16 results on '"Lumia, Mirka"'
Search Results
2. Prophylactic Intravenous Acetaminophen in Extremely Premature Infants: Minimum Effective Dose Research by Bayesian Approach.
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Bouazza, Naïm, Cambonie, Gilles, Flamant, Cyril, Rideau, Aline, Tauzin, Manon, Patkai, Juliana, Gascoin, Géraldine, Lumia, Mirka, Aikio, Outi, Lui, Gabrielle, Bournaud, Léo Froelicher, Walsh-Papageorgiou, Aisling, Tortigue, Marine, Baruteau, Alban-Elouen, Kallio, Jaana, Hallman, Mikko, Diallo, Alpha, Levoyer, Léa, Treluyer, Jean-Marc, and Roze, Jean-Christophe
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ACETAMINOPHEN ,PREMATURE infants ,NEONATAL intensive care units ,DIASTOLIC blood pressure ,PLACENTAL growth factor ,PATENT ductus arteriosus ,SYSTOLIC blood pressure ,ASPARTATE aminotransferase - Abstract
Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants is associated with increased morbidities and mortality. Prophylactic treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors, as indomethacin or ibuprofen, failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefits. Acetaminophen may represent an alternative treatment option. Objective: This study evaluated the minimum effective dose of prophylactic acetaminophen to close the ductus and assessed the safety and tolerability profile in extremely preterm infants at 23–26 weeks of gestation. Methods: A dose finding trial with Bayesian continual reassessment method was performed in a multicenter study with premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit. Infants of 23–26 weeks of gestation and post-natal age ≤ 12 h were enrolled. Four intravenous acetaminophen dose levels were predefined. The primary outcome was the ductus arteriosus closing at two consecutive echocardiographies or at day 7. The main secondary objectives included the safety of acetaminophen on hemodynamics and biological hepatic function. Results: A total of 29 patients were analyzed sequentially for the primary analysis with 20 infants assigned to the first dose level followed by 9 infants to the second dose level. No further dose level increase was necessary. The posterior probabilities of success, estimated from the Bayesian logistic model, were 46.1% [95% probability interval (PI), 24.9–63.9] and 67.6% (95% PI, 51.5–77.9) for dose level 1 and 2, respectively. A closing or closed pattern was observed among 19 patients at the end of treatment [65.5% (95% confidence interval (CI), 45.7–82.0)]. No change in alanine aminotransferase values was observed during treatment. A significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase values was observed with postnatal age. No change in systolic and diastolic blood pressures was observed during treatment. Conclusions: Minimum effective dose to close the ductus was 25 mg/kg loading dose then 10 mg/kg/6 h for 5 days in extremely preterm infants. Acetaminophen was well tolerated in this study following these doses. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04459117. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Food consumption and risk of childhood asthma
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Lumia, Mirka, Takkinen, Hanna-Mari, Luukkainen, Päivi, Kaila, Minna, Lehtinen-Jacks, Susanna, Nwaru, Bright I., Tuokkola, Jetta, Niemelä, Onni, Haapala, Anna-Maija, Ilonen, Jorma, Simell, Olli, Knip, Mikael, Veijola, Riitta, and Virtanen, Suvi M.
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- 2015
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4. Dietary fatty acid composition during pregnancy and the risk of asthma in the offspring
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Lumia, Mirka, Luukkainen, Päivi, Tapanainen, Heli, Kaila, Minna, Erkkola, Maijaliisa, Uusitalo, Liisa, Niinistö, Sari, Kenward, Michael G., Ilonen, Jorma, Simell, Olli, Knip, Mikael, Veijola, Riitta, and Virtanen, Suvi M.
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- 2011
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5. Validation of the Finnish ISAAC questionnaire on asthma against anti-asthmatic medication reimbursement database in 5-year-old children
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Nwaru, Bright Ibeabughichi, Lumia, Mirka, Kaila, Minna, Luukkainen, Päivi, Tapanainen, Heli, Erkkola, Maijaliisa, Ahonen, Suvi, Pekkanen, Juha, Klaukka, Timo, Veijola, Riitta, Simell, Olli, Knip, Mikael, and Virtanen, Suvi Mirjami
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- 2011
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6. Maternal diet during lactation and allergic sensitization in the offspring at age of 5
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Nwaru, Bright I., Erkkola, Maijaliisa, Ahonen, Suvi, Kaila, Minna, Lumia, Mirka, Prasad, Marianne, Haapala, Anna-Maija, Kronberg-Kippilä, Carina, Veijola, Riitta, Ilonen, Jorma, Simell, Olli, Knip, Mikael, and Virtanen, Suvi M.
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- 2011
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7. Cowʼs milk allergy and the association between fatty acids and childhood asthma risk
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Lumia, Mirka, Luukkainen, Päivi, Takkinen, Hanna-Mari, Kaila, Minna, Nwaru, Bright I., Nevalainen, Jaakko, Salminen, Irma, Uusitalo, Liisa, Niinistö, Sari, Tuokkola, Jetta, Niemelä, Onni, Haapala, Anna-Maija, Ilonen, Jorma, Simell, Olli, Knip, Mikael, Veijola, Riitta, and Virtanen, Suvi M.
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- 2014
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8. Children With Intestinal Failure Undergoing Intestinal Rehabilitation Are at Risk for Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency
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Gunnar, Riikka, primary, Lumia, Mirka, additional, Pakarinen, Mikko, additional, and Merras-Salmio, Laura, additional
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- 2018
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9. Varhainen ravitsemus ja lapsuusiän astma
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Lumia, Mirka, Terveystieteiden yksikkö - School of Health Sciences, and University of Tampere
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lehmänmaitoallergia ,Epidemiologia - Epidemiology ,astma ,rasvahapot ,asthma ,fatty acids ,cow's milk allergy ,Ravitsemus ,Diet - Abstract
Varhainen ravitsemus ja lapsuusiän astma Astma on lasten yleisin krooninen sairaus ja siihen liittyy voimakas perinnöllinen alttius. Perinnölliset tekijät muuttuvat kuitenkin hitaasti eivätkä yksinään riitä selittämään astman esiintyvyyden nopeaa kasvua teollistuneissa maissa viime vuosikymmeninä. Astmaan sairastumiseen vaikuttaa perinnöllisen alttiuden lisäksi ympäristö. Varhainen ravitsemus on tutkimuksissa nostettu esille yhtenä merkittävänä astman riskiin mahdollisesti vaikuttavana tekijänä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää äidin raskauden- ja imetyksen aikaisen ravitsemuksen sekä imeväis- ja lapsuusiän (5 vuoden ikään saakka) ruokavalion (sisältäen maidottoman ruokavalion lehmänmaitoallergisilla) yhteyttä lapsuusiän astman riskiin. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli selvittää voidaanko seerumin rasvahappoprofiilin eroilla (1-5 vuoden iässä) ennustaa lapsen tulevaa astmariskiä. Äidin raskaudenaikainen omega-3 monityydyttymättömien rasvahappojen saanti oli yhteydessä pienempään riskiin sairastua lapsuusiän astmaan. Omega-6 rasvahappoihin kuuluvan arakidonihapon (20:4n-6) saanti puolestaan oli yhteydessä suurempaan astmariskiin. Lapsen lehmänmaitoallergiadiagnoosi rajoitti merkittävästi ruokavaliota aina neljän vuoden ikään saakka. Runsas lehmänmaitotuotteiden käyttö lapsuusiässä näytti suojaavan atooppiselta eli IgE-positiiviselta astmalta. Runsas rintamaidon ja kauran käyttö vähensi riskiä ei-atooppiseen eli IgE-negatiiviseen astmaan. Myös varhainen aloitettu kalan syönti vähensi lapsuusiän astmariskiä. Lehmänmaitoallergisten lasten seerumin rasvahappoprofiilit erosivat samanikäisten, maitotuotteita käyttävien ikätovereiden rasvahappoprofiileista ja useiden ruokien puuttuminen lehmänmaitoallergisten ruokavaliosta lisäsi näitä eroja entisestään. Korkea seerumin omega-3 rasvahappoihin kuuluvan eikosapentaeenihapon EPA:n (20:5n-3) osuus vähensi riskiä sairastua myöhempään astmaan, etenkin ei-atooppiseen astmaan. Korkea linolihapon (18:2n-6) ja omega-6 monityydyttymättömien rasvahappojen osuus lisäsi riskiä sairastua atooppiseen astmaan. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset puoltavat sitä, että varhainen ravitsemus vaikuttaa lapsuusiän astmariskiin. Jo raskaudenaikainen ruokavalio oli yhteydessä lapsen riskiin sairastua astmaan. Tutkimus tukee nykyistä käsitystä siitä, että äidin imetyksenaikaisella välttämisruokavaliolla ei ole yhteyttä lapsen astmariskiin. Sen sijaan lapsen oman ruokavalion lehmänmaitotuotteiden, kauran ja rintamaidon käyttö ja kalan lisääminen ruokavalioon jo varhain alensivat astmariskiä. Tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat sitä, että lasten ruokavaliota tulisi laajentaa iänmukaisesti ravitsemussuositusten mukaisella tavalla. Seerumin rasvahappoprofiilin muutokset saattavat edeltää lehmänmaitoallergiaa ja astmaa. Diagnosoitu lehmänmaitoallergia johtaa suppeaan ruokavalioon ja sitä kautta edelleen suurempiin seerumin rasvahappoprofiilin muutoksiin. Nämä muutokset voivat muokata immuunipuolustusta jo hyvin varhaisessa vaiheessa ja vaikutukset voivat säilyä aikuisikään saakka. Maitoallergisten lasten ruokavalion kapeus ja maitoallergian merkitys sekoittavana tekijänä tutkittaessa lasten ruokavalion ja astman yhteyttä tulee huomioida tulevissa tutkimuksissa. Tutkimus oli osa suomalaista tyypin 1 diabeteksen ennustamis- ja ehkäisy-tutkimuksen (DIPP) ravintotutkimusta. DIPP-ravintotutkimuksen allergiaosioon kutsuttiin 4065 edelleen ravitsemusseurantaan kuuluvaa lasta 5 vuoden iässä. Äidin ravinto- ja lapsen astmatieto oli käytettävissä 2679 lapsella raskauskohortissa (tutkimus I) ja 1798 lapsella imetyskohortissa (tutkimus II). Lapsen ruokavalion ja seerumin rasvahappojen yhteyksiä astmaan tutkittiin tapaus-verrokkiasetelmassa. Lapsen ruokavalioaineistossa oli 182 astmatapausta, joille kullekin valittiin 4 verrokkia (tutkimus III). Seerumin rasvahappoaineistossa oli 142 tapausta, joille kullekin valittiin 2 verrokkia (tutkimus IV). DIPP-tutkimusta tehdään yhteistyössä Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitoksen sekä Tampereen, Oulun, Turun ja Helsingin yliopistojen kanssa. Over the past 50 years, the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood has increased, particularly in industrialized countries. In some countries, the prevalence is still rising, while in others the prevalence has reached a plateau or even decreased. In Finland, 7–9% of children have asthma and an equal number have asthma-like symptoms. Genetic predisposition cannot explain such a rapidly increased trend. Thus, it is suspected that the development of asthma requires multiple environmental exposures in genetically predisposed individuals. The role of nutrition during the perinatal period and infancy has been a focus of interest, because early life diet may modulate the development of the respiratory, digestive and immune system and it has been proposed that these changes persist until adulthood. Understanding the role of early life diet in the development of asthma would give us an opportunity to make dietary interventions already during the perinatal period and infancy. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation, especially the role of fats and fatty acids (FA), as well as the child’s diet in early life, including a milk-restricted diet with cow’s milk allergy (CMA), on the risk of childhood asthma by the age of five years. We also investigated how the child’s longitudinal serum FA proportions are associated with the risk of asthma. This study was part of the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study, which began in 1996 at Oulu University Hospital and in 1997 at Tampere University Hospital. The genetic risk for type 1 diabetes may limit the generalizability of the results to the general population. Altogether 4065 children were invited to participate in the DIPP Allergy Study at the age of five years. All the required maternal dietary data and the child’s asthma data were available for 2679 children in the pregnancy cohort and for 1789 children in the lactation cohort. Information on maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation was obtained retrospectively from the 181-item FFQ during the eigth month of pregnancy and third month of lactation. The nutrient variables were calculated as a percentage of energy to better describe the quality of the diet, not depending on the amounts consumed. The Cox proportional hazards regression was used in statistical analyses to investigate the associations between maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and lactation and the risk of asthma in the offspring. Information on asthma and at least one three-day food record were available for 182 children with asthma, and four matched controls were selected for each case. The amount of breast milk consumed was estimated based on growth and expected energy requirement. Information on asthma and at least one serum sample was available for 142 children with asthma, and two matched controls were selected for each case. Conditional logistic regression with a generalized estimating equation was used in statistical analyses to investigate the associations between longitudinal food consumption during early life, as well as repeated serum FA proportions, and the risk of later asthma. During pregnancy, low maternal intakes of α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were associated with an increased risk of asthma in the offspring. By contrast, low maternal intakes of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) and high maternal intakes of saturated fat (SAFA) and palmitic acid (16:0) were associated with a decreased risk of asthma. Maternal diet during lactation was not significantly associated with the risk of asthma in the offspring. The diagnosis of CMA led to multiple dietary restrictions still evident at four years of age. Even after adjusting for CMA, higher consumption of cow’s milk products (cow’s milk-based infant formulas, fresh milk produts, sour milk products, milk protein) was inversely associated with the risk of atopic asthma and higher consumption of breast milk and oats inversely associated with the risk of non-atopic asthma. Early consumption of fish was associated with a decreased risk of all asthma. CMA confounded the results and should be taken into account in further analysis. The FA proportions of children with the diagnosis of CMA differed from those children without such a diagnosis. A higher serum proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) was associated with a decreased risk of asthma after CMA was considered as a confounding factor. Higher proportions of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and total n-6 PUFA were associated with an increased risk of atopic asthma. In addition, higher proportions of stearic acid (18:0) and total n-6 PUFA were associated with an increased risk of non-atopic asthma and higher proportions of EPA with a decreased risk. The results from the present study provide evidence of the potential role of diet during the perinatal period and infancy on the risk of development of childhood asthma. CMA confounded the results of the associations between both childhood diet and serum FA proportions and the risk of asthma. Changes in serum FA composition may predispose to CMA and subsequently to asthma because these diseases are on the same spectrum. Diagnosed CMA results in the elimination of milk and dairy products, and many other foods, from the diet, and thus induces other changes in addition to those found in serum FA profiles. These changes may modify the immunological reactions of the child already in early life and those changes may persist until adulthood. Väitöskirja löytyy osoitteesta; http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-302-352-9
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- 2014
10. Napaveren rasvahappokoostumus ja lapsen allerginen sairaus
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LUMIA, MIRKA, Lääketieteen laitos - Medical School, Lääketieteellinen tiedekunta - Faculty of Medicine, and University of Tampere
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Lääketiede - Medicine - Abstract
Syventävä työ ei kirjastossa
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- 2001
11. Maternal dietary fatty acid intake during pregnancy and the risk of preclinical and clinical type 1 diabetes in the offspring
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Niinistö, Sari, primary, Takkinen, Hanna-Mari, additional, Uusitalo, Liisa, additional, Rautanen, Jenna, additional, Nevalainen, Jaakko, additional, Kenward, Michael G., additional, Lumia, Mirka, additional, Simell, Olli, additional, Veijola, Riitta, additional, Ilonen, Jorma, additional, Knip, Mikael, additional, and Virtanen, Suvi M., additional
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- 2013
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12. Validation of the Finnish ISAAC questionnaire on asthma against anti-asthmatic medication reimbursement database in 5-year-old children
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Nwaru, Bright Ibeabughichi, primary, Lumia, Mirka, additional, Kaila, Minna, additional, Luukkainen, Päivi, additional, Tapanainen, Heli, additional, Erkkola, Maijaliisa, additional, Ahonen, Suvi, additional, Pekkanen, Juha, additional, Klaukka, Timo, additional, Veijola, Riitta, additional, Simell, Olli, additional, Knip, Mikael, additional, and Virtanen, Suvi Mirjami, additional
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- 2010
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13. Diet composition of pregnant Finnish women: changes over time and across seasons
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Prasad, Marianne, primary, Lumia, Mirka, additional, Erkkola, Maijaliisa, additional, Tapanainen, Heli, additional, Kronberg-Kippilä, Carina, additional, Tuokkola, Jetta, additional, Uusitalo, Ulla, additional, Simell, Olli, additional, Veijola, Riitta, additional, Knip, Mikael, additional, Ovaskainen, Marja-Leena, additional, and Virtanen, Suvi M, additional
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- 2010
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14. Maternal dietary fatty acid intake during pregnancy and the risk of preclinical and clinical type 1 diabetes in the offspring.
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Niinistö, Sari, Takkinen, Hanna-Mari, Uusitalo, Liisa, Rautanen, Jenna, Nevalainen, Jaakko, Kenward, Michael G., Lumia, Mirka, Simell, Olli, Veijola, Riitta, Ilonen, Jorma, Knip, Mikael, and Virtanen, Suvi M.
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AUTOANTIBODIES ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DISEASE susceptibility ,FATTY acids ,FOOD ,TYPE 1 diabetes ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MOTHERS ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,FAMILY history (Medicine) ,DATA analysis software ,CHILDREN ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between the maternal intake of fatty acids during pregnancy and the risk of preclinical and clinical type 1 diabetes in the offspring. The study included 4887 children with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-conferred type 1 diabetes susceptibility born during the years 1997–2004 from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. Maternal diet was assessed with a validated FFQ. The offspring were observed at 3- to 12-month intervals for the appearance of type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies and development of clinical type 1 diabetes (average follow-up period: 4·6 years (range 0·5–11·5 years)). Altogether, 240 children developed preclinical type 1 diabetes and 112 children developed clinical type 1 diabetes. Piecewise linear log-hazard survival model and Cox proportional-hazards regression were used for statistical analyses. The maternal intake of palmitic acid (hazard ratio (HR) 0·82, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·99) and high consumption of cheese during pregnancy (highest quarter v. intermediate half HR 0·52, 95 % CI 0·31, 0·87) were associated with a decreased risk of clinical type 1 diabetes. The consumption of sour milk products (HR 1·14, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·28), intake of protein from sour milk (HR 1·15, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·29) and intake of fat from fresh milk (HR 1·43, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·96) were associated with an increased risk of preclinical type 1 diabetes, and the intake of low-fat margarines (HR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·49, 0·92) was associated with a decreased risk. No conclusive associations between maternal fatty acid intake or food consumption during pregnancy and the development of type 1 diabetes in the offspring were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2014
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15. Maternal intake of fatty acids during pregnancy and allergies in the offspring.
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Nwaru, Bright I., Erkkola, Maijaliisa, Lumia, Mirka, Kronberg-Kippilä, Carina, Ahonen, Suvi, Kaila, Minna, Ilonen, Jorma, Simell, Olli, Knip, Mikael, Veijola, Riitta, and Virtanen, Suvi M.
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ANALYSIS of variance ,ATOPIC dermatitis ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,FATTY acids ,LONGITUDINAL method ,OMEGA-3 fatty acids ,OMEGA-6 fatty acids ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,RESPIRATORY allergy ,RESPIRATORY organ sounds ,T-test (Statistics) ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DISEASE prevalence ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,DATA analysis software ,CHILDREN ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) are known to have a number of immunological effects and, accordingly, may play a role in the development of allergic diseases. We investigated the effect of maternal intake of FA during pregnancy on the risk of allergic rhinitis, wheeze and atopic eczema in children aged 5 years. The present study analysed data from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study, a population-based birth cohort study with a 5-year follow-up. Complete information on maternal diet (assessed by a validated FFQ) and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood-based allergic outcomes was available for 2441 children. Cox proportional regression and logistic regression were used for the analyses. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, high maternal consumption of butter and butter spreads (hazard ratio (HR) 1·33; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·71) and higher ratio of n-6:n-3 FA (HR 1·37; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·77) during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in the offspring by 5 years of age. High maternal intakes of total PUFA (HR 0·71; 95 % CI 0·52, 0·96) and α-linolenic FA (HR 0·73; 95 % CI 0·54, 0·98) were associated with a decreased risk of allergic rhinitis. However, these results lost their significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Overall, our data suggest that maternal consumption of butter, the ratio of n-6:n-3 FA and intake of PUFA and α-linolenic FA during pregnancy may be potential determinants of allergic rhinitis in the offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2012
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16. Children With Intestinal Failure Undergoing Intestinal Rehabilitation Are at Risk for Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency.
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Gunnar R, Lumia M, Pakarinen M, and Merras-Salmio L
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- Child, Child, Preschool, Deficiency Diseases epidemiology, Enteral Nutrition, Ethylenediamines blood, Fat Emulsions, Intravenous, Fatty Acids, Essential blood, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intestinal Diseases blood, Intestinal Diseases complications, Intestine, Small pathology, Lipids blood, Lipids deficiency, Male, Pediatrics, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Short Bowel Syndrome, Trientine blood, Deficiency Diseases etiology, Fatty Acids, Essential deficiency, Intestinal Diseases therapy, Intestines pathology, Lipids administration & dosage, Nutritional Status, Parenteral Nutrition adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Essential fatty acid (EFA) status may be compromised during the intestinal failure (IF) rehabilitation. Parenteral lipid restriction is used to treat intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD), while the enteral fatty acid (FA) absorption remains limited. We analyzed the FA status among pediatric IF and intestinal insufficiency patients., Methods: We evaluated 49 patients aged 0-18 years attending our nationwide IF referral center. Their serum FA fractions were determined and examined against previous nutrition, parenteral lipid emulsion, and intestinal anatomy data. The patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to their dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN): full enteral (EN) (n = 33), supplemental PN (n = 14) or predominantly PN (n = 20). Trien:tetraen ratio (TTR) ≥0.2 was considered diagnostic for essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and increased risk was suspected if TTR exceeded 0.1., Results: We identified 8 (16%) patients with elevated TTR ≥0.1; in 3 of them the ratio exceeded 0.2. Five of these children belonged to supplemental PN group. This group carried the highest incidence of elevated TTR (P = 0.0016), with median TTR at 0.06 (interquartile range 0.03-0.09) and two-thirds of the analyzed TTR ≥0.5. Increased EFAD risk was associated with young age (P = 0.0291), current PN with low parenteral lipid content (P = 0.0003), and short remaining small bowel (P = 0.0013)., Conclusions: IF children with supplemental PN carry the highest overall risk for EFAD. Young age, current PN, and short remaining small bowel also increase the risk for EFAD., (© 2018 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.)
- Published
- 2018
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