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17β-estradiol (E2) is an endogenous steroid hormone pivotal for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and the maintenance of the female reproductive system. Its roles extend beyond these physiological functions, as E2 is employed in hormone replacement therapy to alleviate symptoms associated with menopause. Furthermore, E2 exhibits therapeutic potential in the management of osteoporosis, breast cancer, and various neurological and cardiovascular conditions, partly due to its anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of the MAPK/NFκB signaling pathway. Notwithstanding, the hydrophobic nature of E2 significantly hinders the formulation of efficacious delivery systems for its clinical deployment. Recent advances have highlighted nano-based delivery systems for E2 as a promising solution to this solubility challenge. This review critically examines contemporary nano-delivery strategies for E2, particularly emphasizing lipid and polymeric nanoparticle-based systems. These nanostructures are designed to enhance stability, biocompatibility, controlled release, and targeted delivery of E2, yet the selectivity of E2 delivery for therapeutic purposes remains an ongoing challenge. The novelty of this review lies in its focus on the advances in nano-based E2 delivery systems over the past decade, a topic not extensively covered in prior literature. We present a comprehensive analysis of the encapsulation of E2 within polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, underscoring the untapped potential of these strategies. This review identifies a significant research gap, advocating for intensified experimental investigations that could pave the way for the translation of nano-based E2 therapies from bench to bedside.

Cryopreservation protocols have not yet been defined for seeds of some Coffea species due to their high sensitivity to desiccation and to ultra-low temperatures, factors that lead to low seed survival rates after warming. This reduced rate occurs due to several factors that compromise cellular integrity during the steps of the process. In this study, we evaluated the effect of moisture content and the types of packaging on the cryopreservation of Coffea racemosa and Coffea liberica var dewevrei seeds. For that purpose, seeds were dried to moisture contents of 18, 20, and 25% (dry basis—db) for C. racemosa and to contents of 20, 25, 30, and 35% for C. liberica. The seeds were then packed in mesh bags, Falcon tubes, and triple-laminated aluminum foil pouches before being directly immersed in liquid nitrogen. Physiological and biochemical analyses were performed on the seeds. There was interaction between moisture content and the packaging of the seeds of the species. Drying the seeds to a 20% moisture content and packing them in triple-laminated aluminum foil pouches provided the best cryopreservation protocol among those studied, with survival rates of 79 and 8% for C. racemosa and C. liberica, respectively.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the content published in the Proceedings of the 71st Brazilian Nursing Congress and the 20th National Research Seminar in the field of sexual and reproductive health. Method: Qualitative, descriptive study, whose data sources were the annalsof two 2019 events that were related to Sexual and Reproductive Health. Content analysis and lexical typology were carried out with the aid of the IRAMUTEq® software. Results: In a universe of 3,433 abstracts, 603 were analyzed and showed a higher prevalence of qualitative studies and experience reports, focusing on the maternal-child area and on the pathologizing and medicalizing processes of women's health, with incipient use of software in the analysis. However, there were signs of health promotion and humanized care. Conclusion: The dissemination of studies in the field of sexual and Reproductive Health seems to be in a conflict between accommodation and resistance, at the same time that it maintains old imperatives of the hegemonic domain, seeking to overcome them with new methodologies and care based on integrality and equity.

Submarine conduits are features responsible for transporting clastic debris from continents to the deep ocean. While the architecture of conduits has been extensively studied, the process of their inception remains unclear. This study highlights the possibility that some conduits are initiated by depositional processes involving turbidity currents. Here, we present the results of eight experiments where gravity currents were allowed to develop their own pathways. The simulation tank represented natural scales of continental shelves, slopes, and basins. The initial experiments involved sediment-laden flows with low density (1–10% in volume). In first experiment runs (Series I), sediment deposition occurred primarily on the shelf and slope, resulting in an asymmetric transverse profile. This asymmetry facilitated subsequent conservative currents (1034 to 1070 kg/m3 due to salt dissolution) flowing alongside during the second series, resulting in the formation of a constructive submarine conduit. This feature is analogous to gully formations observed in various locations. This study correlates these findings with gully-like features and proposes a model where non-confined density flows can evolve into confined flows through the construction of asymmetric topography. An evolutionary model is proposed to explain the mechanism, which potentially elucidates the formation of many submarine conduits.

Despite the safety and convenience of oral administration, poorly water-soluble drugs compromise absorption and bioavailability. These drugs can exhibit low dissolution rates, variability between fed and fasted states, difficulty permeating the mucus layer, and P-glycoprotein efflux. Drug nanocrystals offer a promising strategy to address these challenges. This review focuses on the opportunities to develop orally administered nanocrystals based on pharmacokinetic outcomes. The impacts of the drug particle size, morphology, dissolution rate, crystalline state on oral bioavailability are discussed. The potential of the improved dissolution rate to eliminate food effects during absorption is also addressed. This review also explores whether permeation or dissolution drives nanocrystal absorption. Additionally, it addresses the functional roles of stabilizers. Drug nanocrystals may result in prolonged concentrations in the bloodstream in some cases. Therefore, nanocrystals represent a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of poorly water-soluble drugs, thus encouraging further investigation into unclear mechanisms during oral administration.

Abstract Gallium-rich supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS) were recently introduced as a new way towards heterogeneous single atom catalysis. SCALMS were demonstrated to exhibit a certain resistance against coking during the dehydrogenation of alkanes using Ga-rich alloys of noble metals. Here, the conceptual catalytic application of SCALMS in dry reforming of methane (DRM) is tested with non-noble metal (Co, Cu, Fe, Ni) atoms in the gallium-rich liquid alloy. This study introduces SCALMS to high-temperature applications and an oxidative reaction environment. Most catalysts were shown to undergo severe oxidation during DRM, while Ga-Ni SCALMS retained a certain level of activity. This observation is explained by a kinetically controlled redox process, namely oxidation to gallium oxide species and re-reduction via H2 activation over Ni. Consequentially, this redox process can be shifted to the metallic side when using increasing concentrations of Ni in Ga, which strongly suppresses coke formation. Density-functional theory (DFT) based ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations were performed to confirm the increased availability of Ni at the liquid alloy-gas interface. However, leaching of gallium via the formation of volatile oxidic species during the hypothesised redox cycles was identified indicating a critical instability of Ga-Ni SCALMS for prolonged test durations.

Species delimitation has always been a challenge for taxonomists and for Leishmania studies there is no exception. Herein we attempt to display the usefulness of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I-coI in classical and barcode-based approaches for Leishmania characterization. A total of 228 samples were analyzed, comprising 28 Leishmania related taxa, mainly from cultures of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation`s Leishmania Collection. Primers were designed for amplification of coI; sequences were analyzed by distance-based indicators and both the Neighbor Joining and NeighborNet as species grouping techniques. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery was applied to define species delimitation while for the character-based analysis a software for Barcoding with Logic formulas was employed. Final sequences of 486 bp with 238 parsimonious sites were aligned and edited. Robust groups were formed for most of the genus species, distinctive nucleotide positions in the barcode sequence were observed for 11 of them. A good agreement between the techniques applied and the original characterization was observed. Few species were not distinguished by coI: (i) L. (V.) peruviana, L. (V.) lindenbergi, and L. (V.) utingensis; (ii) L. (L.) venezuelensis and (iii) L. colombiensis and L. equatorensis with identical sequences. Some of these taxa have been, at one time or another, classified as controversial and, for most of them, a higher number of isolates should be studied to properly infer their taxonomic status. CoI represents a mitochondrial target that stands out as a taxonomically important asset with multiple advantages over other genes. This paper corresponds to the first report of coI analysis in Leishmania, a potentially advantageous target for the characterization of this parasite.

Objetivo: analisar a percepção de mulheres privadas de liberdade quanto aos seus direitos sexuais e direitos reprodutivos. pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com mulheres que estavam vivenciando a gestação (9) e o puerpério (4), em duas unidades prisionais do Rio de Janeiro. Método: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com mulheres que estavam vivenciando a gestação (9) e o puerpério (4), em duas unidades prisionais do Rio de Janeiro. O método de análise foi o Hermenêutico dialético. Resultados foram elencadas duas categorias: 1) Violações institucionais como infração dos direitos sexuais e dos direitos reprodutivos e 2) Contradições entre a possibilidade de exercer os direitos e as limitações impostas pelo sistema carcerário. Conclusão: as violações que essas mulheres sofrem, não estão restritas a elas. A luta pelos direitos das mulheres é um movimento constante. Os avanços são significativos, contudo, há amarras reais que impedem que as mulheres usufruam seus direitos sexuais e seus direitos reprodutivos, mesmo que eles existam no plano legal e normativo.

O contexto deste trabalho é a construção do Dicionário Paralímpico, um recurso lexicográfico construído com base no aporte teórico-metodológico da Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985). Considerando os desafios de se descrever semanticamente o atleta paraolímpico, alguns deles já desbravados anteriormente por Oliveira (2019), o objetivo geral deste estudo é verificar a presença de frames semânticos que caracterizam o atleta paraolímpico em uma perspectiva diacrônica, partindo de um corpus de notícias que abrangem as décadas de 1960 a 2000, no contexto brasileiro. Trata-se de um corpus de amostragem composto por sentenças-exemplo que evocam frames relacionados ao atleta paraolímpico nesses diferentes períodos. Como resultados, constata-se, primeiramente, uma visão capacitista desses sujeitos ao longo da história, reduzindo-se seus atributos à tipologia de sua deficiência; e, em um segundo momento, uma emergência, frequentemente condicionada à obtenção de bons resultados em competições, de conceptualizações mais voltadas ao desempenho desportivo e ao papel social do atleta paraolímpico, principalmente a partir dos anos 1980. Verificam-se, assim, conceptualizações dinâmicas que refletem os embates sociocognitivos característicos da realidade do atleta paraolímpico no Brasil.

Este trabalho objetivou descrever o panorama das boas práticas na assistência ao parto e nascimento de uma maternidade pública. Trata-se de um relato de vivência da equipe interprofissional composta por profissionais da enfermagem, serviço social, psicologia, fisioterapia, medicina, farmácia e nutrição, com abordagem qualitativa e características crítico-reflexivas e descritivas, na assistência materno-infantil, no Hospital do Seridó, localizado em Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte. A pesquisa se deu com a implementação escrita em planilha das boas práticas de assistência ao parto e nascimento, os dados obtidos são referentes ao período de julho de 2021 à março de 2022, sendo coletados dados de 114 partos nesse período de tempo, diante dos indicadores tem-se os seguintes indicadores: Liberdade de movimentação (99%), presença de acompanhante (98%), dieta livre durante o trabalho de parto (92%), partos sem episiotomia (85%), amamentação na primeira hora de vida (85%), contato pele a pele (82%) e clampeamento oportuno do cordão (66%). Diante dos dados analisados, conclui-se a importância das boas práticas de assistência ao parto e ao nascimento prestados como rotina hospitalar da respectiva maternidade, sendo assim associado diretamente a qualidade da assistência em saúde prestada por todos os profissionais envolvidos.

As lesões autoprovocadas são investigadas a partir da escuta psicanalítica de 15 adolescentes que chegaram a um ambulatório público. O sofrimento psíquico na adolescência contemporânea apresenta-se com crescente frequência sob a forma desse tipo de problema. A medicalização, que tem sido uma resposta dominante para esses jovens, é avaliada criticamente. Explora-se, com a ajuda do referencial psicanalítico, outros tipos de entendimento da questão, recorrendo-se às teorias freudianas sobre angústia, dor e formação de sintomas. Usando os aportes lacanianos, são destacados, também, os efeitos da palavra e da voz do Outro sobre o sujeito adolescente. Dois jovens transgêneros que apresentavam histórico de autoagressão conduziram a reflexões específicas sobre o tema.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the social representations of rural women about being a woman in the rural context and its implications for sexual and reproductive health. Methods: this is a descriptive qualitative study with data triangulation, based on the Theory of Social Representations, developed with 31 women who live in the rural context of Minas Gerais (MG/BR). An in-depth interview with a semi-structured script was conducted. A lexical analysis was performed with the help of the ALCESTE 2012 software. Results: the family relationship, especially the couple’s, demonstrated subjectivities and was permeated by violence and normalized sexual practice. The imagery dimension of the ideal family seems to be responsible for exerting domination over rural women. Final Considerations: rural women are subject to the norms and prescriptions of a patriarchal society. It is urgent to increase attention to sexual and reproductive health in an egalitarian and liberating way in order to minimize the consequences of machismo and conservatism.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the social representations of nursing students about transsexuality and the health demands of transsexual people. Methods: Qualitative, descriptive research with undergraduate nursing students from a public university in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. The data came from a semi-structured interview and lexical analysis using Alceste 2012 software. Results: Transsexuality was represented as a transgression, with the transsexual person being objectified as unnatural because they do not identify with their biological sex. Hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgeries were understood as the main demands, being anchored in a pathologizing and medicalizing health sphere. However, the theme is not addressed during graduation, generating unpreparedness for professional life. Final considerations: The need to update the academic curriculum, as well as the way of thinking about the care of transsexual people, is essential and urgent for an integral and equitable care.

Abstract Disarticulated shells of three bivalve mollusk species (Anomalocardia brasiliana, Codakia orbicularis, and Divaricella quadrisulcata) were experimentally tested in laboratory flumes to determine the threshold of motion and final orientation of the valves. A total of 150 current flow experiments were conducted on single shells resting on a fixed sand bed. This study demonstrated that shells in the convex-up position are more resistant to flow when the umbo is pointing downstream rather than upstream. Moreover, species with higher frontal areas were more likely to be entrained at lower flow velocities. Results of dimensionless shear stress exhibited values far below the threshold of grains movement for beds of uniform roughness (Shields curve). It was observed that circular shells in convex-up positions were mostly orientated with the umbo pointing downstream. Conversely, elliptical shells in convex-up position tended to align their longer axis parallel to the flow with the posterior side of the valve pointing downstream. These results are not only directly applicable in interpretations of incipient shell motions and in paleocurrent analyses from field and sample data, but also support construction of accurate geological models.

Cryopreservation protocols have not yet been defined for seeds of some Coffea species due to their high sensitivity to desiccation and to ultra-low temperatures, factors that lead to low seed survival rates after warming. This reduced rate occurs due to several factors that compromise cellular integrity during the steps of the process. In this study, we evaluated the effect of moisture content and the types of packaging on the cryopreservation of Coffea racemosa and Coffea liberica var dewevrei seeds. For that purpose, seeds were dried to moisture contents of 18, 20, and 25% (dry basis—db) for C. racemosa and to contents of 20, 25, 30, and 35% for C. liberica. The seeds were then packed in mesh bags, Falcon tubes, and triple-laminated aluminum foil pouches before being directly immersed in liquid nitrogen. Physiological and biochemical analyses were performed on the seeds. There was interaction between moisture content and the packaging of the seeds of the species. Drying the seeds to a 20% moisture content and packing them in triple-laminated aluminum foil pouches provided the best cryopreservation protocol among those studied, with survival rates of 79 and 8% for C. racemosa and C. liberica, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics offer several benefits, such as durability, versatility, and cost‐effectiveness, which have led to their pervasive use in nearly every aspect of modern life. However, their widespread use has led to significant environmental concerns. One of the major issues is their persistence in the environment, where they accumulate and cause contamination. This problem is particularly severe with plastic packaging and microparticles used in cosmetic products. As a result, the cosmetics industry started producing environmentally sustainable glitter. "Biodegradable" glitter is available in distinct compositions, mainly with a central base composed of a biodegradable material. This review focuses on academic research and patents related to glitter and biodegradable glitter, aiming to classify and compare commercially available options. Furthermore, this review analyzes scientific research on conventional glitter and its conclusions regarding environmental impact. For this, we used the keywords "glitter," "biodegradable glitter," "eco‐friendly glitter," "natural glitter," and "sustainable glitter" in the databases of Wiley, Science Direct, Springer, and Clarivate Analytics ISI—Web of Science. We also performed a bibliometric analysis using the keyword "glitter" in the Web of Science database to obtain a bibliometric map of publication trends in the field using VOSviewer software. The products identified in the search were analyzed for their components and biodegradation potential. These products were classified as "biodegradable" if they were composed entirely of biodegradable constituents and as "eco‐friendly" if only a portion of their constituents was biodegradable. We observed that several glitter products are incorrectly classified as biodegradable, demonstrating the need for standardized terminology that accurately reflects the composition of the glitter particles. Patent applications indicate a growing interest in developing environmentally safe glitter particles in recent years. Studies on conventional glitter mainly focus on its environmental impact or discuss analyzes for the identification and classification of glitter particles. The data gathered highlight the gaps in the field, mainly related to glitter production methods and the standardization of biodegradable glitter. Thus, studies in this direction are highly necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Williams-Beuren syndrome is a contiguous gene syndrome caused by microdeletion of the locus 7q11.23. It is a clinically recognizable condition whose cardinal features include growth deficiency, variable degrees of neurodevelopmental disorders, congenital cardiac defects, outgoing personality, and typical facies. Case Series Presentation: This retrospective study analyzed 38 consecutive patients in a single center for rare diseases, diagnosed by Preus criteria modified by the Sugayama scoring system, comprising 17 male and 21 female individuals aged 1 month to 55 years. Cases were divided into two groups concerning (a) exclusive clinical diagnosis or (b) clinical diagnosis followed by a laboratory cytogenetic or cytogenomic test; except for hypertension, no significant difference was seen among both groups. The most frequent findings were intellectual deficiency, developmental delay, typical facies, and overfriendliness, all above 80% of the total sample. On the other hand, supravalvar aortic stenosis was found in only 32.4%, while other congenital heart diseases were seen in 56.7% of the sample. Unusual features included one individual with 13 pairs of ribs, another with unilateral microphthalmia, and three with unilateral renal agenesis. Comorbidities comprised 9 cases of hypothyroidism and 1 case each of precocious puberty, segmental vitiligo, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Conclusion: Preus criteria modified by the Sugayama scoring system are still efficient and helpful for clinical diagnosis. This is the second report on microphthalmia and the first study describing the association between vitiligo, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia in individuals with Williams-Beuren syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa de mestrado que se propôs a mapear e analisar as percepções de mulheres que atuam no campo da saúde coletiva brasileira sobre violências de gênero vividas e expressas em seus cotidianos, a partir do recorte de um estudo amplo, intitulado ‘Mulheres da Saúde Coletiva: um retrato de quem constrói o campo’, desenvolvido pelo movimento de pesquisa-intervenção-luta de mulheres atuantes nesse campo, que formam a ‘Coletiva Adelaides: Feminismos e Saúde’. Trata-se de um estudo quanti-qualitativo, do tipo pesquisa-intervenção, que parte do método da cartografia e dos referenciais teóricos das epistemologias feministas negras. Os resultados são apresentados com base na tipificação das violências percebidas pelas mulheres, na sua interface com o processo do trabalho em saúde e na cotidianidade, apontando para a persistência e a gravidade das violências identificadas no cotidiano de mulheres atuantes no campo da saúde coletiva e nas contribuições possíveis para os estudos de gênero, que se dão pelo aprofundamento e pela análise desse cenário a partir da articulação dos conceitos de interseccionalidade e política do empoderamento, bem como pelo delineamento de possibilidades para enfrentamento dessas violências.

Objetivo: identificar as representações sociais de jovens universitários da área da saúde sobre o Papilomavírus Humano e analisar como elaboram os fatores de riscos e as estratégias de prevenção frente a essa infecção. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado com 200 estudantes de 14 áreas da saúde de uma universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro -BR, no período de julho de 2018 a julho de 2020, pelo Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras. Os dados foram analisados por Análise Fatorial de Correspondência pelo programa TriDeux 5.2. Resultados: as representações dos jovens universitários variam de acordo o gênero e orientação sexual. Contudo, direcionam unicamente à mulher a responsabilização pela prevenção da doença. Conclusão: a identificação das representações dos jovens acerca do Papilomavírus Humano contribui para que a enfermagem possa traçar estratégias para seu enfrentamento por meio da formação desses futuros profissionais.

Objective: to identify the social representations of young university students in the health area about the Human Papillomavirus and to analyze how they develop risk factors and prevention strategies against this infection. Method: an exploratory and descriptive study based on the Theory of Social Representations and carried out from July 2018 to July 2020 using the Free Word Association Test with 200 students from 14 health areas at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data were analyzed by means of Correspondence Factor Analysis using the Tri-Deux 5.2 program. Results: the university students' representations vary according to gender and sexual orientation. However, they only direct responsibility for prevention of the disease to women. Conclusion: identifying young people's representations about the Human Papillomavirus contributes so that Nursing can devise strategies to face it through the training of these future professionals.

Objetivo: identificar las representaciones sociales de jóvenes universitarios del área de la salud sobre el Virus del Papiloma Humano y analizar cómo elaboran los factores de riesgo y las estrategias de prevención para esta infección. Método: estudio descriptivo exploratorio, basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, realizado con 200 estudiantes de 14 áreas de la salud de una universidad pública de Río de Janeiro, BR, de julio de 2018 a julio de 2020, utilizando el Test de Asociación Libre de Palabras. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el Análisis Factorial de Correspondencia usando el programa TriDeux 5.2. Resultados: las representaciones de los jóvenes universitarios varían según el género y la orientación sexual. Sin embargo, solo le atribuyen la responsabilidad de la prevención de la enfermedad a la mujer. Conclusión: identificar las representaciones de los jóvenes sobre el Virus del Papiloma Humano contribuye a que el área de enfermería diseñe estrategias para enfrentarlo mediante la formación de estos futuros profesionales.