117 results on '"Lunder, C."'
Search Results
2. A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe
- Author
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Bressi, M., Cavalli, F., Putaud, J.P., Fröhlich, R., Petit, J.-E., Aas, W., Äijälä, M., Alastuey, A., Allan, J.D., Aurela, M., Berico, M., Bougiatioti, A., Bukowiecki, N., Canonaco, F., Crenn, V., Dusanter, S., Ehn, M., Elsasser, M., Flentje, H., Graf, P., Green, D.C., Heikkinen, L., Hermann, H., Holzinger, R., Hueglin, C., Keernik, H., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kubelová, L., Lunder, C., Maasikmets, M., Makeš, O., Malaguti, A., Mihalopoulos, N., Nicolas, J.B., O'Dowd, C., Ovadnevaite, J., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Riffault, V., Ripoll, A., Schlag, P., Schwarz, J., Sciare, J., Slowik, J., Sosedova, Y., Stavroulas, I., Teinemaa, E., Via, M., Vodička, P., Williams, P.I., Wiedensohler, A., Young, D.E., Zhang, S., Favez, O., Minguillón, M.C., and Prevot, A.S.H.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Increase in HFC‐134a emissions in response to the success of the Montreal Protocol
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Fortems‐Cheiney, A, Saunois, M, Pison, I, Chevallier, F, Bousquet, P, Cressot, C, Montzka, SA, Fraser, PJ, Vollmer, MK, Simmonds, PG, Young, D, O'Doherty, S, Weiss, RF, Artuso, F, Barletta, B, Blake, DR, Li, S, Lunder, C, Miller, BR, Park, S, Prinn, R, Saito, T, Steele, LP, and Yokouchi, Y
- Subjects
Climate Action ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience - Abstract
The 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), an important alternative to CFC-12 in accordance with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, is a high global warming potential greenhouse gas. Here we evaluate variations in global and regional HFC-134a emissions and emission trends, from 1995 to 2010, at a relatively high spatial and temporal (3.75° in longitude × 2.5° in latitude and 8 day) resolution, using surface HFC-134a measurements. Our results show a progressive increase of global HFC-134a emissions from 19 ± 2 Gg/yr in 1995 to 167 ± 5 Gg/yr in 2010, with both a slowdown in developed countries and a 20%/yr increase in China since 2005. A seasonal cycle is also seen since 2002, which becomes enhanced over time, with larger values during the boreal summer.
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- 2015
4. European emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons inferred from atmospheric measurements and their comparison with annual national reports to UNFCCC
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Graziosi, F., Arduini, J., Furlani, F., Giostra, U., Cristofanelli, P., Fang, X., Hermanssen, O., Lunder, C., Maenhout, G., O'Doherty, S., Reimann, S., Schmidbauer, N., Vollmer, M.K., Young, D., and Maione, M.
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- 2017
- Full Text
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5. Growing Atmospheric Emissions of Sulfuryl Fluoride
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science, Gressent, A., Rigby, M., Ganesan, A. L., Prinn, R. G., Manning, A. J., Mühle, J., Salameh, P. K., Krummel, P. B., Fraser, P. J., Steele, L. P., Mitrevski, B., Weiss, R. F., Harth, C. M., Wang, R. H., O'Doherty, S., Young, D., Park, S., Li, S., Yao, B., Reimann, S., Vollmer, M. K., Maione, M., Arduini, J., Lunder, C. R., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science, Gressent, A., Rigby, M., Ganesan, A. L., Prinn, R. G., Manning, A. J., Mühle, J., Salameh, P. K., Krummel, P. B., Fraser, P. J., Steele, L. P., Mitrevski, B., Weiss, R. F., Harth, C. M., Wang, R. H., O'Doherty, S., Young, D., Park, S., Li, S., Yao, B., Reimann, S., Vollmer, M. K., Maione, M., Arduini, J., and Lunder, C. R.
- Published
- 2022
6. Growing Atmospheric Emissions of Sulfuryl Fluoride
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Gressent, A., primary, Rigby, M., additional, Ganesan, A. L., additional, Prinn, R. G., additional, Manning, A. J., additional, Mühle, J., additional, Salameh, P. K., additional, Krummel, P. B., additional, Fraser, P. J., additional, Steele, L. P., additional, Mitrevski, B., additional, Weiss, R. F., additional, Harth, C. M., additional, Wang, R. H., additional, O'Doherty, S., additional, Young, D., additional, Park, S., additional, Li, S., additional, Yao, B., additional, Reimann, S., additional, Vollmer, M. K., additional, Maione, M., additional, Arduini, J., additional, and Lunder, C. R., additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe
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Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Energy, Resources & Technological Change, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Bressi, M., Cavalli, F., Putaud, J.P., Fröhlich, R., Petit, J.-E., Aas, W., Äijälä, M., Alastuey, A., Allan, J.D., Aurela, M., Berico, M., Bougiatioti, A., Bukowiecki, N., Canonaco, F., Crenn, V., Dusanter, S., Ehn, M., Elsasser, M., Flentje, H., Graf, P., Green, D.C., Heikkinen, L., Hermann, H., Holzinger, R., Hueglin, C., Keernik, H., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kubelová, L., Lunder, C., Maasikmets, M., Makeš, O., Malaguti, A., Mihalopoulos, N., Nicolas, J.B., O'Dowd, C., Ovadnevaite, J., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Riffault, V., Ripoll, A., Schlag, P., Schwarz, J., Sciare, J., Slowik, J., Sosedova, Y., Stavroulas, I., Teinemaa, E., Via, M., Vodička, P., Williams, P.I., Wiedensohler, A., Young, D.E., Zhang, S., Favez, O., Minguillón, M.C., Prevot, A.S.H., Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Energy, Resources & Technological Change, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Bressi, M., Cavalli, F., Putaud, J.P., Fröhlich, R., Petit, J.-E., Aas, W., Äijälä, M., Alastuey, A., Allan, J.D., Aurela, M., Berico, M., Bougiatioti, A., Bukowiecki, N., Canonaco, F., Crenn, V., Dusanter, S., Ehn, M., Elsasser, M., Flentje, H., Graf, P., Green, D.C., Heikkinen, L., Hermann, H., Holzinger, R., Hueglin, C., Keernik, H., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kubelová, L., Lunder, C., Maasikmets, M., Makeš, O., Malaguti, A., Mihalopoulos, N., Nicolas, J.B., O'Dowd, C., Ovadnevaite, J., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Riffault, V., Ripoll, A., Schlag, P., Schwarz, J., Sciare, J., Slowik, J., Sosedova, Y., Stavroulas, I., Teinemaa, E., Via, M., Vodička, P., Williams, P.I., Wiedensohler, A., Young, D.E., Zhang, S., Favez, O., Minguillón, M.C., and Prevot, A.S.H.
- Published
- 2021
8. European emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons inferred from atmospheric measurements and their comparison with annual national reports to UNFCCC
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Graziosi, F., Arduini, J., Furlani, F., Giostra, U., Cristofanelli, P., Fang, Xinding, Hermanssen, O., Lunder, C., Maenhout, G., O'Doherty, S., Reimann, S., Schmidbauer, N., Vollmer, M.K., Young, D., Maione, M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Graziosi, F., Arduini, J., Furlani, F., Giostra, U., Cristofanelli, P., Fang, Xinding, Hermanssen, O., Lunder, C., Maenhout, G., O'Doherty, S., Reimann, S., Schmidbauer, N., Vollmer, M.K., Young, D., and Maione, M.
- Abstract
Hydrofluorocarbons are powerful greenhouse gases developed by industry after the phase-out of the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons required by the Montreal Protocol. The climate benefit of reducing the emissions of hydrofluorocarbons has been widely recognised, leading to an amendment of the Montreal Protocol (Kigali Amendment) calling for developed countries to start to phase-down hydrofluorocarbons by 2019 and in developing countries to follow with a freeze between 2024 and 2028. In this way, nearly half a degree Celsius of warming would be avoided by the end of the century. Hydrofluorocarbons are also included in the basket of gases controlled under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Annex I parties to the Convention submit annual national greenhouse gas inventories based on a bottom-up approach, which relies on declared anthropogenic activities. Top-down methodologies, based on atmospheric measurements and modelling, can be used in support to the inventory compilation. In this study we used atmospheric data from four European sites combined with the FLEXPART dispersion model and a Bayesian inversion method, in order to derive emissions of nine individual hydrofluorocarbons from the whole European Geographic Domain and from twelve regions within it, then comparing our results with the annual emissions that the European countries submit every year to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, as well as with the bottom-up Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. We found several discrepancies when considering the specific compounds and on the country level. However, an overall agreement is found when comparing European aggregated data, which between 2008 and 2014 are on average 84.2 ± 28.0 Tg-CO2-eq·yr−1 against the 95.1 Tg-CO2-eq·yr−1 reported by UNFCCC in the same period. Therefore, in agreement with other studies, the gap on the global level between bottom-u
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- 2020
9. Perfluorocyclobutane (PFC-318, c-C4F8) in the global atmosphere
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Mühle, J, Mühle, J, Trudinger, CM, Western, LM, Rigby, M, Vollmer, MK, Park, S, Manning, AJ, Say, D, Ganesan, A, Paul Steele, L, Ivy, DJ, Arnold, T, Li, S, Stohl, A, Harth, CM, Salameh, PK, McCulloch, A, O'Doherty, S, Park, MK, Ok Jo, C, Young, D, Stanley, KM, Krummel, PB, Mitrevski, B, Hermansen, O, Lunder, C, Evangeliou, N, Yao, B, Kim, J, Hmiel, B, Buizert, C, Petrenko, VV, Arduini, J, Maione, M, Etheridge, DM, Michalopoulou, E, Czerniak, M, Severinghaus, JP, Reimann, S, Simmonds, PG, Fraser, PJ, Prinn, RG, Weiss, RF, Mühle, J, Mühle, J, Trudinger, CM, Western, LM, Rigby, M, Vollmer, MK, Park, S, Manning, AJ, Say, D, Ganesan, A, Paul Steele, L, Ivy, DJ, Arnold, T, Li, S, Stohl, A, Harth, CM, Salameh, PK, McCulloch, A, O'Doherty, S, Park, MK, Ok Jo, C, Young, D, Stanley, KM, Krummel, PB, Mitrevski, B, Hermansen, O, Lunder, C, Evangeliou, N, Yao, B, Kim, J, Hmiel, B, Buizert, C, Petrenko, VV, Arduini, J, Maione, M, Etheridge, DM, Michalopoulou, E, Czerniak, M, Severinghaus, JP, Reimann, S, Simmonds, PG, Fraser, PJ, Prinn, RG, and Weiss, RF
- Abstract
We reconstruct atmospheric abundances of the potent greenhouse gas span classCombining double low line inline-formula span classCombining double low line inline-formula perfluorocyclobutane, perfluorocarbon PFC-318) from measurements of in situ, archived, firn, and aircraft air samples with precisions of span classCombining double low line inline-formula reported on the SIO-14 gravimetric calibration scale. Combined with inverse methods, we found near-zero atmospheric abundances from the early 1900s to the early 1960s, after which they rose sharply, reaching 1.66ppt (parts per trillion dry-air mole fraction) in 2017. Global span classCombining double low line inline-formula span classCombining double low line inline-formula emissions rose from near zero in the 1960s to span classCombining double low line inline-formula (1span classCombining double low line inline-formula gyrspan classCombining double low line inline-formula in the late 1970s to late 1980s, then declined to span classCombining double low line inline-formula classCombining double low line inline-formula in the mid-1990s to early 2000s, followed by a rise since the early 2000s to span classCombining double low line inline-formula 2.20±0.05 Ggyrspan classCombining double low line inline-formula in 2017. These emissions are significantly larger than inventory-based emission estimates. Estimated emissions from eastern Asia rose from 0.36Ggyrspan classCombining double low line inline-formula in 2010 to 0.73Ggyrspan classCombining double low line inline-formula in 2016 and 2017, 31% of global emissions, mostly from eastern China. We estimate emissions of 0.14Ggyrspan classCombining double low line inline-formula from northern and central India in 2016 and find evidence for significant emissions from Russia. In contrast, recent emissions from northwestern Europe and Australia are estimated to be small (span classCombining double low line inline-formula % each). We suggest that emissions from China, India, an
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- 2019
10. Global emissions of HFC-143a (CH[subscript 3]CF[subscript 3]) and HFC-32 (CH[subscript 2]F[subscript 2]) from in situ and air archive atmospheric observations
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Ivy, Diane J, O'Doherty, S., Rigby, M., Mühle, J., Miller, B. R., Young, D., Simmonds, P. G., Reimann, S., Vollmer, M. K., Krummel, P. B., Fraser, P. J., Steele, L. P., Dunse, B., Salameh, P. K., Harth, C. M., Arnold, T., Weiss, R. F., Kim, J., Park, S., Li, S., Lunder, C., Hermansen, O., Schmidbauer, N., Zhou, L. X., Yao, B., Wang, R. H. J., Manning, A. J., Prinn, R. G., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Ivy, Diane J, O'Doherty, S., Rigby, M., Mühle, J., Miller, B. R., Young, D., Simmonds, P. G., Reimann, S., Vollmer, M. K., Krummel, P. B., Fraser, P. J., Steele, L. P., Dunse, B., Salameh, P. K., Harth, C. M., Arnold, T., Weiss, R. F., Kim, J., Park, S., Li, S., Lunder, C., Hermansen, O., Schmidbauer, N., Zhou, L. X., Yao, B., Wang, R. H. J., Manning, A. J., and Prinn, R. G.
- Abstract
High-frequency, in situ observations from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE), for the period 2003 to 2012, combined with archive flask measurements dating back to 1977, have been used to capture the rapid growth of HFC-143a (CH[subscript 3]CF[subscript 3]) and HFC- 32 (CH[subscript 2]F[subscript 2]) mole fractions and emissions into the atmosphere. Here we report the first in situ global measurements of these two gases. HFC-143a and HFC-32 are the third and sixth most abundant hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) respectively and they currently make an appreciable contribution to the HFCs in terms of atmospheric radiative forcing (1.7±0.04 and 0.7±0.02mWm[superscript -2] in 2012 respectively). In 2012 the global average mole fraction of HFC- 143a was 13.4±0.3 ppt (1o) in the lower troposphere and its growth rate was 1.4±0.04 ppt yr[superscript -1]; HFC-32 had a global mean mole fraction of 6.2±0.2 ppt and a growth rate of 1.1±0.04 ppt yr [superscript -1] in 2012. The extensive observations presented in this work have been combined with an atmospheric transport model to simulate global atmospheric abundances and derive global emission estimates. It is estimated that 23±3 Gg yr[superscript -1] of HFC-143a and 21±11 Gg yr[superscript -1] of HFC- 32 were emitted globally in 2012, and the emission rates are estimated to be increasing by 7±5%yr[superscript -1] for HFC-143a and 14±11%yr[superscript -1] for HFC-32.
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- 2018
11. HFC-43-10mee atmospheric abundances and global emission estimates
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Arnold T., Ivy D., Harth C., Vollmer M., Mühle J., Salameh P., Steele L. P., Krummel P. B., Wang R.H.J., Young D., Lunder C., Hermansen O., Rhee T.S., Rigby M., Kim J., Reimann S., O'Doherty S., Fraser P., Simmonds P. G., Prinn R. G., and Weiss R. F.
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- 2014
12. Global emissions of HFC-143a (CH3CF3) and HFC-32 (CH2F2) from in situ and air archive atmospheric observations
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O’Doherty S., Rigby M., Mühle J., Ivy D., Miller B. R., Young D., Simmonds P. G., Reimann S., Vollmer M., Krummel P. B., Fraser P., Steele L. P., Dunse B. L., Salameh P., Harth C., Arnold T., Weiss R. F., Kim J., Park S., Li S., Lunder C., Hermansen O., Schmidbauer N., Zhou L. X., and Yao B.
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- 2014
13. Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH3CHF2) from in situ and air archive observations
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Simmonds, P. G., Rigby, M., Manning, A. J., Lunt, M. F., O'doherty, S., Mcculloch, A., Fraser, P. J., Henne, S., Vollmer, M. K., Mühle, J., Weiss, R. F., Salameh, P. K., Young, D., Reimann, S., Wenger, A., Arnold, T., Harth, C. M., Krummel, P. B., Steele, L. P., Dunse, B. L., Miller, B. R., Lunder, C. R., Hermansen, O., Schmidbauer, N., Saito, T., Yokouchi, Y., Park, S., Li, S., Yao, B., Zhou, L. X., Arduini, J., Maione, M., Wang, R. H. J., Ivy, D., and Prinn, R. G.
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long term observations ,INVERSION METHOD ,EUROPEAN EMISSIONS ,Hydrofluorocarbons ,Kyoto Protocol ,TRENDS ,PERFLUOROCARBONS ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Hydrofluorocarbons, Kyoto Protocol, top down emission estimates, long term observations ,lcsh:Chemistry ,CH3CF3 ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,HALOCARBON EMISSIONS ,top down emission estimates ,MACE HEAD ,ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS ,HALOGENATED GREENHOUSE GASES ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
High frequency, in situ observations from 11 globally distributed sites for the period 1994–2014 and archived air measurements dating from 1978 onward have been used to determine the global growth rate of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH3CHF2). These observations have been combined with a range of atmospheric transport models to derive global emission estimates in a top-down approach. HFC-152a is a greenhouse gas with a short atmospheric lifetime of about 1.5 years. Since it does not contain chlorine or bromine, HFC-152a makes no direct contribution to the destruction of stratospheric ozone and is therefore used as a substitute for the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The concentration of HFC-152a has grown substantially since the first direct measurements in 1994, reaching a maximum annual global growth rate of 0.84 ± 0.05 ppt yr−1 in 2006, implying a substantial increase in emissions up to 2006. However, since 2007, the annual rate of growth has slowed to 0.38 ± 0.04 ppt yr−1 in 2010 with a further decline to an annual average rate of growth in 2013–2014 of −0.06 ± 0.05 ppt yr−1. The annual average Northern Hemisphere (NH) mole fraction in 1994 was 1.2 ppt rising to an annual average mole fraction of 10.1 ppt in 2014. Average annual mole fractions in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in 1998 and 2014 were 0.84 and 4.5 ppt, respectively. We estimate global emissions of HFC-152a have risen from 7.3 ± 5.6 Gg yr−1 in 1994 to a maximum of 54.4 ± 17.1 Gg yr−1 in 2011, declining to 52.5 ± 20.1 Gg yr−1 in 2014 or 7.2 ± 2.8 Tg-CO2 eq yr−1. Analysis of mole fraction enhancements above regional background atmospheric levels suggests substantial emissions from North America, Asia, and Europe. Global HFC emissions (so called “bottom up” emissions) reported by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are based on cumulative national emission data reported to the UNFCCC, which in turn are based on national consumption data. There appears to be a significant underestimate ( > 20 Gg) of “bottom-up” reported emissions of HFC-152a, possibly arising from largely underestimated USA emissions and undeclared Asian emissions.
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- 2016
14. Increase in HFC-134a emissions in response to the success of the Montreal Protocol
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Fortems-Cheiney, A., Saunois, M., Pison, I., Chevallier, F., Bousquet, P., Cressot, C., Montzka, S. A., Fraser, P. J., Vollmer, M. K., Simmonds, Peter G, Young, T D S, O'Doherty, Simon, Weiss, R. F., Artuso, F., Barletta, B., Blake, D. R., Li, S., Lunder, C., Miller, B. R., Park, S., Prinn, R., Saito, T., Steele, L. P., and Yokouchi, Y.
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inverse modeling ,HFC-134a - Abstract
The 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), an important alternative to CFC-12 in accordance with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, is a high global warming potential greenhouse gas. Here we evaluate variations in global and regional HFC-134a emissions and emission trends, from 1995 to 2010, at a relatively high spatial and temporal (3.75° in longitude × 2.5° in latitude and 8 day) resolution, using surface HFC-134a measurements. Our results show a progressive increase of global HFC-134a emissions from 19 ± 2 Gg/yr in 1995 to 167 ± 5 Gg/yr in 2010, with both a slowdown in developed countries and a 20%/yr increase in China since 2005. A seasonal cycle is also seen since 2002, which becomes enhanced over time, with larger values during the boreal summer.
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- 2015
15. Global HCFC-22 measurements with MIPAS: retrieval, validation, climatologies and trends
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Chirkov, M., Stiller, G. P., Laeng, A., Kellmann, S., Clarmann, T. von, Boone, C., Elkins, J. W., Engel, A., Glatthor, N., Grabowski, U., Harth, C. M., Kiefer, M., Kolonjari, F., Krummel, P. B., Linden, A., Lunder, C. R., Miller, B. R., Montzka, S. A., Mühle, J., O'Doherty, S., Orphal, J., Prinn, R. G., Toon, G., Vollmer, M. K., Walker, K. A., Weiss, R. F., Wiegele, A., and Young, D.
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Earth sciences ,ddc:550 - Abstract
We report on HCFC-22 data acquired by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) in reduced spectral resolution nominal mode in the period from January 2005 to April 2012 from version 5.02 level-1b spectral data and covering an altitude range from the upper troposphere (above cloud top altitude) to about 50 km. The profile retrieval was performed by constrained nonlinear least squares fitting of measured limb spectral radiances to modelled spectra. The spectral v4-band at 816.5 ± 13 cm-1 was used for the retrieval. A Tikhonov-type smoothing constraint was applied to stabilise the retrieval. In the lower stratosphere, we find a global volume mixing ratio of HCFC-22 of about 185 pptv in January 2005. The linear growth rate in the lower latitudes lower stratosphere was about 6 to 7 pptv yr-1 in the period 2005-2012. The obtained profiles were compared with ACE-FTS satellite data v3.5, as well as with MkIV balloon profiles and in situ cryosampler balloon measurements. Between 13 and 22 km, average agreement within -3 to +5 pptv (MIPAS–ACE) with ACE-FTS v3.5 profiles is demonstrated. Agreement with MkIV solar occultation balloon-borne measurements is within 10-20 pptv below 30 km and worse above, while in situ cryosampler balloon measurements are systematically lower over their full altitude range by 15-50 pptv below 24 km and less than 10 pptv above 28 km. Obtained MIPAS HCFC-22 time series below 10 km altitude are shown to agree mostly well to corresponding time series of near-surface abundances from NOAA/ESRL and AGAGE networks, although a more pronounced seasonal cycle is obvious in the satellite data, probably due to tropopause altitude fluctuations and subsidence of polar winter stratospheric air into the troposphere. A parametric model consisting of constant, linear, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and several sine and cosine terms with different periods has been fitted to the temporal variation of stratospheric HCFC-22 for all 10° latitude/1 to 2 km altitude bins. The relative linear variation was always positive, with relative increases of 40-70% decade-1 in the tropics and global lower stratosphere, and up to 120% decade-1 in the upper stratosphere of the northern polar region and the southern extratropical hemisphere. In the middle stratosphere between 20 and 30 km, the observed trend is not consistent with the age of stratospheric air-corrected trend at ground, but stronger positive at the Southern Hemisphere and less strong increasing in the Northern Hemisphere, hinting towards changes in the stratospheric circulation over the observation period.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Results of the first-ever ACSM intercomparison study from the ACTRIS-ACSM network
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Crenn, V., Sciare, Jean, Favez, Olivier, Croteau, Philip, Frohlich, Roman, Setyan, A., Verlhac, Stéphane, Riffault, Véronique, Aijala, M., Bressi, M., Carbone, C., Cavalli, F., Coz, E., Cubison, M.J., Gietl, J.K., Heikkinen, Paivi, Lunder, C., Minguillon, M.C., Ovadnevaite, J., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Ripoll, A., Artinano, B., Baisnee, Dominique, Bonnaire, N., Canagaratna, M., Green, D.C., Mocnik, Grisa, Gros, V., Petit, Jean-Eudes, Sarda-Esteve, Roland, Jayne, J.T., Prevot, André S.H., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Aerodyne Research Inc., Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University of Helsinki, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), King‘s College London, Aerosol D.O.O, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
International audience; As part of the EU-FP7 ACTRIS program, a large international intercomparison study of 15 aerosol mass spectrometers (13 Q-ACSM, 1 ToF-ACSM and 1 HR-ToF-AMS) has been performed from 15 Nov. to 2 Dec. 2013 at the LSCE in-situ atmospheric platform which is part of the French SIRTA observatory (http://sirta.ipsl.fr) located at 20km southwest of Paris. During this period, each instrument measured the major non-refractory submicron aerosols (NR-PM1) components (organic matter, nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium) in ambient air. The accuracy of Q-ACSM instruments was determined by comparison with various co-located instruments (TEOM-FDMS, SMPS, OPC, OC-EC Sunset Field analyzer, PILS-IC, aethalometers, nephelometers, and filter sampling). The measurement precision was also evaluated by intercomparing the correlation of absolute mass concentrations for all the NR-PM1 species. The ACSM analytical uncertainties were then estimated by applying a statistical approach in order to evaluate the analytical standard deviations between ACSMs and to highlight any bias or influencing factor on the ACSM measurements. For this purpose, the Z-score indicator representing performance criteria was used making it possible to measure its relative deviation to the assigned value. Fig. 1 summarizes the Z-Score results applied to the 13 Q-ACSM datasets for the major chemical species of the NR-PM1. All the ACSMs present satisfactory Z-Score values (a Z-Score value of 3 is considered as the limit value) whatever the considered parameter highlighting the instrument precision.
- Published
- 2014
17. Global HCFC-22 measurements with MIPAS: retrieval, validation, global distribution and its evolution over 2005–2012
- Author
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Chirkov, M., primary, Stiller, G. P., additional, Laeng, A., additional, Kellmann, S., additional, von Clarmann, T., additional, Boone, C. D., additional, Elkins, J. W., additional, Engel, A., additional, Glatthor, N., additional, Grabowski, U., additional, Harth, C. M., additional, Kiefer, M., additional, Kolonjari, F., additional, Krummel, P. B., additional, Linden, A., additional, Lunder, C. R., additional, Miller, B. R., additional, Montzka, S. A., additional, Mühle, J., additional, O'Doherty, S., additional, Orphal, J., additional, Prinn, R. G., additional, Toon, G., additional, Vollmer, M. K., additional, Walker, K. A., additional, Weiss, R. F., additional, Wiegele, A., additional, and Young, D., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH<sub>3</sub>CHF<sub>2</sub>) from in situ and air archive observations
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Simmonds, P. G., primary, Rigby, M., additional, Manning, A. J., additional, Lunt, M. F., additional, O'Doherty, S., additional, McCulloch, A., additional, Fraser, P. J., additional, Henne, S., additional, Vollmer, M. K., additional, Mühle, J., additional, Weiss, R. F., additional, Salameh, P. K., additional, Young, D., additional, Reimann, S., additional, Wenger, A., additional, Arnold, T., additional, Harth, C. M., additional, Krummel, P. B., additional, Steele, L. P., additional, Dunse, B. L., additional, Miller, B. R., additional, Lunder, C. R., additional, Hermansen, O., additional, Schmidbauer, N., additional, Saito, T., additional, Yokouchi, Y., additional, Park, S., additional, Li, S., additional, Yao, B., additional, Zhou, L. X., additional, Arduini, J., additional, Maione, M., additional, Wang, R. H. J., additional, Ivy, D., additional, and Prinn, R. G., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Increase in HFC-134a emissions in response to the success of the Montreal Protocol
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Fortems-Cheiney, A, Fortems-Cheiney, A, Saunois, M, Pison, I, Chevallier, F, Bousquet, P, Cressot, C, Montzka, SA, Fraser, PJ, Vollmer, MK, Simmonds, PG, Young, D, O'Doherty, S, Weiss, RF, Artuso, F, Barletta, B, Blake, DR, Li, S, Lunder, C, Miller, BR, Park, S, Prinn, R, Saito, T, Steele, LP, Yokouchi, Y, Fortems-Cheiney, A, Fortems-Cheiney, A, Saunois, M, Pison, I, Chevallier, F, Bousquet, P, Cressot, C, Montzka, SA, Fraser, PJ, Vollmer, MK, Simmonds, PG, Young, D, O'Doherty, S, Weiss, RF, Artuso, F, Barletta, B, Blake, DR, Li, S, Lunder, C, Miller, BR, Park, S, Prinn, R, Saito, T, Steele, LP, and Yokouchi, Y
- Abstract
©2015. American Geophysical Union. The 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), an important alternative to CFC-12 in accordance with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, is a high global warming potential greenhouse gas. Here we evaluate variations in global and regional HFC-134a emissions and emission trends, from 1995 to 2010, at a relatively high spatial and temporal (3.75° in longitude×2.5° in latitude and 8day) resolution, using surface HFC-134a measurements. Our results show a progressive increase of global HFC-134a emissions from 19±2Gg/yr in 1995 to 167±5Gg/yr in 2010, with both a slowdown in developed countries and a 20%/yr increase in China since 2005. A seasonal cycle is also seen since 2002, which becomes enhanced over time, with larger values during the boreal summer.
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- 2015
20. ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison - Part 2
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University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Froehlich, R., Crenn, V., Setyan, A., Belis, C. A., Canonaco, F., Favez, O., Riffault, V., Slowik, J. G., Aas, W., Aijala, M., Alastuey, A., Artinano, B., Bonnaire, N., Bozzetti, C., Bressi, M., Carbone, C., Coz, E., Croteau, P. L., Cubison, M. J., Esser-Gietl, J. K., Green, D. C., Gros, V., Heikkinen, L., Herrmann, H., Jayne, J. T., Lunder, C. R., Minguillon, M. C., Mocnik, G., O'Dowd, C. D., Ovadnevaite, J., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Ripoll, A., Sarda-Esteve, R., Wiedensohler, A., Baltensperger, U., Sciare, J., Prevot, A. S. H., University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Froehlich, R., Crenn, V., Setyan, A., Belis, C. A., Canonaco, F., Favez, O., Riffault, V., Slowik, J. G., Aas, W., Aijala, M., Alastuey, A., Artinano, B., Bonnaire, N., Bozzetti, C., Bressi, M., Carbone, C., Coz, E., Croteau, P. L., Cubison, M. J., Esser-Gietl, J. K., Green, D. C., Gros, V., Heikkinen, L., Herrmann, H., Jayne, J. T., Lunder, C. R., Minguillon, M. C., Mocnik, G., O'Dowd, C. D., Ovadnevaite, J., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Ripoll, A., Sarda-Esteve, R., Wiedensohler, A., Baltensperger, U., Sciare, J., and Prevot, A. S. H.
- Abstract
Chemically resolved atmospheric aerosol data sets from the largest intercomparison of the Aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitors (ACSMs) performed to date were collected at the French atmospheric supersite SIRTA. In total 13 quadrupole ACSMs (Q-ACSM) from the European ACTRIS ACSM network, one time-of-flight ACSM (ToF-ACSM), and one high-resolution ToF aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were operated in parallel for about 3 weeks in November and December similar to 2013. Part 1 of this study reports on the accuracy and precision of the instruments for all the measured species. In this work we report on the intercomparison of organic components and the results from factor analysis source apportionment by positive matrix factorisation (PMF) utilising the multilinear engine 2 (ME-2). Except for the organic contribution of mass-to-charge ratio m/z 44 to the total organics (f(44)), which varied by factors between 0.6 and 1.3 compared to the mean, the peaks in the organic mass spectra were similar among instruments. The m/z 44 differences in the spectra resulted in a variable f(44) in the source profiles extracted by ME-2, but had only a minor influence on the extracted mass contributions of the sources. The presented source apportionment yielded four factors for all 15 instruments: hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), cooking-related organic aerosol (COA), biomass burning-related organic aerosol (BBOA) and secondary oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA). ME-2 boundary conditions (profile constraints) were optimised individually by means of correlation to external data in order to achieve equivalent / comparable solutions for all ACSM instruments and the results are discussed together with the investigation of the influence of alternative anchors (reference profiles). A comparison of the ME-2 source apportionment output of all 15 instruments resulted in relative standard deviations (SD) from the mean between 13.7 and 22.7 % of the source's average mass contribution depen
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- 2015
21. ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison - Part 1
- Author
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University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Crenn, V., Sciare, J., Croteau, P. L., Verlhac, S., Froehlich, R., Belis, C. A., Aas, W., Äijälä, M., Alastuey, A., Artinano, B., Baisnee, D., Bonnaire, N., Bressi, M., Canagaratna, M., Canonaco, F., Carbone, C., Cavalli, F., Coz, E., Cubison, M. J., Esser-Gietl, J. K., Green, D. C., Gros, V., Heikkinen, L., Herrmann, H., Lunder, C., Minguillon, M. C., Mocnik, G., O'Dowd, C. D., Ovadnevaite, J., Petit, J. -E., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Riffault, V., Ripoll, A., Sarda-Esteve, R., Slowik, J. G., Setyan, A., Wiedensohler, A., Baltensperger, U., Prevot, A. S. H., Jayne, J. T., Favez, O., University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Crenn, V., Sciare, J., Croteau, P. L., Verlhac, S., Froehlich, R., Belis, C. A., Aas, W., Äijälä, M., Alastuey, A., Artinano, B., Baisnee, D., Bonnaire, N., Bressi, M., Canagaratna, M., Canonaco, F., Carbone, C., Cavalli, F., Coz, E., Cubison, M. J., Esser-Gietl, J. K., Green, D. C., Gros, V., Heikkinen, L., Herrmann, H., Lunder, C., Minguillon, M. C., Mocnik, G., O'Dowd, C. D., Ovadnevaite, J., Petit, J. -E., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Riffault, V., Ripoll, A., Sarda-Esteve, R., Slowik, J. G., Setyan, A., Wiedensohler, A., Baltensperger, U., Prevot, A. S. H., Jayne, J. T., and Favez, O.
- Abstract
As part of the European ACTRIS project, the first large Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (Q-ACSM) intercomparison study was conducted in the region of Paris for 3 weeks during the late-fall-early-winter period (November-December 2013). The first week was dedicated to the tuning and calibration of each instrument, whereas the second and third were dedicated to side-by-side comparison in ambient conditions with co-located instruments providing independent information on submicron aerosol optical, physical, and chemical properties. Near real-time measurements of the major chemical species (organic matter, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride) in the non-refractory submicron aerosols (NR-PM1) were obtained here from 13 Q-ACSM. The results show that these instruments can produce highly comparable and robust measurements of the NR-PM1 total mass and its major components. Taking the median of the 13 Q-ACSM as a reference for this study, strong correlations (r(2) > 0.9) were observed systematically for each individual Q-ACSM across all chemical families except for chloride for which three Q-ACSMs showing weak correlations partly due to the very low concentrations during the study. Reproducibility expanded uncertainties of Q-ACSM concentration measurements were determined using appropriate methodologies defined by the International Standard Organization (ISO 17025, 1999) and were found to be 9, 15, 19, 28, and 36% for NR-PM1, nitrate, organic matter, sulfate, and ammonium, respectively. However, discrepancies were observed in the relative concentrations of the constituent mass fragments for each chemical component. In particular, significant differences were observed for the organic fragment at mass-to-charge ratio 44, which is a key parameter describing the oxidation state of organic aerosol. Following this first major intercomparison exercise of a large number of Q-ACSMs, detailed intercomparison results are presented, along with a discussion of some reco
- Published
- 2015
22. Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol
- Author
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Hossaini, R., Chipperfield, M. P., Saiz-Lopez, A., Harrison, J. J., von Glasow, R., Sommariva, R., Atlas, E., Navarro, M., Montzka, S. A., Feng, W., Dhomse, S., Harth, C., Mühle, J., Lunder, C., O'Doherty, S., Young, D., Reimann, S., Vollmer, M. K., Krummel, P. B., Bernath, P. F., Hossaini, R., Chipperfield, M. P., Saiz-Lopez, A., Harrison, J. J., von Glasow, R., Sommariva, R., Atlas, E., Navarro, M., Montzka, S. A., Feng, W., Dhomse, S., Harth, C., Mühle, J., Lunder, C., O'Doherty, S., Young, D., Reimann, S., Vollmer, M. K., Krummel, P. B., and Bernath, P. F.
- Abstract
We have developed a chemical mechanism describing the tropospheric degradation of chlorine containing very short-lived substances (VSLS). The scheme was included in a global atmospheric model and used to quantify the stratospheric injection of chlorine from anthropogenic VSLS ( inline image) between 2005 and 2013. By constraining the model with surface measurements of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4), trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and 1,2-dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl), we infer a 2013 inline image mixing ratio of 123 parts per trillion (ppt). Stratospheric injection of source gases dominates this supply, accounting for ∼83% of the total. The remainder comes from VSLS-derived organic products, phosgene (COCl2, 7%) and formyl chloride (CHClO, 2%), and also hydrogen chloride (HCl, 8%). Stratospheric inline image increased by ∼52% between 2005 and 2013, with a mean growth rate of 3.7 ppt Cl/yr. This increase is due to recent and ongoing growth in anthropogenic CH2Cl2—the most abundant chlorinated VSLS not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.
- Published
- 2015
23. ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison - Part 1: Reproducibility of concentration and fragment results from 13 individual Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (Q-ACSM) and consistency with co-located instruments
- Author
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Crenn, V., Sciare, J., Croteau, P.L., Verlhac, S., Fröhlich, R., Belis, C.A., Aas, W., Äijälä, M., Alastuey, Andrés, Artíñano, Begoña, Baisnée, D., Bonnaire, N., Bressi, M., Canagaratna, M., Canonaco, F., Carbone, C., Cavalli, F., Coz, Esther, Cubison, M.J., Esser-Gietl, J.K., Green, D.C., Gros, V., Heikkinen, L., Herrmann, Hartmut, Lunder, C., Minguillón, María Cruz, Močnik, G., O'Dowd, Colin D., Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Petit, J.E., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Riffault, V., Ripoll, A., Sarda-Estève, R., Slowik, J.G., Setyan, A., Wiedensohler, Alfred, Baltensperger, U., Prévôt, André S.H., Jayne, J.T., Favez, O., Crenn, V., Sciare, J., Croteau, P.L., Verlhac, S., Fröhlich, R., Belis, C.A., Aas, W., Äijälä, M., Alastuey, Andrés, Artíñano, Begoña, Baisnée, D., Bonnaire, N., Bressi, M., Canagaratna, M., Canonaco, F., Carbone, C., Cavalli, F., Coz, Esther, Cubison, M.J., Esser-Gietl, J.K., Green, D.C., Gros, V., Heikkinen, L., Herrmann, Hartmut, Lunder, C., Minguillón, María Cruz, Močnik, G., O'Dowd, Colin D., Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Petit, J.E., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Riffault, V., Ripoll, A., Sarda-Estève, R., Slowik, J.G., Setyan, A., Wiedensohler, Alfred, Baltensperger, U., Prévôt, André S.H., Jayne, J.T., and Favez, O.
- Abstract
As part of the European ACTRIS project, the first large Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (Q-ACSM) intercomparison study was conducted in the region of Paris for 3 weeks during the late-fall - early-winter period (November-December 2013). The first week was dedicated to the tuning and calibration of each instrument, whereas the second and third were dedicated to side-by-side comparison in ambient conditions with co-located instruments providing independent information on submicron aerosol optical, physical, and chemical properties. Near real-time measurements of the major chemical species (organic matter, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride) in the non-refractory submicron aerosols (NR-PM) were obtained here from 13 Q-ACSM. The results show that these instruments can produce highly comparable and robust measurements of the NR-PM total mass and its major components. Taking the median of the 13 Q-ACSM as a reference for this study, strong correlations (r > 0.9) were observed systematically for each individual Q-ACSM across all chemical families except for chloride for which three Q-ACSMs showing weak correlations partly due to the very low concentrations during the study. Reproducibility expanded uncertainties of Q-ACSM concentration measurements were determined using appropriate methodologies defined by the International Standard Organization (ISO 17025, 1999) and were found to be 9, 15, 19, 28, and 36 % for NR-PM, nitrate, organic matter, sulfate, and ammonium, respectively. However, discrepancies were observed in the relative concentrations of the constituent mass fragments for each chemical component. In particular, significant differences were observed for the organic fragment at mass-to-charge ratio 44, which is a key parameter describing the oxidation state of organic aerosol. Following this first major intercomparison exercise of a large number of Q-ACSMs, detailed intercomparison results are presented, along with a discussion of some recomme
- Published
- 2015
24. ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison – Part 1: Reproducibility of concentration and fragment results from 13 individual Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (Q-ACSM) and consistency with co-located instruments
- Author
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Crenn, V., primary, Sciare, J., additional, Croteau, P. L., additional, Verlhac, S., additional, Fröhlich, R., additional, Belis, C. A., additional, Aas, W., additional, Äijälä, M., additional, Alastuey, A., additional, Artiñano, B., additional, Baisnée, D., additional, Bonnaire, N., additional, Bressi, M., additional, Canagaratna, M., additional, Canonaco, F., additional, Carbone, C., additional, Cavalli, F., additional, Coz, E., additional, Cubison, M. J., additional, Esser-Gietl, J. K., additional, Green, D. C., additional, Gros, V., additional, Heikkinen, L., additional, Herrmann, H., additional, Lunder, C., additional, Minguillón, M. C., additional, Močnik, G., additional, O'Dowd, C. D., additional, Ovadnevaite, J., additional, Petit, J.-E., additional, Petralia, E., additional, Poulain, L., additional, Priestman, M., additional, Riffault, V., additional, Ripoll, A., additional, Sarda-Estève, R., additional, Slowik, J. G., additional, Setyan, A., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, Prévôt, A. S. H., additional, Jayne, J. T., additional, and Favez, O., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes: Annual report 2010
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Myhre, C.L., Fiebig, M., Schmidbauer, N., Krognes, T., Stebel, K., Lunder, C., Fjæraa, A.M., and Hermansen, O.
- Subjects
Zeppelinobservatoriet ,Partikler ,Miljøovervåkning ,Halokarboner ,Langtransportert forurensning ,Arktis ,Birkenesobservatoriet ,Polare områder ,Klimagasser ,Drivhusgasser ,Trollobservatoriet ,Aerosoler/partikler ,Atmosfære og klima - Abstract
The report summaries the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin and observatory situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway during the period 2001-2010 and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2010. The monitoring programme is performed by the NILU ¿ Norwegian Institute for Air Research and funded by the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) (now Climate and Pollution Agency) and NILU ¿ Norwegian Institute for Air Research.
- Published
- 2012
26. Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH3CHF2) from in situ and air archive observations
- Author
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Simmonds, P. G., primary, Rigby, M., additional, Manning, A. J., additional, Lunt, M. F., additional, O'Doherty, S., additional, Young, D., additional, McCulloch, A., additional, Fraser, P. J., additional, Henne, S., additional, Vollmer, M. K., additional, Reimann, S., additional, Wenger, A., additional, Mühle, J., additional, Harth, C. M., additional, Salameh, P. K., additional, Arnold, T., additional, Weiss, R. F., additional, Krummel, P. B., additional, Steele, L. P., additional, Dunse, B. L., additional, Miller, B. R., additional, Lunder, C. R., additional, Hermansen, O., additional, Schmidbauer, N., additional, Saito, T., additional, Yokouchi, Y., additional, Park, S., additional, Li, S., additional, Yao, B., additional, Zhou, L. X., additional, Arduini, J., additional, Maione, M., additional, Wang, R. H. J., additional, and Prinn, R. G., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Supplementary material to "ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison – Part I: Reproducibility of concentration and fragment results from 13 individual Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (Q-ACSM) and consistency with Time-of-Flight ACSM (ToF-ACSM), High Resolution ToF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and other co-located instruments"
- Author
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Crenn, V., primary, Sciare, J., additional, Croteau, P. L., additional, Verlhac, S., additional, Fröhlich, R., additional, Belis, C. A., additional, Aas, W., additional, Äijälä, M., additional, Alastuey, A., additional, Artiñano, B., additional, Baisnée, D., additional, Bonnaire, N., additional, Bressi, M., additional, Canagaratna, M., additional, Canonaco, F., additional, Carbone, C., additional, Cavalli, F., additional, Coz, E., additional, Cubison, M. J., additional, Esser-Gietl, J. K., additional, Green, D. C., additional, Gros, V., additional, Heikkinen, L., additional, Herrmann, H., additional, Lunder, C., additional, Minguillón, M. C., additional, Močnik, G., additional, O'Dowd, C. D., additional, Ovadnevaite, J., additional, Petit, J.-E., additional, Petralia, E., additional, Poulain, L., additional, Priestman, M., additional, Riffault, V., additional, Ripoll, A., additional, Sarda-Estève, R., additional, Slowik, J. G., additional, Setyan, A., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, Prévôt, A. S. H., additional, Jayne, J. T., additional, and Favez, O., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison – Part I: Reproducibility of concentration and fragment results from 13 individual Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (Q-ACSM) and consistency with Time-of-Flight ACSM (ToF-ACSM), High Resolution ToF Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and other co-located instruments
- Author
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Crenn, V., primary, Sciare, J., additional, Croteau, P. L., additional, Verlhac, S., additional, Fröhlich, R., additional, Belis, C. A., additional, Aas, W., additional, Äijälä, M., additional, Alastuey, A., additional, Artiñano, B., additional, Baisnée, D., additional, Bonnaire, N., additional, Bressi, M., additional, Canagaratna, M., additional, Canonaco, F., additional, Carbone, C., additional, Cavalli, F., additional, Coz, E., additional, Cubison, M. J., additional, Esser-Gietl, J. K., additional, Green, D. C., additional, Gros, V., additional, Heikkinen, L., additional, Herrmann, H., additional, Lunder, C., additional, Minguillón, M. C., additional, Močnik, G., additional, O'Dowd, C. D., additional, Ovadnevaite, J., additional, Petit, J.-E., additional, Petralia, E., additional, Poulain, L., additional, Priestman, M., additional, Riffault, V., additional, Ripoll, A., additional, Sarda-Estève, R., additional, Slowik, J. G., additional, Setyan, A., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, Prévôt, A. S. H., additional, Jayne, J. T., additional, and Favez, O., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison – Part 2: Intercomparison of ME-2 organic source apportionment results from 15 individual, co-located aerosol mass spectrometers
- Author
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Fröhlich, R., primary, Crenn, V., additional, Setyan, A., additional, Belis, C. A., additional, Canonaco, F., additional, Favez, O., additional, Riffault, V., additional, Slowik, J. G., additional, Aas, W., additional, Aijälä, M., additional, Alastuey, A., additional, Artiñano, B., additional, Bonnaire, N., additional, Bozzetti, C., additional, Bressi, M., additional, Carbone, C., additional, Coz, E., additional, Croteau, P. L., additional, Cubison, M. J., additional, Esser-Gietl, J. K., additional, Green, D. C., additional, Gros, V., additional, Heikkinen, L., additional, Herrmann, H., additional, Jayne, J. T., additional, Lunder, C. R., additional, Minguillón, M. C., additional, Močnik, G., additional, O'Dowd, C. D., additional, Ovadnevaite, J., additional, Petralia, E., additional, Poulain, L., additional, Priestman, M., additional, Ripoll, A., additional, Sarda-Estève, R., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, Sciare, J., additional, and Prévôt, A. S. H., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short‐lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol
- Author
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Hossaini, R., primary, Chipperfield, M. P., additional, Saiz‐Lopez, A., additional, Harrison, J. J., additional, Glasow, R., additional, Sommariva, R., additional, Atlas, E., additional, Navarro, M., additional, Montzka, S. A., additional, Feng, W., additional, Dhomse, S., additional, Harth, C., additional, Mühle, J., additional, Lunder, C., additional, O'Doherty, S., additional, Young, D., additional, Reimann, S., additional, Vollmer, M. K., additional, Krummel, P. B., additional, and Bernath, P. F., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Global HCFC-22 measurements with MIPAS: retrieval, validation, climatologies and trends
- Author
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Chirkov, M., primary, Stiller, G. P., additional, Laeng, A., additional, Kellmann, S., additional, von Clarmann, T., additional, Boone, C., additional, Elkins, J. W., additional, Engel, A., additional, Glatthor, N., additional, Grabowski, U., additional, Harth, C. M., additional, Kiefer, M., additional, Kolonjari, F., additional, Krummel, P. B., additional, Linden, A., additional, Lunder, C. R., additional, Miller, B. R., additional, Montzka, S. A., additional, Mühle, J., additional, O'Doherty, S., additional, Orphal, J., additional, Prinn, R. G., additional, Toon, G., additional, Vollmer, M. K., additional, Walker, K. A., additional, Weiss, R. F., additional, Wiegele, A., additional, and Young, D., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Supplementary material to "ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison – Part 2: Intercomparison of ME-2 organic source apportionment results from 15 individual, co-located aerosol mass spectrometers"
- Author
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Fröhlich, R., primary, Crenn, V., additional, Setyan, A., additional, Belis, C. A., additional, Canonaco, F., additional, Favez, O., additional, Riffault, V., additional, Slowik, J. G., additional, Aas, W., additional, Aijälä, M., additional, Alastuey, A., additional, Artiñano, B., additional, Bonnaire, N., additional, Bozzetti, C., additional, Bressi, M., additional, Carbone, C., additional, Coz, E., additional, Croteau, P. L., additional, Cubison, M. J., additional, Esser-Gietl, J. K., additional, Green, D. C., additional, Gros, V., additional, Heikkinen, L., additional, Herrmann, H., additional, Jayne, J. T., additional, Lunder, C. R., additional, Minguillón, M. C., additional, Močnik, G., additional, O'Dowd, C. D., additional, Ovadnevaite, J., additional, Petralia, E., additional, Poulain, L., additional, Priestman, M., additional, Ripoll, A., additional, Sarda-Estève, R., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, Sciare, J., additional, and Prévôt, A. S. H., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Greenhouse monitoring at the Zeppelin station - annual report 2008
- Author
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Fjæraa, A.M., Lunder, C., Schmidbauer, N., Stebel, K., Prata, F., Myhre, C.L., and Hermansen, O.
- Subjects
Zeppelinobservatoriet ,Partikler ,Klimaendringer ,Miljøovervåkning ,Halokarboner ,Arktis ,Polare områder ,Klimagasser ,Drivhusgasser ,Atmosfære og klima ,Drivhusgasser, Partikler, Arktis, Halokarboner - Abstract
The report summaries the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin observatory situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway during the period 2001-2008.The monitoring programme is performed by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) and funded by the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) (now Climate and Pollution Agency) andNorwegianInstitute for Air Research (NILU).
- Published
- 2010
34. Annual cycle of Antarctic baseline aerosol : controlled by photooxidation-limited aerosol formation
- Author
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Fiebig, M., Hirdman, David, Lunder, C. R., Ogren, J. A., Solberg, S., Stohl, A., Thompson, R. L., Fiebig, M., Hirdman, David, Lunder, C. R., Ogren, J. A., Solberg, S., Stohl, A., and Thompson, R. L.
- Abstract
This article investigates the annual cycle observed in the Antarctic baseline aerosol scattering coefficient, total particle number concentration, and particle number size distribution (PNSD), as measured at Troll Atmospheric Observatory. Mie theory shows that the annual cycles in microphysical and optical aerosol properties have a common cause. By comparison with observations at other Antarctic stations, it is shown that the annual cycle is not a local phenomenon, but common to central Antarctic baseline air masses. Observations of ground-level ozone at Troll as well as backward plume calculations for the air masses arriving at Troll demonstrate that the baseline air masses originate from the free troposphere and lower stratosphere region, and descend over the central Antarctic continent. The Antarctic summer PNSD is dominated by particles with diameters < 100 nm recently formed from the gas-phase despite the absence of external sources of condensible gases. The total particle volume in Antarctic baseline aerosol is linearly correlated with the integral insolation the aerosol received on its transport pathway, and the photooxidative production of particle volume is mostly limited by photooxidative capacity, not availability of aerosol precursor gases. The photooxidative particle volume formation rate in central Antarctic baseline air is quantified to 207 +/- 4 mu m(3)/(MJ m). Further research is proposed to investigate the applicability of this number to other atmospheric reservoirs, and to use the observed annual cycle in Antarctic baseline aerosol properties as a benchmark for the representation of natural atmospheric aerosol processes in climate models.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin station, Svalbard, Norway. Annual report 2007
- Author
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Lunder, C., Schmidbauer, N., Stebel, K, Ström, J., Revilla, V.E.C., Myhre, C.L., Hermansen, O., and Fjæraa, A.M.
- Subjects
Zeppelinobservatoriet ,Partikler ,Klimaendringer ,Miljøovervåkning ,Halokarboner ,Arktis ,Polare områder ,Klimagasser ,Drivhusgasser ,Atmosfære og klima - Published
- 2009
36. Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe in spring 2006
- Author
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Stohl, A., Berg, T., John Burkhart, Fjæraa, A. M., Forster, C., Herber, A., Hov, Ø., Lunder, C., Mcmillan, W. W., Oltmans, S., Shiobara, M., Simpson, D., Solberg, S., Stebel, K., Ström, J., Tørseth, K., Treffeisen, R., Virkkunen, K., Yttri, K. E., Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), University of California, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Applied Environmental Science [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Arctic Centre, and Department of Chemistry
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere - Abstract
International audience; In spring 2006, the European Arctic was abnormally warm, setting new historical temperature records. During this warm period, smoke from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe intruded into the European Arctic and caused the most severe air pollution episodes ever recorded there. This paper confirms that biomass burning (BB) was indeed the source of the observed air pollution, studies the transport of the smoke into the Arctic, and presents an overview of the observations taken during the episode. Fire detections from the MODIS instruments aboard the Aqua and Terra satellites were used to estimate the BB emissions. The FLEXPART particle dispersion model was used to show that the smoke was transported to Spitsbergen and Iceland, which was confirmed by MODIS retrievals of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and AIRS retrievals of carbon monoxide (CO) total columns. Concentrations of halocarbons, carbon dioxide and CO, as well as levoglucosan and potassium, measured at Zeppelin mountain near Ny Ålesund, were used to further corroborate the BB source of the smoke at Spitsbergen. The ozone (O3) and CO concentrations were the highest ever observed at the Zeppelin station, and gaseous elemental mercury was also elevated. A new O3 record was also set at a station on Iceland. The smoke was strongly absorbing ? black carbon concentrations were the highest ever recorded at Zeppelin ? and strongly perturbed the radiation transmission in the atmosphere: aerosol optical depths were the highest ever measured at Ny Ålesund. We furthermore discuss the aerosol chemical composition, obtained from filter samples, as well as the aerosol size distribution during the smoke event. Photographs show that the snow at a glacier on Spitsbergen became discolored during the episode and, thus, the snow albedo was reduced. Samples of this polluted snow contained strongly elevated levels of potassium, sulphate, nitrate and ammonium ions, thus relating the discoloration to the deposition of the smoke aerosols. This paper shows that, to date, BB has been underestimated as a source of aerosol and air pollution for the Arctic, relative to emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Given its significant impact on air quality over large spatial scales and on radiative processes, the practice of agricultural waste burning should be banned in the future.
- Published
- 2007
37. Arctic smoke ? record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe
- Author
-
Stohl, A., Berg, T., Burkhart, J. F., Fjæraa, A. M., Forster, C., Herber, A., Hov, Ø., Lunder, C., Mcmillan, W. W., Oltmans, S., Shiobara, M., Simpson, D., Solberg, S., Stebel, K., StrÖm, J., Tørseth, K., Treffeisen, R., Virkkunen, K., Yttri, K. E., Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), University of California, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Applied Environmental Science [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Arctic Centre, and Department of Chemistry
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere - Abstract
International audience; In spring 2006, the European Arctic was abnormally warm, setting new historical temperature records. During this warm period, smoke from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe intruded into the European Arctic and caused the most severe air pollution episodes ever recorded there. This paper confirms that biomass burning (BB) was indeed the source of the observed air pollution, studies the transport of the smoke into the Arctic, and presents an overview of the observations taken during the episode. Fire detections from the MODIS instruments aboard the Aqua and Terra satellites were used to estimate the BB emissions. The FLEXPART particle dispersion model was used to show that the smoke was transported to Spitsbergen and Iceland, which was confirmed by MODIS retrievals of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and AIRS retrievals of carbon monoxide (CO) total columns. Concentrations of halocarbons, carbon dioxide and CO, as well as levoglucosan and potassium, measured at Zeppelin mountain near Ny Ålesund, were used to further corroborate the BB source of the smoke at Spitsbergen. The ozone (O3) and CO concentrations were the highest ever observed at the Zeppelin station, and gaseous elemental mercury was also enhanced. A new O3 record was also set at a station on Iceland. The smoke was strongly absorbing ? black carbon concentrations were the highest ever recorded at Zeppelin ?, and strongly perturbed the radiation transmission in the atmosphere: aerosol optical depths were the highest ever measured at Ny Ålesund. We furthermore discuss the aerosol chemical composition, obtained from filter samples, as well as the aerosol size distribution during the smoke event. Photographs show that the snow at a glacier on Spitsbergen became discolored during the episode and, thus, the snow albedo was reduced. Samples of this polluted snow contained strongly enhanced levels of potassium, sulphate, nitrate and ammonium ions, thus relating the discoloration to the deposition of the smoke aerosols. This paper shows that, to date, BB has been underestimated as a source of aerosol and air pollution for the Arctic, relative to emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Given its significant impact on air quality over large spatial scales and on radiative processes, the practice of agricultural waste burning should be banned in the future.
- Published
- 2006
38. DMPS/SMPS intercomparison in terms of particle sizing:Reports on BACCI activities
- Author
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Massling, Andreas, Löndahl, J., Swietlicki, E., Ketzel, Matthias, Jensen, M., Wåhlin, Peter, Bilde, M., Kristensson, M., Hansson, H.-C., Ströhm, J., Jonsson, A., Hallquist, M., and Lunder, C.
- Published
- 2006
39. An easy set up for intercalibration of DMPS/SMPS systems in terms of particle sizing and total particle number
- Author
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Andreas Massling, Löndahl, J., Matthias KETZEL, Jensen, M., Wahlin, P., Merete Bilde, Rosenbohm, E., C Hansson, H., Hallquist, M., Lunder, C., and Swietlicki, E.
- Published
- 2005
40. Global emissions of HFC-143a (CH<sub>3</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>) and HFC-32 (CH<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) from in situ and air archive atmospheric observations
- Author
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O'Doherty, S., primary, Rigby, M., additional, Mühle, J., additional, Ivy, D. J., additional, Miller, B. R., additional, Young, D., additional, Simmonds, P. G., additional, Reimann, S., additional, Vollmer, M. K., additional, Krummel, P. B., additional, Fraser, P. J., additional, Steele, L. P., additional, Dunse, B., additional, Salameh, P. K., additional, Harth, C. M., additional, Arnold, T., additional, Weiss, R. F., additional, Kim, J., additional, Park, S., additional, Li, S., additional, Lunder, C., additional, Hermansen, O., additional, Schmidbauer, N., additional, Zhou, L. X., additional, Yao, B., additional, Wang, R. H. J., additional, Manning, A. J., additional, and Prinn, R. G., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Corrigendum to "Global and regional emission estimates for HCFC-22", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10033–10050, 2012
- Author
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Saikawa, E., primary, Rigby, M., additional, Prinn, R. G., additional, Montzka, S. A., additional, Miller, B. R., additional, Kuijpers, L. J. M., additional, Fraser, P. J. B., additional, Vollmer, M. K., additional, Saito, T., additional, Yokouchi, Y., additional, Harth, C. M., additional, M.ühle, J., additional, Weiss, R. F., additional, Salameh, P. K., additional, Kim, J., additional, Li, S., additional, Park, S., additional, Kim, K.-R., additional, Young, D., additional, O'Doherty, S., additional, Simmonds, P. G., additional, McCulloch, A., additional, Krummel, P. B., additional, Steele, L. P., additional, Lunder, C., additional, Hermansen, O., additional, Maione, M., additional, Arduini, J., additional, Yao, B., additional, Zhou, L. X., additional, Wang, H. J., additional, Elkins, J. W., additional, and Hall, B., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Annual cycle of Antarctic baseline aerosol: controlled by photooxidation-limited aerosol formation
- Author
-
Fiebig, M., primary, Hirdman, D., additional, Lunder, C. R., additional, Ogren, J. A., additional, Solberg, S., additional, Stohl, A., additional, and Thompson, R. L., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Supplementary material to "Global emissions of HFC-143a (CH3CF3) and HFC-32 (CH2F2) from in situ and air archive atmospheric observations"
- Author
-
O'Doherty, S., primary, Rigby, M., additional, Mühle, J., additional, Ivy, D. J., additional, Miller, B. R., additional, Young, D., additional, Simmonds, P. G., additional, Reimann, S., additional, Vollmer, M. K., additional, Krummel, P. B., additional, Fraser, P. J., additional, Steele, L. P., additional, Dunse, B., additional, Salameh, P. K., additional, Harth, C. M., additional, Arnold, T., additional, Weiss, R. F., additional, Kim, J., additional, Park, S., additional, Li, S., additional, Lunder, C., additional, Hermansen, O., additional, Schmidbauer, N., additional, Zhou, L. X., additional, Yao, B., additional, Wang, R. H. J., additional, Manning, A. J., additional, and Prinn, R. G., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Climate gas monitoring at the Zeppelin station. Annual report 2001
- Author
-
Stordal, F., Lunder, C., Braathen, O.-A., Holmén, K., Hermansen, O., and Schmidbauer, N.
- Subjects
Zeppelinobservatoriet ,Klimaendringer ,Miljøovervåkning ,Klimagasser - Abstract
The report summarises the activities and results of the climate monitoring at the Zeppelin station situated on Svalbard in arctic Norway during year 2001. The measurement programme is performed by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) and funded by the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT).
- Published
- 2002
45. Global and regional emission estimates for HCFC-22
- Author
-
Saikawa, E., Rigby, M., Prinn, R.G., Montzka, S.A., Miller, B.R., Kuijpers, L.J.M., Fraser, P.J.B., Vollmer, M.K., Saito, T., Yokouchi, Y., Harth, C.M., Muhle, J., Weiss, R.F., Salameh, P.K., Kim, J., Li, S., Park, S., Kim, K.R., Young, D., O'Doherty, S., Simmonds, P.G., McCulloch, A., Krummel, P.B., Steele, L.P., Lunder, C., Hermansen, O., Maione, M., Arduini, J., Yao, B., Zhou, L.X., Wang, H.J., Elkins, J.W., Hall, B., Saikawa, E., Rigby, M., Prinn, R.G., Montzka, S.A., Miller, B.R., Kuijpers, L.J.M., Fraser, P.J.B., Vollmer, M.K., Saito, T., Yokouchi, Y., Harth, C.M., Muhle, J., Weiss, R.F., Salameh, P.K., Kim, J., Li, S., Park, S., Kim, K.R., Young, D., O'Doherty, S., Simmonds, P.G., McCulloch, A., Krummel, P.B., Steele, L.P., Lunder, C., Hermansen, O., Maione, M., Arduini, J., Yao, B., Zhou, L.X., Wang, H.J., Elkins, J.W., and Hall, B.
- Abstract
HCFC-22 (CHClF2, chlorodifluoromethane) is an ozone-depleting substance (ODS) as well as a significant greenhouse gas (GHG). HCFC-22 has been used widely as a refrigerant fluid in cooling and air-conditioning equipment since the 1960s, and it has also served as a traditional substitute for some chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) controlled under the Montreal Protocol. A low frequency record on tropospheric HCFC-22 since the late 1970s is available from measurements of the Southern Hemisphere Cape Grim Air Archive (CGAA) and a few Northern Hemisphere air samples (mostly from Trinidad Head) using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) instrumentation and calibrations. Since the 1990s high-frequency, high-precision, in situ HCFC-22 measurements have been collected at these AGAGE stations. Since 1992, the Global Monitoring Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) has also collected flasks on a weekly basis from remote sites across the globe and analyzed them for a suite of halocarbons including HCFC-22. Additionally, since 2006 flasks have been collected approximately daily at a number of tower sites across the US and analyzed for halocarbons and other gases at NOAA. All results show an increase in the atmospheric mole fractions of HCFC-22, and recent data show a growth rate of approximately 4% per year, resulting in an increase in the background atmospheric mole fraction by a factor of 1.7 from 1995 to 2009. Using data on HCFC-22 consumption submitted to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), as well as existing bottom-up emission estimates, we first create globally-gridded a priori HCFC-22 emissions over the 15 yr since 1995. We then use the three-dimensional chemical transport model, Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART v4), and a Bayesian inverse method to estimate global as well as regional annual emissions. Our inversion indicates that the global HCFC
- Published
- 2012
46. Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers : result of two intercomparison workshops
- Author
-
Mueller, T., Henzing, J. S., de Leeuw, G., Wiedensohler, A., Alastuey, A., Angelov, H., Bizjak, M., Coen, M. Collaud, Engström, J. E., Gruening, C., Hillamo, R., Hoffer, A., Imre, K., Ivanow, P., Jennings, G., Sun, J. Y., Kalivitis, N., Karlsson, Hans, Komppula, M., Laj, P., Li, S-M, Lunder, C., Marinoni, A., dos Santos, S. Martins, Moerman, M., Nowak, A., Ogren, J. A., Petzold, A., Pichon, J. M., Rodriquez, S., Sharma, S., Sheridan, P. J., Teinila, K., Tuch, T., Viana, M., Virkkula, A., Weingartner, E., Wilhelm, R., Wang, Y. Q., Mueller, T., Henzing, J. S., de Leeuw, G., Wiedensohler, A., Alastuey, A., Angelov, H., Bizjak, M., Coen, M. Collaud, Engström, J. E., Gruening, C., Hillamo, R., Hoffer, A., Imre, K., Ivanow, P., Jennings, G., Sun, J. Y., Kalivitis, N., Karlsson, Hans, Komppula, M., Laj, P., Li, S-M, Lunder, C., Marinoni, A., dos Santos, S. Martins, Moerman, M., Nowak, A., Ogren, J. A., Petzold, A., Pichon, J. M., Rodriquez, S., Sharma, S., Sheridan, P. J., Teinila, K., Tuch, T., Viana, M., Virkkula, A., Weingartner, E., Wilhelm, R., and Wang, Y. Q.
- Abstract
Absorption photometers for real time application have been available since the 1980s, but the use of filter-based instruments to derive information on aerosol properties (absorption coefficient and black carbon, BC) is still a matter of debate. Several workshops have been conducted to investigate the performance of individual instruments over the intervening years. Two workshops with large sets of aerosol absorption photometers were conducted in 2005 and 2007. The data from these instruments were corrected using existing methods before further analysis. The inter-comparison shows a large variation between the responses to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments. The unit to unit variability between instruments can be up to 30% for Particle Soot Absorption Photometers (PSAPs) and Aethalometers. Multi Angle Absorption Photometers (MAAPs) showed a variability of less than 5%. Reasons for the high variability were identified to be variations in sample flow and spot size. It was observed that different flow rates influence system performance with respect to response to absorption and instrumental noise. Measurements with non absorbing particles showed that the current corrections of a cross sensitivity to particle scattering are not sufficient. Remaining cross sensitivities were found to be a function of the total particle load on the filter. The large variation between the response to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments indicates that current correction functions for absorption photometers are not adequate., authorCount :39
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: Result of two intercomparison workshops
- Author
-
Müller, T., Henzing, J.S., De Leeuw, G., Wiedensohler, Alfred, Alastuey, Andrés, Angelov, H., Bizjak, M., Collaud Coen, M., Engström, J.E., Gruening, C., Hillamo, R., Hoffer, A., Imre, K., Ivanow, P., Jennings, G., Sun, J. Y., Kalivitis, Nikos, Karlsson, H., Komppula, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Lunder, C., Marinoni, A., Martins Dos Santos, Sebastiao, Moerman, M., Nowak, A., Ogren, J.A., Petzold, A., Pichon, J.M., Rodriquez, S., Sharma, S., Sheridan, P.J., Teinilä, K., Tuch, T., Viana, Mar, Virkkula, A., Weingartner, E., Wilhelm, R., Wang, Y.Q., Müller, T., Henzing, J.S., De Leeuw, G., Wiedensohler, Alfred, Alastuey, Andrés, Angelov, H., Bizjak, M., Collaud Coen, M., Engström, J.E., Gruening, C., Hillamo, R., Hoffer, A., Imre, K., Ivanow, P., Jennings, G., Sun, J. Y., Kalivitis, Nikos, Karlsson, H., Komppula, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Lunder, C., Marinoni, A., Martins Dos Santos, Sebastiao, Moerman, M., Nowak, A., Ogren, J.A., Petzold, A., Pichon, J.M., Rodriquez, S., Sharma, S., Sheridan, P.J., Teinilä, K., Tuch, T., Viana, Mar, Virkkula, A., Weingartner, E., Wilhelm, R., and Wang, Y.Q.
- Abstract
Absorption photometers for real time application have been available since the 1980s, but the use of filter-based instruments to derive information on aerosol properties (absorption coefficient and black carbon, BC) is still a matter of debate. Several workshops have been conducted to investigate the performance of individual instruments over the intervening years. Two workshops with large sets of aerosol absorption photometers were conducted in 2005 and 2007. The data from these instruments were corrected using existing methods before further analysis. The inter-comparison shows a large variation between the responses to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments. The unit to unit variability between instruments can be up to 30% for Particle Soot Absorption Photometers (PSAPs) and Aethalometers. Multi Angle Absorption Photometers (MAAPs) showed a variability of less than 5%. Reasons for the high variability were identified to be variations in sample flow and spot size. It was observed that different flow rates influence system performance with respect to response to absorption and instrumental noise. Measurements with non absorbing particles showed that the current corrections of a cross sensitivity to particle scattering are not sufficient. Remaining cross sensitivities were found to be a function of the total particle load on the filter. The large variation between the response to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments indicates that current correction functions for absorption photometers are not adequate. © Author(s) 2011.
- Published
- 2011
48. Metode for analyse av nikotin i innemiljø. Indikator på tobakksrøyk i restaurant- og annen næring
- Author
-
Lunder, C.
- Subjects
Nikotinanalyse ,Tobakksrøyk ,Prøvetaking - Abstract
Arbeidet har bestått i å vidreutvikle en eksiterende metode for analyse av nikotin i innemiljø, med fokus på restauranter og andre serveringsteder. Metoden som er utviklet ble basert på prøvetaking med adsorbsjonsrør fylt med Tenax TA og analysen ble utført med termodesorbsjon og gasskromatograf koplet til et massespektrometer (GC-MS). Arbeidet viste at metoden var egnet til å bestemme mengde nikotin i innemiljø når prøvetakingen ble ytført ved bruk av pumpe til å trekke luft gjennom adsorbsjonsrøret (aktiv prøvetaking). Det ble vist at adsorbsjonsrørene ikke var egnet til passiv prøvetaking av nikotin da disse ga for stor spredning (standard avvik) i målingene. Bruk av adsorbsjonsrør av glass viste bedre resultater enn ved bruk av rustfritt stål. Deltakelse i den første norske stor-skala undersøkelse på nikotin viste at glassrør kan benyttes i felt. Metoden tok i bruk isotopmerket intern standard (deuterert nikotin) som styrket metoden på det kvantitative sammenliknet kvantifisering ved bruk av ekstern standard.
- Published
- 1999
49. Annual cycle of Antarctic baseline aerosol: controlled by photooxidation-limited aerosol formation
- Author
-
Fiebig, M., primary, Hirdman, D., additional, Lunder, C. R., additional, Ogren, J. A., additional, Solberg, S., additional, and Stohl, A., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Long-term monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the Norwegian Troll station in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
- Author
-
Kallenborn, R., primary, Breivik, K., additional, Eckhardt, S., additional, Lunder, C. R., additional, Manø, S., additional, Schlabach, M., additional, and Stohl, A., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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