Fior R, Raho Moussa M, Antoniotti O, Coban D, Cormerais L, Henquell C, Jacomet C, Lesens O, Chanoine N, Villmant A, Van Autreve JL, Bloch M, Ichou H, Manceron V, Mortier E, Zeng A, Bouvier-Alias M, Dominguez S, Lascaux-Cametez AS, Lelievre JD, Levy Y, Melica-Gregoire G, Pawlotsky JM, Pothier P, Waldner A, Inchiappa L, Verhaeghe A, Olivier B, Pathe JP, Berthe H, Mathez D, Favret V, Troisvallets D, Vandemeulebroucke E, Ceccaldi J, El Harif Z, Bocket L, Barbut P, Chaix F, Lambert C, Lambolez T, Miatezila J, Son O, Brunet P, Chappe C, Dhiver C, Lecomte V, Meddeb L, Poizot-Martin I, Tamalet C, Valadier J, Beck-Wirth G, Benomar M, Delarbre JM, Peter JM, Bevilacqua S, Venard V, Daneluzzi V, Idri N, Montoya B, Ferre V, Garnier E, Hue H, Larmet L, Point P, Raffi F, Reliqiet V, Rodallec A, Secher S, Amoyel P, Botton E, Janowski M, Le Cocguic Y, Deleplanque P, Descamps JM, Lapine M, Sunder S, Chansombat M, Charpentier C, Damond F, Diallo B, Duval X, Julia Z, Landman R, Legac S, Rioux C, Yeni P, Krivine A, Blanche P, Cros A, Gazalet P, Ghosn J, Krivine A, Sobel A, Bercot B, Diemer M, Parrinello M, Bey Boumezrag C, Bodard L, Gibert S, Huche FX, Raffenne L, Strebler M, Blanc C, Bourzam E, Hansel B, Lupin C, Wirden M, Bourzam E, Collias L, Effa J, Jung C, Pavie J, Pere H, Si Mohamed A, Delaugerre C, Gerard L, Loze B, Maylin S, Nabias R, Ponscarme D, Deleuze J, Rozenberg F, Bachour B, Bani-Sadr F, Chas J, Hamidi M, Kherallah L, Le Nagat S, Le Pendeven C, Moreau F, Nicolas JC, Schneider V, Tabone MD, Vaudre G, Giraudeau G, Le Moal G, Plainchamp D, Blondin G, Dorval I, Duthe JC, Perfezou P, Berger JL, Brodard V, Kmiec I, Rouger C, Strady C, Chappelin JM, Maillard A, Ratajczak M, Debab Y, De Oliveira F, Depatureaux A, Gueit I, Lemee V, Theron D, Pasdeloup I, Camps P, Bigaillon C, Ficko C, Imbert C, Rapp C, Grand C, Michau C, Bornarel D, Devillier P, Farfour E, Majerholc C, Vignon D, Zucman D, El Addouli M, Danjoux MF, Journe J, Leveneur Y, Marchou B, Nicot F, Prevoteau Du Clary F, Bonne S., Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Dupuis, Christine
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Cart, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Survival analysis, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, business.industry, Genetic Variation, Middle Aged, Viral Load, 030112 virology, Antiretroviral therapy, 3. Good health, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Regimen, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HIV-1, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Background:To obtain reliable clinical data of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (HIV-1/O) infection, and immunovirological responses to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), in a large series of 101 patients.Methods:Piecewise linear models were used to estimate CD4 count before and after cART initiation. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate time to reach clinical stage C before antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to analyze time to achieve a plasma viral load (pVL)
Published: 2018

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