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To determine emission levels, information on carbon stocks and changes in each carbon pool is required. Aboveground biomass, particularly on dry land, is one carbon pool that contributes significantly to carbon storage. The goal of this study was to develop a model for estimating aboveground carbon stocks in the Mbeliling landscape, in Nusa Tenggara Timur, using a vegetation index that was correlated with field carbon stocks. The best model was then used to create a map of the distribution of carbon stocks as the final result. Simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the study. Google Earth Engine was used to process the images on a cloud system. When comparing the RGI index for measuring field carbon stocks to other indexes, the correlation test revealed a perfect correlation. The linear regression model for aboveground biomass = 14.046 + 272.496 RGI (R-sq = 0.86) was found to be the best model for aboveground biomass. In the multiple linear regression model, there were signs of multicollinearity. With an overall accuracy of 68% and a cappa accuracy of 54.23%, the best model was able to be used to create a carbon stock map in Mbeliling landscape. Keywords: Carbon stock estimation model, Above Ground Biomass, Sentinel 2A

Philippine Tung (Reutealis trisperma [Blanco] Airy Shaw) is one of non-edible oil producing plant resistant to unfavorable conditions and therefore this plant has prospective role to be used in phytoremediation program on gold post-mined area. The experiment aimed to analyze photosynthesis and growth of R. trisperma plants in response to short term gold-mine tailing treatment in polybag experiment. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design with two factors and 5 replications. The first factor was five varieties of R. trisperma (M1, M2, D1, D2 and HR) and the second factor was gold-mine tailings treatment comprised 0, 25, 50, and 100% of tailings which was applied in combination with mixed compost and soil 1:3 (v/v) as a basic media. Plant growth and physiological characters were observed after 6 weeks of the treatment. The result showed that even though malondialdehyde (MDA) of R. trisperma leaves increased slightly, but the plants treated with gold-mine tailing had higher photosynthetic rate than that of the control (untreated) plants, which resulted in the improvement of root and shoot growth up to 70 and 90%, respectively. Higher content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in gold-mine tailing may have positive effect to R. trisperma indicated by photosynthesis and growth enhancement which suggests the plant tolerance to gold-mine tailings.

Planting Mangroves in the ponds of PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia, Pulogadung, Jakarta, is one of the environmental management activities in the reforestation area as a form of social and environmental responsibility. The existence of mangrove plants in ponds which have reached the age of 2 years recently, could have an ecological impact. Field observations were made by measuring the type and density of flora in the pond by census, and the frequency of biological encounters based on time search for fauna. The results showed that there were 4 types of plants in the ponds, namely mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata), lotus (Nymphaea lotus), needle grass (Adropogon aciculatus), and Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri). Identified as many as 11 species of fauna, 5 species of insects, 1 species of aves, 1 species of macro benthic, and 3 species of fish. The diversity index of flora and fauna in the ponds was still in the low category (H' < 1). The growth of R. mucronata type mangroves aged 2 years in ponds reached an average height of 47 cm with a diameter of 1.3 cm, with a total biomass of 36.77 kg and contributed to absorbing CO2 of 54.41 kg or 5.4 ton/ha. Biodiversity in the pond ecosystem of PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia has the potential to continue to grow and contribute to carbon sequestration.Keywords: Pool; Mangroves; Biodiversity; Rhizophora mucronataABSTRAKKeanekargaman Hayati Ekosistem Kolam Mangrove Kawasan PT Antam Tbk. UPBB Logam MuliaPenanaman mangrove pada kolam PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia di Pulogadung, merupakan salah satu kegiatan pengelolaan lingkungan di area penghijauan sebagai wujud tanggung jawab sosial dalam mendukung pelestarian lingkungan. Keberadaan tanaman mangrove pada kolam yang saat ini telah mencapai umur 2 tahun, diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak ekologis. Untuk mengetahui dampak tersebut dilakukan observasi lapangan dengan mengidentifikasi jenis dan kerapatan tumbuhan secara sensus, dilakukan juga perhitungan frekuensi pertemuan jenis fauna berdasarkan periode tertentu (time search). Hasil pengamatan menunjukan terdapat sebanyak 4 jenis tumbuhan pada kolam, yaitu mangrove (Rhizophora mucronate Poir.), teratai (Nymphaea lotusL.), rumput jarum (Adropogon aciculatus Retz.), dan lumut (Taxiphyllum barbieri). Teridentifikasi sebanyak 11 jenis flora, 5 jenis insekta, 1 jenis aves, 1 jenis makro bentos, dan 3 jenis ikan. Indeks Keanekaragaman flora dan fauna pada kolam masih dalam katagori rendah (H’< 1). Pertumbuhan mangrove jenis R. mucronata umur 2 tahun pada kolam mencapai rata-rata tinggi 47 cm dengan diameter 1,3 cm, dengan biomasa total mencapai 36,77 kg dan berkontribusi dalam menyerap CO2 sebesar 5,4 ton/ha. Biodiversitas pada ekosistem kolam PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia berpotensi senantiasa berkembang dan berkontribusi dalam penyerapan karbon.Kata kunci: Kolam; Mangrove; Indeks keanekaragaman hayati; Rhizophora mucronata

Salim MA, Setyaningsih L, Wahyudi I, Budi SW. 2021. Growth of Falcataria moluccana and Albizia chinensis seedling under aluminum exposure. Biodiversitas 22: 3693-3701. Aluminum (Al) is an element found in acid soils and is one of the limiting factors for plant growth. This study aims to examine the growth of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes and Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr seedlings under exposure of aluminum. This study used an one-factor completely randomized design (Al concentration) consisting of 5 levels, namely 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mM. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and each replication consisted of 3 plant units. The results showed that the Al exposure treatment gave significant differences in the growth of height, root length, dry weight (root, shoot, and total) of F. moluccana and A. chinensis seedlings. The 2 mM Al concentration stimulated the growth of height, root length and dry weight (root, shoot, and total) of A. chinensis seedlings. The tolerance index for F. moluccana and A. chinensis seedlings was highest when the Al 2 mM concentration was 147.55% and 115.32%, respectively. 2 mM Al exposure treatment increased the chlorophyll content a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids of F. moluccana and A. chinensis seedlings. Al exposure treatment did not significantly differ from the rate of photosynthesis and MDA content in F. moluccana and A. chinensis seedlings. The Al content in the roots was higher than in the shoots, and the increase in Al concentration increased the Al content in the roots and shoots of F. moluccana and A. chinensis seedlings.

This experiment aimed to determine the adaptability of four biodiesel-producing plants to gold mine wastewater based on morpho-physiological properties. Four species namely jatropha (Jatropha curcas), castor bean (Ricinus communis), wild candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) and bead tree (Melia azedarach) were grown in water culture using Hoagland solution for 2 weeks and then treated with gold mining wastewater at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, and 75% (v/v) for 3 weeks. Growth, anatomical and physiological characteristics were observed during the treatment. The results showed that gold mine wastewater significantly decreased growth of the four species despite varied among the species. Wastewater had significant effect on leaves anatomy of Jatropha but not on others. It also significantly induced the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in Jatropha and castor bean, but not in wild candlenut and bead-tree. Meanwhile, the treatment significantly decreased chlorophyll content of all species with the most in bead-tree plant, and leaves relative water content (RWC) particularly in castor bean and bead-tree plants. There was strong negative correlation between the increase of MDA content and the decrease of chlorophyll content and leaf RWC. Among the four species, wild candlenut (R. trisperma) was the most resistant to gold mine wastewater based on morphological and physiological properties.

Salim MA, Budi RSW, Setyaningsih L, Iskandar, Wahyudi I, Kirmi H. 2020. Root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in various age classes of revegetation post-coal mine. Biodiversitas 21: 5013-5022. This study aims to evaluate the status of colonization of the roots of the host plant in various age classes of revegetation of post-coal mining land associated with AMF spores populations and soil fertility. The study was conducted in the post-mining revegetation land at PT. Berau Coal, East Kalimantan. Isolation of the spores was carried out using the wet-sieving and centrifugation method, while the colonization of the roots was carried out by the root coloring technique. Revegetation activities have been able to increase the content of some nutrients in the soil. The AMF population shows tendency an increase along with the increasing revegetation age classes. Eight-year revegetation age classes have the highest average number of spores. Plant species and understorey have shown the existence of AMF colonization with different values for each species. AMF root colonization has a negative relationship with the number of spores in the soil. The C-organic, N-total, CEC Ca, Mg and Fe contents have a positive correlation with AMF root colonization, while available P, total P, K, and Al have a negative correlation with AMF root colonization. Mg was significantly correlated (r = 0.861) to AMF root colonization.

Setyaningsih L, Dikdayatama FA, Wulandari AS. 2020. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium enhance the growth of Samanea saman (trembesi) planted on gold-mine tailings in Pongkor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 611-616. Revegetation of severely degraded lands, such as gold-mine tailings, requires comprehensive approach including the selection of appropriate tree species and the improvement of soil fertility with the application of microorganisms. This study aimed to analyze the growth of trembesi (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr) seedlings inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and rhizobial bacteria (RB) on gold-mine tailings in Pongkor, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The AMF, RB, and mixture of AMF and RB were inoculated into S. saman seedlings and then the seedlings were grown on gold mine tailings land. Seedling growth, AMF infection and RB nodulation were observed after 12 weeks after planting. The results showed that the treatments facilitated AMF colonization by up to 20.7% and RB nodulation up to 22 nodules per plant. The inoculation of S. saman seedlings with AMF and RB significantly increased the growth on diameter, biomass, and root length, with values of root-to-shoot ratio of 3.1-4.3. The roots of S. saman seedlings were also able to penetrate the depth of the tailings solum. These results showed that AMF and RB application effectively increased the growth of S. saman seedlings in the gold tailings field.

Rimbawan(foresters) is one of the human resources owned by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. They need to enhance their performance in decreasing forest fire areas. It will affect future public health, economic development, ecological balance, social stability, and land aesthetics. Accordingly, scenario planning helps in contemplating how the future may develop and is especially important when needing to make sense of uncertainty in the forest sustainability management sector. Scenario planning can be narrative-based and represented quantitatively to ensureRimbawan’sperformance level. On the other hand, promoting a more controllable forest fire area has not been fully anticipated. Therefore, this study aims to help environmental policymakers by offering a discovery of basic data for forest fire precautions, forest firefighting, and post-forest fire handling. This study has conducted a descriptively quantitative method. The results suggest that the average forest fire area in South Sumatra Province based on their KPH from 2015-to 2019 is 30.71 percent of those 2,265,457.34 hectares of KPH. Whereas the 1 level of an increase in forest fire prevention activities will reduce the probability of forest fire insight into the upscaledRimbawan’sperformance level through conversation quality and engagement, learning, decision-making style, mental models, and leadership support.

Setyaningsih L, Wulandari AS, Hamim H. 2018. Growth of typha grass (Typha angustifolia) on gold-mine tailings with application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. Biodiversitas 19: 504-509. Gold mine tailings contain extreme physical and chemical properties, which inhibit plant growth due to lower nutrition and higher heavy metal contaminants. Typha (Typha angustifolia) is type of grass growing well on waterlogged area including tailing dam. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with compost and soil on the typha growth in gold mine tailings. The study was conducted in greenhouse by inoculating two AMF isolates (Glomus etunicatum and G. manihotis) to typha seedlings grown in pure tailing media, mixed tailing-compost media, and mixed tailing-compost-soil media. The compatibility and growth of typha grass were analysed after 1 month. Results showed that G. etunicatum and G. manihotis application significantly increased AMF colonization of typha roots up to 16.6% and 21.8% respectively. The length, number of leaves and biomass of typha also increased up to 90%, 50% and 97% respectively compared to those without AMF inoculation. G. etunicatum contributed the best growth of typha grown in mixed compost-soil-tailings, resulting in double increase of its length and biomass. The application of G. manihotis did not significantly increase the growth of typha in mixed media; however, under pure tailing, this mycorrhiza had the best induction for typha biomass and leaf number. In general, AMF application increased growth of typha grass in tailings media.

Providing comprehensive information on carbon stock data on all carbon pools needs to be done to plan and measure climate change mitigation efforts that are carried out. This research was conducted by analyzing spatial characteristics and estimating carbon stocks with model development. Spatial analysis is carried out to provide an overview of the distribution of spatial values that can use the built model. Estimation of carbon stock is carried out by building a carbon stock estimator model that correlates the value of remote sensing parameters with the value of carbon stocks in all carbon storage sources. The characteristics of the vegetation index value in the forest category are greater than in the non-forest category and vice versa for the distribution of the digital number average value. The model development is only carried out on aboveground biomass and belowground biomass carbon pools. The results of the analysis of the estimation of carbon stocks based on the selected model showed the potential for aboveground biomass was 5,200,841.45 tC and the potential for belowground biomass was 1,317,948.10 tC.

Iron (Fe) is a micro essential needed by plants in small amounts and can be toxic when available in large quantities. This study aimed to evaluate how Fe exposure affects the growth of C. callothyrsus and L. leucocephala seedlings. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial, where the first factor consisted of two levels of seedlings (C. calothyrsus and L. leucocephala), and the second factor consisted of Fe concentration which consisted of 8 levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 mM). The results showed that treatment of seedlings species and concentration of Fe was able to significantly affect the growth parameters (height, root length, root dry weight, shoots, and plant dry weight) of seedlings. The control treatment (without Fe) showed the highest growth response compared to those treated with Fe exposure and an increase in Fe concentration was able to reduce all growth parameters in both seedlings. The 0.5 mM Fe concentration reduced all growth parameters of C. calothyrsus drastically, while in L. leucocephala, the Fe 0.75 concentration was able to decrease all growth parameters drastically. The tolerance index of both seedlings decreased with increasing Fe concentration. The rate of photosynthesis did not show a significant difference between treatments, meanwhile, it had a significant effect on chlorophyll affect chlorophyll (a, b, and total chlorophyll) and carotenoid content. The highest Fe content in C. calothyrsus seedlings was at a concentration of 1.5 mM (4.40%), while in L. leucocephala seedlings, the highest Fe content was at 1.7 mM (2.87%).

Hamim, Hanifatunisa, Hadisunarso, Setyaningsih L, Saprudin D. 2019. Lead (Pb) toxicity effect on physio-anatomy of bead-tree, jatropha, castor bean and Philippine-tung grown in water culture. Biodiversitas 20: 3690-3697. Heavy metal contamination in both land and water has been intensively studied because of their broad impact for the environment. Bead-tree (Melia azedarach), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), castor bean (Ricinus communis) and Philippine tung (Reutealis trisperma) are kinds of non-edible oil-producing species, that are able to grow well on degraded lands and may have potential use for phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated areas. This study aimed to analyze the response of bead-tree (Melia azedarach), jatropha (Jatropha curcas), castor bean (Ricinus communis) and Philippine-tung (Reutealis trisperma) to lead (Pb) contaminant in water culture experiment based on morphological, physiological and anatomical parameters. Two months old plants were transferred to the media containing Hoagland solution. After three weeks of planting, Pb (NO3)2 treatments with five concentrations, i.e. control (0 mM), 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM were added together with Hoagland replacement and the plants were treated for three weeks. The growth, anatomical and physiological parameters were observed during the treatment until three weeks. The results showed that Pb treatment, especially with higher concentration, dramatically decreased plant growth, such as plant height, number of leaves, as well as shoot and root dry weight of all the species. Lead treatment triggered the emergence of free radicals and oxidative stress as indicated by a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while it decreased chlorophyll content of all the species. The higher concentration of Pb (NO3)2 caused the thickness of upper epidermis, lower epidermis, and spongy mesophyll tissue to decrease significantly which contributed to the decrease of leaves thickness. Among the species, Philippine-tung was the most tolerant of Pb toxicity. This species is potential to be used in phytoremediation program of lead-contaminated land such as gold mine area as well as heavy industrial areas.

This study aims to examine the diversity of flora in various age classes of revegetation of post-mining coal. This research was conducted at PT. Berau Coal, Binungan block, East Kalimantan. Sampling plots were applied on revegetation land of post-mining coal aged 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years, and natural forest as a control. Flora observations were carried out on sample plots of size 25m x 40m for sapling, poles and trees, while sub-plots 1m x 1m for seedlings and understorey. In natural forests observations were made on sample plots measuring 20m x 20m for trees with sub plot 2m x 2m for uderstorey and seedlings, 5m x 5m for saplings, 10m x 10m for poles. The analysis results show that the highest individual density per ha is found in natural forests (seedlings, saplings and poles). The highest of flora index of diversity, richness and evenness were found in natural forests. The flora from revegetation of eight-year has been able to approach to natural forests conditions. The species of plants that predominate in some revegetation age classes are Rhynchospora corymbose (understorey), Senna siamea (seedling, sapling, pole and tree). Acacia mangium and Macarangan hypleoca grow naturally in some revegetation age.

Background and objective Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) is a non-edible biodiesel producer plant that has a good prospect due to the higher seed production capacity and oil content. In addition, it also able to grow well under unfavourable environment. The study aimed to analyze the response of Reutealis trisperma (R. trisperma) to gold mined wastewater. Materials and methods Five varieties of R. trisperma i.e., Kemiri Minyak-1 (KM1), Kemiri Minyak-2 (KM2), Kermindo-1 (KD1), Kermindo-2 (KD2) and Harapan (HR) grown in water culture, were treated with wastewater from gold mining industry with concentration of 0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mL for 2 weeks. Shoot and root growth, anatomy as well as some physiological characters were analyzed during the treatment. Results Wastewater treatments for 14 days caused decrease of shoot growth and induced leaf yellowing of the plants. The treatments caused increase in malondialdehyde content up to 4 fold, while chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of the plants decreased significantly. TEM analysis indicated that the root cell of plants exposed to highest concentration of wastewater started to degenerate and had higher number of mitochondria and peroxisome vesicles suggesting that the cellular respiration and anti-oxidative mechanism presumably became more active due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Conclusion Gold mine wastewater treatment caused all the plants to undergo stress characterized by the increase of malondialdehyde and the decrease of chlorophyll content and leaf growth of R. trisperma, even though there was variation among the varieties. KM2 and KD2 had the best performance among all varieties in response to gold-mine wastewater.

Information on metal adaptation of plants is necessary to understand the mechanism of heavy metal, including lead (Pb), remediation mediated by forest plants in contaminated land. This study aimed to find out the adaptation mechanism of jabon ( Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb) seedlings to excessive lead level based on the tolerance index of growth performance and lead transport to plant tissue. The seedlings were exposed to lead (Pb(NO 3 ) 2 ) with the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 5 and 10 mM in nutrient culture for 15 days. The result showed that the tolerance index (TI) of the seedlings was significantly decreased by Pb exposure up to 1.5 mM, but the TI values were more than 75%. All seedlings died at Pb concentration of 5 mM and up. Pb accumulated in all parts of the seedlings, with the highest concentration found in the leaves (735.9 ppm) under Pb concentration of 0.5 mM. The Pb was found to be transported to the top portion of the seedlings indicated by Transport Factor (TF) that was more than 1. The results suggest that jabon can adapt to excessive Pb exposure up to 1.5 mM and has the potential as a remediator plant.

Surya MI, Kurnita NI, Setyaningsih L, Ismaini L, Muttaqin Z. 2016. A study on in vitro propagation of Castanopsis argentea. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 2: 10-15. Saninten (Castanopsis argentea) is a keystone species that has highly potential as a food material. Mostly, the fruits of C. argentea are eaten by animals. It made us difficults to get the natural regeneration. In vitro propagation is an effort to produce considerable amounts of C. argentea. However, the information about in vitro propagation of C. argentea is still very limited. This study was aimed to determine the initiation methods to propagate C. argentea by in vitro propagation. Two methods of sterilization were used to sterilize the explant of seed and buds. Moreover, the explant was planted on modified MS and WPM. The results show that percentage of survival, number of buds and time of germination were found on seed explants sterilized by first method. The number of callus were found on bud explants sterilized by second method. Furthermore, planting media were not affected to the germination of seed explants, but affected to growth of bud explants.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is one of the fungi that can be found in almost every ecosystem including post-coal mining land. This study aims to analyze the diversity of AMF in different age of revegetation of post-coal mining land area. Soil samples were collected from six different age of revegetation of post-coal mining area (unrevegetated area, 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 years) and from natural forest as comparison. AMF spore isolation was carried out using wet-sieving method, while spore identification was carried out based on several morphological characters according to INVAM guideline. The results of the observation showed that with increasing of revegetation age will be able to increase the number of AMF populations (R2= 84.96%). The highest AMF population was found at the age of 10 years after revegetation of land with the number of 492 spores per 20 grams soil, while the lowest AMF population was found in unrevegetated area with the number of 12 spores per 20 grams of soil. AMF genera found included Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, and Dentiscutata. Glomus and Acaulospora were the dominant AMF in every land revegetation age (100% of frequency). AMF populations was correlated strongly with soil organic content (r = 0.79).

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur potensi simpanan karbon di atas permukaan tanah pada tegakan trubusan jati cepat tumbuh dengan nama dagang Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) di Kebun Percobaan Universitas Nusa Bangsa dengan metode pengukuran biomassa tegakan, serasah dan tumbuhan bawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengukur biomassa serasah dan tumbuhan bawah secara destruktif dan mengukur biomassa tegakan secara non destruktif menggunakan persamaan allometrik Ketterings (2001) dengan mengukur diameter setinggi dada dan berat jenis kayu. Stok karbon diestimasi dengan nilai 47% dari biomassa. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah seluruh simpanan karbon di atas permukaan tanah di Kebun Percobaan UNB dengan areal seluas 9 ha adalah 152,52 ton karbon yang berasal dari 324,51 ton biomassa. Potensi simpanan karbon di atas permukaan tiap hektarnya sebesar 16,95 ton/ha karbon dari 32,06 ton/ha biomassa. Simpanan karbon tersebut bersumber dari tegakan (87,07%), serasah (9,87%) dan tumbuhan bawah (3,05%). Simpanan karbon tegakan tersebut terdiri dari tiang (68,17%) dan pancang (31,83%).

G rowth of Superior T eak Plant Nusantara With Agroforestry Pattern at Five Years Old Superior Teak Nusantara (JUN) is a product of Teak seedlings produced by Setyamitra Co vegetatively from “ Perum Perhutani teak plus stands ” and by inducing the root in order to raises the compound root. JUN has been planted in the Cogreg experiment al garden, using the pattern of intercropping with annual crops and seasonal crops and currently JUN i s 5 years old. This study was conducted to determine the effect of intercropping on the growth pattern of height, diameter and volume of JUN at 5 years old and looking for patterns of relationship between the volume and a diameter of JUN. Data w ere analyzed by linear regression and General Linear Model – Multivariate. Samples determined JUN tree with random start systematic sampling with a sampling intensity of 10%. In the two plots of the i ntercropping management and one plot without intercropping met in which to be done observation of the branch height , total height and diameter at breast height of JUN. The results showed that intercropping patterns greatly affect the growth of Superior Teak Nusantara (JUN) of five years old (height, diameter and volume as well as the average annual increment of height, diameter and average annual increment of volume). Superate Teak Nusantara (JUN) Growth of average annual increment without in intercropping pattern of management (control) was greate st than both management, for diameter of 3.17 cm/year, for high was 2.66 m/year and the average annual increment for volume was 0,039 m3/year. Occur ed very close relationship between volume and diameter wath equation of Y = 1.063 x 10-4 X 2,343. The results of the multivariate anal y sis, treatment variables (independent variables) affect the variable diameter, height and volume (dependent variable) Superior Teak Nusantara (JUN). The results of the analysis of the estimation of the diameter of the pattern of annual crop management has a diameter of 0.235 cm lower than the one with crop management pattern s crop in turn . Keywords : New Teak Seeds, Crop Intercropping, Teak Superior Archipelago (JUN) ABSTRAK Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) adalah suatu produk semai Jati yang diproduksi oleh PT. Setyamitra secara vegetatif dari tegakan jati plus Perum Perhutani dan dengan menginduksi akarnya sehingga memunculkan akar tunggang majemuk. JUN telah ditanam di kebun percobaan Cogreg, dengan menggunakan pola tumpangsari dengan tanaman pertanian tahunan serta tanaman semusim dan saat ini JUN telah berumur 5 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola tumpangsari terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter dan volume JUN umur 5 tahun, serta mencari pola hubungan antara volume dengan diameter JUN. Penelitian dianalisis dengan regresi linier dan General Linear Model-Multivariate . Sampel pohon JUN ditentukan secara systematic sampling with random start dengan intensitas sampling 10 %. Dalam dua petak pengelolaan pola tumpangsari dan satu petak tanpa tumpangsari yang di dalamnya dilakukan pengamatan terhadap tinggi bebas cabang dan tinggi total serta diameter setinggi dada JUN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola tumpangsari sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) umur lima tahun (tinggi, diameter dan volume serta riap rata–rata tahunan untuk tinggi, diameter dan riap rata – rata tahunan volume). Pertumbuhan Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) riap rata – rata tahunan pada pola pengelolaan tanpa tumpangsari (kontrol) mempunyai riap rata–rata tahunan paling besar dibanding kedua pengelolaan, untuk diameter sebesar 3,17cm/tahun, untuk tinggi sebesar 2,66 m/tahun dan riap rata – rata tahunan untuk volume sebesar 0,039 m 3 /tahun. Terjadi hubungan yang sangat erat antara volume dan diameter dengan persamaan Y = 1,063 x 10 -4 X 2,343 . Hasil analisisi dengan multivariat, variabel perlakuan (variabel independen) berpengaruh terhadap variabel diameter tinggi dan volume (variabel dependen) Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN). Hasil analisis estimasi terhadap diameter pada pola pengelolaan tanaman tahunan mempunyai diameter lebih rendah 0,235 cm dibandingkan dengan pola pengelolaan tanaman giliran. Kata Kunci : Bibit Jati Baru, Tanaman Tumpangsari, Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN)

D iversity of Wildlife in Stands of Nusantara S uperior T eak (JUN) Age 5 Years Old in Nusa Bangsa University Experimental Garden, Bogor Habitat is a place or environment where wildlife get a source of food, water and shelter in order to meet the needs of their lives including support for the breed. Its presence in of activity of human life can be an indicator of naturalness of an area. This study aim ed to identify the species of wildlife and to determine d population density, abundance and diversity of wildlife found at the Experiment al garden of University of Nusa Bangsa. T his study ha d been done in 2009. The research method w as a combination methods abundance point method and strip transect. T his method c ould be done for mamalia , a ves and reptiles observation and wa s intended to obtain data of wildlife with having higher contact chance . P athways m ethods for mammals observations and point method for observation of reptiles and aves . Results of previous studies identified had a total of 19 wildlife species from three classes (reptiles, aves and mammals) . W ildlife populations identified in the Experiment were 891 individuals and the abundence of 89.1 individu/Ha. Wildlife Species Diversity at the Experiment classified as moderate with a score index value of 2.361. The wildlife wa s most commonly found were Cattle Swallow, Home Kapinis and Rice Cici. While in the 2011 study identified as many as 16 wild animals of the three classes of animals (reptiles, aves and mammals), among others Gardens Lizard , Koros Snake, Ropes Picis Snake, Mandy Gray Birds, Quail, Cattle Swallow, Kapinis, turtledoves , Perenjak, Kutilang, Bananas Cinenen, Rice Cici, Sparrow, Sparrow/Scaly, grate and Bats. Wildlife populations identified in the Experiment were 137 idividu and the abundance of 13.7 individu/Ha2. Wildlife Species Diversity at the Experiment classified as moderate with a index score of 2.35. The wildlife wa s most commonly found Cattle Swallow, Kutilang, garden lizards and turtledoves . Keywords : Biodiversity, wildlife, habitat, experimental gardens UNB ABSTRAK Habitat adalah suatu tempat atau lingkungan dimana satwaliar mendapatkan sumber makanan, air dan perlindungan (shelter) guna memenuhi kebutuhan untuk menunjang kehidupan mereka termasuk diantaranya untuk beranak pinak atau berkembang biak. Keberadaannya ditengah – tengah aktifitas dan kehidupan manusia dapat menjadi indicator akan kealamian suatu wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis satwa liar dan untuk mengetahui kepadatan populasi, kelimpahan serta keanekaragaman jenis satwaliar yang terdapat di Kebun Percobaan UNB. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada tahun 2009. Metode penelitian dengan metode gabungan antara metode kelimpahan titik ( point of abundance ) dan transek jalur. Dengan metode ini dapat dilakukan untuk pengamatan mamalia.aves dan reptile sekaligus serta dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh data tentang satwaliar dengan peluang kontak yang lebih tinggi. Metode jalur untuk pengamatan mamalia sedangkan metode titik untuk pengamatan reptil dan aves. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya teridentifikasi sebanyak 19 satwa liar dari tiga kelas satwa (reptile, aves dan mamalia). Populasi satwa liar yang teridentifikasi di Kebun Percobaan UNB sebesar 891 individu dan jumlah kelimpahannya sebesar 89,1 individu/Ha 2 . Keanekaragaman Jenis Satwa Liar di Kebun Percobaan UNB tergolong sedang dengan nilai indeks sebesar 2,361. Satwa liar yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Walet Sapi, Kapinis Rumah dan Cici Padi. Sedangkan pada penelitian 2011 teridentifikasi sebanyak 16 satwa liar dari tiga kelas satwa (reptile, aves dan mamalia) antara lain Kadal Kebun, Ular Koros, Ular Tali Picis, Burung Wiwik Kelabu, Burung Puyuh, Walet Sapi, Kapinis, Tekukur,Perenjak, Kutilang, Cinenen Pisang, Cici Padi, Burung Gereja, Burung Pipit/Bondol, Garangan, dan Kalong. Populasi satwa liar yang teridentifikasi di Kebun Percobaan UNB sebesar 137 individu dan jumlah kelimpahannya sebesar 13,7 individu/Ha2. Keanekaragaman Jenis Satwa Liar di Kebun Percobaan UNB tergolong sedang dengan nilai indeks sebesar 2,35. Satwa liar yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Walet Sapi, Kutilang, kadal kebun dan Tekukur. Kata Kunci : Keanekaragaman, satwaliar, habitat, kebun percobaan UNB

Effectiveness of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum Arbuskula Growth of seedling Plain Forest Utilization of mycorrhizae in forestry are often constrained in the availability of inoculum mukoriza that not every moment can be obtained in sufficient quantities and in accordance with the type of crop and land acidity. It required effort to make the inoculant that can anticipate the condition. It has been developed inoculant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), that explores from various acidity land from under the stands of forest plants, namely inoculum R2, P2, N2 and C2-containing AMF of the genus Glomus sp. The study was conducted with 5 grams inokulasi AMF inoculum (equivalent to 15-30 spores) on seedling sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), teak (Tectona grandis) and meranti (Shorea leprosula). Observations were carried out for 9 weeks by measuring the height and diameter growth of each week and dry biomass and shoot-root ratio at the end of observation. The statistical analysis was complete randomized with design 5 treatment of inoculant without comparing among species of forest plants seedlings. Results of variance analysis showed that after 9 weeks of observation, AMF inoculum treatments did not significantly affect height growth (p

Lead (Pb) is one of the dangerous heavy metal contained in tailing that needs remediation activity. This study aimed to investigate the potency of jabon to take up and accumulate lead in its tissue by the application of compost and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) on pot observation. In Pb-containing tailing media, the average levels of Pb in roots seedling was 50% greater as compared to the levels of Pb in the stem and leaves of seedlings. Application of compost in tailings media significantly increased (p ? 0.5) the average levels of Pb in the roots and stems, but decreased Pb levels in leaves. Applications AMF significantly decreased (p ? 0.5) the average levels of Pb in the roots, stem and leaves of seedlings by approximately 18-33%. The combination applications of compost and AMF significantly (p ? 0.5) increased the level of Pb in the roots, stems and leaves of seedlings at 6, 16 and 27 fold respectively than that in control plant (without compost and AMF). After 12 weeks exposure, lead bioconcentration factor varied from 0.1-1.6 in seedling tissue with transport factor varied from 0.1-1.0. The application of active compost and AMF increased 1-15 fold lead accumulation from control, and the biggest accumulation was 452.9 x10-2 mg/plant with Pb concentration of 1.5 mM. Active compost and AMF application supported jabon seedling to act as lead phytostabilizer and to remove lead from the tailing to the above part of the plant.