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Depression is a common clinical mental illness affecting patients’ quality of life. There has been a more systematic understanding of the treatment of depression in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This paper intended to explore the etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, treatment and Traditional Chinese Medicine characteristic nursing intervention of depression from the point of traditional Chinese medicine, and reviewed relevant literature, in order to provide useful ideas for clinical treatment. (抑郁症严重影响患者生活质量。祖国医学对抑郁症的相关论治已有较为系统的认识。本文拟从中医的角度探讨抑郁症相关病因病机、辨证论治以及中医特色护理干预措施, 并对相关文献进行总结与探讨, 以期为临床治疗提供有益思路。)

Li–O2 batteries (LOB) are considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices using renewable electricity to power electric vehicles because of its exceptionally high energy density. Carbon materials have been widely employed in LOB for its light weight and facile availability. In particular, graphene is a suitable candidate due to its unique two-dimensional structure, high conductivities, large specific surface areas, and good stability at high charge potential. However, the intrinsic catalytic activity of graphene is insufficient for the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in LOB. Therefore, various surface functionalization schemes for graphene have been developed to tailor the surface chemistry of graphene. In this review, the properties and performances of functionalized graphene cathodes are discussed from theoretical and experimental aspects, including heteroatomic doping, oxygen functional group modifications, and catalyst decoration. Heteroatomic doping breaks electric neutrality of sp2 carbon of graphene, which forms electron-deficient or electron-rich sites. Oxygen functional groups mainly create defective edges on graphene oxides with C−O, C=O, and −COO−. Catalyst decoration is widely attempted by various transition and precious metal and metal oxides. These induced reactive sites usually improve the ORR and/or OER in LOB by manipulating the adsorption energies of O2, LiO2, Li2O2, and promoting electron transportation of cathode. In addition, functionalized graphene is used in anode and separators to prevent shuttle effect of redox mediators and suppress growth of Li dendrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

V2O3 is considered to be a potential anode material due to its large specific capacity and rich resources. Herein, flock‐like V2O3 coated with carbon is prepared through a facile and simple solvothermal method followed by annealing at a relatively low temperature. The structure of V2O3/C is composed of porous strips. Due to the unique morphology and structure, the V2O3/C anode material shows excellent electrochemical performance. It delivers a specific discharge capacity of 696 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, which is 95% of the specific discharge capacity (732 mAh g−1) after the sixth cycle. The V2O3/C anode material annealed at 360 °C (V2O3/C‐360) delivers 601 mAh g−1 at a current density of 300 mA g−1 after 500 cycles. It implies superior cyclic stability of V2O3/C‐360. In addition, the anode also shows excellent rate capability. Specific capacities of approximately 600, 420, and 300 mAh g−1 are obtained at the current densities of 0.3, 2, and 5 A g−1, respectively. The large current contribution of the capacitive reveals favorable superior lithium storage kinetics. This anode material presents great application potential in high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive polypyrrole (PPy) coated urchin‐like hollow NiCo2O4 (NCO) porous microspheres (NCO@PPy) were synthesized by an easy and cost‐effective method. The NCO@PPy shows improved cycling stability and rate capability in comparison with the pure NiCo2O4 when used as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. In order to undersatnd the improvement of electrochemical performance of NCO@PPy, kinetic parameters and the lithium storage mechanism are investigated by EIS spectra and sweep voltammetry measurements. The sweep‐rate‐dependent CV (cyclic voltammetry) curves demonstrate an ever‐increasing redox capacitive‐controlled lithium storage originating from both, the hierarchical hollow structure and the effect of the PPy coating layer. The apparent Li+ ion diffusion coefficient of NCO@PPy and NCO derived from EIS and CV curves indicates that PPy coating layer reduces the charge‐transfer resistances and improves the lithium‐ion diffusion coefficient. Conductive polypyrrole (PPy) coated urchin‐like hollow NiCo2O4 (NCO) porous microspheres (NCO@PPy) are synthesized as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Enhanced conductivity and improved pseudocapacitive are observed, leading to superior electrochemical performance of the NiCo2O4@PPy composite when compared to NCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MnO-modified LiV(PO)/C (LVP/C) composites with plate-like structure were prepared via an improved sol-gel method followed by PVA-assisted suspension coating. The plate-like structure provides an enlarged contact area between the electrolyte and electrode, alleviating the Li diffusion and e transport during the reaction process. The formed hybrid coating layer consisted of C and MnO has the double effects, that is, the formation of a complete continuous protective layer on the surface of LVP particles and the simultaneous improvement of electronic and ionic conductivities. This coating layer not only prevents the V dissolution into the electrolyte, but also achieves the simultaneous Li/e diffusion at charge-discharge process. Benefiting from the unique structure and the synergistic effect of C and MnO, the 3 wt% MnO-modified LVP/C material (M-3) exhibits the most excellent electrochemical performance among all the samples. At a high current rate of 5 C, the M-3 electrode delivers a discharge capacity of 113.2 mAh g and corresponds to capacity retention almost 100% after 100 cycles. Even at low temperatures of 0 and − 20 °C, the discharge capacities of M-3 are 102.4 mAh g at 2 C and 81.6 mAh g at 1 C, with capacity retention of 98.8 and 97.3%, respectively. The enhanced electrochemical performance of M-3 is mainly attributed to the cooperation of C and MnO, which provides large specific surface area and complete conductive network. As a result, the MnO-modified LVP/C composites with the plate-like structure can be a promising candidate as cathode materials for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing new strategies to enable chemo- and regioselective reductions is an important topic in chemical research. Herein, an efficient and regioselective Pd/IPr BIDEA -catalyzed ring-opening hydrodefluorination of gem -difluorocyclopropanes to access terminal fluoroalkenes is developed. The success of this transformation was attributed to the use of 3,3-dimethylallyl Bpin as a novel hydride donor. DFT calculations suggest that a direct 3,4'-hydride transfer via a 9-membered cyclic transition state is more favorable, which combined with the irreversibility of the reaction enables the unusual selectivity for the less thermodynamically stable terminal alkene isomer. This reaction mode is also applicable to a variety of regioselective allylic and propargyl reductions.

The development of methods for the assembly of 1,2,3-triazoles is an important topic due to the broad applications of this motif in various scientific fields. In this work, we demonstrate that the three-component assembly of α-CF 3 carbonyls, NaN 3 , and amines was achieved for the selective construction of a variety of 5-amino NH -1,2,3-triazoles under transition-metal-free and open-air conditions. The method provides a general and operationally simple route to functionalized biologically important molecules including carbohydrates, nucleosides, and peptides and exhibits broad substrate scopes. We further demonstrate that the NH -1,2,3-triazoles can be smoothly converted to the regiospecific N -2 alkylated 1,2,3-triazole products. Mechanistic studies based on experiments and density functional theory calculations showed that this transformation proceeds via defluorination-initiated programmed substitution/cyclization/H-transfer to give the 4,5-difunctionalized captodative NH -1,2,3-triazole product.

A simple and efficient strategy for iron-catalysed cascade radical cyclization was developed, by which an array of germanium-substituted indolo[2,1- a ]isoquinolin-6(5 H )-ones and indolin-2-ones were obtained in one pot with germanium hydrides as radical precursors. A rapid intramolecular radical trapping mode enabled the selective arylgermylation of alkenes over the prevalent hydrogermylation reaction.