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3. Decomposition of physical processes controlling EASM precipitation changes during the mid-Piacenzian: new insights into data–model integration

Author

Sun, Yong, Wu, Haibin, Ding, Lin, Chen, Lixin, Stepanek, Christian, Zhao, Yan, Tan, Ning, Su, Baohuang, Yuan, Xiayu, Zhang, Wenchao, Liu, Bo, Hunter, Stephen, Haywood, Alan, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Contoux, Camille, Lunt, Daniel J., Dolan, Aisling, Chandan, Deepak, Lohmann, Gerrit, Dowsett, Harry, Tindall, Julia, Baatsen, Michiel, Peltier, W. Richard, Li, Qiang, Feng, Ran, Salzmann, Ulrich, Chan, Wing-Le, Zhang, Zhongshi, Williams, Charles J. R., and Ramstein, Gilles

Published
2024
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9. Orographic evolution of northern Tibet shaped vegetation and plant diversity in eastern Asia

Author

Li, Shu-Feng, Valdes, Paul J, Farnsworth, Alex, Davies-Barnard, T, Su, Tao, Lunt, Daniel J, Spicer, Robert A, Liu, Jia, Deng, Wei-Yu-Dong, Huang, Jian, Tang, He, Ridgwell, Andy, Chen, Lin-Lin, and Zhou, Zhe-Kun

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Geology
Abstract

The growth of the Tibetan Plateau throughout the past 66 million years has profoundly affected the Asian climate, but how this unparalleled orogenesis might have driven vegetation and plant diversity changes in eastern Asia is poorly understood. We approach this question by integrating modeling results and fossil data. We show that growth of north and northeastern Tibet affects vegetation and, crucially, plant diversity in eastern Asia by altering the monsoon system. This northern Tibetan orographic change induces a precipitation increase, especially in the dry (winter) season, resulting in a transition from deciduous broadleaf vegetation to evergreen broadleaf vegetation and plant diversity increases across southeastern Asia. Further quantifying the complexity of Tibetan orographic change is critical for understanding the finer details of Asian vegetation and plant diversity evolution.

Published
2021

12. The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: methodologies for selection, compilation and analysis of latest Paleocene and early Eocene climate proxy data, incorporating version 0.1 of the DeepMIP database

Author

Hollis, Christopher J, Jones, Tom Dunkley, Anagnostou, Eleni, Bijl, Peter K, Cramwinckel, Margot J, Cui, Ying, Dickens, Gerald R, Edgar, Kirsty M, Eley, Yvette, Evans, David, Foster, Gavin L, Frieling, Joost, Inglis, Gordon N, Kennedy, Elizabeth M, Kozdon, Reinhard, Lauretano, Vittoria, Lear, Caroline H, Littler, Kate, Lourens, Lucas, Meckler, A Nele, Naafs, B David A, Paelike, Heiko, Pancost, Richard D, Pearson, Paul N, Roehl, Ursula, Royer, Dana L, Salzmann, Ulrich, Schubert, Brian A, Seebeck, Hannu, Sluijs, Appy, Speijer, Robert P, Stassen, Peter, Tierney, Jessica, Tripati, Aradhna, Wade, Bridget, Westerhold, Thomas, Witkowski, Caitlyn, Zachos, James C, Zhang, Yi Ge, Huber, Matthew, and Lunt, Daniel J

Subjects
Earth Sciences
Abstract

Abstract. The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to havebeen the most recent time that Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentrationsexceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean temperatures were also substantially warmerthan those of the present day. As such, the study of early Eocene climate provides insightinto how a super-warm Earth system behaves and offers an opportunity toevaluate climate models under conditions of high greenhouse gas forcing. TheDeep Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) is a systematicmodel–model and model–data intercomparison of three early Paleogene timeslices: latest Paleocene, Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and earlyEocene climatic optimum (EECO). A previous article outlined the modelexperimental design for climate model simulations. In this article, weoutline the methodologies to be used for the compilation and analysis ofclimate proxy data, primarily proxies for temperature and CO2. Thispaper establishes the protocols for a concerted and coordinated effort tocompile the climate proxy records across a wide geographic range. Theresulting climate “atlas” will be used to constrain and evaluate climatemodels for the three selected time intervals and provide insights into themechanisms that control these warm climate states. We provide version 0.1 ofthis database, in anticipation that this will be expanded in subsequentpublications.

Published
2019

15. Placing our current hyperthermal in the context of rapid climate change in our geological past

Author

Foster, Gavin L, Hull, Pincelli, Lunt, Daniel J, and Zachos, James C

Subjects
hyperthermal, climate change, unknown unknowns, General Science & Technology
Abstract

'…there are known knowns. These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don't know we don't know.' Donald Rumsfeld 12th February 2002.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past'.

Published
2018

17. Past terrestrial hydroclimate sensitivity controlled by Earth system feedbacks

Author

Feng, Ran, Bhattacharya, Tripti, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Brady, Esther C., Haywood, Alan M., Tindall, Julia C., Hunter, Stephen J., Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Chan, Wing-Le, Kageyama, Masa, Contoux, Camille, Guo, Chuncheng, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Zhang, Qiong, Zhang, Zhongshi, Han, Zixuan, Williams, Charles J. R., Lunt, Daniel J., Dowsett, Harry J., Chandan, Deepak, and Peltier, W. Richard

Published
2022
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19. The PhanSST global database of Phanerozoic sea surface temperature proxy data

Author

Judd, Emily J., Tierney, Jessica E., Huber, Brian T., Wing, Scott L., Lunt, Daniel J., Ford, Heather L., Inglis, Gordon N., McClymont, Erin L., O’Brien, Charlotte L., Rattanasriampaipong, Ronnakrit, Si, Weimin, Staitis, Matthew L., Thirumalai, Kaustubh, Anagnostou, Eleni, Cramwinckel, Marlow Julius, Dawson, Robin R., Evans, David, Gray, William R., Grossman, Ethan L., Henehan, Michael J., Hupp, Brittany N., MacLeod, Kenneth G., O’Connor, Lauren K., Sánchez Montes, Maria Luisa, Song, Haijun, and Zhang, Yi Ge

Published
2022
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21. Diagnosing the controls on desert dust emissions through the Phanerozoic.

Author

Xie, Yixuan, Lunt, Daniel J., and Valdes, Paul J.

Subjects
DUST control, BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles, PHANEROZOIC Eon, TIME series analysis, DUST
Abstract

Desert dust is a key component of the climate system, as it influences Earth's radiative balance and biogeochemical cycles. It is also influenced by multiple aspects of the climate system, such as surface winds, vegetation cover, and surface moisture. As such, geological records of dust deposition or dust sources are important palaeoclimate indicators; for example, dust records can be used to decipher aridity changes over time. However, there are no comprehensive records of global dust variations on tectonic timescales (tens of millions of years). Furthermore, although some modelling studies have focused on particular time periods of Earth's history, there has also been very little modelling work on these long timescales. In this study, we establish for the first time a continuous model-derived time series of global dust emissions over the whole Phanerozoic (the last 540 million years). We develop and tune a new offline dust emission model, DUSTY1.0, driven by the climate model HadCM3L. Our results quantitatively reveal substantial fluctuations in dust emissions over the Phanerozoic, with high emissions in the late Permian to Early Jurassic (× 4 pre-industrial levels) and low emissions in the Devonian–Carboniferous (× 0.1 pre-industrial levels). We diagnose the relative contributions from the various factors driving dust emissions and identify that the non-vegetated area plays a dominant role in dust emissions. The mechanisms of palaeohydrological variations, specifically the variations in low-precipitation-induced aridity, which primarily control the non-vegetated area, are then diagnosed. Our results show that palaeogeography is the ultimate dominating forcing, with dust emission variations explained by indices reflecting the land-to-sea distance of tropical and subtropical latitudes, whereas CO2 plays a marginal role. We evaluate our simulations by comparing them with sediment records and find reasonable agreement. This study contributes a quantified and continuous dust emission reconstruction and an understanding of the mechanisms driving palaeohydroclimate and dust changes over Earth's Phanerozoic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: experimental design for model simulations of the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM (version 1.0)

Author

Lunt, Daniel J, Huber, Matthew, Anagnostou, Eleni, Baatsen, Michiel LJ, Caballero, Rodrigo, DeConto, Rob, Dijkstra, Henk A, Donnadieu, Yannick, Evans, David, Feng, Ran, Foster, Gavin L, Gasson, Ed, von der Heydt, Anna S, Hollis, Chris J, Inglis, Gordon N, Jones, Stephen M, Kiehl, Jeff, Turner, Sandy Kirtland, Korty, Robert L, Kozdon, Reinhardt, Krishnan, Srinath, Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, Langebroek, Petra, Lear, Caroline H, LeGrande, Allegra N, Littler, Kate, Markwick, Paul, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Pearson, Paul, Poulsen, Christopher J, Salzmann, Ulrich, Shields, Christine, Snell, Kathryn, Staerz, Michael, Super, James, Tabor, Clay, Tierney, Jessica E, Tourte, Gregory JL, Tripati, Aradhna, Upchurch, Garland R, Wade, Bridget S, Wing, Scott L, Winguth, Arne ME, Wright, Nicky M, Zachos, James C, and Zeebe, Richard E

Subjects
Earth Sciences
Abstract

Abstract. Past warm periods provide an opportunity to evaluate climate models under extreme forcing scenarios, in particular high ( >  800 ppmv) atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Although a post hoc intercomparison of Eocene ( ∼  50  Ma) climate model simulations and geological data has been carried out previously, models of past high-CO2 periods have never been evaluated in a consistent framework. Here, we present an experimental design for climate model simulations of three warm periods within the early Eocene and the latest Paleocene (the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM). Together with the CMIP6 pre-industrial control and abrupt 4 ×  CO2 simulations, and additional sensitivity studies, these form the first phase of DeepMIP – the Deep-time Model Intercomparison Project, itself a group within the wider Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). The experimental design specifies and provides guidance on boundary conditions associated with palaeogeography, greenhouse gases, astronomical configuration, solar constant, land surface processes, and aerosols. Initial conditions, simulation length, and output variables are also specified. Finally, we explain how the geological data sets, which will be used to evaluate the simulations, will be developed.

Published
2017

24. The Progressive Co-evolutionary Development of the Pan-Tibetan Highlands, the Asian Monsoon system and Asian Biodiversity

Author

Spicer, Robert A., primary, Farnsworth, Alex, additional, Su, Tao, additional, Ding, Lin, additional, Witkowski, Caitlyn R., additional, Li, Shu-Feng, additional, Xiong, Zhongyu, additional, Zhou, Zhekun, additional, Li, Shihu, additional, Hughes, Alice C., additional, Valdes, Paul J., additional, Widdowson, Mike, additional, Zhang, Xinwen, additional, He, Songlin, additional, Liu, Jia, additional, Huang, Jian, additional, Herman, Alexei B., additional, Xu, Qiang, additional, Liu, Xiaoyan, additional, Jin, Jianhua, additional, Pancost, Richard D., additional, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, and Zhang, Shitao, additional

Published
2024
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26. Changing atmospheric CO2 concentration was the primary driver of early Cenozoic climate

Author

Anagnostou, Eleni, John, Eleanor H, Edgar, Kirsty M, Foster, Gavin L, Ridgwell, Andy, Inglis, Gordon N, Pancost, Richard D, Lunt, Daniel J, and Pearson, Paul N

Subjects
Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Earth Sciences, Climate Change Science, Climate Action, Atmosphere, Boron, Carbon Dioxide, Climate, Foraminifera, Geologic Sediments, History, Ancient, Ice Cover, Indian Ocean, Isotopes, Plankton, Tanzania, Temperature, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, which occurred about 51 to 53 million years ago), was the warmest interval of the past 65 million years, with mean annual surface air temperature over ten degrees Celsius warmer than during the pre-industrial period. Subsequent global cooling in the middle and late Eocene epoch, especially at high latitudes, eventually led to continental ice sheet development in Antarctica in the early Oligocene epoch (about 33.6 million years ago). However, existing estimates place atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels during the Eocene at 500-3,000 parts per million, and in the absence of tighter constraints carbon-climate interactions over this interval remain uncertain. Here we use recent analytical and methodological developments to generate a new high-fidelity record of CO2 concentrations using the boron isotope (δ(11)B) composition of well preserved planktonic foraminifera from the Tanzania Drilling Project, revising previous estimates. Although species-level uncertainties make absolute values difficult to constrain, CO2 concentrations during the EECO were around 1,400 parts per million. The relative decline in CO2 concentration through the Eocene is more robustly constrained at about fifty per cent, with a further decline into the Oligocene. Provided the latitudinal dependency of sea surface temperature change for a given climate forcing in the Eocene was similar to that of the late Quaternary period, this CO2 decline was sufficient to drive the well documented high- and low-latitude cooling that occurred through the Eocene. Once the change in global temperature between the pre-industrial period and the Eocene caused by the action of all known slow feedbacks (apart from those associated with the carbon cycle) is removed, both the EECO and the late Eocene exhibit an equilibrium climate sensitivity relative to the pre-industrial period of 2.1 to 4.6 degrees Celsius per CO2 doubling (66 per cent confidence), which is similar to the canonical range (1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius), indicating that a large fraction of the warmth of the early Eocene greenhouse was driven by increased CO2 concentrations, and that climate sensitivity was relatively constant throughout this period.

Published
2016

37. The hydrological cycle and ocean circulation of the Maritime Continent in the Pliocene: results from PlioMIP2

Author

Ren, Xin, primary, Lunt, Daniel J., additional, Hendy, Erica, additional, von der Heydt, Anna, additional, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, additional, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, additional, Williams, Charles J. R., additional, Stepanek, Christian, additional, Guo, Chuncheng, additional, Chandan, Deepak, additional, Lohmann, Gerrit, additional, Tindall, Julia C., additional, Sohl, Linda E., additional, Chandler, Mark A., additional, Kageyama, Masa, additional, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., additional, Tan, Ning, additional, Zhang, Qiong, additional, Feng, Ran, additional, Hunter, Stephen, additional, Chan, Wing-Le, additional, Peltier, W. Richard, additional, Li, Xiangyu, additional, Kamae, Youichi, additional, Zhang, Zhongshi, additional, and Haywood, Alan M., additional

Published
2023
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39. Cretaceous sea-surface temperature evolution: Constraints from TEX86 and planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes

Author

O'Brien, Charlotte L., Robinson, Stuart A., Pancost, Richard D., Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., Schouten, Stefan, Lunt, Daniel J., Alsenz, Heiko, Bornemann, André, Bottini, Cinzia, Brassell, Simon C., Farnsworth, Alexander, Forster, Astrid, Huber, Brian T., Inglis, Gordon N., Jenkyns, Hugh C., Linnert, Christian, Littler, Kate, Markwick, Paul, McAnena, Alison, Mutterlose, Jörg, Naafs, B. David A., Püttmann, Wilhelm, Sluijs, Appy, van Helmond, Niels A.G.M., Vellekoop, Johan, Wagner, Thomas, and Wrobel, Neil E.

Published
2017
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41. Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 °C anthropogenic warming and beyond

Author

Fischer, Hubertus, Meissner, Katrin J., Mix, Alan C., Abram, Nerilie J., Austermann, Jacqueline, Brovkin, Victor, Capron, Emilie, Colombaroli, Daniele, Daniau, Anne-Laure, Dyez, Kelsey A., Felis, Thomas, Finkelstein, Sarah A., Jaccard, Samuel L., McClymont, Erin L., Rovere, Alessio, Sutter, Johannes, Wolff, Eric W., Affolter, Stéphane, Bakker, Pepijn, Ballesteros-Cánovas, Juan Antonio, Barbante, Carlo, Caley, Thibaut, Carlson, Anders E., Churakova (Sidorova), Olga, Cortese, Giuseppe, Cumming, Brian F., Davis, Basil A. S., de Vernal, Anne, Emile-Geay, Julien, Fritz, Sherilyn C., Gierz, Paul, Gottschalk, Julia, Holloway, Max D., Joos, Fortunat, Kucera, Michal, Loutre, Marie-France, Lunt, Daniel J., Marcisz, Katarzyna, Marlon, Jennifer R., Martinez, Philippe, Masson-Delmotte, Valerie, Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Raible, Christoph C., Risebrobakken, Bjørg, Sánchez Goñi, María F., Arrigo, Jennifer Saleem, Sarnthein, Michael, Sjolte, Jesper, Stocker, Thomas F., Velasquez Alvárez, Patricio A., Tinner, Willy, Valdes, Paul J., Vogel, Hendrik, Wanner, Heinz, Yan, Qing, Yu, Zicheng, Ziegler, Martin, and Zhou, Liping

Published
2018
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44. The hydrological cycle and ocean circulation of the Maritime Continent in the Pliocene : results from PlioMIP2

Author

Ren, Xin, Lunt, Daniel J., Hendy, Erica, von der Heydt, Anna, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Williams, Charles J. R., Stepanek, Christian, Guo, Chuncheng, Chandan, Deepak, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tindall, Julia C., Sohl, Linda E., Chandler, Mark A., Kageyama, Masa, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., Tan, Ning, Zhang, Qiong, Feng, Ran, Hunter, Stephen, Chan, Wing-Le, Peltier, W. Richard, Li, Xiangyu, Kamae, Youichi, Zhang, Zhongshi, Haywood, Alan M., Ren, Xin, Lunt, Daniel J., Hendy, Erica, von der Heydt, Anna, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Williams, Charles J. R., Stepanek, Christian, Guo, Chuncheng, Chandan, Deepak, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tindall, Julia C., Sohl, Linda E., Chandler, Mark A., Kageyama, Masa, Baatsen, Michiel L. J., Tan, Ning, Zhang, Qiong, Feng, Ran, Hunter, Stephen, Chan, Wing-Le, Peltier, W. Richard, Li, Xiangyu, Kamae, Youichi, Zhang, Zhongshi, and Haywood, Alan M.

Abstract

The Maritime Continent (MC) forms the western boundary of the tropical Pacific Ocean, and relatively small changes in this region can impact the climate locally and remotely. In the mid-Piacenzian warm period of the Pliocene (mPWP; 3.264 to 3.025 Ma) atmospheric CO2 concentrations were ∼ 400 ppm, and the subaerial Sunda and Sahul shelves made the land–sea distribution of the MC different to today. Topographic changes and elevated levels of CO2, combined with other forcings, are therefore expected to have driven a substantial climate signal in the MC region at this time. By using the results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2), we study the mean climatic features of the MC in the mPWP and changes in Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) with respect to the preindustrial. Results show a warmer and wetter mPWP climate of the MC and lower sea surface salinity in the surrounding ocean compared with the preindustrial. Furthermore, we quantify the volume transfer through the ITF; although the ITF may be expected to be hindered by the subaerial shelves, 10 out of 15 models show an increased volume transport compared with the preindustrial. In order to avoid undue influence from closely related models that are present in the PlioMIP2 ensemble, we introduce a new metric, the multi-cluster mean (MCM), which is based on cluster analysis of the individual models. We study the effect that the choice of MCM versus the more traditional analysis of multi-model mean (MMM) and individual models has on the discrepancy between model results and data. We find that models, which reproduce modern MC climate well, are not always good at simulating the mPWP climate anomaly of the MC. By comparing with individual models, the MMM and MCM reproduce the preindustrial sea surface temperature (SST) of the reanalysis better than most individual models and produce less discrepancy with reconstructed sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) than most individual models in the MC.

Published
2023
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45. Global and Zonal-Mean Hydrological Response to Early Eocene Warmth

Author

Cramwinckel, Margot J., Burls, Natalie J., Fahad, Abdullah A., Knapp, Scott, West, Christopher K., Reichgelt, Tammo, Greenwood, David R., Chan, Wing Le, Donnadieu, Yannick, Hutchinson, David K., de Boer, Agatha M., Ladant, Jean Baptiste, Morozova, Polina A., Niezgodzki, Igor, Knorr, Gregor, Steinig, Sebastian, Zhang, Zhongshi, Zhu, Jiang, Feng, Ran, Lunt, Daniel J., Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Inglis, Gordon N., Cramwinckel, Margot J., Burls, Natalie J., Fahad, Abdullah A., Knapp, Scott, West, Christopher K., Reichgelt, Tammo, Greenwood, David R., Chan, Wing Le, Donnadieu, Yannick, Hutchinson, David K., de Boer, Agatha M., Ladant, Jean Baptiste, Morozova, Polina A., Niezgodzki, Igor, Knorr, Gregor, Steinig, Sebastian, Zhang, Zhongshi, Zhu, Jiang, Feng, Ran, Lunt, Daniel J., Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, and Inglis, Gordon N.

Abstract

Earth's hydrological cycle is expected to intensify in response to global warming, with a “wet-gets-wetter, dry-gets-drier” response anticipated over the ocean. Subtropical regions (∼15°–30°N/S) are predicted to become drier, yet proxy evidence from past warm climates suggests these regions may be characterized by wetter conditions. Here we use an integrated data-modeling approach to reconstruct global and zonal-mean rainfall patterns during the early Eocene (∼56–48 million years ago). The Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) model ensemble indicates that the mid- (30°–60°N/S) and high-latitudes (>60°N/S) are characterized by a thermodynamically dominated hydrological response to warming and overall wetter conditions. The tropical band (0°–15°N/S) is also characterized by wetter conditions, with several DeepMIP models simulating narrowing of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. However, the latter is not evident from the proxy data. The subtropics are characterized by negative precipitation-evaporation anomalies (i.e., drier conditions) in the DeepMIP models, but there is surprisingly large inter-model variability in mean annual precipitation (MAP). Intriguingly, we find that models with weaker meridional temperature gradients (e.g., CESM, GFDL) are characterized by a reduction in subtropical moisture divergence, leading to an increase in MAP. These model simulations agree more closely with our new proxy-derived precipitation reconstructions and other key climate metrics and imply that the early Eocene was characterized by reduced subtropical moisture divergence. If the meridional temperature gradient was even weaker than suggested by those DeepMIP models, circulation-induced changes may have outcompeted thermodynamic changes, leading to wetter subtropics. This highlights the importance of accurately reconstructing zonal temperature gradients when reconstructing past rainfall patterns.

Published
2023

46. Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in PlioMIP2

Author

Weiffenbach, Julia E., Baatsen, Michiel L. J., Dijkstra, Henk A., Heydt, Anna S. von der, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Brady, Esther C., Chan, Wing-Le, Chandan, Deepak, Chandler, Mark A., Contoux, Camille, Feng, Ran, Guo, Chuncheng, Han, Zixuan, Haywood, Alan M., Li, Qiang, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, Daniel J., Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Peltier, W. Richard, Ramstein, Gilles, Sohl, Linda E., Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Tindall, Julia C., Williams, Charles J. R., Zhang, Qiong, Zhang, Zhongshi, Weiffenbach, Julia E., Baatsen, Michiel L. J., Dijkstra, Henk A., Heydt, Anna S. von der, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Brady, Esther C., Chan, Wing-Le, Chandan, Deepak, Chandler, Mark A., Contoux, Camille, Feng, Ran, Guo, Chuncheng, Han, Zixuan, Haywood, Alan M., Li, Qiang, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, Daniel J., Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Peltier, W. Richard, Ramstein, Gilles, Sohl, Linda E., Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Tindall, Julia C., Williams, Charles J. R., Zhang, Qiong, and Zhang, Zhongshi

Abstract

The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264-3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period in which the atmospheric CO2 concentration was approximately equal to the concentration we measure today (ca. 400 ppm). Sea surface temperature (SST) proxies indicate above-average warming over the North Atlantic in the mid-Pliocene with respect to the pre-industrial period, which may be linked to an intensified Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Earlier results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) show that the ensemble simulates a stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene than in the pre-industrial. However, no consistent relationship between the stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC and either the Atlantic northward ocean heat transport (OHT) or average North Atlantic SSTs has been found. In this study, we look further into the drivers and consequences of a stronger AMOC in mid-Pliocene compared to pre-industrial simulations in PlioMIP2. We find that all model simulations with a closed Bering Strait and Canadian Archipelago show reduced freshwater transport from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic. This contributes to an increase in salinity in the subpolar North Atlantic and Labrador Sea that can be linked to the stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene. To investigate the dynamics behind the ensemble's variable response of the total Atlantic OHT to the stronger AMOC, we separate the Atlantic OHT into two components associated with either the overturning circulation or the wind-driven gyre circulation. While the ensemble mean of the overturning component is increased significantly in magnitude in the mid-Pliocene, it is partly compensated by a reduction in the gyre component in the northern subtropical gyre region. This indicates that the lack of relationship between the total OHT and AMOC is due to changes in OHT by the subtropical gyre. The overturning and gyre components should therefore be considered separately to gain a more complete understanding of

Published
2023

47. Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in PlioMIP2

Author

Sub Physical Oceanography, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Weiffenbach, Julia E., Baatsen, Michiel L. J., Dijkstra, Henk A., Heydt, Anna S. von der, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Brady, Esther C., Chan, Wing-Le, Chandan, Deepak, Chandler, Mark A., Contoux, Camille, Feng, Ran, Guo, Chuncheng, Han, Zixuan, Haywood, Alan M., Li, Qiang, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, Daniel J., Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Peltier, W. Richard, Ramstein, Gilles, Sohl, Linda E., Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Tindall, Julia C., Williams, Charles J. R., Zhang, Qiong, Zhang, Zhongshi, Sub Physical Oceanography, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Weiffenbach, Julia E., Baatsen, Michiel L. J., Dijkstra, Henk A., Heydt, Anna S. von der, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Brady, Esther C., Chan, Wing-Le, Chandan, Deepak, Chandler, Mark A., Contoux, Camille, Feng, Ran, Guo, Chuncheng, Han, Zixuan, Haywood, Alan M., Li, Qiang, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, Daniel J., Nisancioglu, Kerim H., Otto-Bliesner, Bette L., Peltier, W. Richard, Ramstein, Gilles, Sohl, Linda E., Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Tindall, Julia C., Williams, Charles J. R., Zhang, Qiong, and Zhang, Zhongshi

Published
2023

48. Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in PlioMIP2

Author

Weiffenbach, Julia E, Baatsen, Michiel LJ, Dijkstra, Henk A, von der Heydt, Anna S, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Brady, Esther C, Chan, Wing-Le, Chandan, Deepak, Chandler, Mark A, Contoux, Camille, Feng, Ran, Guo, Chuncheng, Han, Zixuan, Haywood, Alan M, Li, Qiang, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, Daniel J, Nisancioglu, Kerim H, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L, Peltier, W Richard, Ramstein, Gilles, Sohl, Linda E, Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Tindall, Julia C, Williams, Charles JR, Zhang, Qiong, Zhang, Zhongshi, Weiffenbach, Julia E, Baatsen, Michiel LJ, Dijkstra, Henk A, von der Heydt, Anna S, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Brady, Esther C, Chan, Wing-Le, Chandan, Deepak, Chandler, Mark A, Contoux, Camille, Feng, Ran, Guo, Chuncheng, Han, Zixuan, Haywood, Alan M, Li, Qiang, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, Daniel J, Nisancioglu, Kerim H, Otto-Bliesner, Bette L, Peltier, W Richard, Ramstein, Gilles, Sohl, Linda E, Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Tindall, Julia C, Williams, Charles JR, Zhang, Qiong, and Zhang, Zhongshi

Abstract

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period in which the atmospheric CO2 concentration was approximately equal to the concentration we measure today (ca. 400 ppm). Sea surface temperature (SST) proxies indicate above-average warming over the North Atlantic in the mid-Pliocene with respect to the pre-industrial period, which may be linked to an intensified Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Earlier results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) show that the ensemble simulates a stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene than in the pre-industrial. However, no consistent relationship between the stronger mid-Pliocene AMOC and either the Atlantic northward ocean heat transport (OHT) or average North Atlantic SSTs has been found. In this study, we look further into the drivers and consequences of a stronger AMOC in mid-Pliocene compared to pre-industrial simulations in PlioMIP2. We find that all model simulations with a closed Bering Strait and Canadian Archipelago show reduced freshwater transport from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic. This contributes to an increase in salinity in the subpolar North Atlantic and Labrador Sea that can be linked to the stronger AMOC in the mid-Pliocene. To investigate the dynamics behind the ensemble's variable response of the total Atlantic OHT to the stronger AMOC, we separate the Atlantic OHT into two components associated with either the overturning circulation or the wind-driven gyre circulation. While the ensemble mean of the overturning component is increased significantly in magnitude in the mid-Pliocene, it is partly compensated by a reduction in the gyre component in the northern subtropical gyre region. This indicates that the lack of relationship between the total OHT and AMOC is due to changes in OHT by the subtropical gyre. The overturning and gyre components should therefore be considered separately to gain a more complet

Published
2023

49. The hydrological cycle and ocean circulation of the Maritime Continent in the Pliocene: results from PlioMIP2

Author

Sub Physical Oceanography, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ren, Xin, Lunt, Daniel J., Hendy, Erica, Von Der Heydt, Anna, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Williams, Charles J.R., Stepanek, Christian, Guo, Chuncheng, Chandan, Deepak, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tindall, Julia C., Sohl, Linda E., Chandler, Mark A., Kageyama, Masa, Baatsen, Michiel L.J., Tan, Ning, Zhang, Qiong, Feng, Ran, Hunter, Stephen, Chan, Wing Le, Peltier, W. Richard, Li, Xiangyu, Kamae, Youichi, Zhang, Zhongshi, Haywood, Alan M., Sub Physical Oceanography, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ren, Xin, Lunt, Daniel J., Hendy, Erica, Von Der Heydt, Anna, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Williams, Charles J.R., Stepanek, Christian, Guo, Chuncheng, Chandan, Deepak, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tindall, Julia C., Sohl, Linda E., Chandler, Mark A., Kageyama, Masa, Baatsen, Michiel L.J., Tan, Ning, Zhang, Qiong, Feng, Ran, Hunter, Stephen, Chan, Wing Le, Peltier, W. Richard, Li, Xiangyu, Kamae, Youichi, Zhang, Zhongshi, and Haywood, Alan M.

Published
2023

50. Global and Zonal-Mean Hydrological Response to Early Eocene Warmth

Author

Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Cramwinckel, Margot J., Burls, Natalie J., Fahad, Abdullah A., Knapp, Scott, West, Christopher K., Reichgelt, Tammo, Greenwood, David R., Chan, Wing Le, Donnadieu, Yannick, Hutchinson, David K., de Boer, Agatha M., Ladant, Jean Baptiste, Morozova, Polina A., Niezgodzki, Igor, Knorr, Gregor, Steinig, Sebastian, Zhang, Zhongshi, Zhu, Jiang, Feng, Ran, Lunt, Daniel J., Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Inglis, Gordon N., Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Cramwinckel, Margot J., Burls, Natalie J., Fahad, Abdullah A., Knapp, Scott, West, Christopher K., Reichgelt, Tammo, Greenwood, David R., Chan, Wing Le, Donnadieu, Yannick, Hutchinson, David K., de Boer, Agatha M., Ladant, Jean Baptiste, Morozova, Polina A., Niezgodzki, Igor, Knorr, Gregor, Steinig, Sebastian, Zhang, Zhongshi, Zhu, Jiang, Feng, Ran, Lunt, Daniel J., Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, and Inglis, Gordon N.

Published
2023

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