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1. Analysis of four-wave mixing of high-power lasers for the detection of elastic photon-photon scattering

Author

Lundin, J., Marklund, M., Lundstrom, E., Brodin, G., Collier, J., Bingham, R., Mendonca, J. T., and Norreys, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We derive expressions for the coupling coefficients for electromagnetic four-wave mixing in the non-linear quantum vacuum. An experimental setup for detection of elastic photon-photon scattering is suggested, where three incoming laser pulses collide and generate a fourth wave with a new frequency and direction of propagation. An expression for the number of scattered photons is derived and, using beam parameters for the Astra Gemini system at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, it is found that the signal can reach detectable levels. Problems with shot-to-shot reproducibility are reviewed, and the magnitude of the noise arising from competing scattering processes is estimated. It is found that detection of elastic photon-photon scattering may for the first time be achieved., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Physical Review A

Published
2006
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2. Detection of elastic photon-photon scattering through four-wave coupling

Author

Lundstrom, E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

According to the theory of quantum electrodynamics, photon-photon scattering can take place via exchange of virtual electron-positron pairs. Effectively, the interaction can be formulated in terms of non-linear corrections to Maxwell's equations, and hence may be treated by classical non-linear electrodynamics. Due to the strong electromagnetic fields needed to reach any noticeable effect, photon-photon scattering has not yet been observed experimentally, but recent improvements in laser technology have increased the possibility of direct detection. A verification of the phenomena would be of great scientific value as a confirmation of quantum electrodynamics. In this thesis the possibility of direct detection of elastic photon-photon scattering through four-wave coupling is investigated, both for current and future systems. It is shown how three colliding laser pulses satisfying certain matching conditions, can generate scattered radiation in a fourth resonant direction. The interaction is modeled, and the number of scattered photons is estimated for optimized configurations of incoming pulses, both for the Vulcan laser at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory as well as for the planned XFEL at DESY. An experiment using the Vulcan laser is predicted to produce 22 scattered photons per shot, an amount which is definitely detectable. The usefulness of the XFEL highly depends on future developments in laser technology, but a realistic estimation gives a result of 30000 scattered photons per second., Comment: MSc thesis. 70 pages, 8 figures. Including appendix with the geometric factors referred to in hep-ph/0510076

Published
2005

3. Using high-power lasers for detection of elastic photon-photon scattering

Author

Lundstrom, E., Brodin, G., Lundin, J., Marklund, M., Bingham, R., Collier, J., Mendonca, J. T., and Norreys, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The properties of four-wave interaction via the nonlinear quantum vacuum is investigated. The effect of the quantum vacuum is to generate photons with new frequencies and wave vectors, due to elastic photon-photon scattering. An expression for the number of generated photons is derived and using state-of-the-art laser data it is found that the number of photons can reach detectable levels. In particular, the prospect of using the high repetition Astra Gemini system at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is discussed. The problem of noise sources is reviewed, and it is found that the noise level can be reduced well below the signal level. Thus, detection of elastic photon-photon scattering may for the first time be achieved., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures (color), to appear in Physical Review Letters

Published
2005
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4. Repeated Measures of Modified Rankin Scale Scores to Assess Functional Recovery From Stroke: AFFINITY Study Findings

Author

Chye, A, Hackett, ML, Hankey, GJ, Lundstrom, E, Almeida, OP, Gommans, J, Dennis, M, Jan, S, Mead, GE, Ford, AH, Beer, CE, Flicker, L, Delcourt, C, Billot, L, Anderson, CS, Sunnerhagen, KS, Yi, Q, Bompoint, S, Thang, HN, Lung, T, Chye, A, Hackett, ML, Hankey, GJ, Lundstrom, E, Almeida, OP, Gommans, J, Dennis, M, Jan, S, Mead, GE, Ford, AH, Beer, CE, Flicker, L, Delcourt, C, Billot, L, Anderson, CS, Sunnerhagen, KS, Yi, Q, Bompoint, S, Thang, HN, and Lung, T

Abstract

Background Function after acute stroke using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is usually assessed at a point in time. The analytical implications of serial mRS measurements to evaluate functional recovery over time is not completely understood. We compare repeated-measures and single-measure analyses of the mRS from a randomized clinical trial. Methods and Results Serial mRS data from AFFINITY (Assessment of Fluoxetine in Stroke Recovery), a double-blind placebo randomized clinical trial of fluoxetine following stroke (n=1280) were analyzed to identify demographic and clinical associations with functional recovery (reduction in mRS) over 12 months. Associations were identified using single-measure (day 365) and repeated-measures (days 28, 90, 180, and 365) partial proportional odds logistic regression. Ninety-five percent of participants experienced a reduction in mRS after 12 months. Functional recovery was associated with age at stroke <70 years; no prestroke history of diabetes, coronary heart disease, or ischemic stroke; prestroke history of depression, a relationship partner, living with others, independence, or paid employment; no fluoxetine intervention; ischemic stroke (compared with hemorrhagic); stroke treatment in Vietnam (compared with Australia or New Zealand); longer time since current stroke; and lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale & Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores. Direction of associations was largely concordant between single-measure and repeated-measures models. Association strength and variance was generally smaller in the repeated-measures model compared with the single-measure model. Conclusions Repeated-measures may improve trial precision in identifying trial associations and effects. Further repeated-measures stroke analyses are required to prove methodological value. Registration URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au; Unique identifier: ACTRN12611000774921.

Published
2022

7. Stroke survivorspriorities for research related to life after stroke

Author

Rudberg, A. -S, Berge, E., Laska, A. -C, Jutterstrom, S., Näsman, Per, Stibrant-Sunnerhagen, K., Lundstrom, E., Rudberg, A. -S, Berge, E., Laska, A. -C, Jutterstrom, S., Näsman, Per, Stibrant-Sunnerhagen, K., and Lundstrom, E.

Abstract

QC 20210126

Published
2020

8. Efficacy of fluoxetine - a randomized controlled trial in stroke (effects)

Author

Lundstrom, E., Isaksson, E., Näsman, Per, Wester, P., Martensson, B., Norrving, B., Wallen, H., Borg, J., Dennis, M., Mead, G., Hankey, G., Hackett, M., Stibrant-Sunnerhagen, K., Lundstrom, E., Isaksson, E., Näsman, Per, Wester, P., Martensson, B., Norrving, B., Wallen, H., Borg, J., Dennis, M., Mead, G., Hankey, G., Hackett, M., and Stibrant-Sunnerhagen, K.

Abstract

QC 20210125

Published
2020

9. Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Hankey, GJ, Hackett, ML, Almeida, OP, Flicker, L, Mead, GE, Dennis, MS, Etherton-Beer, C, Ford, AH, Billot, L, Jan, S, Lung, T, Lundstrom, E, Anderson, CS, Huy, T-N, Gommans, J, Yi, Q, Hankey, GJ, Hackett, ML, Almeida, OP, Flicker, L, Mead, GE, Dennis, MS, Etherton-Beer, C, Ford, AH, Billot, L, Jan, S, Lung, T, Lundstrom, E, Anderson, CS, Huy, T-N, Gommans, J, and Yi, Q

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. METHODS: AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2-15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. FINDINGS: Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76-1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, p

Published
2020

11. Protection Against Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Predominantly Associated With HLA-DRB1*1301 A Meta-Analysis of HLA-DRB1 Associations With Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive and Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Negative Rheumatoid Arthritis in Four European Populations

Author

Woude, D. van der, Lie, B.A., Lundstrom, E., Balsa, A., Feitsma, A.L., Houwing-Duistermaat, J.J., Verduijn, W., Nordang, G.B.N., Alfredsson, L., Klareskog, L., Pascual-Salcedo, D., Gonzalez-Gay, M.A., Lopez-Nevot, M.A., Valero, F., Roep, B.O., Huizinga, T.W.J., Kvien, T.K., Martin, J., Padyukov, L., Vries, R.R.P. de, and Toes, R.E.M.

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, immune system diseases, shared epitope hypothesis tic-tac-toe peptide antibodies susceptibility markers alleles hla ptpn22 classification disease risk, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

Objective. The protective effect of HLA-DRB1 alleles on the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of 4 European populations to investigate which HLA-DRB1 alleles are associated with protection in anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive RA and ACPA-negative RA. Methods. Data for >2,800 patients and >3,000 control subjects for whom information on HLA-DRB1 typing and ACPA status was available were collected from 4 European countries: Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands, and Spain. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) associated with the different HLA-DRB1 alleles were analyzed in a combined meta-analysis focused on protective alleles and classifications. The analysis of ACPA-positive RA was stratified for the shared epitope (SE) alleles, to correct for skewing due to this association. Results. In ACPA-positive RA, the only alleles that conveyed protection after stratification for SE were HLA-DRB1*13 alleles (OR 0.54 [ 95% CI 0.38-0.77]). The protective effect of the allele classifications based on the DERAA and D70 sequences was no longer present after exclusion of DRB1*13 (for D70, OR 0.97 [95% CI 0.75-1.25]), indicating that DRB1*13, rather than the DERAA or D70 sequence as such, is associated with protection. Among the DRB1*13 alleles, only DRB1*1301 was associated with protection (OR 0.24 [95% CI 0.09-0.59]). Protection appeared to follow a north-to-south gradient, with the strongest association in northern European countries. In ACPA-negative RA, there were no robust associations with HLA-DRB1 alleles. Conclusion. Our data do not support any of the classifications of protective alleles and indicate that protection against ACPA-positive RA is predominantly associated with HLA-DRB1*1301.

Published
2010

12. Comparison of Fondaparinux and Enoxaparin in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Author

Yusuf, S., Mehta, S.R., Bassand, J.P., Budaj, A., Chrolavicius, S., Fox, K.A.A., Granger, C.B., Joyner, C., Peters, R.J.G., Wallentin, L., Avezum, A., Boden, W., Cardona, E., Ceremuzynski, L., Col, J., Commerford, P.J., Diaz, R., Faxon, D., Flather, M., Fodor, G., Franzosi, M.G., Granger, C., Halon, D., Hunt, D., Karatzas, N., Keltai, M., Kenda, M., Kim, J.H., Lanas, F., Lau, C.P., Lewis, B.S., Morais, J., Moccetti, T., Pais, P., Paolasso, E., Parkhomenko, A., Petrauskiene, B., Piegas, L., Pipilis, A., Robaayah, D., Ruda, M., Rumboldt, Zoran, Rupprecht, H.J., Sitkei, E., Steg, P.G., Swahn, E., Theroux, P., Valentin, V., Varigos, J., Weitz, J., White, H., Widimsky, P., Xavier, D., Zhu, J.R., Ameriso, S., Bonilla, C., Braekken, S., Chan, Y.K., Chen, W., Chenniappan, M., Cohen, E., Cottin, Y., Csiba, L., Czepiel, A., de Raedt, H., Finet, G., Gardinale, E., Gaxiola, E., Gorecki, A., Gregor, P., Happola, O., Heras, M., Himbert, D., Irkin, O., Isaaz, K., Iyengar, S.S., Kalvach, P., Kevers, L., Klosiewicz-Wasek , B., Laine, M., Leys, D., Lundstrom, E., Lušić, Ivo, Lutay, Y., Maggioni, A., Massaro, A., Mayosi, B.M., Moulin, T., Narendra, J., Naslund, U., Peeters, A., Penicka, M., Perakis, A., Petersen, P., Polić, S., Radhakrishnan, S., Renkin, J., Stockins, B., Sundararajan, R., Thygesen, K., Turazza, F., van Belle, E., Vik-Mo, H., Zaborski, J., Sleight, P., Anderson , J.L., Johnstone D., Hirsh, J., de Mets, D., Holmes, D.R., Meeks, B., Afzal, R., Pogue, J., Boccalon, S., Chrysler, K., Cracknell, B., Horsman, C., Hoskin, T., Jedrzejowski. B., Johnson, J., Kotlan, S., Lawrence, M., Smiley, M., Stevens, C., Yallup, R., Connolly, S., Demers, C., Devereaux, P.J., Healey, J., Lonn, E., Magloire, P., McKelvie, R., Morillo, C., Natarajan, M., Rokoss, M., Teo, K., Valettas, N., Velianou, J., Bakula, Miro, Bergovec, M, Lukin Ajvor, Miličević, Goran, Padovan, Milko, and Raguž, M.

Subjects
ST-segment elevation, high-risk patients, unfractionated heparin, myocardial infarction, collaborative metaanalysis, randomized trials, initial treatment, american-college, task-force, prevention
Abstract

The combined use of anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and invasive coronary procedures reduces ischemic coronary events but also increases bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes. We therefore assessed whether fondaparinux would preserve the anti-ischemic benefits of enoxaparin while reducing bleeding. We randomly assigned 20, 078 patients with acute coronary syndromes to receive either fondaparinux (2.5 mg daily) or enoxaparin (1 mg per kilogram of body weight twice daily) for a mean of six days and evaluated death, myocardial infarction, or refractory ischemia at nine days (the primary outcome) ; major bleeding ; and their combination. Patients were followed for up to six months. The number of patients with primary-outcome events was similar in the two groups (579 with fondaparinux [5.8 percent] vs. 573 with enoxaparin [5.7 percent] ; hazard ratio in the fondaparinux group, 1.01 ; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.90 to 1.13), satisfying the noninferiority criteria. The number of events meeting this combined outcome showed a nonsignificant trend toward a lower value in the fondaparinux group at 30 days (805 vs. 864, P=0.13) and at the end of the study (1222 vs. 1308, P=0.06). The rate of major bleeding at nine days was markedly lower with fondaparinux than with enoxaparin (217 events [2.2 percent] vs. 412 events [4.1 percent] ; hazard ratio, 0.52 ; P

Published
2006

14. Update on the third international stroke trial (IST-3) of thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke and baseline features of the 3035 patients recruited

Author

Sandercock, P, Lindley, R, Wardlaw, J, Dennis, M, Innes, K, Cohen, G, Whiteley, W, Perry, D, Soosay, V, Buchanan, D, Venables, G, Czlonkowska, A, Kobayashi, A, Berge, E, Slot, KB, Murray, V, Peeters, Anna, Hankey, GJ, Matz, K, Brainin, M, Ricci, S, Cantisani, TA, Gubitz, G, Phillips, SJ, Antonio, A, Correia, M, Lyrer, P, Kane, I, Lundstrom, E, Sandercock, P, Lindley, R, Wardlaw, J, Dennis, M, Innes, K, Cohen, G, Whiteley, W, Perry, D, Soosay, V, Buchanan, D, Venables, G, Czlonkowska, A, Kobayashi, A, Berge, E, Slot, KB, Murray, V, Peeters, Anna, Hankey, GJ, Matz, K, Brainin, M, Ricci, S, Cantisani, TA, Gubitz, G, Phillips, SJ, Antonio, A, Correia, M, Lyrer, P, Kane, I, and Lundstrom, E

Published
2011

15. Vascular endothelial function is related to endothelial biomarkers in early RA

Author

Sodergren, A., Boman, K., Eriksson, C., Karp, K., Lundstrom, E., Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt, Smedby, T., Soderlund, L., Wallberg-Jonsson, S., Sodergren, A., Boman, K., Eriksson, C., Karp, K., Lundstrom, E., Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt, Smedby, T., Soderlund, L., and Wallberg-Jonsson, S.

Abstract

Annual European Congress of Rheumatology (EULAR 2007), Barcelona, SPAIN, JUN 13-16, 2007

Published
2007

16. Vascular endothelial function is not impaired in early rheumatoid arthritis

Author

Sodergren, A, Juntti, L, Karp, K, Lundstrom, E, Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt, Smedby, T, Soderlund, L, Jonsson, S W, Sodergren, A, Juntti, L, Karp, K, Lundstrom, E, Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt, Smedby, T, Soderlund, L, and Jonsson, S W

Abstract

69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals, San Diego, CA, NOV 12-17, 2005

Published
2005

17. Adaptive eigenvalue computations using Newton's method on the Grassmann manifold

Author

Lundstrom, E., Elden, Lars, Lundstrom, E., and Elden, Lars

Abstract

We consider the problem of updating an invariant subspace of a large and structured Hermitian matrix when the matrix is modified slightly. The problem can be formulated as that of computing stationary values of a certain function with orthogonality constraints. The constraint is formulated as the requirement that the solution must be on the Grassmann manifold, and Newton's method on the manifold is used. In each Newton iteration a Sylvester equation is to be solved. We discuss the properties of the Sylvester equation and conclude that for large problems preconditioned iterative methods can be used. Preconditioning techniques are discussed. Numerical examples from signal subspace computations are given in which the matrix is Toeplitz and we compute a partial singular value decomposition corresponding to the largest singular values. Further we solve numerically the problem of computing the smallest eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of a large sparse matrix that has been slightly modified.

Published
2002
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18. Increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with medium term rheumatoid arthritis

Author

Jonsson, S W, Backman, C, Johnson, O, Karp, K, Lundstrom, E, Sundqvist, K G, Dahlqvist, Solbritt Rantapää, Jonsson, S W, Backman, C, Johnson, O, Karp, K, Lundstrom, E, Sundqvist, K G, and Dahlqvist, Solbritt Rantapää

Abstract

Objective. To measure the extent of atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a disease duration of considerable length, and in age and sex matched individuals. Methods. Thirty-nine patients with RA (30 women, 9 men) with disease onset occurring between 1974 and 1978, and less than 65 years of age at the time of investigation, were enrolled together with 39 sex and age matched controls. Quantitative measurement of intima-media thickness (IMT) and semiquantitative assessment of the presence of plaque were undertaken by B-mode ultrasound of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) and the common femoral artery on the right-hand side. Echo Doppler cardiography was performed with an Accuson Aspen. The results were related to disease activity variables and accumulated disease activity, to lipid levels [i.e., cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG)], to hemostatic factors [tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPAag), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF)], and to soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1 and sE-selectin). Results. Patients with RA had higher maximal and mean IMT values compared with controls. The difference concerning mean CCA-IMT reached statistical significance in patients with RA and correlated significantly with lipids (cholesterol, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, TG) and tPAag. The prevalence of plaques, as well as of aortic cusp sclerosis, was higher in RA but only the difference in aortic cusp sclerosis was statistically significant. Patients with plaques had significantly higher levels of lipids (cholesterol, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio) than patients without plaques, while patients with cusp sclerosis had significantly higher cholesterol and TG levels. sICAM-1 was significantly higher both in patients with plaques and in those with aortic cusp sclerosis compared to patients without. Conclusion. Our results suggest an accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with RA that is relate

Published
2001

22. A systematic exposition of the conservation equations for blast waves.

Author

Oppenheim, A. K, Lundstrom, E. A, Kuhl, A. L, and Kamel, M. M

Subjects
Thermodynamics And Combustion
Abstract

In order to provide a rational background for the analysis of experimental observations of blast wave phenomena, the conservation equations governing their nonsteady flow field are formulated in a general manner, without the usual restrictions imposed by an equation of state, and with proper account taken, by means of source terms, of other effects which, besides the inertial terms that conventionally dominate these equations, can affect the flow. Taking advantage of the fact that a blast wave can be generally considered as a spatially one-dimensional flow field whose nonsteady behavior can be regarded, consequently, as a function of just two independent variables, two generalized blast wave coordinates are introduced, one associated with the front of the blast wave and the other with its flow field. The conservation equations are accordingly transformed into this coordinate system, acquiring thereby a comprehensive character, in that they refer then to any frame of reference, being applicable, in particular, to problems involving either space or time profiles of the gas-dynamic parameters in the Eulerian system, or time profiles in the Lagrangian system.

Published
1971

24. A parametric study of self-similar blast waves.

Author

Oppenheim, A. K, Kuhl, A. L, Lundstrom, E. A, and Kamel, M. M

Subjects
Thermodynamics And Combustion
Abstract

Comprehensive examination of self-similar blast waves with respect to two parameters, one describing the front velocity and the other the variation of the ambient density immediately ahead of the front. All possible front trajectories are taken into account, including limiting cases of the exponential and logarithmic form. The structure of the waves is analyzed by means of a phase plane defined in terms of two reduced coordinates. Loci of extrema of the integral curves in the phase plane are traced, and loci of singularities are determined on the basis of their intersections. Boundary conditons are introduced for the case where the medium into which the waves propagate is at rest. Representative solutions, pertaining to all the possible cases of blast waves bounded by shock fronts propagating into an atmosphere of uniform density, are obtained by evaluating the integral curves and determining the corresponding profiles of the gasdynamic parameters. Particular examples of integral curves for waves bounded by detonations are given, and all the degenerate solutions corresponding to cases where the integral curve is reduced to a point are delineated.

Published
1972

26. The pharyngoesophageal segment in laryngectomees-videoradiographic, acoustic, and voice quality perceptual data.

Author

Lundstrom E, Hammarberg B, Munck-Wikland E, and Edsborg N

Abstract

This study aimed to relate the results of physiological measurements of the pharyngoesophageal (PE) segment in subjects using tracheoesophageal (TE) or esophageal (E) speech with perceptual assessment of the speakers' voice quality and acoustic measurements of the voice function. It further aimed to investigate possible differences in appearance and placement of the voice source between TE and E speakers. Nine subjects who had undergone a laryngectomy (five TE speakers and four E speakers) participated in the study. They were videoradiographically examined during phonation and silence. Measurements were made of size and placement of the PE segment, the distance between the PE segment and the anterior wall, and the distance between the posterior and anterior esophageal walls beneath the segment. Five trained listeners perceptually assessed the subjects' voice quality, and acoustical analyses of fundamental frequency and sound pressure level were made. The physiological measurements of the nine subjects' individual PE segments varied in terms of appearance and placement during both phonation and silence, but all of the subjects showed a good closure at the PE segment level during phonation. Statistically significant results were found between all of the physiological measurements of the PE segment. Significant results were also found between the acoustical and perceptual assessments of the subjects' voices. No relations were found between the physiological measurements and the acoustic and perceptual results. The conclusion of this study was that there were no specified differences in the PE segment between TE speakers and E speakers, but that there were large individual differences within each speaker group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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27. A Systematic Exposition of the Conservation Equations for Blast Waves

Author

Oppenheim, A. K., Lundstrom, E. A., Kuhl, A. L., and Kamel, M. M.

Abstract

In order to provide a rational background for the analysis of experimental observations of blast wave phenomena, the conservation equations governing their nonsteady flow field are formulated in a general manner, without the usual restrictions imposed by an equation of state, and with proper account taken, by means of source terms, of other effects which, besides the inertial terms that conventionally dominate these equations, can affect the flow. Taking advantage of the fact that a blast wave can be generally considered as a spatially one-dimensional flow field whose nonsteady behavior can be regarded, consequently, as a function of just two independent variables, two generalized blast wave coordinates are introduced, one associated with the front of the blast wave and the other with its flow field. The conservation equations are accordingly transformed into this coordinate system, acquiring thereby a comprehensive character, in that they refer then to any frame of reference, being applicable, in particular, to problems involving either space or time profiles of the gas-dynamic parameters in the Eulerian system, or time profiles in the Lagrangian system.

Published
1971
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28. Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Hydraulic Ram IV. (User's Manual for Pressure Wave Generation Model)

Author

NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER CHINA LAKE CA, Lundstrom, E. A., Fung, W. K., NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER CHINA LAKE CA, Lundstrom, E. A., and Fung, W. K.

Abstract

This report presents a theory for modeling the pressure wave generated by a penetrating projectile in fluid. Assumptions and limitation of the model are discussed. The computer program and sample problem listing also are presented.

Published
1976

29. Structural Response of Flat Panels to Hydraulic Ram Pressure Loading

Author

NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER CHINA LAKE CA, Lundstrom, E. A., NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER CHINA LAKE CA, and Lundstrom, E. A.

Abstract

Aircraft structural surfaces often serve as the walls of integral fuel cells. Projectiles penetrating the fuel generate intense pressure waves capable of producing catastrophic failure of the cell walls. This phenomenon, termed hydraulic ram, can lead to structural kill of the aircraft. Massive fuel loss, resulting from fuel cell failure, can also lead to aircraft kill by on- board fires or by fuel starvation. Drag forces acting to decelerate the projectile are the source of pressure waves that propagate into the fuel. A prominent characteristic of the fluid flow is a cavity that extends from the projectile back to the impact point.The theory for hydraulic ram effects in fuel tanks impacted by high-speed projectiles is extended. Experiments were performed with a simple, instrumented water tank and the test results compared with theoretical predictions. The comparison was good for hydraulic ram pressure in the water tank and for strain in the water tank walls. Predictions of catastrophic failure in the aluminum wall panels were in agreement with observations. The extended theory allows calculation for multiple impacts of projectiles that are supersonic with respect to the fluid. Energy-absorbing foam and air gaps at the fluid/structure interface are now included in the theory. Effects of dynamic cavitation at the fluid/structure interface on pressure loading are accounted for. (aw)

Published
1988

30. Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Hydraulic Ram III (Result of Analysis)

Author

JOINT TECHNICAL COORDINATING GROUP ON AIRCRAFT SURVIVABILITY, Lundstrom, E. A., Fung, W. K., JOINT TECHNICAL COORDINATING GROUP ON AIRCRAFT SURVIVABILITY, Lundstrom, E. A., and Fung, W. K.

Abstract

This report presents an analysis of the tests results of pressure waves generated by a penetrating projectile in fluid and verifies a theory modeling the pressure waves. The method of data reduction and verification also is presented. (Author)

Published
1976

33. Comparison of fondaparinux and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes

Author

Yusuf, S., Mehta, S. R., Bassand, J. P., Budaj, A., Chrolavicius, S., Fox, K. A. A., Granger, C. B., Joyner, C., Peters, R. J. G., Wallentin, L., Avezum, A., Boden, W., Cardona, E., Ceremuzynski, L., Col, J., Commerford, P. J., Diaz, R., Faxon, D., Flather, M., Fodor, G., Franzosi, M. G., Granger, C., Halon, D., Hunt, D., Karatzas, N., Keltai, M., Kenda, M., Kim, J. H., Lanas, F., Lau, C. P., Lewis, B. S., Morais, J., Moccetti, T., Pais, P., Paolasso, E., Parkhomenko, A., Petrauskiene, B., Piegas, L., Pipilis, A., Robaayah, D., Ruda, M., Rumboldt, Z., Rupprecht, H. J., Sitkei, E., Steg, P. G., Swahn, E., Theroux, P., Valentin, V., Varigos, J., Weitz, J., White, H., Widimsky, P., Xavier, D., Zhu, J. R., Ameriso, S., Bonilla, C., Braekken, S., Chan, Y. K., Chen, W., Chenniappan, M., Cohen, E., Cottin, Y., Csiba, L., Czepiel, A., Raedt, H., Finet, G., Gardinale, E., Gaxiola, E., Gorecki, A., Gregor, P., Happola, O., Heras, M., Himbert, D., Irkin, O., Isaaz, K., Iyengar, S. S., Kalvach, P., Kevers, L., Klosiewicz-Wasek, B., Laine, M., Leys, D., Lundstrom, E., Lusic, I., Lutay, Y., Maggioni, A., Massaro, A., Mayosi, B. M., Moulin, T., Narendra, J., Naslund, U., Peeters, A., Penicka, M., Perakis, A., Petersen, P., Polic, S., Radhakrishnan, S., Renkin, J., Stockins, B., Sundararajan, R., Thygesen, K., Turazza, F., Belle, E., Vik-Mo, H., Zaborski, J., Sleight, P., Anderson, J. L., Johnstone, D. E., Hirsh, J., Demets, D., Holmes, D. R., Meeks, B., Afzal, R., Pogue, J., Boccalon, S., Chrysler, K., Cracknell, B., Horsman, C., Hoskin, T., Jedrzejowski, B., Johnson, J., Kotlan, S., Lawrence, M., Smiley, M., Stevens, C., Yallup, R., Connolly, S., Demers, C., Devereaux, P. J., Healey, J., Lonn, E., Magloire, P., Mckelvie, R., Morillo, C., Natarajan, M., Rokoss, M., Teo, K., Valettas, N., Velianou, J., Albisu, J. P., Amuchastegui, M., Bello, F. A., Bluguermann, J. J., Bono, J. O., Caccavo, A., Carlevaro, O. O., Cassettari, A., Cuneo, C., Farras, H. A., Fuselli, J., Garrido, M., Guerrero, R., Hasbani, E., Hominal, M. A., Hrabar, A., Marquez, L. L., Luciardi, H. L., Riera, L. M., Marzetti, E. M., Memoli, R., Nordaby, R., Orlandini, A. D., Perez, M., Piasentin, J. A., Ramos, H. R., Risolo, A. M., Sala, J., Salomone, O., Schygiel, P. O., Ubaldini, J., Vico, M., Amerena, J., Arnolda, L., Aroney, G., Boyd, P., Cahill, P., Chew, D., Counsell, J. T., Cross, D., Edington, J., Fitzpatrick, D., Hicks, P., Horowitz, J. D., Horrigan, M. C. G., New, G., Owensby, D., Schoeman, M., Thompson, P., Tulloch, G., Waites, J., Whelan, A., Ziffer, R., Huber, K., Jordanova, N., Al Shawafi, K., Convens, C., Coussement, P., Meester, A., El Allaf, D., Janssens, L., Marcovitch, O., Muyldermans, L., Roosen, J., Soeur, F., Lierde, J., Vrolix, M., Leaes, P., Carvalho, A. C., Schramm, E. C., Mora, R. D., Amino, J. D., Dutra, O., Manenti, E. R. F., Gun, C., Saraiva, J. F. K., Hayashi, E. K., Lichter, A., Lima, A., Marin-Neto, J. A., Teixeira, S. P. M., Abrantes, J. A. M., Baracioli, L. M., Nicolau, J. C., Maia, L. N., Jaeger, C. P., Esteves, J. P., Rabelo, A., Ramos, R. F., Reis, G., Rossi, P., Dos Santos, F. R., Teixeira, M. S., Silveira, D. S., Lemos, Mabt, Timerman, A., Greque, G. V., Vaz, R., Bhargava, R., Brons, S., Colclough, M., Constance, C., Costi, P., Dacyk, A., Davies, T., Diodati, J., Dupuis, R., Elliott, H., Fell, D. A., Fung, A. Y., Gladstone, P. J. S., Gosselin, G., Grondin, F., Huynh, T., Janzen, I., Kalaparambath, T., Kornder, J., Kouz, S., Kuritzky, R., Labelle-Stimac, S., Lamothe, M., Lauzon, C., Lemay, M., Ma, P., Maccallum, G. C., Mccallum, A., Mitchell, D., Montigny, M., Nguyen, N., Pearce, M., Pistawka, K. J., Rebane, T., Roy, M., Senaratne, M., Smith, J., Stimac, J., Traboulsi, M., Vizel, S., Weeks, A., Zadra, R., Zimmerman, R. H., Alcaino, M. E., Castro, P., Chen, J., Chen, J. L., Fan, W., Ge, J., Hu, D., Huang, J., Jingxuan, G., Ke, Y., Ma, H., Wu, Y., Yingxian, S., Yu, B., Zhu, W., Bakula, M., Bergovec, M., Lukin, A., Milicevic, G., Padovan, M., Raguz, M., Aschermann, M., Belohlavek, J., Bocek, P., Branny, M., Budesinsky, T., Groch, L., Holm, F., Jansky, P., Jelinek, P., Jirka, V., Kaislerova, M., Konecny, P., Lisa, L., Maly, M., Marcinek, G., Oscipovsky, M., Stumar, J., Vacha, M., Nielsen, T., Vigholt, E., Laanmets, P., Soopold, U., Voitk, J., Naveri, H., Niemela, M., Peuhkurinen, K., Tuomainen, P., Ylitalo, A., Py, A., Amat, G., Bessede, G., Boschat, J., Carrie, D., Charbonnier, B., Coliet, J. P., Dambrine, P., Dubois-Rande, J. L., Ferrari, E., Fouche, R., Grollier, G., Jaboureck, O., Ketelers, R., Khalife, K., Leroy, F., Lognone, T., Macquin-Mavier, I., Montalescot, G., Pacouret, G., Poulard, J. E., Puel, J., Richard, M., Schiele, F., Bischoff, K. O., Buerke, M., Buerke, U., Dominick, K., Drexler, H., Feiler, A., Guelker, H., Haltern, G., Katus, H. A., Klauss, V., Klutmann, M., Koeth, O., Meinhardt, G., Muenzel, T. M., Nitschke, T., Offterdinger, M., Rieber, J., Schieffer, B., Stangl, K., Stangl, V., Vom Dahl, J., Witzenbichler, B., Zeymer, U., Alexopoulos, D., Blassopoulou, N., Christon, A., Fotiadis, I., Foussas, S., Grapsas, N., Moschos, N., Papasteriadis, E., Symeonidis, D., Tyrologos, A., Leung, W. S., Li, S. K., Arabadzisz, H., Csikazs, J., Dancs, T., Davidovits, Z., Edes, I., Farkas, E., Herczeg, B., Janos, S., Janosi, A., Kadar, A., Kis, E., Kristof, E., Lupkovics, G., Mark, L., Nagy, A., Nagy, L., Poor, F., Regos, L., Sebo, J., Tomcsanyi, J., Toth, K., Bharani, A., Chidambaram, N., Haridas, K. K., Jain, A., Jain, P. R. K., Jaison, T. M., Kerkar, P. G., Naik, S., Nambiar, A., Panwar, R. B., Parikh, K., Puri, V. K., Rajesh, T., Ramesh, M., Singh, B., Thanikachalam, S., Tongia, R. K., Varma, S., Barbiero, M., Bardelli, G., Bernardi, D., Bolognese, L., Capponi, L., Ferrari, G., Fanelli, R., Frediani, L., Galli, M., Izzo, A., Lombardi, A., Maresta, A., Martinoni, A., Melloni, C., Meneghetti, P., Mennuni, M., Moretti, L., Orlandi, M., Pancaldi, L. G., Petronzelli, S., Piovaccari, G., Salvioni, A., Severini, D., Terrosu, P., Zanini, R., Erglis, A., Kalnins, U., Verboenko, J., Zakke, I., Kugiene, R., Zaliunas, R., Bin Othman, A., Chee, K. H., Hian, S. K., Gutierrez, A. C., Diaz, A. C., Garcia-Castillo, A., Guerrero, M. C., Morales, C. L., Ramos-Lopez, G., Baldew, S. C., Basart, D. C. G., Clappers, N., Daniels, M. C. G., Weerd, G. J., Den Hartog, F. R., Hendriks, Ihgm, Herrman, J. P. R., Kofflard, M., Krasznai, K., Michels, H. R., Stoel, I., Ten Berg, J. M., Umans, Vawn, Beek, G. J., Daele, Merm, Den Berg, B. J., Hessen, M. W. J., Kalmthout, P. M., Rossum, P., Verheugt, F. W. A., Viergever, E. P., Withagen, Ajam, Achremczyk, P., Arasimowicz, P., Baranowska, T., Biegayto, J., Bronisz, M., Buszman, P., Dalkowski, M., Dluzniewski, M., Gessek, J., Goch, J. H., Janik, K., Janion, M., Kawecki, D., Kleinrok, A., Komorowski, P., Krasowski, W., Krauze-Wielicka, M., Malinowski, S., Nowak, T., Nowakowski, P., Ogorek, M., Piepiorka, M., Pluta, W., Puzio, E., Puzniak, M., Rekosz, J., Rybka, P., Sendrowski, D., Siminiak, T., Skura, M., Stopinski, M., Szetemej, R., Szolkiewicz, M., Szpajer, M., Trusz-Gluza, M., Waszyrowski, T., Wita, K., Wodniecki, J., Wojewoda, P., Zambrzycki, J., Zielinski, Z., Cardoso, P., Carrageta, D. M., Ferreira, D., Gomes, M. V., Santos, L., Arkhipov, M., Belousov, Y., Charchoglyan, R., Gordeev, I. G., Gratsiansky, N. A., Grinshtein, Y., Khrustalev, O., Kokorin, V. A., Komarov, A., Kozulin, V., Minushkina, L. O., Panchenko, E., Panov, A., Petrik, E. S., Shakhnovich, R. M., Shalaev, S. V., Sukhinina, T. S., Trifonov, I. R., Zateyshchikov, D. A., Khoo, B. C. H., Tan, H. C., Tan, R. S., Hricak, V., Motovska, Z., Poliacik, P., Kanic, V., Kovacic, D., Kranjec, I., Voga, G., Bayat, J., Essop, M. R., Maritz, F., Marx, J. D., Ntsekhe, M., Pretorius, M. P., Ranjith, N., Theron, H., Chae, I. H., Chae, S. C., Choe, K. H., Chung, N. S., Jeong, M. H., Kim, C. J., Kim, H. S., Kim, W., Rhim, C. Y., Shin, E. K., Shin, G. J., Alameda, M., Alonso-Orcajo, N., Bethencourt, A., Calvo, F., Avellaneda, J. L. C., Delgado, V., Diaz-Castro, O., Esplugas, E., Faus, R., Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz, Frutos, A., Goirena, P., Iglesias, F. C., Llorian, A. R., Macaya, C., Mancisidor, X., Melgares, R., Pascual, C., Ruiz-Nodar, J. M., Simon, J. M., Agewall, S., Ahlstrom, P., Ali, M., Andersson, L., Bandh, S., Digerfeldt, C., Ericsson, H., Forsgren, M., Jabro, J., Janzon, M., Joborn, H., Johnston, N., Karlsson, J. E., Larsson, L. E., Linderfalk, C., Lonnberg, I., Mooe, T., Oldgren, J., Pihl, E., Risenfors, M., Sjolund, E., Soderberg, I., Stjerna, A., Svennberg, L., Wodlin, P., Pagnamenta, A., Pieper, M., Rossi, M. G., Weber, K., Peng, M. C., Cheng, J. J., Chiang, F. T., Kuo, C. T., Tseng, C. D., Andreyeshcheva, I., Dzyak, G. V., Fedtchouk, L., Gontar, A., Karpenko, O., Kononenko, L., Koval, E. A., Kovalsky, I., Kraitz, I., Netiazhenko, V., Polyvoda, S., Prokopenko, Y., Prudkiy, I., Rudenko, L., Serediuk, N., Zolotaykina, V., Adgey, J., Ahsan, A., Brack, M., Bridges, A. B., Burton, J., Findlay, I., Fluck, D. S., Radford, L., Robson, R. H., Senior, R., Starkey, I. R., Alexander, J., Baber, Z., Campbell, M., Caputo, R., Chandna, H., Chandrashekhar, Y., Chu, A., Deraad, R. E., Druken, B., Goyal, A., Holly, D., Kemp, A., Kotlaba, D., Levine, M. J., Miller, G. P., Nygaard, T., Parikh, D. K., Ramos, C., Rivera, E., Rodriguez, R., Sangani, B., Walder, J. S., and Oasis

47. Quantifying a potential protective effect of buprenorphine on fatality risk during acute fentanyl exposures.

Author

Dai Z, Abate MA, Winstanley E, Kraner JC, Lundstrom E, Mock AR, and Smith GS

Subjects
Male, Humans, Fentanyl, Cross-Sectional Studies, Analgesics, Opioid adverse effects, Buprenorphine therapeutic use, Opioid-Related Disorders drug therapy, Drug Overdose
Abstract

Introduction: Buprenorphine is an important therapy for opioid use disorder and may also reduce the risk of fatal overdoses in fentanyl exposures. However, the role of buprenorphine in reducing this risk has not been quantified. This cross-sectional study examined the association between buprenorphine presence, decedent characteristics, and other factors with the predicted fentanyl concentrations in overdose deaths., Methods: The study identified unintentional fentanyl overdose decedents (n = 3036) from the West Virginia Forensic Drug Database, 2011 through mid-2020. The main outcome was fentanyl concentrations in overdose deaths in the presence and absence of buprenorphine. A multiple linear regression model examined the association of fentanyl concentrations with buprenorphine presence based on the concentrations of the parent drug buprenorphine (B) and its metabolite norbuprenorphine (N), adjusting for demographics, toxicological characteristics (presence of multiple opioids, benzodiazepines, stimulants, marijuana, and alcohol), and comorbidities. We used a B/N concentration ratio < 1 as an indirect indicator of longer-term buprenorphine exposure prior to drug overdose death., Results: The median fentanyl concentration was 65 % higher when buprenorphine was present (N = 168) vs. absent (N = 2868) (0.028 vs. 0.017 μg/mL, p < 0.001). In the multivariable model, statistically significant associations occurred between buprenorphine presence and increased fentanyl concentrations (+28.7 %) with a B/N ratio < 1. Obesity, male sex, alcohol presence, and comorbid cardiovascular diseases were statistically significantly associated with lower (-11.3 % to -20.7 %) fentanyl concentrations, whereas marijuana presence and a history of substance use disorder were associated with statistically significant higher fentanyl concentrations (+8.8 % to +31.3 %)., Conclusions: These findings suggest that sustained or longer-term buprenorphine intake might exert some protective effect on fatalities resulting from fentanyl exposure as documented by the association of higher fentanyl blood concentrations with buprenorphine presence among fatal drug overdoses. As fentanyl availability and overdose rates increase nationally, buprenorphine is a vital tool for effective opioid use disorder treatment that might also reduce the risk of fatality in an acute fentanyl exposure., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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48. Characteristics of xylazine-related deaths in West Virginia-Xylazine-related deaths.

Author

Sibbesen J, Abate MA, Dai Z, Smith GS, Lundstrom E, Kraner JC, and Mock AR

Subjects
Humans, West Virginia epidemiology, Fentanyl adverse effects, Xylazine adverse effects, Drug Overdose
Abstract

Background and Objectives: The involvement of xylazine, a veterinary drug, in West Virginia (WV) human drug-related deaths was examined., Methods: WV drug deaths from 2019 (when xylazine was first identified) to mid-2021. Characteristics including toxicology findings were compared between xylazine and nonxylazine deaths., Results: Of 3292 drug deaths, 117 involved xylazine, and the proportions of deaths with it have increased (1% [2019] to 5% [mid-2021)]. Xylazine decedents had more cointoxicants, with fentanyl (98%) predominant followed by methamphetamine. Xylazine decedents had a significantly greater history of drug or alcohol misuse and hepatic disease., Conclusions and Scientific Significance: In one of the largest analyses of xylazine-involved deaths in a predominantly rural state, identification of xylazine was increasing with multiple cointoxicants (especially fentanyl), and was present in a few deaths with only one other substance involved. Health professionals should be aware of possible enhanced toxicity from xylazine ingestion especially since naloxone does not reverse xylazine's adverse effects., (© 2022 The American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry (AAAP).)

Published
2023
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49. The Role of Chemotherapy in Management of Inoperable, Metastatic and/or Recurrent Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy-Own Experience and Systematic Review.

Author

Styczewska M, Krawczyk MA, Brecht IB, Haug K, Iżycka-Świeszewska E, Godziński J, Raciborska A, Ussowicz M, Kukwa W, Cwalina N, Lundstrom E, and Bień E

Abstract

Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy (MNTI) is a very rare pediatric neoplasm of neural crest origin. In most cases, it develops in infants as a localized tumor of the maxilla, and surgery is usually curative. In less than 10% of patients with inoperable, metastatic or persistently recurring MNTI, chemotherapy (CHT) may be considered; however, its role is still unclear. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of CHT in children with large, inoperable, metastatic and/or recurrent MNTI. Four such infants, treated with CHT in Polish and German centers of pediatric oncology, were presented. Additionally, a systematic literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases was performed, yielding 38 similar cases within the last 42 years. Neoadjuvant CHT, based mainly on the protocols for neuroblastoma, was often effective, allowing for complete delayed surgery in most cases. However, the role of adjuvant CHT in preventing recurrences after incomplete resection of MNTI remains unclear. Disseminated inoperable MNTI was almost universally associated with poor response to CHT and unfavorable outcome. Further investigations to elaborate standards of management in patients with inoperable, metastatic or persistently recurring MNTIs are necessary to improve outcomes.

Published
2021
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50. Cecal Volvulus: An Evolving Disease.

Author

Bailey KS, Lundstrom E, and Borgstrom D

Subjects
Aged, Cecal Diseases diagnosis, Cecal Diseases surgery, Endoscopy, Digestive System methods, Female, Humans, Incidence, Intestinal Volvulus diagnosis, Intestinal Volvulus surgery, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, United States epidemiology, Cecal Diseases epidemiology, Cecum diagnostic imaging, Intestinal Volvulus epidemiology
Published
2018

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