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Background: Positive development plays an important role in youth when dealing with stressful circumstances. According to the resource dilution theory, adolescents with or without siblings may receive different levels of emotional and material resources from their parents. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between the positive development of adolescents in China today with their family characteristics such as the number of siblings. Methods: A total of 2072 junior high and senior high school students (13 to 18 years old) in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, were investigated by cluster sampling. The Chinese Positive Youth Development scales (CPYDs) were used to measure positive youth development. The generalized linear model was used to explore the relationships among the number of siblings, parent–child relationships and positive youth development. Results: Adolescents from only‐child families had better performance on positive development (H = 21.87, P < 0.001) and better relationships with parents (H = 15.1, P < 0.05). The positive development of male and female adolescents does not significantly differ in families with different numbers of siblings. The generalized linear model showed that a positive parent–child relationship is positively correlated with adolescent positive development (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Positive youth development is not only associated with the number of siblings but also other modifiable familial factors. The positive relationship between parents and adolescents is of great practical value in daily life to improve youth development, and this might be the real lesson the resource dilution theory tells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Findings of prior studies about the efficacy and safety of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients (≥80 years of age) with atrial fibrillation (AF) are controversial. So we performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NOACs versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients (≥80 years of age) with AF. A systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science and Chinese BioMedical databases was conducted until 1 October 2022. Studies reporting the effects and safety of NOACs versus warfarin in patients (≥80 years of age) with AF were included. Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus or through an independent third reviewer. Data were synthesised according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. We identified 15 studies providing data of 70 446 participants (≥80 years of age) suffering from AF. According to the meta‐analysis (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, CI)), NOACs conferred better efficacy profile than VKAs in stroke and systemic embolism (0.8 (0.73–0.88)) and all‐cause mortality (0.61 (0.57–0.65)). Otherwise, NOACs conferred a better safety profile than VKAs in major bleeding (0.76 (0.70–0.83)) and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH; 0.57 (0.47–0.68)). In conclusion, for patients (≥80 years of age) with AF, the risks of stroke and systemic embolism, all‐cause mortality, were lower in NOACs compared to warfarin. The risks of major bleeding and ICH were also lower in NOACs compared to warfarin. NOACs showed better efficacy and safety than warfarin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]