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The marine bivalves, mussels Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853) and scallops Swiftopecten swifti (Bernardi, 1858), were in vivo exposed to 12-14 nm multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) for up to 48 h. Microscopic analysis in combination with the RAMAN spectrophotometry revealed the MWNT aggregates on the gills surface and inside the gut of all exposed individuals. After 48 h exposure, there were no changes in the total cell count, the average cell size and granularity in the hemolymph of mussels, while in the scallops the total hemocyte count was significantly reduced, and the average hemocyte granularity increased. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (activity of glutathione-S-transferase and catalase, concentration of reduced glutathione, and the degree of lipid peroxidation) did not change significantly in the digestive gland of both mussels and scallops. In hemolymph, catalase activity increased as compared to control in both mussels and scallops. Moreover, concentration of reduced glutathione increased in hemolymph of scallops on the second day of exposure to MWNTs. The data obtained indicate that MWNTs may affect different bivalve mollusks more or less strongly under the same exposure conditions.

Organochlorine pesticides are persistent toxic substances of anthropogenic origin that affect biota. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α-, β-, and γ-), DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) were detected in five individuals of fulmars Fulmarus glacialisLinnaeus, 1761 from the coast of Eastern Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. The average amount of HCH isomers in the organs of fulmars ranged from 608±177ng/g lipids in the total homogenate of the organs to 2093±264ng/g lipids in the feathers with skin. The average range of the amounts of DDT and its metabolites was from 3606±333ng/g lipids in the feathers with skin to 4076±1624ng/g lipids in the feathers. The results are discussed.