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This study aims to improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on SPLTV material. The subjects of this research were class X SMA Kristen Kasih Kemuliaan West Jakarta, academic year 2022/2023. This type of research was Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The instrument used to measure students' mathematical problem solving abilities is student learning outcomes through a pre-test at the pre-cycle and post-test at the end of each cycle. The results of this study indicate that the application of the PBL learning model used with indicators of understanding the problem, discussing in groups to plan a solution, and explaining/checking the correctness of the answers obtained can improve students' problem solving abilities. This was proven by an increase in the percentage of students who were able to achieve the KKM obtained from the post-test in cycle I and cycle II compared to the results of the pre-test in the pre-cycle. In the pre-cycle the percentage of students who were able to achieve KKM from the pre-test results was 20.68%, the first cycle post-test results were 41.72%, and the second cycle post-test results were 86.20%. Thus the use of the PBL learning model can be used as a learning model to be applied to learning mathematics.

Critical thinking skill is one of the highest levels of cognitive abilities. This competence is needed to support students in thinking and resolving problems in daily life. Initial identification requires students' critical thinking ability to be a guide in designing a model or strategy of learning. The purpose of this study is to know and describe students' critical thinking ability to solve mathematical problems in the circular matter, with a qualitative approach. The data-gathering technique uses a critical thinking skill test for as many as three problems with a circle matter. Further interviews are conducted to strengthen students' critical thinking abilities. Research instruments are praised on 34 students living in the viii class 61 Jakarta. The selection of the subject of research is based on the results of researchers' observations on the issues in the field that were discussed with the teacher of the subject. The results of the student's work are studied by pointing to critical thinking ability indicators that researchers have established - interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference. Research shows that students' critical mathematical thinking ability is at low criteria, where an interpretation attainment indicator is 38.24%; Analysis of 49.02%; evaluation of 47.3%; And inference at 26.47%.

Pemasaran word of mouth berbasis brand community membuat perusahaan menargetkan komunitas-komunitas yang sesuai dengan karakteristik produk yang membuat pemasaran word of mouth menjadi lebih efektif. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemodelan dan analisis pemasaran word of mouth berbasis brand community. Model terdiri dari lima variabel yaitu Susceptible, Infected, Community, Positive, dan Negative. Model dianalisis dengan menentukan titik kesetimbangan yang menghasilkan dua titik kesetimbangan yaitu titik kesetimbangan yang didapatkan saat tidak ada individu terinfeksi dan titik kesetimbangan yang didapatkan saat terdapat individu terinfeksi. Simulasi menggunakan data yang telah diperoleh dari salah satu perusahaan di Indonesia, dengan nilai bilangan reproduksi dasar sebesar 950,1458877.

Kemampuan penalaran matematis merupakan keterampilan yang sangat penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Matematika merupakan hasil pemikiran manusia yang berkaitan dengan ide, proses dan penalaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana model pembelajaran Van Hiele dapat memberikan kesempatan dan mendorong siswa untuk mempraktikkan keterampilan penalarannya dalam hal kecerdasan spasial siswa Sekaligus untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Van Hiele terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa di MAN Bekasi melalui penggunaan materi dimensi tiga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dan menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen jenis Multistage Random Sampling. Populasi Penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII MAN di Bekasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Multistage Random Sampling yaitu kombinasi dari metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Cluster Stratified Sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan di empat Madrasah Aliyah (MAN) di Negeri Bekasi yaitu MAN 1 Kota Bekasi, MAN 2 Kota Bekasi, MAN 2 Kabupaten Bekasi dan MAN 3 Kabupaten Bekasi dengan melibatkan 126 siswa dari kelas XII IPA. Dalam penelitian ini pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen keterampilan penalaran matematis dan instrumen kecerdasan spasial. Uji instrumen dilakukan di empat sekolah kemudian data dianalisis, pertama dilakukan uji persyaratan yaitu uji normalitas menggunakan tes Kolmogorov Sminov dan uji homogenitas dengan menggunakan uji Bartlett serta uji kesamaan rata-rata dengan menggunakan uji Anava satu arah. Sebaran data diperoleh menggunakan Desain penelitian menggunakan desain analisis (ANNOVA) dengan rancangan 2x2.Setelah diperoleh data sampel kemudian pengujian hipotesis dilanjutkan dengan uji normalitas dengan menggunakan uji Kolmogorov Sminov dan uji Levene dalam menentukan homogenitas. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan uji-t menghasilkan sebesar 6,153 dan sebesar 1,979 yang mengakibatkan H0 ditolak pada taraf signifikan 0,05. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini memiliki kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Van Hiele terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis ditinjau dari kecerdasan spasial siswa di MAN Bekasi diterima.

Radicalization is a process by which individuals adopt political, social, and religious ideologies that lead to violence. Violent behavior in the radicalization process is the reason that radicalism is considered the cause of acts of terrorism. Therefore, to reduce this radicalization process, a deradicalization program is carried out. Deradicalization is an attempt to persuade adherents of radicalism to leave this notion. In order to determine the level of spread of radicalization, a mathematical model of deradicalization was made. The model consists of four compartments, namely, Susceptible, Extrimist, Recruiters, and Treatment. The model is analyzed by determining the equilibrium point and determining the base reproduction number ( ℜ0). If ℜ01 then the system will be unstable. The simulation is carried out with the data that has been obtained, with the individual displacement parameters from the Extrimist compartment to the Treatment compartment with a value of 0.05 and the individual displacement from the Recruiters compartment to the Treatment compartment with a value of 0.165, simulation results show a graph that is stable to the point of endemic equilibrium. Meanwhile, if the value of individual displacement from the Extrimist and Recruiters compartments to the Treatment compartment is 0.5, the simulation results show that the graph gradually goes to zero.

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis merupakan suatu bagian utuh dari pembelajaran matematika karena pemecahan masalah merupakan suatu proses untuk mengatasi kesulitan yang ditemui supaya mencapai suatu tujuan yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran flipped classroom dalam jaringan terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah ditinjau dari self confidence siswa kelas X IPS SMA Negeri di Kecamatan Cempaka Putih Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 30 Jakarta dan SMAN 77 Jakarta pada kelas X IPS semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental dengan desain penelitian treatment by level 2×2 yang terdiri dari dua variabel: (1) pendekatan pembelajaran dengan taraf model pembelajaran flipped classroom dalam jaringan dan model pembelajaran jarak jauh, (2) self confidence dengan taraf tinggi dan rendah. Sampel sebanyak 70 siswa SMA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran flipped classroom dalam jaringan terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, khususnya untuk siswa memiliki self confidence tinggi, dan terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan self confidence terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis.

Matematika menjadi mata pelajaran penting dalam jenjang sekolah dasar, sebab matematika membantu dalam melatih memecahkan permasalah yang terjadi pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun sifat pembelajaran matematika yang hirarkis dan abstrak seringkali membuat anak kesulitan memahami materi lanjutan dalam matematika, sehingga banyak siswa sekolah dasar yang menganggap matematika sebagai mata pelajaran yang sulit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji bermain sebagai media yang dapat membantu siswa sekolah dasar mempelajari matematika di kelas. Bemain menjadi salah satu media yang dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran dan sesuai dengan karakteristik psikologi siswa sekolah dasar serta dekat dengan kehidupan anak. Bermain merupakan kegiatan belajar yang dekat dengan kehidupan anak, menyenangkan, dan tanpa pakasaan serta dapat menimbulkan emosi positif anak untuk berperan dalam kegiatan belajar matematika. Hal-hal tersebut yang akan menjadi pertimbangan guru untuk menciptakan kegitan belajar yang menyenangkan dan aktif bagi siswa dalam belajar matematika.

Studi pendahulu ini membahas tentang kemampuan berpikir kritis menggunakan Problem Based Learning (PBL). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji literatur tentang peningkatan kemampuan berpikri kritis menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan buku-buku dan jurnal-jurnal terkait untuk kemudian dibaca dan dikaji. Setelah data terkumpul, dilakukan pengujian dan pembandingan data yang ditemukan. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan pengutipan pendapat-pendapat yang sesuai. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian studi literatur, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa

The physical distancing policy to prevent the spread of the Covid 19 outbreak, which was established by WHO as a global pandemic on March 12, 2020, affects various aspects of life. Distance learning is an implementation of physical distancing policies in the field of education. The purpose of this study in general is to provide an alternative interactive distance learning method, namely by using e-Learning learning methods assisted by google suite and geogebra to improve mathematical reasoning skills and self-efficacy of class XI MIPA students of SMAK PENABURKota Jababeka.The subjects in this study were 6 students, three male students and three female students.The results of this research indicate that use e-Learning method based on Google Suite and Geogebra Applications can improve mathematical reasoning skills and self efficacy.The average score of students' mathematical reasoning ability testof class XI MIPA inthe final test of cycleI was63.93 with the percentage of the number of students who achieved completenesscriteria was28.12%. In the final test of cycle II, the average score increased to 69.54 with the percentage was40.63%. In the final test of cycle III, the average score of students' mathematical reasoning ability test increased to 74.33 with the percentage of the number of students who achieved completenesscriteria was67.75%.Meanwhile, the students' self-efficacy scores of class XI MIPA before using the e-Learning method assisted by the Google Suite and Geogebra applications, after which it has increased from 3.20 to 3.30.

This study uses a quasi-experimental method with the final design control test of mathematical communication skills in terms of student personality through personality tests. The sample of this study was students of class XI-IPS in MAN 6 Kampung Dukuh and MAN 6 Cibubur East Jakarta in the odd semester 2018/2019 Academic Year as many as 88 people. The instrument used in this study is a description question and personality questionnaire. The results showed that 1) The ability of mathematical communication students who got the cooperative jigsaw method was higher than the students who received conventional learning, 2) There were interactions between learning methods and personalities on mathematical communication skills, 3) Mathematical communication skills of students with extroverted personalities given jigsaw cooperative method treatment is higher than those given conventional learning treatment, 4) Mathematical communication skills of students with introverted personalities treated with cooperative jigsaw methods are lower than those given conventional learning treatments. Thus, jigsaw cooperative learning is better applied to students with an extracurricular personality.

This study aims to obtain empirical information about the effect of implementing the ICARE learning model (Introduction, Connect, Apply, Reflect, Extend) in distance learning on students’ problem-solving abilities at SMK Negeri 2 Karawang. The research method used was a quasi-experimental with posttest-only control group design. The population in this study were all class X students at SMK Negeri 2 Karawang. Sampling using Cluster Random Sampling to determine the affordable population and Simple Random Sampling to determine the sample. Class X TB 1 was chosen to be the experimental class and class X TB 3 was selected as the control class. The results of the statistical hypothesis testing were then carried out using the the-test of two independent samples with a significant level of 5% concluded that the mean test results of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in the experimental class were higher than the control class. The large effect test carried out obtained the result of d = 0.8, this shows that the ICARE learning model in distance learning has a significant effect on the mathematical problem-solving abilities of students at SMK Negeri 2 Karawang on the sequence and series material. The influence given is 79% and is included in the large category. Keywords: Learning Model ICARE (Introduction, Connect, Apply, Reflect, Extend), Distance Learning, Mathematical Problem Solving Ability

Many researchers found that students had difficulty in understanding probability material. Students mostly focus on applying formulas to find solutions to problems without knowing what the concept is and why the formula works. This underlies the researcher to design probability learning as a hypothetical learning trajectory. The study aims to describe a series of learning activities designed to build relational understanding skills in probability material. This study uses a design research method consisting of three stages, namely preparation and design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. Data collection techniques were carried out using a video recorder, documentation, and test questions. The data collected is in the form of qualitative data. The collected data is interpreted by peers, teachers, and supervisors to reduce the subjectivity of the researcher's point of view. All data that has been collected were analyzed retrospectively. The results of the research conducted showed that students experienced an increase and gave a good response in solving problems. Teachers are expected to use a learning design with a realistic mathematical approach because it helps students understand learning and apply their knowledge in everyday life.

Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan hasil tes awal kemampuan representasi matematis siswa di kelas X MIA 1 SMAN 4 Bekasi menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan representasi matematis siswa masih rendah, sehingga kemampuan tersebut perlu ditingkatkan. Dalam hal ini, model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif dalam pelaksanan pembelajaran matematika di kelas. Model PBL terdiri dari lima fase yaitu orientasi siswa pada masalah, mengorganisasikan siswa untuk belajar, membimbing pengalaman siswa, mengembangkan dan menyajikan hasil karya, menganalisis dan mengevaluasi proses pemecahan masalah, masing-masing fase dapat meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas X MIA 1 di SMAN 4 Bekasi melalui penerapan model PBL dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Siswa diberikan kuis sebagai tes akhir pada setiap siklus untuk mengukur kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan April hingga Mei 2016 di kelas X MIA 1 SMAN 4 Bekasi tahun ajaran 2015/2016 dengan jumlah siswa 40 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika menggunakan model PBL dapat meningkatkan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan rata-rata tes kemampuan representasi matematis dan peningkatan presentase jumlah siswa yang mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM) di setiap siklusnya.

In this paper we developed insurance model on property rental business using. Generalized Linear Models (GLM). GLM was chosen because the data on property rental match with the characteristics of GLM. Analysis of the model is done by looking at the relationship between the distribution functions that are most widely used in the analysis of property rental data. The models for the relations of distribution functions are: Poisson-Gamma, Poisson-Inverse Gauss, Negative Binomial-Gamma and Negative Binomial-Inverse Gauss. The relationship between the distributions is seen from the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and absolute mean error (MAE). The simulation results show that the model formed in the case of random effects increases in standard deviation values also increases the variation value on the average estimator. This is in accordance with the condition that the addition of standard deviation means that there is an increase in the variance of the data.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penerapan model discovery learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan self-confidence siswa. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Bogor Timur. Sampel penelitiannya adalah siswa SMA Negeri kelas X MIPA yang berjumlah 116 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pretest-postest control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa soal tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan lembar angket self-confidence. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap rataan gain ternormalisasi antara dua kelompok sampel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa yang diberi perlakuan model discovery learning lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional; (2) Terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kemampuan awal matematika (KAM) terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa; (3) Terdapat peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis pada siswa dengan KAM tinggi; (4) Tidak terdapat peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis pada siswa dengan KAM rendah; (5) Peningkatan self-confidence siswa yang diberi perlakuan model discovery learning lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional; (6) Terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kemampuan awal matematika terhadap peningkatan self-confidence siswa, dan (7) Terdapat peningkatan self-confident pada siswa dengan KAM tinggi; (8) Tidak terdapat peningkatan self-confidence pada siswa dengan KAM rendah Kata kunci: Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis, Self Confidence, Discovery learning, Kemampuan Awal Matematika.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasimatematis siswa melalui pendekatansaintifikdenganmodel pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Talk Write (TTW) di kelas VIII-E SMP Negeri 115 Jakarta. Kemampuan komunikasimatematisadalah kemampuan mengkomunikasikan matematika baik secara lisan maupun tulisan dan cara berbagi ide serta mengklarifikasi pemahaman, maka melalui komunikasi, ide-ide menjadi objek refleksi, diskusi, serta perbaikan. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus dengan setiap siklusnya terdiri dari 2 pertemuan. Setiap siklus dilakukan tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, analisis, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan oktobersampainovember 2016 di kelas VIII-E SMP Negeri 115Jakarta tahun ajaran 2016/2017.Pada setiap siklus, siswa diberikan tes akhir siklus untuk mengukur kemampuan komunikasimatematis siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, lembar tes, pedoman wawancara dan alat dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika melaluipendekatansaintifikdenganmodel pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasimatematis siswa. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata tes akhir yang diberikan pada setiap siklus. Rata-rata nilai tes akhir kemampuan komunikasimatematis kelas VIII-E pada siklus I yaitu 56,48, dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 68,29 dan siklus III meningkat menjadi 87,73.

The aim of this research was to improve mathematical written communication and mathematical disposition of students by using think-talk-write (TTW) learning strategy in tenth grade IPS 4 students at SMAN 50 Jakarta 2017/2018 academic year. The design of this study was a classroom action research. The subject of this research consists of 6 students, 2 students with low written communication skills with moderate disposition skills, 2 students having medium-skilled and medium disposition ability and 2 students who have high disposition ability with medium and high disposition ability. The data collection techniques were consist of 1) Giving mathematics written communication ability test, 2) Spreading mathematic disposition questionnaire, 3) Doing filed notes, 4) Interviewing with the research subjects. The result was based on the end of the third cycle, it was obtained all subject experienced has increase in mathematical written communication ability and 4 out of 6 subjects experienced has increase in mathematical disposition ability. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the TTW learning strategy can increase mathematical written communication and mathematical disposition ability in tenth grade IPS 4 students at SMAN 50 Jakarta 2017/2018 academic year. In this research, an improvement made at the thinking stage was to write answers on the worksheet so that students will be more passionate about thinking of how to solve problems. On the talking stage, students were not only explaining completion but also helping team members who having difficulties. On the write stage, students could write the answer using their own phrase so that they will understand more about the completion based on observations and the results of questionnaires to increase the ability of mathematical disposition it can be seen that students experience increased self-confidence in explaining the ideas obtained, able to solve problems in various ways and have the willingness to solve mathematical problems. Besides, when the teacher asks students to re-examine the result of the work, it can be seen that students check their work while checking if there was a problem-solving problem.

This paper presents a method of finding a continuous, real-valued, function of two variables z = u(x, y) defined on the square S := [0,1]2 , which minimizes an energy integral of fractional order, subject to the condition u(0, y) = u(1, y) = u(x,0) = u(x,1) = 0 and u(xi ,yj)=cð‘–ð‘— , where 0