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To solve the problems of empiricism, subjectivity and randomness in the manual layout of human machine interface in wheelhouse, an optimization layout design method of human machine interface that combines virtual simulation and optimization algorithm is proposed. First, the optimal operating point and the operating comfort of each area of the human machine interface are obtained through virtual simulation. Then, the layout criteria and ergonomics criteria of human machine interface are quantified as objective functions and constraints, a layout optimization mathematical model of human machine interface is established, and a large number of initial positions of the particles in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are obtained through the differential evolution algorithm. Finally, the optimal layout scheme is obtained, and virtual simulation evaluation is conducted. Taking a control panel as an example for layout optimization and virtual simulation, the optimal layout scheme obtained is proved to satisfy ergonomic criteria, and the performance of the human machine interface has been improved. This paper can provide references for the layout design of the high performance human machine interface in wheelhouse.

Due to the large degree of freedom of the human body and the working environment, the generation of virtual human working posture during simulation is very complicated, which requires a lot of time and energy. To solve this problem, according to the structure and motion characteristics of human body, the templates of assembly actions for virtual human are constructed. Through theoretical analysis and calculations, the formulas of the reachable region of different action templates are deduced, and the complete reachable region of the virtual human is established, based on which, feasible assembly actions are screened out through reachability analysis. In combination with the existing multi-objective solution model of virtual human working posture, the automatic generation of virtual human working posture is realized. Based on the above research, this method is verified by examples.

With the prevalence of green supply chains, the government has basic requirements for companies' green investments and outcomes while consumers increasingly favor green products. Thus, green degree decision has garnered significant attention from manufacturers. This paper incorporates green degree decisions into a dual-channel supply chain and adopts a Stackelberg model to analyze the green degree and pricing strategies under centralized and decentralized decisions. We find that, when the manufacturer only decides on price, dual-channel choice is always the optimal strategy under centralized decision-making; however, under decentralized decision-making, the dual-channel choice will be chosen only when the wholesale price is low. Considering green degree decision, both direct and indirect channel prices increase with the green degree, and the indirect channel price is more sensitive to changes in the green degree under centralized decision-making; and higher green degrees are always advantageous for the retailer, but the manufacturer's profit initially decreases and then increases as the green degree rises under decentralized decision-making. Moreover, the wholesale price is used as a strategic tool for the manufacturer to control the distribution channel, particularly when the green degree is not introduced, the manufacturer can always ensure the introduction of dual channels. Besides, higher consumers' environmental awareness is always beneficial to channel members, as it promotes channel prices and green degree. This study provides strategic insights for optimizing pricing and green degree decisions in dual-channel supply chains to achieve better economic and environmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants are an important source for the discovery of novel natural growth regulators. We used activity screening to demonstrate that treatment of Nipponbare seeds with 25 μg/mL isopimaric acid significantly increased the resulting shoot length, root length, and shoot weight of rice seedlings by 11.37 ± 5.05%, 12.96 ± 7.63%, and 27.98 ± 10.88% and that it has a higher activity than Gibberellin A3 (GA3) at the same concentration. A total of 213 inbred lines of different rice lineages were screened, and we found that isopimaric acid had different growth promotional activities on rice seedlings of different varieties. After induction with 25 μg/mL isopimaric acid, 15.02% of the rice varieties tested showed increased growth, while 15.96% of the varieties showed decreased growth; the growth of the remaining 69.02% did not show any significant change from the control. In the rice varieties showing an increase in growth, the shoot length and shoot weight significantly increased, accounting for 21.88% and 31.25%. The root length and weight significantly increased, accounting for 6.25% and 3.13%. Using genome-wide association studies (GWASs), linkage disequilibrium block, and gene haplotype significance analysis, we identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signals that were significantly associated with the length and weight of shoots on chromosomes 2 and 8, respectively. After that, we obtained 17 candidate genes related to the length of shoots and 4 candidate genes related to the weight of shoots. Finally, from the gene annotation data and gene tissue-specific expression; two genes related to this isopimaric acid regulation phenotype were identified as OsASC1 (LOC_Os02g37080) on chromosome 2 and OsBUD13 (LOC_Os08g08080) on chromosome 8. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that OsASC1 was expressed in the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane, while OsBUD13 was expressed in the nucleus. Further RT-qPCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of the resistance gene OsASC1 and the antibody protein gene OsBUD13 decreased significantly following treatment with 25 μg/mL isopimaric acid. These results suggest that isopimaric acid may inhibit defense pathways in order to promote the growth of rice seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]