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Background Methods Result Conclusion The clinical characteristics and management of late‐onset chylothorax after lung cancer surgery remained unknown. Here we aimed to provide evidence on the management of late‐onset chylothorax by analysis of several cases with the largest sample size.We retrospectively collected clinical data of patients who developed late‐onset chylothorax after lung cancer surgery and were re‐admitted by a single surgeon in our center from 2016 to 2022. The clinical characteristics and management for these patients were analysed. The role of Hem‐o‐lok clipping after lymphadenectomy in preventing late‐onset chylothorax was further explored by comparing the surgical outcomes between treated group and control group.A total of six patients who were re‐admitted for late‐onset chylothorax after lung cancer surgery were included for analysis. The mean age of them was 60.7 years old. The symptom of late‐onset chylothorax was mainly dyspnea and cough and the diagnosis was all made by Sudan III staining between postoperative day 17 to 42. All patients were firstly treated with thoracocentesis and low‐fat diet with intravenous nutrition. Four patients were successfully managed with low‐fat diet and thoracocentesis, while the other two patients were further managed with pleurodesis with 50% glucose fluid solution. We found a significantly decreased risk of late‐onset chylothorax in the treated group with improved procedure of applying Hem‐o‐lok clipping after lymphadenectomy than in the control group (0% versus 2.6%, P < 0.01).Late‐onset chylothorax after lung cancer surgery was a rare and negligible complication, which may usually be managed by non‐surgical methods. Hem‐o‐lok clipping during lymphadenectomy seemed to be an effective method to prevent late‐onset chylothorax after lung cancer surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the utility of a combination of the modified Caprini score and D-dimer levels for the evaluation and management of lower extremity venous thrombosis following lung cancer surgery. The purpose was to offer insights for developing clinical intervention programs. Methods: The study sample consisted of 224 patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer at the First Central Hospital of Baoding City. General patient data and D-dimer levels on the first day post-surgery were collected. The modified Caprini risk assessment score was calculated. All patients underwent ultrasonography of the lower limb veins before and after surgery to identify venous thrombosis in the lower limb veins. Differences in lower extremity venous thrombosis and D-dimer levels among patients in various modified Caprini score groups were compared and analyzed. Results: Based on the modified Caprini risk assessment score, all patients were categorized into three groups: the low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, but the differences in the rates of lower extremity venous thrombosis in the low, intermediate, and high-risk Caprini risk groups (16.5%, 19.2%, and 37.1%, respectively) were statistically significant. Out of the total 224 patients, 47 (21%) were diagnosed with venous thromboembolisms post-surgery, and all of them had thrombosis of the intermuscular veins of the lower extremity. The difference in the modified Caprini risk assessment score between patients with and without lower extremity venous thrombosis was statistically significant (P = 0.035), as were the postoperative D-dimer levels (1.28 ± 1.64 vs. 2.69 ± 2.77, respectively; P < 0.05) between these two groups of patients. The modified Caprini risk assessment score showed an association with lower extremity venous thrombosis (r = 0.15, P = 0.56) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.59. Conclusion: In this study, we found that combining the modified Caprini risk assessment score with D-dimer measurements enhanced the accuracy of assessing the severity of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This combination can be beneficial in evaluating thrombosis risk post-lung cancer surgery and holds significant clinical utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Segmentectomy has been widely performed in clinical practice, which required a comprehensive understanding of anatomical structure. In right lower lobe, studies of superior segment (S6) were relatively small-sized. And only one study focusing on subsuperior segment (S∗) was published, which showed different results with previous ones. As the close relationship between S6 and S∗, variation types and their prevalence rate were reported, aiming to providing larger-size study of S6 and showing new evidence on anatomical structure of S∗. 800 CT imaging data were collected from patients in our hospital. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed after quality check. All images were screened according to the definition of corresponding segment and anatomical variations were analyzed. The proportion of S6 variation types in the largest scale (718 patients) was reported with no significant difference compared to previous studies and newly classified subtypes of two-stem V6. The prevalence rate for S∗ in right lower lobe reached 28.3 % (203/718) with similar proportion of three types. Variation types and origins of pulmonary artery were analyzed in detail, finding two-stem A∗ only be observed in type III B∗. Through this study, the variation types and incidence rate of S6 were confirmed, and a different result of S∗ has been provided as well. The feasibility of the current classification standards and proposed new subclassifications were verified. The results would be a supplement to lung segmental anatomy and could advance researches in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has evolved tremendously in recent decades as innovations in medical therapies advanced concomitantly with minimally invasive surgical techniques. Despite early skepticism regarding its benefits, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) techniques for the surgical resection of early-stage NSCLC have now become the standard of care. After being the subject of many studies since its inception, VATS has been shown to cause less postoperative pain, have shorter recovery time, and have fewer overall complications when compared to conventional open approaches. Furthermore, some studies have shown it to have comparable oncological outcomes, though more higher evidence studies are needed. Newer technologies and improved surgical instruments, advancements in nodule localization techniques, and improved preoperative staging procedures have allowed for the development of newer, less invasive techniques such as uniportal VATS and parenchymal-sparing sublobar resections, which might further improve postoperative rates of complications in specific cases. These minimally invasive approaches have allowed surgeons to offer surgery to high-risk patients and those who would otherwise not tolerate conventional thoracotomy, though some relative contraindications still exist. This review aims to describe the evolution of VATS lobectomy, current techniques, its indications, contraindications, preoperative testing, benefits, and outcomes in patients with stage I and II NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The diagnostic criteria of lymphatic vascular invasion have not been standardized. Our investigation assesses the factors associated with lymphatic vascular invasion positive tumors and the impact of lymphatic vascular invasion on overall survival for patients with non–small cell lung cancer undergoing (bi)lobectomy with an adequate node dissection. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried from the years 2010 to 2015 to find surgical patients who underwent lobectomy with at least 10 lymph nodes examined (adequate node dissection) and with known lymphatic vascular invasion status. Paired t tests were used to distinguish differences between the patients with and without lymphatic vascular invasion in their specimen. Multivariable analysis was used to determine factors associated with overall survival. Propensity score matching adjusting for overall survival factors was used to determine the lymphatic vascular invasion's overall survival impact by grade, histology, p-T/N/overall stage, and tumor size. Results: Lymphatic vascular invasion status was reported in 91.6% and positive in 23.4% of 28,842 eligible patients. Academic medical centers, institutions with populations more than 1,000,000, and the mid-Atlantic region reported higher rates of lymphatic vascular invasion positive tumors as well as overall survival compared with other cancer centers. Lymphatic vascular invasion was independently associated with a significant decrement in overall survival as per multivariable analysis and propensity score matching. Propensity score matching demonstrated that lymphatic vascular invasion was associated with a significant decrement in overall survival for all histologies, tumor grades, tumor sizes, and stages, except for more advanced pathologic stages T3/III/N2 and larger tumors greater than 4 cm for which overall survival was trending worse with lymphatic vascular invasion positive. Conclusions: Lymphatic vascular invasion positive varies based on hospital location/type and population, but it was associated with a decrement in overall survival that was independent of pathologic T/N/overall stage, histology, and tumor grade. Lymphatic vascular invasion must be standardized and considered as a staging variable and should be considered as a sole determinant for prognosis, especially for those with earlier-stage and smaller tumors.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to examine the utility of a combination of the modified Caprini score and D-dimer levels for the evaluation and management of lower extremity venous thrombosis following lung cancer surgery. The purpose was to offer insights for developing clinical intervention programs. Methods The study sample consisted of 224 patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer at the First Central Hospital of Baoding City. General patient data and D-dimer levels on the first day post-surgery were collected. The modified Caprini risk assessment score was calculated. All patients underwent ultrasonography of the lower limb veins before and after surgery to identify venous thrombosis in the lower limb veins. Differences in lower extremity venous thrombosis and D-dimer levels among patients in various modified Caprini score groups were compared and analyzed. Results Based on the modified Caprini risk assessment score, all patients were categorized into three groups: the low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, but the differences in the rates of lower extremity venous thrombosis in the low, intermediate, and high-risk Caprini risk groups (16.5%, 19.2%, and 37.1%, respectively) were statistically significant. Out of the total 224 patients, 47 (21%) were diagnosed with venous thromboembolisms post-surgery, and all of them had thrombosis of the intermuscular veins of the lower extremity. The difference in the modified Caprini risk assessment score between patients with and without lower extremity venous thrombosis was statistically significant (P = 0.035), as were the postoperative D-dimer levels (1.28 ± 1.64 vs. 2.69 ± 2.77, respectively; P

Objective: Segmentectomy has been widely performed in clinical practice, which required a comprehensive understanding of anatomical structure. In right lower lobe, studies of superior segment (S6) were relatively small-sized. And only one study focusing on subsuperior segment (S∗) was published, which showed different results with previous ones. As the close relationship between S6 and S∗, variation types and their prevalence rate were reported, aiming to providing larger-size study of S6 and showing new evidence on anatomical structure of S∗. Methods: 800 CT imaging data were collected from patients in our hospital. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed after quality check. All images were screened according to the definition of corresponding segment and anatomical variations were analyzed. Results: The proportion of S6 variation types in the largest scale (718 patients) was reported with no significant difference compared to previous studies and newly classified subtypes of two-stem V6. The prevalence rate for S∗ in right lower lobe reached 28.3 % (203/718) with similar proportion of three types. Variation types and origins of pulmonary artery were analyzed in detail, finding two-stem A∗ only be observed in type III B∗. Conclusions: Through this study, the variation types and incidence rate of S6 were confirmed, and a different result of S∗ has been provided as well. The feasibility of the current classification standards and proposed new subclassifications were verified. The results would be a supplement to lung segmental anatomy and could advance researches in the future.

Background: Despite increasing sub-specialization, general surgeons continue to perform oncologic thoracic surgeries. Our objective was to determine whether general surgery resident participation in thoracic surgery affects surgical quality or oncologic outcomes. We hypothesized that patient outcomes with and without resident participation would be similar. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic health records of patients with stage 0-IV lung cancer undergoing oncologic pulmonary resection at BLINDED FOR REVIEW during an 11-year period (2012-2022). Patients younger than 18 years or older than 85 years were excluded, as were those who had incomplete follow-up data or were unregistered in our institutional cancer registry. Patients were divided into groups based on whether residents or staff surgeons completed >50% of the critical portions of the operation. We compared 30-day morbidity outcomes, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Three hundred thirteen patients met inclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups, as were types of surgical resection and median operative times. A statistical difference was found in the distribution of surgical approach. The odds of morbidity were 65% higher in the Staff group (OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.007-2.71). Resident participation was not significantly associated with OS or DFS (P =.32 and P =.54, respectively). Discussion: General surgery resident involvement in lung cancer operations is not associated with longer operative times but is associated with a higher likelihood of a thoracotomy. General surgery resident involvement was associated with decreased postoperative morbidity and did not significantly affect OS or DFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: At present, the incidence of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (SMPLC) is increasing, and the treatment is still a challenge. This study aims to investigate the appropriate surgical procedure for treating bilateral primary lung cancer simultaneously. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 32 patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral lung cancer surgery in our team. This data included patient characteristics, pulmonary function indicators, surgical procedures, operation duration, chest tube removal time, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Results: Out of the 32 patients, 15 were male, and 17 were female, with an average age of 56.4 ± 8.8 years. The average maximum diameter of the main and minor tumors was 1.8 ± 1.0 cm and 1.0 ±.5 cm, respectively. All surgeries were performed thoracoscopically through intercostal approach. The procedure for the minor tumor was performed first, followed by the main tumor operation after turning over. One case was converted to thoracotomy during the main tumor operation because of bleeding. Postoperative complications occurred in one patient. No instances of respiratory insufficiency or failure were observed after the operation, and there were no perioperative deaths or readmissions within 90 days. Conclusion: Simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopic surgery is deemed a secure and feasible option for eligible patients with bilateral primary lung cancer, and it is advisable to commence the operation on the minor tumor first. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study introduces a CT-based 3D reconstruction algorithm for measuring resection margins post sublobar resection in lung cancer patients. It aims to enhance accuracy and reproducibility, addressing the limitations of gross margin measurement. The findings show feasibility with a target registration error of <2.5 mm. This approach could revolutionize lung cancer treatment, facilitating prompt identification of patients with inadequate resection margins for timely post-operative adjuvant therapies. Sublobar resection has emerged as a standard treatment option for early-stage peripheral non-small cell lung cancer. Achieving an adequate resection margin is crucial to prevent local tumor recurrence. However, gross measurement of the resection margin may lack accuracy due to the elasticity of lung tissue and interobserver variability. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an objective measurement method, the CT-based 3D reconstruction algorithm, to quantify the resection margin following sublobar resection in lung cancer patients through pre- and post-operative CT image comparison. An automated subvascular matching technique was first developed to ensure accuracy and reproducibility in the matching process. Following the extraction of matched feature points, another key technique involves calculating the displacement field within the image. This is particularly important for mapping discontinuous deformation fields around the surgical resection area. A transformation based on thin-plate spline is used for medical image registration. Upon completing the final step of image registration, the distance at the resection margin was measured. After developing the CT-based 3D reconstruction algorithm, we included 12 cases for resection margin distance measurement, comprising 4 right middle lobectomies, 6 segmentectomies, and 2 wedge resections. The outcomes obtained with our method revealed that the target registration error for all cases was less than 2.5 mm. Our method demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the resection margin following sublobar resection in lung cancer patients through pre- and post-operative CT image comparison. Further validation with a multicenter, large cohort, and analysis of clinical outcome correlation is necessary in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the surgical treatment of lung cancer patients. Data from patients who underwent surgery during the pandemic were analyzed and compared to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Multiple parameters were examined, and their changes yielded significant results compared to other periods of the study. The statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in the number of surgical interventions during the pandemic (p < 0.001), followed by a significant rebound thereafter. During this period, there was a significant increase in the T stage of cancer compared to both pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods (p = 0.027). Additionally, the mean Charlson comorbidity index score was significantly higher during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (p = 0.042). In this crisis period, a significant decrease was recorded in both the total hospitalization duration (p = 0.015) and the pre-operative hospitalization duration (p = 0.006). These findings provide evidence of significant changes in clinical and therapeutic strategies applied to lung cancer surgery patients during the study period. The pandemic has had a substantial and complex impact, the full extent of which remains to be fully understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Artificial intelligence (AI) has largely changed the overall management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by enhancing different aspects, including staging, prognosis assessment, treatment prediction, response evaluation, recurrence/prognosis prediction, and personalized prognostic assessment. In the present narrative review, we analyzed and discuss studies reporting on how AI algorithms could predict responses to various treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by enhancing different aspects, including staging, prognosis assessment, treatment prediction, response evaluation, recurrence/prognosis prediction, and personalized prognostic assessment. AI algorithms may accurately classify NSCLC stages using machine learning techniques and deep imaging data analysis. This could potentially improve precision and efficiency in staging, facilitating personalized treatment decisions. Furthermore, there are data suggesting the potential application of AI-based models in predicting prognosis in terms of survival rates and disease progression by integrating clinical, imaging and molecular data. In the present narrative review, we will analyze the preliminary studies reporting on how AI algorithms could predict responses to various treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. There is robust evidence suggesting that AI also plays a crucial role in predicting the likelihood of tumor recurrence after surgery and the pattern of failure, which has significant implications for tailoring adjuvant treatments. The successful implementation of AI in personalized prognostic assessment requires the integration of different data sources, including clinical, molecular, and imaging data. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques enable AI models to analyze these data and generate personalized prognostic predictions, allowing for a precise and individualized approach to patient care. However, challenges relating to data quality, interpretability, and the ability of AI models to generalize need to be addressed. Collaboration among clinicians, data scientists, and regulators is critical for the responsible implementation of AI and for maximizing its benefits in providing a more personalized prognostic assessment. Continued research, validation, and collaboration are essential to fully exploit the potential of AI in NSCLC management and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we have summarized the state of the art of applications of AI in lung cancer for predicting staging, prognosis, and pattern of recurrence after treatment in order to provide to the readers a large comprehensive overview of this challenging issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After lung cancer surgery, lung function impairment is an unavoidable issue in clinical practice, with factors such as surgical methods, resection sites, and individual differences leading to variations in the extent of lung function loss and recovery time points. This article summarizes the introduction and role of lung function tests, the effects of different surgical methods, resection sites, and physical rehabilitation training on lung function. The aim is to compare the extent of lung function loss in patients undergoing different surgical methods and resection sites, providing a reference for developing personalized exercise rehabilitation care plans for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open in new tab Download slide OBJECTIVES To validate or refute the hypothesis that non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with ground-glass areas (GGA+) within the tumour on high-resolution computed tomography are associated with a more favourable prognosis than those without GGA (GGA−). METHODS We analysed data from a multicentre observational cohort study in Japan including 5005 patients with completely resected pathological stage I NSCLC, who were excluded from the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 0707 trial on oral adjuvant treatment during the enrolment period. The patients' medical and pathological records were assessed retrospectively by physicians and re-staged according to the 8th tumour, node, metastasis edition. RESULTS Of the 5005 patients, 2388 (48%) were ineligible for the JCOG0707 trial and 2617 (52%) were eligible but were not enrolled. A total of 958 patients (19.1%) died. Patients with GGA+ NSCLC and pathological invasion ≤3 cm showed significantly better overall survival than others. In patients with tumours with an invasive portion ≤4 cm, GGA+ was associated with better survival. The prognoses of patients with GGA+ T2a and GGA− T1c tumours were similar (5-year overall survival: 84.6% vs 83.1%, respectively). The survival with T2b or more tumours appeared unaffected by GGA, and GGA was not prognostic in these larger tumours. CONCLUSIONS Patients with GGA+ NSCLC on high-resolution computed tomography and ≤4 cm invasion size may have a better prognosis than patients with solid GGA− tumours of the same T-stage. However, the presence or absence of radiological GGA has little impact on the prognosis of patients with NSCLC with greater (>4 cm) pathological invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open in new tab Download slide OBJECTIVES There is no consensus in the literature on preoperative histological analysis for lung cancer. The objective of this study was to assess 4 diagnostic models used in different hospitals with differing practices regarding preoperative histological diagnosis and the consequences in terms of unnecessary surgery and futile major resection. METHODS We carried out a retrospective observational study collected from 4 university hospitals in Spain over 3 years (January 2019 to December 2021). We included all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary lung cancer and any patients with suspected primary lung cancer who had undergone surgery. All patients underwent computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans. Each multidisciplinary committee was free to choose whether to perform flexible bronchoscopic or transthoracic lung biopsy. Decisions concerning whether to perform intraoperative sample analysis, the surgical approach and the type of resection were left to the surgical team. RESULTS We included a total of 1642 patients. The use of flexible endoscopy and its diagnostic performance varied substantially between hospitals (range: 23.8–79.3% and 25–60.7%, respectively); and the same was observed for transthoracic biopsy and its performance (range: 16.9–82.3% and 64.6–97%, respectively). Regarding major resection surgery (lobectomy or more extensive resection), the lowest rate was observed in hospital C (1%) and the highest in hospital B (2.8%), with between-hospital differences not reaching significance (P  = 0.173). CONCLUSIONS The rate of histological sampling before lung cancer surgery still varies between hospitals. In spite of very diverse multidisciplinary management, the rate of futile lobectomy is not significantly higher in hospitals with lower rates of preoperative histological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously demonstrated the usefulness of combining stitching with covering to seal alveolar air leaks in an animal model. This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness and feasibility of this sealing method in the clinical setting. Data of 493 patients who underwent thoracoscopic anatomical resection between 2013 and 2020 for lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Prolonged air leak was defined as chest drain placement lasting 5 d or longer due to air leak. Until July 2017 (early study period), we covered air leaks using mesh. However, for sealing (late study period), we additionally stitched leaks with pledget in patients at high risk of prolonged air leak. The pneumostasis procedure, intraoperative confirmation test of pneumostasis, and chest tube management were uniform during both periods. The incidence of prolonged air leak was significantly lower in the late than in the early period (3.6% versus 12.5%), whereas pulmonary emphysema was more severe in the late period compared to the early period. Intraoperative failure of sealing air leaks was significantly reduced in the late period than in the early period. In both univariate and propensity score matching analysis, the study period was a significant predictor of prolonged air leak. The combination of stitching and covering with mesh may contribute to reducing prolonged air leak incidence in patients undergoing thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection for lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe and compare the RATS learning curve between two surgeons in one department for lung cancer surgery using the CUSUM method. Methods: Retrospective analysis using a prospective database on robotic-assisted lung resections performed by two different surgeons in one hospital. The CUSUM method was used to describe the learning curve. Results: 366 consecutives cases were analysed (195 for the first surgeon and 171 for the second surgeon). A traditional 3-phase pattern learning curve was found with a diminution of the operating time throughout the different phases. For Surgeon 1, phase 1 was from case 1 to 59, phase 2 from case 60 to 99 and phase 3 started at case 100. For Surgeon 2, phase 1 was from 1 to 44, phase 2 from case 45 to 79 and phase 3 started at case 80. Conclusion: This study described our first experience with the Da Vinci Robotic System in our department. The curves had a similar shape which shows the learning curve of robotic surgery using the CUSUM method is reproducible. Furthermore, our results showed that the learning curve may improve after the programme starts in the department when the different team elements are all trained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We compare the application of intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in lung cancer with near-infrared-I (NIR-I) and near-infrared-II (NIR-II) windows. Methods: From March to December 2022, we enrolled patients who received an intravenous injection of ICG (5 mg/kg) 1 day before the planned lung cancer surgery. The lung cancer nodules were imaged by NIR-I/II fluorescence imaging systems, and the tumor-to-normal-tissue ratio (TNR) was calculated. In addition, the fluorescence intensity and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of capillary glass tubes containing ICG covered with different thicknesses of lung tissue were measured by NIR-I/II fluorescence imaging systems. Results: In this study, 102 patients were enrolled, and the mean age was 59.9 ± 9.2 years. A total of 96 (94.1%) and 98 (96.1%) lung nodules were successfully imaged with NIR-I and NIR-II fluorescence, and the TNR of NIR-II was significantly higher than that of NIR-I (3.9 ± 1.3 versus 2.4 ± 0.6, P < 0.001). In multiple linear regression, solid nodules (P < 0.001) and squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of a higher TNR of NIR-I/II. When capillary glass tubes were covered with lung tissue whose thickness was more than 2 mm, the fluorescence intensity and the SBR of NIR-II were significantly higher than those of NIR-I. Conclusions: We verified the feasibility of NIR-II fluorescence imaging in intravenous ICG lung cancer imaging for the first time. NIR-II fluorescence can improve the TNR and penetration depth of lung cancer with promising clinical prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Lung cancer remains a major global health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. With advancements in medical treatments, an increasing number of early-stage lung cancer cases are being detected, making surgical treatment the primary option for such cases. However, this presents challenges to the physical and mental recovery of patients. Peplau known as the “mother of psychiatric associations” has formulated a theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing. Through effective communication between nurses and patients over four periods, she has established a good therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of perioperative multimodal nursing based on Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory on the rehabilitation of patients with surgical lung cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 106 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy at our department between June 2021 and April 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the different nursing intervention techniques. The Peplau’s group comprised 53 patients who received targeted nursing interventions, and the control group comprised 53 patients who received conventional nursing care. We observed the patients’ illness uncertainty, quality of life, and clinical symptoms in both groups. Results Patients in the Peplau’s group had significantly lower illness uncertainty scores and a significantly higher quality of recovery than those in the control group. However, there were no significant differences in length of post-anesthesia care unit stay, complication rates, and visual analog scores between both groups. Conclusion The multimodal perioperative nursing based on Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory not only reduces the illness uncertainty of patients with lung cancer surgery and improves their QoR but also expands the application of this theory in clinical practice, guiding perioperative nursing of patients with lung cancer. Implications These findings provide practical information for standardized care in a hectic anesthetic care setting. Impact The assessed anesthesia nursing model helps reduce uncertainty and promote early recovery in patients with cancer at various stages of their disease, which expands the scope of therapeutic practice and existing theories. It also serves as a guide for care in the anesthesia recovery room. Reporting method We adhered to the relevant Equator guidelines and the checklist of items in the case–control study report. Patient or public contribution Patients cooperated with medical staff to complete relevant scales.

Objective: Failure to rescue (FTR), defined as in-hospital death following a major complication, has been increasingly studied in patients who undergo cardiothoracic surgery. This study tested the hypothesis that elderly patients undergoing lung cancer resection have greater rates of FTR compared with younger patients. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for primary lung cancer between 2011 and 2020 and had at least 1 major postoperative complication were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients who died following complications (FTR) were compared with those who survived in an elderly (80+ years) and younger (

Abstract Objective Frailty develops as a result of age-related decline in many physiological systems and is associated with increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes following thoracic surgery. We prospectively tested our hypothesis that pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation (Prehab) improves frailty, as suggested by a frailty index > 3 (FI > 3) and fitness, and thereby reduces the risk of post-surgical complications and death in vulnerable elderly lung cancer patients. Methods 221 surgical patients, 80 with FI > 3 vs. 141 patients with FI 3 (≥ 70,FI > 3) were compared with younger patients 3 were significantly older, had lower 6MWT and higher thoracoscores hence, 82.5% of patients with FI > 3 vs. 33.3% (p = 0.02) with FI ≤ 3 were considered high risk for surgery and postoperative adverse events. With Prehab there was significant improvement in the FI, dyspnoea scores, PS, LOA and 6MWT. Following surgery, there were no differences in major complication rates (8.8% vs. 9.2% p = ns); LOHS median (IQR) [7 (6.8) vs. 8 (5.5) days]; mortality at 30-days (3.7% vs. 0.7%, p = ns); 90-days (6.3% vs. 2.8%, p = ns) and 1-year survival (81.1% vs. 83.7% p = ns). Survival at 1100 days was (63.2% vs. 71.1%, p = 0.19). Likewise, 87.7% elderly ≥ 70,FI > 3 patients were considered high-risk for surgery and postoperative adverse events vs. 35.1% younger patients 3 was 55.2% vs. 79.96% for

Background: Lung cancer remains a major global health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. With advancements in medical treatments, an increasing number of early-stage lung cancer cases are being detected, making surgical treatment the primary option for such cases. However, this presents challenges to the physical and mental recovery of patients. Peplau known as the "mother of psychiatric associations" has formulated a theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing. Through effective communication between nurses and patients over four periods, she has established a good therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of perioperative multimodal nursing based on Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory on the rehabilitation of patients with surgical lung cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 106 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy at our department between June 2021 and April 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the different nursing intervention techniques. The Peplau's group comprised 53 patients who received targeted nursing interventions, and the control group comprised 53 patients who received conventional nursing care. We observed the patients' illness uncertainty, quality of life, and clinical symptoms in both groups. Results: Patients in the Peplau's group had significantly lower illness uncertainty scores and a significantly higher quality of recovery than those in the control group. However, there were no significant differences in length of post-anesthesia care unit stay, complication rates, and visual analog scores between both groups. Conclusion: The multimodal perioperative nursing based on Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory not only reduces the illness uncertainty of patients with lung cancer surgery and improves their QoR but also expands the application of this theory in clinical practice, guiding perioperative nursing of patients with lung cancer. Implications: These findings provide practical information for standardized care in a hectic anesthetic care setting. Impact: The assessed anesthesia nursing model helps reduce uncertainty and promote early recovery in patients with cancer at various stages of their disease, which expands the scope of therapeutic practice and existing theories. It also serves as a guide for care in the anesthesia recovery room. Reporting method: We adhered to the relevant Equator guidelines and the checklist of items in the case–control study report. Patient or public contribution: Patients cooperated with medical staff to complete relevant scales. Global contribution: •Demand for nursing care from patients with NSCLC at various stages of the disease varies and changes over time. •The anesthesia nursing model based on Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory helps to reduce uncertainty and promote early recovery in patients with cancer. •This model has some viability and efficacy, which expands the scope of therapeutic practice and existing theories. It also serves as a guide for care in the anesthesia recovery room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The outcomes of lung cancer surgery depend on the patients’ nutritional status. Body fat percentage (BF%) is one of the indicators of body composition and nutritional status. Direct measurement of BF% is complicated, requires significant resources and is rarely performed. The CUN-BAE (Clínica Universidad de Navarra – Body Adiposity Estimator) index has been shown to accurately predict BF% is several clinical settings, but its relation to the outcomes of lung surgery has not been reported so far. Aim: To determine the relation of the BF% to the outcomes of thoracoscopic lobectomy. Material and methods: This retrospective study included 1,183 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer between June 1999, and September 2019 at one department. BF% was calculated according to the Clínica Universidad de Navarra – Body Adiposity Estimator equation. The primary endpoints were postoperative complications and long-term survival. Results: Univariate analysis showed that higher BF% was related to lower incidence of complications (p = 0.001), including prolonged air leak (p < 0.001), atelectasis (p < 0.05), psychosis (p < 0.001), reoperations (p < 0.05), and shorter chest drainage (p = 0.001) and hospitalization duration (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that higher BF% was correlated with lower risk of complications (p = 0.005; OR = 0.964; 95% CI: 0.940 to 0.989), including prolonged air leak (p < 0.001; OR = 0.923; 95% CI: 0.886 to 0.962), and shorter duration of chest drainage (p < 0.001; B = –0.046; 95% CI: –0.069 to –0.023) and hospitalization (p < 0.001; B = –0.112; 95% CI: –0.176 to –0.048). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that BF% was not related to long-term survival. Conclusions: Body fat percentage is a valuable tool that can help predict the short-term outcomes of minimally lobectomy for lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Frailty develops as a result of age-related decline in many physiological systems and is associated with increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes following thoracic surgery. We prospectively tested our hypothesis that pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation (Prehab) improves frailty, as suggested by a frailty index > 3 (FI > 3) and fitness, and thereby reduces the risk of post-surgical complications and death in vulnerable elderly lung cancer patients. Methods: 221 surgical patients, 80 with FI > 3 vs. 141 patients with FI < 3, following Prehab proceeded to surgery. Their Frailty index (FI), dyspnoea scores, performance status (PS), level of activity (LOA) and six-minute walk test (6MWT) prior to and following Prehab were determined. The post-operative length of hospital stay (LOHS), complications, mortality and mid-term survival at 1100 days were compared. Similarly, outcomes for elderly patient ≥ 70 years with FI > 3 (≥ 70,FI > 3) were compared with younger patients < 70 years with FI ≤ 3 (< 70,FI ≤ 3). Results: Patients with FI > 3 were significantly older, had lower 6MWT and higher thoracoscores hence, 82.5% of patients with FI > 3 vs. 33.3% (p = 0.02) with FI ≤ 3 were considered high risk for surgery and postoperative adverse events. With Prehab there was significant improvement in the FI, dyspnoea scores, PS, LOA and 6MWT. Following surgery, there were no differences in major complication rates (8.8% vs. 9.2% p = ns); LOHS median (IQR) [7 (6.8) vs. 8 (5.5) days]; mortality at 30-days (3.7% vs. 0.7%, p = ns); 90-days (6.3% vs. 2.8%, p = ns) and 1-year survival (81.1% vs. 83.7% p = ns). Survival at 1100 days was (63.2% vs. 71.1%, p = 0.19). Likewise, 87.7% elderly ≥ 70,FI > 3 patients were considered high-risk for surgery and postoperative adverse events vs. 35.1% younger patients < 70,FI ≤ 3 (p = 0.0001). Following Prehab and surgery, there were no significant differences in complications, LOHS, mortality at 365 days between the two groups. Survival at 1100 days for ≥ 70,FI > 3 was 55.2% vs. 79.96% for < 70,FI ≤ 3; (p = 0,01). Conclusion: Our study suggests that Prehab optimises vulnerable high-risk elderly lung cancer patients with frailty allowing them to undergo surgery with outcomes of post-surgical complications, LOHS and mortality at 365 days no different to patients with no frailty. However, mid-term survival was lower for elderly patients with frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no consensus on the optimal timing for lung cancer surgery. We aim to evaluate the impact of timing of surgical intervention. We hypothesize delay in intervention is associated with worse overall survival and higher pathologic upstaging in early-stage lung cancer. We identified patients with cT1/2 N 0M0 nonsmall cell lung cancer in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2018. Patients were categorized by time to surgery groups: early (<26 d), average (26-60 d), and delayed (61-365 d). Primary outcome was overall survival and secondary outcome was pathologic upstaging. Multivariate models and survival analyses were used to determine factors associated with time from diagnosis to surgery, pathologic upstaging, and overall survival. In multivariate model, advanced age, non-Hispanic Black patients, nonprivate insurance, low median income and education, and treatment at low-volume facilities were less likely to undergo early intervention and compared to the average group were more likely to receive delayed intervention. Pathologic upstaging was more likely in the delayed group (odds ratio 1.11, 1.07-1.14) compared to early group (odds ratio 0.96, 0.93-0.99). Early intervention was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio 0.93, 0.91-0.95), while delayed intervention was associated with inferior survival (hazard ratio 1.11, 1.09-1.14). Expeditious surgical intervention is associated with lower rates of pathologic upstaging and improved overall survival in early-stage lung cancer. Delays in surgery are associated with social and economic factors, suggesting disparities in access to surgery. Lung cancer surgery should be performed as quickly as possible to maximize oncologic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zemin He,1 Hong Li,1 Boxiong Cao,1 Ziliang Zan,1 Hao Feng,1 Qiang Wei,1 Keting Liu2 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District (West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University), Chendu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Chengdu Seventh People’s Hospital, Chendu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qiang Wei, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District (West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University), 120 Chengbei Upper Street, Dongsheng Town, Shuangliu District, Chendu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13778533702, Email 993092572@qq.comPurpose: To explore the predictive value of skeletal muscle function measurement combined with stair climbing test for postoperative cardiopulmonary complications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from June 2022 to July 2023 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, including 335 COPD patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery. The patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications: the complication group and the non-complication group. The demographic data, including gender, age, smoking history, quadriceps strength, body mass index (BMI), respiratory muscle strength, 6-minute walk test (6MWD), stair climbing test, and preoperative pulmonary function tests, were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive power of each parameter for postoperative cardiopulmonary complications.Results: Among the enrolled patients, 103 (30.7%) developed postoperative cardiopulmonary complications. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of quadriceps strength, respiratory muscle strength, 6MWD, smoking history, stair climbing test, DLCO%, FEV1%, heart rate, oxygen saturation, surgical duration, surgical approach, resection range, and blood loss (P< 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that respiratory muscle strength, quadriceps strength, stair climbing test, FEV1%, DLCO%, ΔHR, ΔSPO2, surgical approach were identified as risk factors for postoperative cardiopulmonary complications in patients with COPD and lung cancer.Conclusion: Skeletal muscle function measurement, stair climbing test, FEV1, surgical approach, and DLCO% can serve as assessment tools for surgical risk in patients with COPD and lung cancer. They can predict the occurrence of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications to a certain extent, providing valuable predictive value for these complications in patients with COPD and NSCLC.Keywords: respiratory muscle function, Cardiopulmonary complications, lung cancer surgery, Climbing test

Abstract Background Lungsco01 is the first study assessing the real benefits and the medico-economic impact of video-thoracoscopy versus open thoracotomy for non-small cell lung cancer in the French context. Methods Two hundred and fifty nine adult patients from 10 French centres were randomised in this prospective multicentre randomised controlled trial, between July 29, 2016, and November 24, 2020. Survival from surgical intervention to day 30 and later was compared with the log-rank test. Total quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs) were calculated using the EQ-5D-3L®. For medico-economic analyses at 30 days and at 3 months after surgery, resources consumed were valorised (€ 2018) from a hospital perspective. First, since mortality was infrequent and not different between the two arms, cost-minimisation analyses were performed considering only the cost differential. Second, based on complete cases on QALYs, cost-utility analyses were performed taking into account cost and QALY differential. Acceptability curves and the 95% confidence intervals for the incremental ratios were then obtained using the non-parametric bootstrap method (10,000 replications). Sensitivity analyses were performed using multiple imputations with the chained equation method. Results The average cumulative costs of thoracotomy were lower than those of video-thoracoscopy at 30 days (€9,730 (SD = 3,597) vs. €11,290 (SD = 4,729)) and at 3 months (€9,863 (SD = 3,508) vs. €11,912 (SD = 5,159)). In the cost-utility analyses, the incremental cost-utility ratio was €19,162 per additional QALY gained at 30 days (€36,733 at 3 months). The acceptability curve revealed a 64% probability of efficiency at 30 days for video-thoracoscopy, at a widely-accepted willingness-to-pay threshold of €25,000 (34% at 3 months). Ratios increased after multiple imputations, implying a higher cost for video-thoracoscopy for an additional QALY gain (ratios: €26,015 at 30 days, €42,779 at 3 months). Conclusions Given our results, the economic efficiency of video-thoracoscopy at 30 days remains fragile at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €25,000/QALY. The economic efficiency is not established beyond that time horizon. The acceptability curves given will allow decision-makers to judge the probability of efficiency of this technology at other willingness-to-pay thresholds. Trial registration NCT02502318.

Background/Purpose: No studies have compared between uniportal and multiportal nonintubated thoracoscopic anatomical resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to compare short- and long-term postoperative outcomes concerning these two methods. Methods: Our retrospective dataset comprised patients with NSCLC who underwent uniportal or multiportal nonintubated thoracoscopic anatomical resection between January 2011 and December 2019. The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival. Propensity scores were matched according to age, sex, body mass index, pulmonary function, tumor size, cancer stage, and surgical method. Results: In total, 1130 such patients underwent nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and 490 consecutive patients with stage I–III NSCLC underwent nonintubated anatomical resection, including lobectomy and segmentectomy (uniportal, n = 158 [32.3%]; multiportal, n = 331 [67.7%]). The uniportal group had fewer dissected lymph nodes and lymph node stations. In paired group analysis, the uniportal group had shorter operation durations (99.8 vs. 138.2 min; P

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the surgical treatment of lung cancer patients. Data from patients who underwent surgery during the pandemic were analyzed and compared to pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Multiple parameters were examined, and their changes yielded significant results compared to other periods of the study. The statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in the number of surgical interventions during the pandemic (p < 0.001), followed by a significant rebound thereafter. During this period, there was a significant increase in the T stage of cancer compared to both pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods (p = 0.027). Additionally, the mean Charlson comorbidity index score was significantly higher during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (p = 0.042). In this crisis period, a significant decrease was recorded in both the total hospitalization duration (p = 0.015) and the pre-operative hospitalization duration (p = 0.006). These findings provide evidence of significant changes in clinical and therapeutic strategies applied to lung cancer surgery patients during the study period. The pandemic has had a substantial and complex impact, the full extent of which remains to be fully understood.

Abstract Background Although thoracic surgeons occasionally encounter dense adhesions of interlobar lymph node anthracosilicosis with the pulmonary artery, adhesiolysis may be challenging. Besides, characteristic microscopic features of the adherent lesion remain limited. Case presentation During a thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy of a patient with stage IA3 primary lung adenocarcinoma, several interlobar lymph nodes adhered to the posterior ascending branch of the pulmonary artery to the right upper lobe were noted. After an unplanned conversion to a thoracotomy to avoid massive bleeding, the pulmonary artery branch was safely isolated. Microscopic examination revealed lymph node anthracosilicosis proximal to the peripheral pulmonary artery wall, with granulomatous inflammation. The adventitial stroma of the pulmonary artery developed into dense and borderless fibrous tissue with dust-laden macrophages. Conclusions Our pathological findings on lymph node anthracosilicosis provide substantial evidence that adhesions between lymph nodes and the pulmonary artery walls may develop into dense and borderless fibrous tissue. This finding would remind thoracic surgeons that adhesiolysis could cause injury to the pulmonary artery.

Background: Although thoracic surgeons occasionally encounter dense adhesions of interlobar lymph node anthracosilicosis with the pulmonary artery, adhesiolysis may be challenging. Besides, characteristic microscopic features of the adherent lesion remain limited. Case presentation: During a thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy of a patient with stage IA3 primary lung adenocarcinoma, several interlobar lymph nodes adhered to the posterior ascending branch of the pulmonary artery to the right upper lobe were noted. After an unplanned conversion to a thoracotomy to avoid massive bleeding, the pulmonary artery branch was safely isolated. Microscopic examination revealed lymph node anthracosilicosis proximal to the peripheral pulmonary artery wall, with granulomatous inflammation. The adventitial stroma of the pulmonary artery developed into dense and borderless fibrous tissue with dust-laden macrophages. Conclusions: Our pathological findings on lymph node anthracosilicosis provide substantial evidence that adhesions between lymph nodes and the pulmonary artery walls may develop into dense and borderless fibrous tissue. This finding would remind thoracic surgeons that adhesiolysis could cause injury to the pulmonary artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lungsco01 is the first study assessing the real benefits and the medico-economic impact of video-thoracoscopy versus open thoracotomy for non-small cell lung cancer in the French context. Methods: Two hundred and fifty nine adult patients from 10 French centres were randomised in this prospective multicentre randomised controlled trial, between July 29, 2016, and November 24, 2020. Survival from surgical intervention to day 30 and later was compared with the log-rank test. Total quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs) were calculated using the EQ-5D-3L®. For medico-economic analyses at 30 days and at 3 months after surgery, resources consumed were valorised (€ 2018) from a hospital perspective. First, since mortality was infrequent and not different between the two arms, cost-minimisation analyses were performed considering only the cost differential. Second, based on complete cases on QALYs, cost-utility analyses were performed taking into account cost and QALY differential. Acceptability curves and the 95% confidence intervals for the incremental ratios were then obtained using the non-parametric bootstrap method (10,000 replications). Sensitivity analyses were performed using multiple imputations with the chained equation method. Results: The average cumulative costs of thoracotomy were lower than those of video-thoracoscopy at 30 days (€9,730 (SD = 3,597) vs. €11,290 (SD = 4,729)) and at 3 months (€9,863 (SD = 3,508) vs. €11,912 (SD = 5,159)). In the cost-utility analyses, the incremental cost-utility ratio was €19,162 per additional QALY gained at 30 days (€36,733 at 3 months). The acceptability curve revealed a 64% probability of efficiency at 30 days for video-thoracoscopy, at a widely-accepted willingness-to-pay threshold of €25,000 (34% at 3 months). Ratios increased after multiple imputations, implying a higher cost for video-thoracoscopy for an additional QALY gain (ratios: €26,015 at 30 days, €42,779 at 3 months). Conclusions: Given our results, the economic efficiency of video-thoracoscopy at 30 days remains fragile at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €25,000/QALY. The economic efficiency is not established beyond that time horizon. The acceptability curves given will allow decision-makers to judge the probability of efficiency of this technology at other willingness-to-pay thresholds. Trial registration: NCT02502318. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The surgical Apgar score (SAS)—calculated using the intraoperative variables estimated blood loss, lowest heart rate, and lowest mean systolic pressure—is associated with mortality in cancer surgery. We investigated the utility of the SAS in patients with lung cancer undergoing surgery. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 691 patients who underwent surgery for primary lung cancer between 2015 and 2019 in a single institute and analyzed the impact of the SAS. Results: Of the 691 patients, 138 (20%), 57 (8.2%), and 7 (1.0%) had postoperative complications of all grades, grades ≥ III, and grade V, respectively, according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. The C-index for postoperative complications of grades ≥ III was 0.605. A lower score (0–5 points) (odds ratio 3.09 against 8–10 points, P = 0.04) and a lower percentage of vital capacity (odds ratio 0.97, P = 0.04) were independent negative risk factors for major postoperative complications. Patients with a lower score (0–5 points) had poor 5-year overall and cancer-specific survival rates (60.1% and 72.3%, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Conclusions: The surgical Apgar score predicted postoperative complications and the long-term survival. Surgeons may improve surgical results using the SAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No studies have compared between uniportal and multiportal nonintubated thoracoscopic anatomical resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to compare short- and long-term postoperative outcomes concerning these two methods. Our retrospective dataset comprised patients with NSCLC who underwent uniportal or multiportal nonintubated thoracoscopic anatomical resection between January 2011 and December 2019. The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival. Propensity scores were matched according to age, sex, body mass index, pulmonary function, tumor size, cancer stage, and surgical method. In total, 1130 such patients underwent nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and 490 consecutive patients with stage I–III NSCLC underwent nonintubated anatomical resection, including lobectomy and segmentectomy (uniportal, n = 158 [32.3%]; multiportal, n = 331 [67.7%]). The uniportal group had fewer dissected lymph nodes and lymph node stations. In paired group analysis, the uniportal group had shorter operation durations (99.8 vs. 138.2 min; P < 0.001), lower intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates and ICU admission intervals (7.0% vs. 27.8%; P < 0.001), and shorter postoperative hospital stays (4.1 days vs. 5.2 days; P < 0.001). The most common postoperative complication was prolonged air leaks. No surgical mortality was observed. The multiportal group had higher complication rates for grades ≥ II NSCLC; however, this difference was not significant (4.4% vs. 1.3%, respectively; P = 0.09). Nonintubated uniportal VATS for anatomical resection had better results for some perioperative outcomes than multiportal VATS. Oncological outcomes such as recurrence-free and overall survival remained uncompromised, despite fewer dissected lymph nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Postoperative cerebral infarction is a rare but serious complication after lung cancer surgery. We aimed to investigate the risk factors and evaluate the efficiency of our devised surgical procedure to prevent cerebral infarction. Methods We retrospectively examined 1,189 patients who underwent a single lobectomy for lung cancer at our institution. We identified the risk factors for cerebral infarction and investigated the preventive effects of performing resection of the pulmonary vein as the last step of the surgical procedure during left upper lobectomy. Results Among the 1,189 patients, we identified 5 male patients (0.4%) with postoperative cerebral infarction. All five underwent left-sided lobectomy including three upper and two lower lobectomies. Left-sided lobectomy, a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and lower body mass index were associated with postoperative cerebral infarction (Ps

IntroductionSocial determinants of health (SDOH) are non-clinical factors that may affect the outcomes of cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of SDOH factors on quality of life (QOL)-related outcomes for lung cancer surgery patients.MethodsThirteen patients enrolled in a randomized trial of a dyadic self-management intervention were invited and agreed to participate in semi-structured key informant interviews at study completion (3 months post-discharge). A conventional content analysis approach was used to identify codes and themes that were derived from the interviews. Independent investigators coded the qualitative data, which were subsequently confirmed by a second group of independent investigators. Themes were finalized, and discrepancies were reviewed and resolved.ResultsSix themes, each with several subthemes, emerged. Overall, most participants were knowledgeable about the concept of SDOH and perceived that provider awareness of SDOH information was important for the delivery of comprehensive care in surgery. Some participants described financial challenges during treatment that were exacerbated by their cancer diagnosis and resulted in stress and poor QOL. The perceived impact of education varied and included its importance in navigating the healthcare system, decision-making on health behaviors, and more economic mobility opportunities. Some participants experienced barriers to accessing healthcare due to insurance coverage, travel burden, and the fear of losing quality insurance coverage due to retirement. Neighborhood and built environment factors such as safety, air quality, access to green space, and other environmental factors were perceived as important to QOL. Social support through families/friends and spiritual/religious communities was perceived as important to postoperative recovery.DiscussionAmong lung cancer surgery patients, SDOH factors can impact QOL and the patient’s survivorship journey. Importantly, SDOH should be assessed routinely to identify patients with unmet needs across the five domains. SDOH-driven interventions are needed to address these unmet needs and to improve the QOL and quality of care for lung cancer surgery patients.

Objective: Pleural adhesions are challenging during lung cancer surgery and may be associated with a long surgery time and excessive blood loss due to pleural adhesiolysis. We used preoperative four-dimensional computed tomography to quantitatively assess parietal pleural adhesions and determine its diagnostic accuracy. Methods: A total of 216 patients with lung cancer underwent four-dimensional computed tomography during the study period. Pleural adhesions were subsequently confirmed by surgery in 85 of these patients, whereas 126 patients had no adhesions. The movements of the tumor or target vessels (α) was tracked. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the relationship between adhesions and (α). Results: The movement of (α) was smaller in patients with adhesions than in those without adhesions. The greater the adhesion, the shorter the movement distance (p < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve for the moving (α) point at 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.62–0.80) in the upper lung field and at 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.85) in the lower field. To identify adhesions, a cut off of 11.3 mm (sensitivity = 43.6%, specificity = 93.2%) in the upper lung field and a cut off of 41.2 mm (sensitivity = 71.4%, specificity = 66.0%) in the lower lung field were established. Conclusions: Four-dimensional computed tomography is a novel and helpful modality for predicting the presence of parietal pleural adhesions. To obtain robust evidence, further accumulation of cases and re-examination of the analysis methods are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The minimally invasive approach (MIA) for lung cancer has gained popularity in recent years thanks to their efficacy and safety. In France, we have no information on the diffusion of MIAs across different hospitals and regions. Our work consisted of evaluating the diffusion of this approach and its variability within each region and from one region to another. Our study showed that the rate of MIAs increased significantly from 2013 to 2020. We also found that the hospital volume, hospital type, and period were significantly related to the adjusted rate of MIAs. The variability between regions was high since 18% of the variance was due to systematic differences between regions. The MIA is now a standard surgical technique used for the treatment of lung cancer in France, even though this technology is mostly used by surgeons practicing in high volume institutions. Background. The minimally invasive approach (MIA) has gained popularity thanks to its efficacy and safety. Our work consisted of evaluating the diffusion of the MIA in hospitals and the variability of this approach (within and between regions). Methods. All patients who underwent limited resection or lobectomy for lung cancer in France were included from the national hospital administrative database (2013–2020). We described between-hospital differences in the MIA rate over four periods (2013–2014, 2015–2016, 2017–2018, and 2019–2020). The potential influence of the hospital volume, hospital type, and period on the adjusted MIA rate was estimated by a multilevel linear regression. Results. From 2013 to 2020, 77,965 patients underwent a lobectomy or limited resection for lung cancer. The rate of the MIA increased significantly over the four periods (50% in 2019–2020). Variability decreased over time in 7/12 regions. The variables included in the multilevel model were significantly related to the adjusted rate of the MIA. Variability between regions was considerable since 18% of the variance was due to systematic differences between regions. Conclusions. We confirm that the MIA is part of the surgical techniques used on a daily basis for the treatment of lung cancer. However, this technology is mostly used by surgeons in high volume institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection after open pulmonary lobectomy and to quantify their clinical and economic burden. Methods: A prospective nested case‐control study was performed on patients with lung cancer who underwent open lobectomy in the lung cancer center of West China Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. Demographic, clinical data and medical costs were recorded. Logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors associated with surgical site infection. A Mann‐Whitney U test was carried out to evaluate the differences in medical costs. Results: A total of 1395 patients were eligible, and the surgical site infection incidence was 13.47% (188/1395). Of the 188 instances of surgical site infection, 171 (90.96%) were classified as organ/space infection, 8 (4.25%) as superficial incisional infection and 9 (4.79%) as deep incisional infection. The patients with surgical site infection had significantly higher mortality (3.19% vs. 0.41%, p < 0.001), higher median medical cost (90774.95 yuan vs. 63079.38 yuan, p < 0.001), and longer postoperative length of stay (15 days vs. 9 days, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.560, p = 0.007), respiratory failure (OR = 5.984, p = 0.0012), American Society of Anesthesiologists score (OR = 1.584, p = 0.005), operating time (OR = 1.950, p < 0.001), and operation team (OR = 1.864, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for surgical site infection. Conclusions: The high incidence of surgical site infection indicates that postoperative infections remain a significant clinical burden in patients who underwent open lobectomy. Identifying risk factors timely through prospective surveillance may assist clinical decisions against surgical site infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Respiratory muscle activity is increased in patients with chronic respiratory disease. 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT can assess respiratory muscle activity. We hypothesized that respiratory muscles metabolism was correlated to lung function impairment and was associated to prognosis in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery based on the research question whether respiratory muscle metabolism quantitatively correlates with the severity of lung function impairment in patients? Does respiratory muscle hypermetabolism have prognostic value? Methods: Patients undergoing 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT and pulmonary function tests prior to lung cancer surgery were identified. Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVm) were measured in each respiratory muscle group (sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, diaphragm), normalized against deltoid SUVm. Respiratory muscle hypermetabolism was defined as SUVm >90th centile in any respiratory muscle group. Clinical outcomes were collected from a prospective cohort. Results: One hundred fifty‐six patients were included, mostly male [110 (71%)], 53 (34%) with previous diagnosis of COPD. Respiratory muscle SUVm were: scalene: 1.84 [1.51–2.25], sternocleidomastoid 1.64 [1.34–1.95], intercostal 1.01 [0.84–1.16], diaphragm 1.79 [1.41–2.27]. Tracer uptake was inversely correlated to FEV1 for the scalene (r = −0.29, p < 0.001) and SCM (r = −0.17, p = 0.03) respiratory muscle groups and positively correlated to TLC for the scalene (r = 0.17, p = 0.04). Respiratory muscle hypermetabolism was found in 45 patients (28.8%), who had a lower VO2 max (15.4 [14.2–17.5] vs. 17.2 mL/kg/min [15.2–21.1], p = 0.07) and poorer overall survival when adjusting to FEV1% (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings show respiratory muscle hypermetabolism is associated with lung function impairment and has prognostic significance. 18F‐FDG/PET‐CT should be considered as a tool for assessing respiratory muscle activity and to identify high‐risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Nutritional status is affected in patients who undergo lung cancer surgery (LCS). This study is aimed at investigating the effects of the use of immunonutritional support in the perioperative period on nutritional and inflammatory status in patients undergoing LCS. Methods: A single-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with seventy patients planning to have LCS and randomized into treatment (TG) and control groups (CG). Immunonutritional support was given orally twice a day for ten days before the operation and five days after the operation in the treatment group. The nutritional status of the patients was screened with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA); the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI) and the Systemic Inflammation Index (SII) were calculated. The physical activity status was assessed with the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS). Results: Post-op nutritional status of the TG patients was better than the CG group (p = 0.009). Post-operative PG-SGA score was higher than preoperative PG-SGA score in both groups (p < 0.001). In the post-operative period, nutritional status (in terms of PG-SGA score category) in the patients in the TG was better than the CG (p = 0.046). In both groups, post-op ECOG score was higher than the pre-op ECOG score (p < 0.001). Post-op physical performance status was found to be better in the TG compared to the CG (p = 0.001). PNI level decreased statistically and significantly in the post-op period compared to the pre-op period, SII levels increased. Conclusion: Patients who will undergo LCS should be supported in terms of immunonutrition starting from the preoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative cerebral infarction is a rare but serious complication after lung cancer surgery. We aimed to investigate the risk factors and evaluate the efficiency of our devised surgical procedure to prevent cerebral infarction. Methods: We retrospectively examined 1,189 patients who underwent a single lobectomy for lung cancer at our institution. We identified the risk factors for cerebral infarction and investigated the preventive effects of performing resection of the pulmonary vein as the last step of the surgical procedure during left upper lobectomy. Results: Among the 1,189 patients, we identified 5 male patients (0.4%) with postoperative cerebral infarction. All five underwent left-sided lobectomy including three upper and two lower lobectomies. Left-sided lobectomy, a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and lower body mass index were associated with postoperative cerebral infarction (Ps < 0.05). The 274 patients who underwent left upper lobectomy were stratified by two procedures: lobectomy with resection of the pulmonary vein as the last step of the surgical procedure (n = 120) and the standard procedure (n = 154). The former procedure significantly shortened the length of the pulmonary vein stump when compared with the standard procedure (mean stump length: 15.1 vs. 18.6 mm, P < 0.01), and the shorter pulmonary vein might possibly prevent postoperative cerebral infarction (frequency: 0.8% vs. 1.3%, Odds ratio: 0.19, P = 0.31). Conclusions: Resecting the pulmonary vein as the last step during the left upper lobectomy enabled the length of the pulmonary stump to be significantly shorter, which may contribute to preventing cerebral infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Improving quality of life (QOL) after surgery is very important. Recently, preoperative anxiety has been suggested to predict postoperative health-related (HR) QOL, however the accuracy of anxiety measurement remains problematic. We examined the relationship between preoperative anxiety level and postoperative HRQOL using qualitative and quantitative assessment of anxiety. Method: We used a detailed anxiety assessment to quantitatively investigate preoperative anxiety as a predictor of postoperative HRQOL in lung cancer patients. Fifty one patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer were included. They were assessed four times: on admission, on discharge, 1 month after surgery, and 3 months after surgery. Anxiety was measured separately as “state anxiety” and “trait anxiety” using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and HRQOL was measured using the EuroQol 5 dimension 5-level. Results: The HRQOL decreased at discharge and gradually recovered over time, reaching the same level at 3 months after surgery as at admission. HRQOL score was lower at discharge than at pre-surgery and 3 months after the surgery (p < 0.0001 each), and the score at 1 month after the surgery was lower than at pre-surgery (p = 0.007). In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that HRQOL at discharge was associated with “state anxiety” rather than “trait anxiety” at admission (p = 0.004). Conclusion: This study identifies the types of anxiety that affect postoperative HRQOL. We suggest that postoperative HRQOL on discharge may be improved by interventions such as psychological or medication treatment for preoperative state anxiety if identified preoperative state anxiety can be managed appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: The surgical Apgar score, calculated using 3 intraoperative variables (blood loss, lowest mean arterial pressure and lowest heart rate), is associated with mortality in cancer surgery. The original score has less applicability in lung cancer surgery; therefore, we innovated the modified pulmonary surgical Apgar score with additional intraoperative oxygen saturation representing pulmonary parenchymal damage and cardiopulmonary dynamics. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the data of 691 patients who underwent surgery for primary lung cancer between 2015 and 2019 at a single institute. We analysed the utility of the pulmonary surgical Apgar score compared with the original surgical Apgar score. RESULTS: Postoperative complications were observed in 57 (8.2%) and 7 (1.0%) of the 691 patients who were stratified as grade ≥III and V, respectively, according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. We compared the fitness of the score in predicting postoperative complications; the calculated c-index (0.622) was slightly higher than the original c-index (0.604; P = 0.398). Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on their scores as follows: 0–6 points (n = 59), 7–9 points (n = 420) and 10–12 points (n = 212). Univariable and multivariable analyses demonstrated that a lower score was an independent negative risk factor for postoperative complications (odds ratio 3.53; P = 0.02). Patients with lower scores had a considerably poor 5-year overall survival (64.6%) (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: The pulmonary surgical Apgar score predicts postoperative complications and long-term survival in patients with lung cancer undergoing surgery and may be utilized for postoperative management. Cancer treatment modalities include 3 main procedures—surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is a common complication following lung cancer surgery and is associated with increased hospitalization costs and mortalities. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with POP and to develop a reliable predictive model. Patients who underwent lung cancer surgery between January 2015 and December 2021 in our hospital were enrolled. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was used to select predictors of POP. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to construct the nomogram. Bootstrap resampling was conducted for internal validation. The performance of the model was evaluated by discrimination and calibration. A total of 5269 consecutive patients were enrolled. POP occurred in 1.7% of patients (92/5269). Five independent predictors were identified: age, predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s, predicted diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, tuberculosis history, and surgery duration. The multivariable regression model showed good discrimination (C-index: 0.821, 95% confidence interval, 0.783-0.859), which was well validated by internal validation. The calibration curve illustrated good agreement between the predicted probability and observed probability of POP. Based on the easily available risk factors, our nomogram could predict the risk of POP with good discrimination and calibration. The model has good clinical practicability, enabling precise and targeted interventions to reduce the incidence of POP in high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]