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Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is a complex problem that complicates the barley selection and breeding process. The knowledge of the relationship between cereal phenology and climatic data is important for understanding GEI and the physiological pathways responsible for the interaction effect. The grain yield of twenty winter barley genotypes in six environments was observed. Factors influencing the variability were analyzed using a linear mixed model. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was applied to determine the most relevant environmental variables in certain stages of development that explained GEI effects. Biplot with environmental variables explained 43.7% of the GEI. The barley was generally the most sensitive to the environmental conditions (relative humidity, maximum temperature and its variation, sun hours, and precipitation) during the anthesis and filling stage (May) which caused GEI. Temperature variables did not show significance only in the vegetative phase. Different genotypes responded differently to environmental factors. Genotypes NS-525, NS-589, and J-103 were highlighted as widely adaptable, and Zajeˇcar was a suitable and reliable location for yield testing. The GEI information presented in this paper can be useful in traditional plant breeding and future breeding programs through molecular research of crop developmental genes and examination of physiological processes in two-row barley.

Two-year research was carried out in 2014 and 2015 on the territory of the municipality of Leskovac, on alluvium land type. In the experiment, 6 maize hybrids of different vegetation lengths 400-600 were sown (ZP 434, NS 4023, ZP 555, NS 5051, ZP 666, NS 6030). The hybrid NS 6030 (10.248 t ha-1) had the highest average yield in 2014, while the hybrid FAO group 400 NS 4023 (9.467 t ha-1) had the lowest. The highest average yield in the year 2015, unfavorable for corn production, was achieved by the hybrid FAO group 400 ZP 434 (6.938 t ha-1) and the smallest yield by hybrid FAO group 600 NS 6030 (4.980 t ha-1). In 2015, being that the average temperatures were warmer than in 2014, and it had fewer amounts and worse distribution of precipitation, late sowing had a very bad effect on all hybrids, especially on FAO 600 hybrids.

U ovom istraživanju je sprovedena karakterizacija perspektivnih genotipova ozime pšenice na osnovu deskriptora morfoloških osobina definisanih od strane Međunarodnog udruženja za zaštitu novih sorti biljaka (UPOV). Karakterizacija KG-linija pšenice je izvršena za 7 kvalitativnih osobina. Poljski ogledi su izvedeni u dvogodišnjem periodu (2013/2014. i 2014/2015.) na tri lokacije: Institut za krmno bilje u Kruševcu, Agroinstitut u Somboru, Centar za strna žita i razvoj sela u Kragujevcu. Ekspresija analiziranih svojstava ispitana je vizuelnim opažanjem i ocenjena odgovarajućim brojem prema UPOV deskriptoru za pšenicu. Većinu KG-genotipova odlikuje piramidalan klas bele boje sa prisutnim zupcima. Izuzetak čini genotip KG-162/7 koji ima paralelan klas, kao i genotip KG-191/5-13 sa vretenastim oblikom klasa. Takođe, za razliku od svih ostalih genotipova, genotip KG-60-3/3 karakteriše klas sa prisutnim osjem. Svojstvo donja plevica – širina ramena se kretala u rasponu od uskog, do veoma širokog, dok su svi genotipovi imali ravan oblik ramena donje plevice. Analizirani genotipovi pšenice pripadaju ozimom tipu., In this research, the characterization of promising winter wheat genotypes was carried out based on the descriptors of morphological traits defined by the International Association for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV). Characterization of KG-lines of wheat was carried out for 7 qualitative traits. Experimental trial was carried out in a two-year period (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) at three locations: Institute for Forage Crops in Kruševac, Agroinstitut in Sombor and Centre for Small Grains and Rural Development in Kragujevac. The expression of the analyzed properties was examined by visual observation and evaluated with a corresponding number according to the UPOV descriptor for wheat. Most KG-genotypes are characterized by a white pyramidal ear with scurs present. The exception is the genotype KG-162/7, which has a parallel spike, as well as the genotype KG-191/5-13, which has a spindle-shaped spike. Also, unlike all other genotypes, genotype KG-60-3/3 is characterized by a spike with a present awns. Lower glume characteristic – shoulder width ranged from narrow to very wide, while all genotypes had a flat lower glume shoulder shape. The analyzed wheat genotypes belong to the winter type.

In the two-year field experiment (2013/2014 and 2014/2015), the variability of yield and hectoliter grain mass of 14 winter wheat genotypes was examined. The research was conducted in three locations across the Republic of Serbia: Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac, Institute for forage crops in Kruševac and Agroinstitute in Sombor. Significant differences in grain yield were found between varieties, locations, years and their interactions, while the influence of the location did not show significant differences in hectoliter mass. Grain yield of studied wheat genotypes in 2013/2014 varied from 3.91 t ha-1 (KG-244/4) to 5.55 t ha-1 (KG-60-3/3), and in 2014/2015 from 5.67 t ha-1 (KG-162/7) to 7.08 t ha-1 (KG-27/6). The hectoliter mass also varied, and most often ranged from 72.1 kg hl-1 (KG-28/6) to 77.2 kg hl-1 (KG-191/5-13) in the first experimental year and from 76.7 kg hl-1 (KG-27/6) to 81.9 kg hl-1 (KG-191/5-13) in the second year. Unfavorable weather conditions which prevailed in the first experimental year, conditioned the formation of smaller and shriveled grains. As a result, the examined KG-wheat genotypes gave lower values in grain yield and hectoliter mass in 2013/2014 compared to 2014/2015. In this study, higher values of heritability in a broad sense were obtained for hectoliter mass (73.66%), and lower values for grain yield (25.82%). This indicates that direct breeding for grain yield is less efficient and it is necessary to have knowledge about the nature of the inheritance of important yield components in order to improve this complex trait.

Poljski ogled sa sortama pšenice Takovčanka, Kruna i Aleksandra postavljen je na zemljištu tipa smonica tokom dve vegetacione sezone. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri kragujevačke sorte pšenice analizira prinos, masa 1000 zrna i hektolitarska masa. Najveće vrednosti ispitivanih osobina ustanovljene su u vegetacionoj 2019/20. godini. Najveći prinos zrna tokom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja ustanovljen je kod sorte Kruna. Sorta Takovčanka odlikovala se najvećom masom 1000 zrna. Najveće vrednosti hektolitarske mase ustanovljene su kod sorte Aleksandra, u obe ispitivane godine. Analizom varijanse ustanovljen je visoko značajan uticaj interakcije agroklimatskih uslova na prinos, masu 1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu i značajan uticaj genotipa na hektolitarsku masu kod ispitivanih sorti ozime pšenice., The field experiment with the wheat varieties Takovčanka, Kruna and Aleksandra was set up on the smonitza-type soil during the two growing seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the yield, weight of 1000 grains and hectolitre weight of three Kragujevac wheat varieties. The highest values of the observed properties were established in the 2019/20 vegetation year. Variety Kruna had the highest grain yield during the twoyear study. The Takovčanka variety was characterized by the highest weight of 1000 grains. The highest values of hectolitre weight were found in the Aleksandra variety in both study years. The analysis of variance established a highly significant influence of agro climatic conditions on the yield, weight of 1000 grains and the hectolitre weight and significant influence of genotype on the hectolitre weight of the tested varieties of winter wheat.

Poljski ogled sa sortama pšenice Takovčanka, Kruna i Aleksandrapostavljen je na zemljištu tipa smonica tokom dve vegetacione sezone.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri kragujevačke sorte pšenice analiziraprinos, masa 1000 zrna i hektolitarska masa. Najveće vrednostiispitivanih osobina ustanovljene su u vegetacionoj 2019/20. godini.Najveći prinos zrna tokom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja ustanovljen je kodsorte Kruna. Sorta Takovčanka odlikovala se najvećom masom 1000zrna. Najveće vrednosti hektolitarske mase ustanovljene su kod sorteAleksandra, u obe ispitivane godine. Analizom varijanse ustanovljen jevisoko značajan uticaj interakcije agroklimatskih uslova na prinos, masu1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu i značajan uticaj genotipa na hektolitarskumasu kod ispitivanih sorti ozime pšenice., The field experiment with the wheat varieties Takovčanka, Kruna andAleksandra was set up on the smonitza-type soil during the two growing seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the yield, weight of 1000grains and hectolitre weight of three Kragujevac wheat varieties. Thehighest values of the observed properties were established in the 2019/20vegetation year. Variety Kruna had the highest grain yield during the twoyearstudy. The Takovčanka variety was characterized by the highestweight of 1000 grains. The highest values of hectolitre weight were foundin the Aleksandra variety in both study years. The analysis of varianceestablished a highly significant influence of agro climatic conditions on theyield, weight of 1000 grains and the hectolitre weight and significantinfluence of genotype on the hectolitre weight of the tested varieties ofwinter wheat.

This research was conducted with some spike traits of twenty winter six-row barley genotypes in six environments. The aim of this study was to determine the significance and take advantage useful genotype by environment interacton (GEI) by applying AMMI-1 model. High statistical significance GEI was determined. Wide adaptability genotypes were J-29, J-33, J-9 and J-21 for spike length (SL) as Grand and Ozren for grain number per spike (GNS). The winner genotypes in all environments were Ozren and Grand for SL as Ozren for GNS. All the examined environments can be considered as one megaenvironment, which indicates that unpredictable interactions dominate in this research.

Interakcija genotipa i spoljašnje sredine (GEI) je kompleksan problem koji komplikuje proces selekcije i oplemenjivanja ratarskih kultura te je stoga važno utvrditi njenu značajnost i iskoristiti njene pozitivne karakteristike. U radu je analiziran prinos zrna dvadeset genotipova ozimog dvoredog ječma u šest spoljašnjih sredina (dve vegetacione sezone na tri lokaliteta). Za analizu interakcije korišćen je linearni mešoviti model i model glavnih efekata i višestruke interakcije (AMMI) sa AMMI1 biplot prikazom. Utvrđena je visoka statistička značajnost interakcije dok je AMMI1 model objasnio 40.1% varijacije interakcije. Stabilnost genotipova određena je parametrima stabilnosti AMMI modela (AMMI1, AMMI2 i ASV) i utvrđena je značajna korelacija rangova genotipova između njih. Prinos nije pokazao značajnu korelaciju ni sa jednim parametrom. Na osnovu Genotip Selekcionog Indeksa (GSI), genotipovi J-82, J-103, NS-589 i J-176 su izdvojeni kao široko adaptabilni i superiorni u pogledu prinosa i stabilnosti što je potvrđeno i biplot prikazom. Genotipovi koji su na osnovu AMMI1 procenjenih vrednosti prinosa preporučeni za svaki od lokaliteta su najprinosniji NS-525, NS-593, J-176, NS-589, J-103 i J-82. Razlike u interakcijskom efektu između godina (Zemun Polje i Zaječar) kao i slab diskriminatorski efekat (Kragujevac) ne izdvajaju ni jedan lokalitet kao pogodnu test lokaciju. Winner pristupom, sve ispitivane sredine možemo smatrati kao jednu mega-sredinu što ukazuje da u ogledu dominiraju nepredvidive interakcije što specifične adaptacije čini manje značajnim. AMMI1 model je pouzdan i informativan u interpretaciji interakcije i ništa se značajno neće promeniti ako se druga interakcijska komponenta naknadno uključi. Izdvojene su neke inbred linije ječma što ovaj model čini pogodnim u selekciji perspektivnih genotipova., Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is a complex problem which complicates the selection and breeding process of field crops, and therefore it is important to determine the significance and take advantage of GEI. The paper analyzed the grain yield of twenty genotypes of winter two-row barley in six environments (two growing seasons in three localities). A linear mixed model and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model with AMMI1 biplot display were used for interaction analysis. High statistical significance GEI was determined and AMMI1 model was explain 47% of interaction. The stability of the genotypes was estimated by different AMMI stability parameters (AMMI1, AMMI2 and ASV) and a significant correlation was established between them. Grain yield and stability were not related. Genotypes J-82, J-103, NS-589 and J-176 were selected as superior and wide adaptability using Genotype Selection Index (GSI). They highlight as stable and high yielding which was agreement with results of biplot analysis. On based AMMI1 estimates of grain yield, the genotypes recommended in each of the localities were the most yielding NS-525, NS-593, J-176, NS-589, J-103and J-82. The difference in the interaction effect by year (Zemun Polje and Zaječar) and weak discriminating effect (Kragujevac) does not sepatare any suitable test location. By winner approach, all the examined environments can be considered as one mega-environment, which indicates that unpredictable interactions dominate in this research, due to which specific adaptations were not of high importance. AMMI1 model is reliable and informative in the interpretation of the GEI which indicates that essentially nothing happens when the second interaction axis is subsequently included. Some inbred lines of barley have stood out, which makes this model suitable for the selection of perspective genotypes.

Centar za strna žita i razvoj sela Kragujevac predstavlja istraživačkorazvojnu ustanovu, čiji koreni datiraju od Poljoprivredne i hemijske ogledne stanice u Topčideru, prve naučne institucije formirane u Kraljevini Srbije. Tokom 75 godina samostalnog postojanja u Kragujevcu, u vidu Instituta, Zavoda ili Centra, brojni naučni radnici i ostali zaposleni dali su značajan doprinos razvoju poljoprivredne proizvodnje u Srbiji, u prvom redu strnih žita. Stvoreno je 95 sorti ozimih i jarih strnih žita i formirane su kolekcije genotipova svih vrsta strnih žita sa preko 4.000 uzoraka. Odbranjen je veliki broj magistarskih teza i doktorskih disertacija i objavljeno skoro 2000 radova. Očuvan je bibliotečki fond sa velikim brojem starih i vrednih knjiga iz oblasti poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Relizovan je veliki broj projekata u saradnji sa domaćim i inostranim institucijama., Centre for Small Grains and Rural Development in Kragujevac is a research and development institution, whose roots date back to the Agricultural and Chemical Experiment Station in Topčider, the first scientific institution formed in the Kingdom of Serbia. During the 75 years of independent existence in Kragujevac, in the form of an Institute or Center, numerous scientific workers and other employees made a significant contribution to the development of agricultural production in Serbia, primarily small grains. 95 varieties of winter and spring small grains were created and collections of genotypes of all types of small grains with over 4,000 samples were formed. A large number of master's theses and doctoral dissertations were created and almost 2000 papers were published. The library fund with a large number of old and valuable books in the field of agricultural production has been preserved. A large number of projects were realized in cooperation with domestic and foreign institutions.

U radu je prikazana uporedna efikasnost dva insekticida prirodnog porekla, Spinosada i Abamektina, koji nisu registrovani za uskladištenu zrnastu robu, ali su u širokoj upotrebi u organskoj proizvodnji. Efikasnost ovih insekticida ispitivana je na žitnom kukuljičaru Rhyzopertha dominica F., kao primarnoj štetočini koja može da infestira sve vrste uskladištenih strnih žita. Insekticidi Laser 240 SC i Abastate EC primenjeni su u količini 0,25, 0,5 i 1,0 g a.s. kg-1 žita (pšenica, raž, tritikale, ječam i ovas). Utvrđena je veća inicijalna efikasnost Spinosada, čijom primenom nije ustanovljen „efekat zrna“. Povećanjem doze primene i dužine ekspozicije povećava se efikasnost Abamektina i smanjuje razlika u efikasnosti između ispitivanih vrsta žita. Deset sedmica posle tretiranja Spinosadom i Abamektinom nije utvrđena pojava potomstva R. dominica. Iako imaju različite mehanizme delovanja, rezultati ukazuju na moguću upotrebu i Spinosada i Abamektina u zaštiti uskladištenog strnog žita., This paper analyzed the comparative effectiveness of two insecticides of natural origin, Spinosad and Abamectin, which are not registered for grain storage, but are widely used in organic production. The effectiveness of these insecticides was tested on the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica F. as a primary pest that can infest all types of small grains. The insecticides Laser 240 SC and Abastate EC were applied in the amount of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g a.s. kg-1 grain (wheat, rye, triticale, barley and oats). A greater initial efficiency of Spinosad was established, with the application of which no "grain effect" was recorded. Increasing the application dose and the length of exposure of R. dominica increases the effectiveness of Abamectin, and reduces the difference in the effectiveness to the tested types of grain. Ten weeks after exposure to Spinosad and Abamectin the research did not determine the presence of R. dominica offspring. Although they have different mechanisms of action, the results indicate the possible use of Spinosad and Abamectin in the protection of stored small grains.

Naučni skup “125 godina primenjene nauke u poljoprivredi Srbije” organizovan je sa željom da se širem auditorijumu ukaže na sve dobre stvari koje je domaća nauka dala na dar našem društvu do danas. Uticaji globalizacije, kako pozitivni tako i negativni, odavno su prisutni u svakodnevnom životu ali i nauci. Prihvatanje dobrih i odbacivanje loših strana ovog procesa treba da obezbedi dalji razvoj domaće nauke i održanje visokog nivoa ostvarenih rezultata naučno-istraživačkog rada. Pored toga, cilj održavanja skupa je upoznavanje šire naučne i stručne javnosti sa rezultatima najnovijih naučnih istraživanja iz oblasti primenjenih poljoprivrednih nauka, čiji je cilj proučavanje različitih faktora koji u velikoj meri određuju današnju poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. U Zborniku radova naučnog skupa “125 godina primenjene nauke u poljoprivredi Srbije” štampano je 20 radova, od kojih neki predstavljaju multidisciplinarna istraživanja iz oblasti biotehnologije. Osim sa naučnog, Zbornik će biti veoma vredna publikacija koja čitaoca upoznaje sa radom i istorijatom nekih od najvažnijih naučno-istraživačkih ustanova iz oblasti biotehnologije u Republici Srbiji. Zahvaljujemo se članovima Programskog i Organizacionog odbora naučnog skupa, svim ustanovama i kolegama koji su direktno učestvovali ili na bilo koji način pomogli organizaciju ovog skupa. Posebnu zahvalnost izražavamo Ministarstvu nauke, tehnološkog razvoja i inovacija Republike Srbije, koje je finansijski podržalo održavanje naučno skupa. Zahvaljujemo se Gradu Kragujevcu i Univerzitetu u Kragujevcu na podršci tokom organizacije skupa.

Hiljadama godina, poljoprivredna proizvodnja predstavlja osnovu razvoja i napretka različitih civilizacija na Zemlji. Poslednjih decenija, rizik od pojave opšte gladi je daleko od poimanja realnosti savremenog čoveka. Kao društvo i deo savremenog čovečanstva, naviknuti smo na izobilje i dostupnost poljoprivrednih proizvoda kakvo do današnjih dana nije viđeno uprkos rekordnom povećanju broja stanovnika na našoj planeti. Dobrim delom, ovo je omogućeno trudom i radom naših starijih kolega oplemenjivača, selekcionera i agronoma i njihovih prethodnika, koji su predanim naučnoistraživačkim radom i deljenjem stečenih znanja i iskustava, uspešno realizovali brojna istraživanja i projektne aktivnosti u vezi sa gajenjem i oplemenjivanjem bilja. S druge strane, istraživači se danas susreću sa novim izazovima i problemima savremene poljoprivrede (genetička erozija, klimatske promene, neravnomerne i nedovoljne padavine, suša, pojačano sunčevo zračenje, dezertifikacija, promena namene poljoprivrednog zemljišta i dr.). U okviru Zbornika III Nacionalnog naučnog skupa sa međunarodnim učešćem „Biotehnologija i savremeni pristup u gajenju i oplemenjivanju bilja”, štampano je 29 radova, u kojima su prikazani rezultati istraživanja usmereni na selekciju, oplemenjivanje, agrotehniku i zaštitu ratarskog i povrtarskog bilja. Učesnicima skupa, članovima odbora, autorima radova, recenzentima i svima koji su doprineli realizaciji skupa srdačno se zahvaljujemo. Posebnu zahvalnost dugujemo Ministarstvu nauke, tehnološkog razvoja i inovacija koje je i ove godine prepoznalo i podržalo naš trud i učinjene napore, materijalno podržavši skup. Takođe, zahvaljujemo se i suorganizatorima skupa: Institutu za kukuruz Zemun polje - Beograd, Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad - institutu od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Zemun-Beograd, Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Novi Sad i Univerzitetu „Bijeljina” u Bijeljini.

U radu je urađeno istraživanje varijabilnosti i korelacija između prinosa i komponenti prinosa kod sorti ozime pšenice (Aleksandra, Aurelia, Planeta, Cipovka i Zemunska Rosa). Analizom varijanse su ustanovljene visoko značajne razlike za prinos i komponente prinosa između sorti, godina i njihove interakcije. Korelacije i Path analiza ukazuju da masa zrna po biljci ima statistički značajan i pozitivan direktni efekat (0,363*) na prinos zrna. Indirektno, ova osobina najveći doprinos povećanju prinosa zrna ostvarila je preko mase 1000 zrna (0,120) i mase zrna po klasu (0,102). Masa zrna po klasu i masa 1000 zrna imaju pozitivan direktni efekat na prinos zrna, ali bez statističke značajnosti. Pozitivna korelacija mase zrna po klasu i mase 1000 zrna sa prinosom zrna rezultat je indirektnog efekta koji ove osobine ostvaruju preko mase zrna po biljci., In this paper, the variability and correlation between yield and yield components in winter wheat varieties (Aleksandra, Aurelia, Planeta, Cipovka and Zemunska Rosa) were investigated. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for yield and yield components between cultivars, years and their interactions. Correlations and Path analysis indicate that grain mass per plant has a statistically significant and positive direct effect (0.363*) on grain yield. Indirectly, this trait made the biggest contribution to the increase in grain yield through the mass of 1000 grains (0.120) and the mass of grains per ear (0.102). Grain weight per ear and weight of 1000 grains have a positive direct effect on grain yield, but without statistical significance. The positive correlation of grain mass per ear and mass of 1000 grains with grain yield is the result of the indirect effect that these traits achieve through grain mass per plant.

Pri donošenju odluka o selekcionom materijalu na osnovu prikupljenih podataka, oplemenjivači širom sveta sve češće koriste veštačku inteligenciju. Termin „veštačka inteligencija“ (VI) opisuje sposobnost mašina da oponašaju ljudsku inteligenciju. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da prikaže način funkcionisanja VI uz objašnjenje odgovarajućih termina, kao što su: algoritam, mašinsko učenje, duboko učenje, neuronska mreža, stabla odlučivanja, mašine vektora podrške, obuka ili trening za razvoj VI, računarstvo u oblaku, grafičke procesorske jedinice (GPU) i lokalni klasteri GPU. U radu se navode aktuelni oblici korišćenja VI u oplemenjivanju biljaka i diskutuju mogućnosti i izazovi primene VI u narednom periodu., When making decisions about selection material based on collected data, breeders around the world are increasingly using artificial intelligence. The term "artificial intelligence" (AI) describes the ability of machines to imitate human intelligence. This paper aims to show how AI works by explaining the relevant terms, such as: algorithm, machine learning, deep learning, neural network, decision trees, support vector machines, training for AI, cloud computing, graphics processing units (GPUs) and local GPU clusters. The paper lists the current forms of using AI in plant breeding and discusses the possibilities and challenges of using AI in the future.

U dvogodišnjem istraživanju, sprovedenom na ritskoj crnici, analiziran je uticaj genotipa, vegetacione sezone i njihove interakcije na varijaciju prinosa zrna po biljci i mase 1000 zrna kod 16 genotipova pšenice. Uslovi povećane suše su značajno uticali na smanjenje ispitivanih osobina kod svih analiziranih genotipova. Faktor interakcije je imao najveći doprinos fenotipskoj ekspresiji prinosa zrna (47,74%), dok je faktor godina imao najveći udeo u varijaciji mase 1000 zrna (79,77%). Najveći prinos zrna u obe vegetacione sezone je ostvario genotip Skopjanka. Genotipovi Dukat i Iskra se karakterišu najslabijom reakcijom na stres, uz postignut visok prinos zrna u uslovima suše. Genotip Iskra se izdvaja najvećom vrednošću mase 1000 zrna u uslovima stresa suše, dok je genotip Dunavka postigao najveću vrednost mase 1000 zrna u povoljnim uslovima sredine., A two-year study on the humogley examined the effects of genotype, vegetation season, and their interaction on the variation in grain yield per plant and thousand grain weight in 16 wheat genotypes. Increased drought had a significant impact on the reduction of both investigated traits. The interaction of factors had the largest contribution to the phenotypic expression of grain yield per plant (47.74%), while the factor of vegetation season had the largest share in the variation of thousand grain weight (79.77%). Genotype Skopjanka achieved the highest grain yield per plant in both growing seasons. Genotypes Dukat and Iskra are characterized by the weakest reaction to stress and a high grain yield achieved under drought conditions. Genotype Iskra is distinguished by having the highest thousand grain weight under drought stress, while genotype Dunavka achieved the highest thousand grain weight under favorable environmental conditions.

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that limit the productivity of crops, including wheat, in many regions of the world. Therefore, the priority in wheat breeding, to ensure global food security, is developing varieties that are adapted to saline environments. In situ, evaluation of wheat genotypes can provide valuable information on the performance of different genotypes under natural saline conditions and can help to identify the most salt-tolerant genotypes. To ensure an accurate evaluation of the performance of twenty-seven wheat genotypes under different environments, the trial was conducted on two different soil types (solonetz and chernozem) in two growing seasons. AMMI analysis shows that the environmental factor had the largest share (55.15%) in the variation of grain yield, where soil type had a dominant effect. Genotypes Renesansa, Harmonija, and Bankut 1205 achieved a high grain yield on both soil types. However, among the mentioned genotypes, the genotype Harmonija showed the highest tolerance to salinity. A significant proportion of the genotype and environment interaction (GEI; 25.89%) shows that there is a change in the ranking of genotypes across environments. According to the AMMI1 biplot, the genotypes Renesansa and Harmonija were distinguished by high grain yield and high stability. The environment Chernozem 2015/2016 had the greatest contribution to the GEI and the highest grain yield, while Solonetz 2017/2018 was characterized by the highest stability and the lowest grain yield. According to the AMMI2 biplot, genotype Harmonija achieved high stability in unfavourable environmental conditions that characterized the environment Solonetz 2017/2018., Zaslanjenost spada u najvažnije faktore abiotičkog stresa koji ograničavaju produktivnost useva, uključujući pšenicu, u mnogim regionima sveta. Stoga je razvoj sorti pšenice koje su prilagođene uslovima zaslanjenosti prioritet za globalnu sigurnost hrane. Procena genotipova u realnim uslovima – in situ može pružiti odgovarajuće informacije o performansama različitih genotipova u realnim uslovima i pomoći u identifikaciji tolerantnih genotipova na salinitet. Da bi se obezbedila tačna procena, dvadeset sedam genotipova pšenice ispitivano je u različitim agroekološkim sredinama. Ogled je zasnovan na dva različita tipa zemljišta (solonjec i černozem) tokom dve vegetacione sezone. AMMI analiza pokazuje da je faktor spoljašnje sredine imao najveće učešće (55,15%) u varijaciji prinosa zrna, gde je dominantan uticaj imao tip zemljišta. Genotipovi Renesansa, Harmonija i Bankut 1205, ostvarili su visok prinos zrna na oba tipa zemljišta. Među navedenim genotipovima najveću toleranciju na salinitet ispoljio je genotip Harmonija. Značajan udeo interakcije genotipa i sredine (GEI; 25,89%) u ukupnom variranju pokazuje da postoji promena u rangiranju genotipova u različitim sredinama. Prema AMMI1 biplotu, genotipovi Renesansa i Harmonija su se odlikovali visokim prinosom zrna i visokom stabilnošću. U agroekološkoj sredini Černozem 2015/2016, koja je imala najveći doprinos interakciji, postignut je najveći prinos zrna, dok je u agroekološkoj sredini Solonjec 2017/2018 ostvarena najveća stabilnost, ali i najniži prinos zrna. Prema AMMI2 biplotu, genotip Harmonija je postigao visoku stabilnost u nepovoljnim uslovima sredine Solonjec 2017/2018.

U ovom radu su ispitivane osobine kvaliteta zrna pet genotipova ozimog krupnika (Nirvana, KG-37-8/3, KG-54-7/3, KG-54-8/1 i KG-54- 2/3). Ogledi su izvedeni po principima organske proizvodnje tokom dve vegetacione sezone. Urađene su analize sadržaja proteina u zrnu i hektolitarska masa zrna. Sadržaj proteina, u proseku, se kretao u rasponu od 12,03% (KG-54-8/1) do 13,06% i 13,02% (KG-54-2/3 i KG-54-8/1). Vrednosti su bile statistički značajno veće (13,59%**) u prvoj nego u drugoj godini istraživanja (11,90%**). U ovim istraživanjima, u proseku za obe godine, najveću hektolitarsku masu imala je linija KG-37-8/3 (82,46 kg hl-1), koja je imala i najveću vrednost u celom ogledu (88,30 kg hl-1), a zatim linije KG-54-7/3 (79,16 kg hl-1) i KG-54-2/3 (78,80 kg hl-1). Analizom varijanse su ustanovljene statistički visoko značajne razlike između genotipova, godina i njihovih interakcija za obe ispitivane osobine kvaliteta zrna krupnika., In this work, the grain quality characteristics of five genotypes of winter wheat (Nirvana, KG37-8/3, KG-54-7/3, KG-54-8/1 and KG-54- 2/3) were examined. The experiments were carried out according to the principles of organic production during two growing seasons. Analyzes of grain protein content and hectoliter grain weight were performed. The protein content, on average, ranged from 12,03% (KG-54-8/1) to 13.06% and 13.02% (KG-54-2/3 and KG-54-8/1, respectively). The values were statistically significant higher (13.59%**) in the first than in the second year of the research (11.90%**). In these studies, on average for both years, line KG-37-8/3 (82.46 kg hl-1) had the highest hectoliter weight, which also had the highest value in the entire trial (88.30 kg hl-1 ), and then lines KG-54-7/3 (79.16 kg hl-1) and KG-54-2/3 (78.80 kg hl-1). Analysis of variance revealed statistically highly significant differences between genotypes, years and their interactions for both tested grain quality traits.

U radu je analizirana stabilnost prinosa 14 genotipova ozime hlebne pšenice. Eksperimentalni deo ogleda izveden je tokom 2013/2014. godine na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Kruševac i Sombor). Analiza varijanse AMMI modelom za prinos zrna pokazala je da su svi izvori varijacije (genotip, spoljna sredina, njihova interakcija) značajno uticali na ekspresiju ove kompleksne osobine. U ukupnoj varijaciji ogleda, najveće učešće imala je interakcija genotip/sredina, a najmanje genotip. Izdvojeni su stabilni genotipovi pšenice, adaptirani na nepovoljne uslove spoljašnje sredine, koji mogu poslužiti kao roditelji za ukrštanja u budućim oplemenjivačkim programima., In these investigations, the yield stability of 14 winter bread wheat genotypes were analyzed. The experimental part of the trial was performed at three locations (Kragujevac, Kruševac and Sombor) during 2013/2014. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield showed that all sources of variation (genotype, environment, their interaction) had a significant effect on the expression of this complex trait. In the total variation of the experiment, the largest contribution had genotype/enviroment interaction, and genotype had the least. The most stable genotypes have been identified, which can be considered as a desirable genotypes, widely adapted to different agroecological conditions.

Stability of grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and sedimentation value were analyzed in 10 winter wheat cultivars (Perfekta, Toplica, KG-52/3, Merkur, Vizeljka, Talas, NS 40S, Zvezdana, Javorka and Pobeda), created in different breeding institutions in Serbia. The experiment was carried out during 2019/2020 in two localities: Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac and Institute for Forage Crops in Kruševac, Serbia. The analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in grain yield, between genotypes, investigated localities, as well as their interaction. The influence of the locality did not show statistical significance on the expression of 1000 kernel weight and sedimentation value. The highest average values were recorded by Perfekta for grain yield, Zvezdana for 1000 kernel weight and KG-52/3 for sedimentation value at both localities. The AMMI model was used for analysis of genotype × environment interaction. The most stabile cultivars were Vizeljka, NS 40S and Perfekta with values above the average for grain yield. Cultivars Talas, KG-52/3 and Javorka showed the highest stability for the 1000 kernel weight. Cultivar Javorka had the highest, while Talas and KG-52/3 had the lowest average values for this trait. Vizeljka and KG-52/3 were the most stable genotypes for sedimentation value, with KG-52/3 achieving the highest values of the observed trait at the level of the entire experiment. Both analyzed locations had high interaction value for all three analyzed traits.

In the breeding program of bread wheat, in the last years, a substantial focus has been directed towards the creation of genotypes that, in addition to high yields, have a high grain quality. Also, an increased stability of quality in different environmental conditions is one of the main tasks of selection at the global level. The goal of this research is the investigation of stability expression regarding sedimentation volume and wet gluten content for 14 genotypes of winter bread wheat using AMMI model. Field experiment was conducted at three localities: Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac, Institute for Forage Crops in Krusevac and Agroinstitute in Sombor, Serbia. Analysis of the variance showed that all sources of variation (G, E, G × E) showed statistical significance, where the environmental effect represents statistically the most significant source of variability in expression on sedimentation volume (40.64%) and genotype in expression of wet gluten content (50.42%). It has been established that the most stable genotypes for sedimentation volume were KG-244/4 and KG-199/4, and for wet gluten content genotypes KG-307/4 and KG-52/3.

U radu je analizirano 10 genotipova ozime pšenice tokom dve vegetacione sezne (2012/2013, 2013/2014). Eksperimentalni deo ogleda izveden je na oglednom polju Centra za strna žita u Kragujevcu. Ispitivane su osobine tehnološkog kvaliteta pšenice: sedimentacija proteina i sadržaj vlažnog glutena. Rezultati dobijeni u ovim istraživanjima ukazuju da se period oplodnje i nalivanja zrna, u drugoj proučavanoj godini, odvijao pri nižoj temperaturi vazduha i ekstremno visokoj količina padavina, što je negativno uticalo na kvalite pšenice. U proseku, svi genotipovi pšenice su ostvarili niže vrednosti sedimentacije proteina i sadržaja vlažnog glutena u 2013/2014. u poređenju sa 2012/2013. godinom., In these studies, 10 winter wheat genotypes were analyzed during two growing seasons (2012/2013, 2013/2014). The experimental part of the trial was conducted on Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac. There were analyzed some of the most important technological qualities traits: sedimentation value and wet gluten content. According to our results, the period of heading and grain filling characterized by lower air temperatures and extremely high rainfall, which negatively affected the grain quality of wheat. On average, all genotypes achieved a lower protein sedimentation value and wet gluten content in 2013/2014. compared to 2012/2013 year.

In these studies, 14 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp vulgare L.) genotypes were analyzed in three localities across the Republic of Serbia. Some morphological and the most important productive traits were analysed in order to determine the relationship between grain yield and these traits in the year with extreme wet conditions during period of intensive wheat development (April-June period). According to our results, period of stem extension, heading and grain filling characterized by lower air temperatures and extremely high rainfall at all three localities, had detrimental effects on the grain filling process. The genotypes KG-191/5-13 and KG-1/6 achieved above average values of the most desirable traits in all three localities, and can be singled out as desirable parents in breeding programs to create new and improved varieties of wheat. Based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, two groups of similar genotypes were distinguished. The highest degree of positive correlation was found between diameter of the first internode and diameter of top internode; number of spikelets per spike and number of fertile spikelets per spike; grain mass/spike and grain mass/plant; plant height and length of the top internode.

Srednje rana sorta ozimog heksaploidnog tritikalea, odličnog produktivnog bokorenja, prosečne visine oko 110 cm i vrlo dobre otpornosti prema poleganju. Ima veoma visoku otpornost prema niskim temperaturama i suši, odličnu otpornost prema pepelnici i lisnoj rđi i vrlo dobru otpornost prema stabljičnoj rđi. Tolerantna je prema napadu leme i drugih štetnih insekata. Ima srednje krupno i dobro naliveno zrno čija masa varira od 35-40 g/1000 zrna. Zrno ove sorte je srednje bogato proteinima koji variraju u granicama od 13,5 do 15%. Veoma je rodna sorta stabilnih prinosa, dok njeni maksimalni prinosi dostižu i do 11 t/ha. Ima dobru tolerantnost prema kiselim, peskovitim i zemljištima slabije plodnosti a može se uspešno gajiti i na većim nadmorskim visinama. Veoma je pogodna za ishranu stoke (za zrno ili zelenu masu) ali se njeno brašno može koristiti i za proizvodnju specijalnih vrsta hleba raženog tipa. Optimalne rezultate kod nas postiže u setvi do polovine oktobra, setvenom normom 550-600 klijavih zrna/m 2 , tj. od 220 do 250 kg/ha semena, na plodnim i srednje plodnim zemljištima uz ishranu koja je uobičajena za intenzivne sorte ozimog tritikalea (100-140 kg/ha azota predsetveno i u prihrani, uz adekvatne količine fosfora i kalijuma). Veoma je konkurentna u odnosu na korove i pogodna za organsku proizvodnju.

Bread wheat is one of the most represented field crops whose level and stability of yield is very important for the food security in Republic Serbia. In the paper was investigated stability of yield expression of 15 winter bread wheat genotypes in different agroecological conditions of Serbia, using the Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and GGE-biplot method of analysis. Aim of investigation was to determine which of applied analysis is superior in identification of the most desirable genotypes for cultivation in given environments. Analysis of variance showed that genotype and genotype-environment (G×E) interaction represent highly significant sources of variability in expression of grain yield. AMMI and GGE analyses were point out similar results and an indisputable conclusion is that multienvironment trials, besides routine usage of analysis of variance, must be analized with one of this two models, which combine analysis of variance and PCA analysis. AMMI analysis is simpler for interpretation and closer to the concept of view of the agronomical trial, while GGE analysis is more complex and gives more precise interpretation of “which-won-where“, i.e. for defining of narrowly adapted genotypes in given environments. Thus, G11 as the genotype with highest average yield is narrow adapted to the environment Sombor and can be recommended, as well as in the environment 2 (Kruševac), while genotypes with modest requests (G2) rather can be recommended for cultivation in the environment 1 (Kragujevac), which is characterized by less fertile soil and a smaller amount and uneven distribution of precipitation., Hlebna pšenica je jedna od najzastupljenijih ratarskih vrsta, čiji je nivo i stabilnost prinosa veoma važan za prehrambenu sigurnost Republike Srbije. U radu je ispitivana stabilnost ekspresije prinosa zrna 15 genotipova ozime hlebne pšenice u različitim agroekološkim uslovima Srbije, korišćenjem AMMI modela i GGE-biplot analize. Cilj je bio da se utvrdi koja od primenjenih analiza je superiornija u identifikaciji najpoželjnijih genotipova za gajenje u datim sredinama. Analiza varijanse je pokazala da genotip i interakcija genotip-sredina (G×E) predstavljaju veoma značajan izvor varijabilnosti pri ekspresiji prinosa zrna. AMMI i GGE analize su dale slične rezultate, pa je nesporan zaključak da je neophodno višelokacijske oglede, pored analizom varijanse koja se najćešće rutinski koristi, analizirati i jednim od ova dva modela, koji kombinuju analizu varijanse i PCA analizu. AMMI analiza je jednostavnija za interpretaciju i bliža je agronomskom konceptu poimanja ogleda, dok je GGE analiza kompleksnija i jasnija za interpretaciju gde ko pobeđuje, odnosno za definisanje usko prilagođenih genotipova datim sredinama. Tako G11, kao genotip sa najvećim prosečnim prinosom je usko prilagođen lokaciji Sombor, pa se prevashodno može preporučiti toj lokaciji ali i lokaciji 2 (Kruševac), dok se genotipovi skromnijih zahteva (G2) pre mogu preporučiti za gajenje u lokaciji 1 (Kragujevac), koja se odlikuje lošijim zemljištem i manjom količinom i lošijim rasporedom padavina.

U radu je obavljeno istraživanje varijabilnosti komponenti prinosa (broj zrna po klasu i masa zrna po klasu) kod sedam genotipova ozime durum pšenice. Analizirane su tri sorte durum pšenice (Windur, Žitka i KG Olimpik) i četiri perspektivne linije Centra za strna žita i razvoj sela Kragujevac (KG-28-6, KG-3405-03, KG-43-33-1 i KG-44-3-1). Ogled je izveden na sertifikovanom organskom gazdinstvu u Čačku, po principima organske proizvodnje tokom dve vegetacione sezone (2012/2013. i 2013/2014.). Ustanovljene su statistički visoko značajne razlike za genotip i interakciju genotip×godina kod obe ispitivane komponente prinosa. U ukupnoj varijansi za oba svojstva, najveći udeo pripadao je interakciji, a značajno manji ostalim komponentama varijanse. Ispitivane komponente prinosa su pokazale izraženu varijabilnost, što je potvrđeno i koeficijentom varijacije. Najveći broj zrna po klasu, u proseku, imala je linija KG-3405-03 (46,0), koja je ostvarila i najveću masu zrna po klasu (1,5 g)., In this paper, the variability of yield components (number of grains per spike and weight of grains per spike) was investigated in seven genotypes of winter durum wheat. Three varieties of durum wheat (Windur, Žitka and KG Olimpik) and four perspective lines of the Center for Small Grains and Rural Development Kragujevac (KG-28-6, KG-3405-03, KG- 43-33-1 and KG-44-3-1) were analyzed. The experiment was carried out on a certified organic farm in Čačak, according to the principles of organic production during two growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). A highly significant statistical differences were found for the genotype and the genotype×year interaction in both examined yield components. In the total variance for both properties, the largest share belonged to the interaction, and a significantly smaller part belonged to the other variance components. The studied yield components showed remarkable variability, which was also confirmed by the coefficient of variation. On average, KG-3405-03 had the highest number of grains per spike (46.0), which also achieved the highest grain weight per spike (1.5 g).

U proizvodnji atestiranih količina semena strnih žita u Republici Srbiji primetno je da se koriste veće proizvodne površine u Vojvodini u tu svrhu, kao i dominantan položaj stranih sorti kod pšenice i ječma, dok je kod tritikalea i ovsa obrnut slučaj., Within production of certified seed of small grains in Republic of Serbia it is obvious usage of larger production areas in Vojvodina for this purpose, as well as dominant position of foreign cultivars of wheat and barley while in triticale and oats is vice-versa.

U radu je ispitano 20 genotipova ozimog dvoredog ječma u dvogodišnjem periodu (2008/09 i 2009/10) na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje i Zaječar). Analiziran je prinos zrna i dve komponente prinosa: broj zrna po klasu i masa 1000 zrna. Primenom mešovitog modela utvrđena je visoka značajnost (p<0,01) efekta genotipa i interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine, dok je efekat sredine statistički značajan (p<0,05). Interakcija je analizirana primenom AMMI-1 modela. Na osnovu biplota izdvojeni su široko adaptabilni genotipovi koji imaju stabilnost i iznad prosečne vrednosti ispitivane osobine. Širokom adaptabilnošću za prinos zrna isticao se genotip J-176, a za broj zrna po klasu genotip NS-595. Genotip NS-565 bio je superioran u masi 1000 zrna. Na osnovu razlike u interakcijskom efektu sredina i njihovoj stabilnosti izdvojeni su i lokaliteti pogodni za ispitivanje osobina. Ni jedan lokalitet nije se izdvojio kao pogodan za ispitivanje prinosa i broja zrna po klasu dok je Zaječar bio pogodan za ispitivanje mase 1000 zrna., In the paper, 20 genotypes of winter two-row barley were examined in a two-year period (2008/09 and 2009/10) at three localities (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje and Zajecar). Grain yield and the two yield components were analyzed: the number of grains per spike and the weight of 1000 grains. Using the mixed model, the high significance (p<0,01) of the genotype effect and the interaction between the genotype and the environment was determined, while the effect of the environment is statistically significant (p<0,05). The interaction was analyzed using the AMMI-1 model. On the basis of the biplot, wide adaptability genotypes with stable and high average values of the examined trait were separeted. Genotype J-176 had wide adaptability for grain yield and genotype NS- 595 stood out for the number of grains per spike. Genotype NS-565 was superior in weight of 1000 grains. On the basis of the difference in the interaction effect of the environments and their stable, suitable localities were also selected for testing the characteristics. Not a single location stood out as suitable for testing the grain yield and number of grains per spike, while Zaječar was suitable for testing the mass of 1000 grains.

This research involved analyses of six genotypes of the winter bread wheat (Toplica, Takovčanka, Perfekta, Vizija, KG-56S, and Aleksandra) on the experimental field of Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac during two growing seasons (2011/2012 and 2012/2013). The most important parameters of bread-making quality were analysed (wet gluten content and rheological flour and dough properties). Grain samples were milled using a Brabender Quadrumat Junior laboratory mill. The gluten content was determined by the standard method and rheological flour and dough properties by Brabender Farinograph. Wet gluten content of analyzed wheat genotypes varied depending on the genotype and the year. The cultivar Aleksandra had the highest value of wet gluten content in both years of investigation (35.48% and 39.03%). The analyses of variance showed highly significant differences of wet gluten content between cultivars, investigated years as well as their interaction. The lowest water absorption in the first year of study was found in Takovčanka cultivar (59.2%), while in the second year in KG-56S (63.8%). The cultivar Vizija showed the highest water absorption in both years of studying (62.13% and 67.3%). According to the analysis of variance, highly significant differences for the water absorption were determined between genotypes, examined years and their interaction. Farinograph properties showed that flour of analyzed cultivars belonged to B1 and C1 quality groups in the first year, and B1 and B2 in the second year. The analysis of phenotypic variance indicated that the highest impact of variance for wet gluten content belonged to year, while for water absorption belonged to cultivar × year interaction.

Laboratory bioassays (temperature 26 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% r. h.) were performed to evaluate the insecticidal effect of three different diatomaceous earths (DE) against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in wheat, triticale and rye. In order to achieve this, the amount of damaged kernels, amount of debris, wet gluten content, gluten index and rheological properties were assessed in infested samples, infested samples treated with DE Protect-It and two DEs originating from Serbia (S-1 and S-2) and were compared to control (uninfested) samples using Chopin Mixolab. The most susceptible to beetle infestation were rye sample and wheat variety Planeta. The lowest weight of damaged grain was found after applying DE Protect-It to all grain types. The amount of damaged kernels, the amount of debris and loss of mass were the highestin sample treated with DE S-2. While infestation resulted in increase in the amount of damaged kernels and debris and decrease in wet gluten content, and provoked weakening of gluten network structure as well as starch damage, an addition of DE, especially Protect-It, resulted in grain samples of similar technological quality to control (uninfested) sample. The susceptibility of different cereals used in breadmaking to infestation by R. dominica, as well as their response to the insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth largely varied. Both cereal type and quality, as measured by wet gluten content and gluten index, influenced grain response to infestation. Insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth, especially DE S-1and DE S-2, was the least effective in terms of triticale. These findings suggest that the application of DE in cereals storage management might largely be affected with grain type as well as grain composition and technological quality.

У раду је спроведена карактеризација 14 генотипова озиме пшенице (Triticum aestivum L.) по морфолошко-продуктивним особинама и технолошком квалитету зрна. Испитивани генотипови представљају перспективне линије пшенице створене у Центру за стрна жита у Крагујевцу. Оглед је изведен у двогодишњем периоду (2013/2014 и 2014/2015) на три локације (Крагујевац, Крушевац и Сомбор). Анализиране су следеће морфолошке и продуктивне особине: висина биљке, дужина прве интернодије, дужина друге интернодије, дужина вршне интернодије, пречник прве интернодије, пречник друге интернодије, пречник вршне интернодије, дужина класа, број класића примарног класа, број фертилних класића примарног класа, маса зрна примарног класа, маса зрна по биљци, принос зрна, маса 1000 зрна и хектолитарска маса. Карактерисана је генетичка различитост и варијабилност генотипова пшенице по особинама из UPOV дескриптора. Такође, испитане су најважније особине технолошког квалитета пшенице: седиментациона вредност, садржај влажног и сувог глутена и важније реолошке особине брашна (моћ упијања воде, развој теста, стабилност теста, степен омекшања, квалитетни број и квалитетна група). На основу анализе резервних протеина глутенина, код испитиваних генотипова нису уочене значајне разлике у два типа глутенинских подјединица: глутенина великих молекулских маса (HMW, 110-80 kDa) и глутенина малих молекулских маса (LMW, 75-30 kDa). Утврђена је висока вредност херитабилности за висину биљке (98,20%), дужину класа (98,24%), број класића по класу (93,38%) као и за број фертилних класића (87,78%), што указује да је генотип имао највећи утицај на експресију ових особина. За морфолошке особине, најјача корелациона зависност утврђена је између висине биљке и дужине друге интернодије (0,92**). За продуктивне особине, врло значајна корелациона зависност утврђена је између масе зрна по класу и масе зрна по биљци (0,81**), као и између масе зрна по класу и масе 1000 зрна (0,77**). Високо значајна позитивна корелација, на сва, The dissertation characterizes 14 genotypes of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by morphological-productive characteristics and technological quality of grain. The examined genotypes represent perspective wheat pure lines which were created in the Center for Small Grains in Kragujevac. The experimental part of the trial was performed in a two-year period (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) at three locations (Kragujevac, Kruševac and Sombor). The following morphologicalproductive traits were analysed: plant height, length of the first internode, length of the second internode, length of the top internode, diameter of the first internode, diameter of the second internode, diameter of the top internode, spike length, number of spikelets of primary spike, number of fertile spikelets of primary spike, grain weight per primary spike, grain weight per plant, grain yield, 1000 grain weight and hectolitre weight. The genetic diversity and variability of wheat genotypes were characterized for traits from the UPOV descriptor. In addition, the most important characteristics of the technological quality of wheat were examined: sedimentation value, wet and dry gluten content and the most substantial rheological properties of flour (water absorption, dough development time, stability time, swelling index, farinograph quality number and farinograph quality group). In studied genotypes were not observed significant differences in two types of glutenin subunits: high molecular weight peptides (HMW, 110-80 kDa) and low molecular weight polypeptides (LMW, 75-30 kDa). A high value of heritability in broad sense was found for plant height (98.20%), spike length (98.24%), number of spikelets per spike (93.38%) as well as for the number of fertile spikelets (87.78%) indicating a high genotype influence on the expression of these traits. Taking into account morphological traits, the strongest correlation was found between a plant height and a length of the second internode (0,92**). For productiv

Poljski ogled sa sortama Rekord, Maksa i Grand postavljen je na zemljištu tipa vertisol tokom vegetacionih sezona 2006-2010 godine. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se kod tri sorte ozimog ječma gajenih na kiselom zemljištu analizira prinos zrna. Najveće vrednosti prinosa zrna ustanovljene su u vegetacionoj 2007/08 godini (5.788 t ha-1). Prosečan petogodišnji prinos zrna kod ispitivanih sorti kretao se od 4.654 t ha-1 do 5.207 t ha-1. Sorta Maksa imala je najveći prinos zrna. Na osnovu analize varijanse, može se zaključiti da postoje vrlo značajne razlike u prinosu zrna u odnosu na godinu ispitivanja., Field trial with barley varieties Rekord, Maksa and Grand was set on vertisoltype soil during the vegetation seasons 2006-2010. The aim of the research was to analyse the grain yield in three varieties of barley cultivated on acid soil. The highest values of grain yield were established in the vegetation year 2007/08 (5.788 t ha-1). The average of five-year grain yield of barley cultivars ranged from 4.654 t ha-1 to 5.207 t ha-1. The Maksa cultivar had the highest yield of grain. Based on the analysis of variance, it can be concluded that there are very significant differences in grain yield regard the year of investigation, while among the investigated barley cultivars the differences were very significant.

The persistence and efficacy of diatomaceous earth from Serbia (DE S-1 and DE S-2) on Rhyzopertha dominica F. in stored wheat was examined. Commercial DE formulation, Protect- It, was used as a standard. Three months after treatment with DEs at rates of 1 mg kg-1, grains were infested with adults of R. dominica F. Insect mortality was determined after 7, 14 and 21 days. The results show that the efficacy of DEs increased with the duration of exposure. After the 21st day the higher mortality was detected in grains treated with Protect-It (99.5%), while there were no differences between DE S-1 and DE S-2 (96.5% and 95.5%, respectively). The progeny/progeny reduction then weak after exposure were 6/99.2% Protect-It, 54.8/93.1% DE S-1 and 193/75.84% DE S-2., Ispitivana je perzistentnost i efikasnost diatomejske zemlje poreklom iz Srbije (DZ S-1 i DZ S-2) u suzbijanju Rhyzopertha dominica F. Kao standard korišćen je preparat na bazi DZ Protect-It. Uskladištena pšenica tretirana je DZ u količini od 1000 ppm (1 g DZ kg-1 žita). Tri meseca nakon tretiranja pšenica je infestirana adultima R. dominica. Smrtnost izlaganih jedinki utvrđivana je posle 7, 14 i 21. dana izlaganja. Na procenat smrtnosti značajno je uticao period izlaganja. Najveću smrtnost posle 21.dana izlaganja prouzrokovao je Protect-It (99,5%). Nije ustanovljena razlika u efikasnosti DZ S-1(96,5%) i DZ S-2 (95,5%). Prosečan broj potomaka (±SG) / redukcija potomstva (%) deset nedelja posle izlaganja bio je 6/99.2% Protect-It, 54.8/93.1% DZ S-1 i 193/75.84% DZ S-2.

In this study, 11 winter wheat cultivars (KG-56S, Toplica, Perfekta, Takovčaka, Aleksandra, Vizija, Planeta, Kruna, Harmonija, Rujna and Premija) were investigated. The research was conducted in experimental field of the Centre for Small Grains Kragujevac (Serbia) during two growing seasons (2012/13, 2013/14). Variability of bread-making quality properties (sedimentation value and wet gluten content) was investigated. Quality components depended significantly upon genotype and environment factors. For a two-year average, sedimentation value varied from 23.33 ml (Premija) to 33.33 ml (Aleksandra, Planeta and Harmonija). The analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in sedimentation values between genotypes (F=244.273**), investigated years (F=717.176**), as well as their interaction (F=50.767**). The highest wet gluten content on average was established at KG-56S cultivar (39.63 %) and the lowest at Kruna (27.92 %). There were highly significant differences in the wet gluten content among genotypes (F=81.622**), investigated years (F=816.569**), as well as their interaction (F=25.974**). The analysis of phenotypic variance indicated that the highest impact of variance for sedimentation value belonged to genotype, while the highest impact of variance for wet gluten content belonged to year.

The experiment was established at the experimental field of the Small Grains Research Centre in Kragujevac (Serbia) during the two growing seasons. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of genotype and the environment on the grain yield of winter wheat cultivars (Takovčanka, Kruna, Planeta and Vizija). The following characteristics were analysed: grain yield, 1000 grain weight and test weight. The average grain yield of all cultivars in the 2010/11 growing season was significantly greater than in the 2009/10 year, mostly as the result of highly favourable weather conditions at major stages of plant development. Takovčanka and Kruna gave significantly higher grain yields in all years compared to Planeta. Averaged across years, significantly higher values for 1.000 grain weight were found in Planeta and test weight was found in Takovčanka. Different responses of cultivars to variable agroenvironmental conditions in terms of grain yield and 1.000 grain weight and test weight require the use of a number of cultivars in the crop structure.

In the condition of low insecticide efficacy, Rhyzopertha dominica F. can affect particular changes in physical and chemical grain composition, since the whole pest life-cycle is spent feeding on kernel endosperm. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the insecticidal activity of Spinosad, an insecticide a.s. of natural origin, on R. dominica mortality, progeny emergence and some wheat chemical traits (moisture, protein and ash content). Wheat samples were treated with Spinosad in amounts of 0.25; 0.5 and 1.0 mg a.s. kg-1 of wheat grain. After 24 h, 25 adults of R. dominica of both sexes were released into each vessel. Insect mortality was determined by manually removing from the infested wheat after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Ten weeks after treatments, progeny emergence and progeny reduction were designated. Spinosad application in the lowest dosage, after seven days of exposure, affected mortality from 94.5% to 100%. Spinosad applied at 1 mg kg-1 caused a 100% mortality. The mortality of R. dominica adults after 14 days exposure period was 100% after the application of the three doses. Ten weeks after grains treatment, all the Spinosad dosages prevented infestation. Spinosad application in all examined dosages did not lead to grain damage. Damaged grain and dust in Spinosad treated samples were not recorded, which represent the ideal small grain protection. There was no determined impact of examined insecticide on particular chemical traits. All established changes were due to the activity of R. dominica. Spinosad has been identified as a promising alternative to stored-grain protectants.

Modern methods of protection of stored wheat grains from insect pests strive towards optimizing the use of different techniques and methods within integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. In this study, the potential of synthetic insecticide of the natural origin Abamectin on Rhyzopertha dominica F. in stored wheat was examined. The research was conducted in three rates/doses of the tested insecticide (0.25; 0.5 and 1.0 mg a.s. kg-1 of wheat) and the effects of its application, as well as the effects of infestation of R. dominica on certain physical and chemical traits of wheat grains were, also, examined. After 24 h of treated, 25 adults of R. dominica of both sexes were released into each vessel. Insect mortality was determined by manually removing from the infested wheat after 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure. Ten weeks after treatments, progeny emergence and progeny reduction were designated. Efficacy of Abamectin after 7 days of exposure in all applied dosages was low (< 56.5%). Abamectin efficacy was significantly increased after 14 days of exposure (ranged from 67.0%, 68.5% to 85.0%). Abamectin in all applied rates after 21days of treatment was highly active (100%). Ten weeks after grain treatment, all three dosages of examined insecticide were prevented progeny emergence. Amount of the damaged grains and dockage, as a nus-product of feeding of R. dominica larvae and adult, compared with untreated, infested sample was significantly smaller which represent positive aspect of Abamectin application. Application of Abamectin was contributed to the significant difference in moisture content, but did not change significantly protein and ash content, in comparison with control. Untreated grain samples, infested with R. dominica, in relation to the other tested samples, showed the biggest change in technological grain properties of examined species.