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Paralobella breviseta sp. nov. Figs 1���9, Tables 1���3 Material examined. Type-locality. China, Anhui Province, Huang Mountain (alt. 1600���1700 m), 30 �� 17 ������ 19 �����N, 118 �� 13 ������ 15 ���E, collection number C 9290. Type-specimens. Holotype female and 33 paratypes (Seven females, three males, three juveniles, and about 20 in alcohol). Holotype and 30 paratypes deposited in the Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China (NAU). Three paratypes deposited at the Lab. of Ecolog��a y Sistem��tica de Microartr��podos, Fac. Ciencias, UNAM. Diagnosis. Very large neanurids, about 4.5 mm, long tubercles similar to digitations on lateral parts of the body, all the setae on tubercles Di from Th. I to Abd. V very short. Description. Body length. Up to 4.5 mm. Colour. Red alive, white in alcohol. Cuticular granulations fine. Tubercles very developed on head and body, and with subcuticular reticulations. Tubercles Di of thorax and abdomen short and small as half spheres; De, Dl and L very large as digitations. Body dorsal macrosetae thick, slightly serrate with blunt tips, mesosetae with expanded subapical tip, microsetae serrate on one side with acuminate tips (Fig. 6). Head. Eyes 3 + 3, with black pigment (Fig. 1). Length ratio of antenna to head as 1: 1.1. Ant. III and IV dorsally fused. Ratio of antennal segments as I: II; III + IV = 1: 1; 1.3���1.9. Ant. I and II respectively with 9 and 11 setae. Ant. III with 18 setae and Ant. III organ, 5 sensory setae, including sgd, sgv, ms and 2 strongly curved rods in separate pits. Ant. IV apical bulb trilobed, dorsal chaetotaxy as 12 mou, i, or and 8 S (S 1 ���S 8), S 1 and S 2 setaeshaped (Fig. 2). Labrum setal formula 0/2, 2. Labium with 2 x and 3 setae (A, C, D) on proximal part of palp, 4 (E, F, G, f) on submentum and 4 (b, c, d, e) on mentum (after Massoud 1967) (Fig. 3). Mandible with 4 apical teeth, 1 middle tooth and 1 basal big tooth (Fig. 4). Maxillary head styliform with 2 apical teeth and 1 middle tooth, with a thin and transparent apical lamella sometimes distinguishable (Fig. 5). Cephalic tubercles and chaetotaxy. Dorsal central area with 6 separate tubercles (Cl, 2 An, Fr and 2 Oc) and 21 setae; tubercle Cl with 4 setae (2 F, 2 G), An with 8 setae (2 B, 2 C, 2 D, 2 E), Fr with 3 setae (O, 2 A), and Oc with 3 setae (Oca, Ocm, Ocp). Dorsal posterior area with 4 separate tubercles (2 Di, 2 De) and 8 setae; tubercles Di and De respectively with setae Di 1 and De 1, Di 2 and De 2 out of tubercles. Dorso-lateral area with tubercles Dl, L and So respectively 3, 3, 10 setae (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Ventral side respectively with 6 and 9���12 setae in internal (Vi) and external (Ve) areas. Abd. III me+mi M+me+mi+s M+me M+ 4 me+s Ve: 4 Fu: 3 Abd. IV me+mi M+me +s M+ 2 me 2 M+ 5 me+s Ve:? Vl:? Abd. V 2 me+mi s 2 M+ 2 me M+ 5 me Ag: 3 Vl: 2 Abd. VI --------------------- 6 M+me ----------------------- Ve: 14 Body length Colour Mandible teeth Setae on Th. I Setae of tubercle Di on Th. II��� (mm) III breviseta sp. nov. 4.5 Red 6 4 3 khaochongensis 2.8 Red 6 5 3 Body tubercles and chaetotaxy. Th. I with 3 + 3 tubercles (Di, De, Dl). Th. II-Abd. IV respectively with 4 + 4 tubercles (Di, De, Dl, L); tubercles L on Abd. I ���IV each with 1 additional sensory seta besides common setae. Abd. V dorsally with 3 + 3 tubercles (Di, De, Dl), De separated with only 1 sensory seta; tubercle L ventrally situated. Abd. VI with 1 + 1 tubercles. Sensory seta (s) and sensory microsensillum (ms) formula as: 2 +ms, 2 /2, 2, 2, 2, 1 (Fig. 1 and Table 2). Ventral chaetotaxy of Abd. III���VI shown in Fig. 9 and Table 2. Setae of genital plate of female 3 + 3 pregenital, 19���31 circumgenital and 2 eugenital, male with 3 + 3 pregenital, 18���19 circumgenital and 4 + 4 eugenital. Each anal valve (Av) with 3 microsetae in both sexes. Appendices. Chaetotaxy of legs shown in Figs 7��� 8 and Table 2. Tibiotarsi of legs I ���III respectively with 19, 19, 18 setae; M present; B 5 very long; and B 7 on tibiotarsus III absent. Unguis with 1 big inner tooth, basal granules and medial transverse striae (Fig. 8). Ventral tube anteriorly with 1 + 1 proximal and 3 + 3 distal setae. Furcula reduced to elliptic area with 3 mesosetae and without microsetae (Fig. 9). Etymology. The name of the new species ��� breviseta ��� means seta Di 1 very small and short on tubercles Di from Th. I to Abd. IV, comparatively long macroseta on other known species. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Ecology. Found on lichen around a cistern., Published as part of Luo, Yongzheng & Palacios-Vargas, Jos�� G., 2016, On the genus Paralobella (Collembola: Neanuridae: Lobellini) with description of a new Chinese species, pp. 343-350 in Zootaxa 4066 (3) on pages 344-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/265576, {"references":["Massoud, Z. (1967) Monographie des Neanuridae, Collemboles poduromorphes a pieces buccales modifiees. In: Delamare, D. C. & Rapoport, E. H. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe, 3, 7 - 399."]}

Luo, Yongzheng, Palacios-Vargas, José G. (2016): On the genus Paralobella (Collembola: Neanuridae: Lobellini) with description of a new Chinese species. Zootaxa 4066 (3): 343-350, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4066.3.10

Luo, Yongzheng, Chen, Jian-Xiu (2010): Redescription of two Crossodonthina species (Collembola: Neanuridae: Lobellini) from China. Journal of Natural History 44 (35-36): 2119-2129, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.488751, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.488751

Key to the species of the genus Crossodonthina 1 Eyes 2 + 2....................................................................................................................................................................... 2 - Eyes 3 + 3....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2 Tubercles Di fused on Abd. V.................................................................................................... C. bidentata, sp. nov. - Tubercles Di separate on Abd. V.................................................................................................................................. 3 3 Four setae on furcular remnant, mandible 3 -branched with 1 basal tooth.................................................. C. montana - Six setae on furcular remnant, mandible 2 -branched with 3 basal tooth..................................................... C. hainana 4 Th. II-Abd. II with unpaired tubercles...................................................... C. radiata (Salmon), 1941 (New Zealand) - Th. II-Abd. II without unpaired tubercles..................................................................................................................... 5 5 Four tubercles (2 Di and 2 De) fused on cephalic posterior (occipital) area...... C. altamontana Yoshii, 1981 (Sabah) - Four tubercles (2 Di and 2 De) separate on cephalic posterior (occipital) area.............................................................. 6 6 Cephalic tubercle Fr without seta O........................................................................................................ C. formosana - Cephalic tubercle Fr with seta O.................................................................................................................................. 7 7 Tubercles Di on Th. II-Abd. IV absent......................................................................................................................... 8 - Tubercles Di on Th. II-Abd. IV distinct....................................................................................................................... 9 8 Maxilla consisting of 3 stylets, inner one with fringed margin....................... C. koreana Yosii & Lee, 1963 (Korea) - Maxilla consisting of 2 stylets, inner one without fringed margin........................... C. nipponica Yosii, 1954 (Japan) 9 Unguis with 3 inner teeth................................................................................................................... C. tiantongshana - Unguis with 1 inner tooth........................................................................................................................................... 10 10 Mandible 2 -branched; maxilla 2 -branched, each branch simple.......................................................... C. alatoserrata - Mandible 4 -branched; maxilla 2 -branched, one branch simple, another bifurcated.............................. C. tridentiens, Published as part of Luo, Yongzheng & Chen, Jian-Xiu, 2009, A new species of the genus Crossodonthina (Collembola: Neanuridae: Lobellini) from China, pp. 57-63 in Zootaxa 2121 on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188101, {"references":["Salmon, J. T. (1941) The Collembolan Fauna of New Zealand, including a Discussion of its Distribution and Affinites. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 70, 282 - 431.","Yoshii, R. (1981) Entomological Report from the Sabah Forest Research Centre. Japan International Cooperation Agency, 3 - 4, 1 - 68.","Yosii, R. & Lee, C. E. (1963) On some Collembola of Korea, with notes on the genus Ptenothrix. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory Kyoto University, 15, 1 - 37.","Yosii, R. (1954) Springschwanze des Oze-Naturschutzgebietes. Scientific Researches of the Ozegahara Moor, 777 - 830."]}

Crossodonthina bidentata, sp. nov. Figures 1���14, Tables 1���3 Type material. Holotype: female, China, Zhejiang Province, Tianmu Mountain (alt. 1200���1500m, 30 o 18 ������ 20 ��� N, 119 o 26 ������ 28 ��� E), 14 -IV-05, collection number C 9248, collected by Chen Jian-xiu, Luo Yongzheng and other students. Paratypes: 11 females, 5 males, and 2 juveniles; 1 female, alt. 339m, 12 -IV-05, collection number C 9242; 1 female and 1 male, alt. 340���700m, 15 -IV-05, collection number C 9245; 8 females and 1 juvenile besides 6 specimens in alcohol, alt. 1020���1220m, 14 -IV-05, collection number C 9249; other data as holotype. All deposited in the School of Life Science, Nanjing University, China. Description. Body length. Up to 2.2mm. Color. Red while living and wholly white in alcohol. Head. Head hypognathous. Eyes 2 + 2, unpigmented and separated from each other (Fig. 1). Ratio of antenna to head as 1:1.3���1.9. Ant. III & IV dorsally fused. Length ratio of antennal segments as I: II: (III + IV) = 1: 0.7���0.9: 1.6���2.4. Ant. I and II respectively with 9 and 11 setae. Ant. III with 18 common setae. Ant. III organ consisting of 5 sensory setae, including sgd, sgv, ms and 2 strongly curved rods in separate pits. Ant IV apical bulb trilobed, dorsal chaetotaxy as 8 S, i, 12 mou and or (Figs. 3, 4 & 5). Buccal cone weakly developed. Labrum truncate and granulated, setal formula as 2 / 5, 2 (Fig. 6). Labium with 2 x and 3 setae (A, C, D) on proximal part of palp, 4 (E, F, G, f) on submentum and 4 (b, c, d, e) on mentum (after Massoud 1967) (Fig. 7). Mandible elongate, consisting of 2 subequal prominent basal teeth and 3 curved rami. Upper ramus small, feather-like and densely with thin and simple (rarely bifurcated) setae; mid ramus as flagellum, subequal to upper ramus in length; lower ramus large, 3���4 times as long as upper two, having 2 densely fringed lamellae, marginal setae on lamellae bi- to multi-furcated (rarely simple), setae thin on upper (dorsal) lamella and thick on lower (ventral) lamella (Fig. 8). Maxillary head consisting of 2 stylets, inner one with 2 minute apical teeth, outer one branched apically (Fig. 9). Cephalic tubercles and chaetotaxy. Dorsal central area with 6 separate tubercles and 21 setae; tubercle Cl with 4 setae (2 F, 2 G), 2 An each with 4 setae (B, C, D, E), Fr with 3 setae (O, 2 A), and 2 Oc each with 3 setae (Oca, Ocm, Ocp). Dorsal posterior area with 4 separate tubercles and 8 setae totally; 2 Di each with 1 seta (Di 1) and 2 De each with 3 setae (De 1, De 2, Di 2). Dorsal lateral area with 3 tubercles fused and 15 (16) setae totally; Dl, L and So respectively represented by 6, 4 and 5 (6) setae (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Ventral side respectively with 6 and 8 setae in internal (Vi) and external (Ve) areas (Fig. 7). Tubercle Number of setae Types of setae Names of setae Cl 2 M F, F Body tubercles and chaetotaxy. Tubercles rounded. Th. I with 3 + 3 tubercles (Di, De, Dl). Th. II-Abd. IV respectively with 4 + 4 tubercles (Di, De, Dl, L). Abd. V with 5 tubercles; 2 Di fused, De and Dl fused, 2 L separate and ventrally situated. Abd. VI with 1 + 1 tubercles. Sensory seta (s) and sensory microseta (ms) formula as 2 +ms, 2 / 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 (Figs 1 & 2 and Table 2). Each anal valve (Av) with 3 microsetae in both sexes. Genital plate with 12���25 and 31���53 setae respectively in female and male (Fig. 14). Appendices. Chaetotaxy of legs, ventral tube and furcular remnant shown in Table 2. Tibiotarsi I���III respectively with 19, 19, 18 setae. Among setae on each femur and tibiotarsus, 1 ventral seta particularly large. Unguis ventrally with 1 inner tooth, basal granules and medial transverse striae. Unguiculus and tenent hair absent (Fig. 13). Ventral tube anteriorly with 1 + 1 proximal and 3 + 3 distal setae (Fig. 11). Furcula reduced to elliptic area with 5 (6) setae (Fig. 12). Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from Latin bi- and dent- for two teeth because of the two prominent basal teeth on mandible. Terga Legs Di De Dl L Scx Cx Tr Fe T Th. I M M+me M -- 0 3 6 13 19 Th. II M+me+mi M+me+mi+s M+ 2 me+s+ms M+ 2 me 2 7 6 12 19 Th. III M+me+mi M+me+ 2mi +s M+ 2 me+s M+ 2 me 2 8 6 11 18 Terga Sterna Abd. I M+me M+ 2 me+s M+me M+ 2 me VT: 4 Abd. II M+me M+ 2 me+s M+me M+ 2 me Ve: 5 Abd. III M+me M+ 2 me+s M+me M+ 2 me Ve: 4 (5) Fu: 5 (6) Abd. IV M+me M+me+s M+ 2 me 5 M+me Ve: 10 (9) Vl: 5 (4) Abd. V 2 (M+ 2 me) ----------- 2 M+ 2 me+s ----------- 2 M+ 2 me Ag: 3 Vl: 1 Abd. VI ---------------------------- 4 M+ 3 me ----------------------------- Ve: 14 (13) Ecology. Found in leaf litter in deciduous forest. Remarks. The new species is unique in the genus in having tubercles Di fused on Abd. V and in the unusual structure of mandibles and maxillae. The mandible consists of 2 subequal prominent basal teeth, 1 whip-like ramus and 2 densely fringed rami of quite different sizes. The maxilla consists of 2 stylets, inner one with 2 minute apical teeth, outer one branched apically. Additionally, the labral chaetotaxy of the new species is / 5, 2; however, it is / 2, 2 in most species of Lobellini including the genus Crossodonthina. There are 5 (6) setae present on the furcular remnant in the new species, rather than 6 as in C. hainana, 4 as in C. montana and 3 as in most species in the genus, such as C. nipponica (see Yosii 1995), C. koreana, C. formosana, C. alatoserrata, C. tridentiens and C. tiantongshana. The macrosetae (M) are acuminate, very slightly ciliate on distal half and wingless but smooth in C. nipponica, C. koreana, C. formosana and C. hainana, and winged in C. alatoserrata and C. tridentiens. The new species is the third one with 2 + 2 eyes in the genus. It is similar to the 2 + 2 -eyed Chinese species, C. montana and C. hainana, in the Ant. IV with 8 sensory setae, unguis with 1 inner tooth and ventral tube with 4 + 4 setae, and the body dorsal chaetotaxy. However, it is easily distinguished from the latter two by the number of setae on cephalic tubercles Oc, as well as the Di tubercles fused on Abd. V, the structure of mandibles and maxillae, the number of setae on furcular remnant and the morphological feature of macrosetae (M) (Table 3). bidentata, sp. nov. montana hainana Mandible basal teeth 2 1 3, Published as part of Luo, Yongzheng & Chen, Jian-Xiu, 2009, A new species of the genus Crossodonthina (Collembola: Neanuridae: Lobellini) from China, pp. 57-63 in Zootaxa 2121 on pages 58-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188101, {"references":["Massoud. Z. (1967) Monographie des Neanuridae, Collemboles poduromorphes a pieces buccales modifiees. In: Delamare, D. C. & Rapoport, E. H. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe, 3, 7 - 399.","Yoshii, R. (1995) Indentity of some Japanese Collembola III. AZAO, 3, 50 - 68."]}