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PurposePast work on the role of brands in the acceptance of organic products is partial and inconclusive. Research has failed to examine the consumer sense-making process underpinning fit assessment, despite the centrality of this assessment in the acceptance of line extensions. This study reconceptualizes the fit construct, showing the relationship of the fit dimensions (noncompensatory) and contributes to the literature with a deeper understanding of the role of a brand's association in the assessment process, which has been poorly examined in the past.Design/methodology/approachGrounded theory was used to unearth the process followed by consumers to assess the fit of organic line extensions. The study was based on 14 in-depth interviews.FindingsThe findings show that the dimensions of fit that consumers consider in assessing organic line extensions depend on the schema used in the assessment process. Moreover, it demonstrates that these dimensions have disparate structural relationships with one another, depending on consumers' previous commitment to organic products. Finally, the paper identifies three possible behavioral reactions by consumers toward organic line extensions.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this research concerns the settings in which it was developed. Therefore, and as stated by Strauss and Corbin (1990) the model applies to the situation analyzed and not to others. Future research could study if there are cultural differences in the assessment process of an organic line extension. Moreover, the contribution presented in this paper needs further empirical testing; specifically, the configuration of dimensions needed to accept an organic line extension and the relationship among dimensions.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by studying the impact of brand association on assessing an organic line extension and reconceptualizing the fit construct by showing the dimensions and the relationship between them that are not additive to the overall fit, as shown in past literature. Additionally, it provides a guide to brands wishing to launch an organic product using a line extension strategy and the potential implications for the parent brand that should be considered.

Educación laica, gratuita, obligatoria, integral, científica, democrática, nacionalista y de calidad, como valores para la educación pública que se han incorporado y evolucionado a través del tiempo, han dado sentido y orientación a la acción gubernamental durante gran parte del siglo que ha cumplido la Constitución mexicana de 1917; sin embargo, parecen aún lejanos e insuficientes para configurar el proyecto educativo del México futuro. Por ello, el debate sobre el derecho a la educación, si bien tiene varias décadas de estar presente entre especialistas y académicos, parece más pertinente hoy, frente a las dificultades y controversias que ha enfrentado la reforma educativa de 2013. El centenario del Artículo Tercero Constitucional es un marco simbólico que brinda la oportunidad de compendiar el estado actual de su debate, mismo que se ha logrado gracias a la colaboración entre la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales-México (flacso) y la Comisión de Educación del Senado de la República lxiii Legislatura, que además abre la posibilidad para la reflexión permanente sobre los retos que deberá enfrentar, en los años venideros, este importante derecho humano. Para hacer un justo reflejo del debate nacional, la pluralidad se planteó como uno de los principales objetivos de esta obra. Las contribuciones que se encuentran incluidas fueron desarrolladas por sus autores, en respuesta a una convocatoria de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional y la Comisión de Educación del Senado de la República lxiii Legislatura, buscando que todo interesado en el tema que tuviera algo que aportar al debate pudiese hacerlo, siempre en un marco de tolerancia al derecho de otros de disentir, condición que los autores participantes mostraron en un elevado ejemplo de capacidad de diálogo y debate entre pares, donde las posturas totalizantes cedieron el paso a la crítica reflexiva.

espanolEn este documento se presentan las etapas de desarrollo real- izadas para el diseno, construccion y caracterizacion de un sistema que per- mita la adquisicion de datos de vuelo del cohete experimental USB - Rocket I. Para ello, se exponen las condiciones obtenidas de la simulacion de vuelo, empleando un programa especializado de coheteria, como tambien el pro- ceso de construccion e integracion de sensores en un circuito electronico, el cual permite la adquisicion de datos. Como resultado, se presentan las mediciones obtenidas con el sistema durante una prueba en condicion de desplazamiento horizontal y al equipar una aeronave comercial con este dis- positivo. EnglishThis document describes the different stages of development need to design, build and characterize a flight data acquisition system for the experimental rocket USB - Rocket I. To do so, some simulated flight con- ditions collected from a computer program, and the manufacturing and as- sembly process of an integrated electronic circuit are presented. As a result, the flight data collected in a horizontal ground displacement and commer- cial flight test are presented with this device.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a global burden that is expected to grow [Formula: see text] by 2030. This will increase the need for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Animal and individualized in silico models will allow understanding and compensation for inter and intra-individual differences in treatment and management strategies for diabetic patients. The method presented here can advance the concept of personalized medicine. METHODS: Twenty experiments were performed with Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin induced experimental diabetes in which the insulin-glucose response curve was recorded over 60–100 min using only an insulin pump and a percutaneous glucose sensor. The information was used to fit the five-parameter Bergman Minimal Model to the experimental results using a genetic algorithm with a root-mean-squared optimization rule. RESULTS: The Bergman Minimal Model parameters were estimated with high accuracy, low prediction bias, and low average root-mean-squared error of 15.27 mg/dl glucose. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a simple method to accurately parameterize the Bergman Minimal Model. We used Sprague–Dawley rats since their physiology is close to that of humans. The parameters can be used to objectively characterize the physiological severity of diabetes. In this way, planned treatments can compensate for natural variations of conditions both inter and intra patients. Changes in parameters indicate the patient’s diabetic condition using values of glucose effectiveness ([Formula: see text] ) and insulin sensitivity ([Formula: see text] ). Quantifying the diabetic patient’s condition is consistent with the trend toward personalized medicine. Parameter values can also be used to explain atypical research results of other studies and increase understanding of diabetes.

Objective: The review aims to analyze the differences in the ASD presentation in females to identify current gaps in the literature and suggest future research directions. Data Selection: Keywords used in this search were ASD, females, restrictive/repetitive interest, female autism phenotype. Databases used included Sciencedirect, Medline, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, and PsychINFO. The search returned 73, 931 studies; 73,905 were removed for not meeting inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2012–2022 that analyzed the autistic female phenotype as well as gender differences in the female autistic presentation. The final analysis consisted of 26 studies. Data Synthesis: Findings of 24 studies concluded that amongst autistic females, there are variations in the symptomatology presentation that are not fully understood. Significant differences were found in brain structures, anterior insula functioning, symptom recognition, diagnosis age, and access to health care. Key themes for females included camouflage effect, genetic and hormonal mechanisms, diagnostic assessment tools, significant differences in communication, socialization, and the presentation of restrictive and repetitive behaviors, as well as the female autism phenotype. Findings of 1 study revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of suicidal ideation between genders. The twenty-six-study found no significant gender differences in response to treatment. Conclusion: This review points out that ASD presentation in females can be better recognized through the understanding and expansion of the autistic female phenotype. Limitations include the lack of research comparing ASD with typically developing females. Future research on the autistic female phenotype is needed.

According to the United Nations, 70% of the world&rsquo, s population will live in cities by 2050. This growth will be reflected in the demand for better services that should be adjusted to the collective and individual needs of the population. Governments and organizations are working on defining and implementing strategies that will enable them to respond to these challenges. The main challenges are related to transport and its management, considering transportation as a core issue in the economy, sustainability, and development of the regions. In this way, the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) play a key role in the response to these scenarios, being that they are the framework where the new hardware and software tools are integrated, allowing an efficient development of transportation systems management, attending to aspects such as: traffic management, communications between vehicles and infrastructures, and security, among others. Nevertheless, the concept of ITS evolves rapidly so it is necessary to understand its evolution. To do that, the current research develops a thematic analysis of ITS in literature, evaluating the intellectual structure and its evolution using SciMAT, quantifying the main bibliometric performance indicators, and identifying the main research areas, authors, journals, and countries. To this purpose, the publications related to ITS from 1993 to 2019 available in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection were retrieved (7649 publications) and analyzed. Finally, one of the main results is the latest research themes map of ITS, considering its intellectual structure, evolution, and relationship. It assists in the definition and implementation of strategies, the identification of the scientific, academic, and business opportunities, and future research lines to consolidate the role of ITS in the new city models.

Fertilization, the union of male and female gametes to create offspring, is an intricate biological process dependent upon several biochemical and physiological events. Our understanding of the functions of protein constituents of the outer acrosomal membrane-associated matrix complex (OMC) is limited. A highly purified OMC fraction isolated from bovine cauda sperm heads is comprised of 54, 50, 45, and 38–19kDa polypeptides. The objective of this study is to identify and to characterize the 45kDa (OMC45) polypeptide and to define its role in binding acrosomal hydrolases and to examine the fate of OMC45 polypeptide during the acrosome reaction. We isolated OMC45 polypeptide from the high-pH insoluble fraction of OMC. Proteomic analysis of OMC45 by MALDI–TOF–TOF yielded 8 peptides that matched the NCBI database sequence of Tektin 3 (TEKT3). Triton X–100–permeabilized cauda sperm exhibited intense staining of the acrosomal segment with anti–OMC45 and anti–TEKT3. The OMC45 polypeptide was solubilized by RIPA (radio-immunoprecipitation assay) buffer extraction. The solubilized fraction was subjected to immunoprecipitation analysis. The OMC45 polypeptide was recovered in the anti–OMC45 immunoprecipitation pellet. An identical blot stained with anti–TEKT3 exhibited the presence of TEKT3 polypeptide in the anti–OMC45 pellet. Our immunofluorescence and biochemical studies confirm the proteomics identification of OMC45 polypeptide; that it exhibits a sequence similarity to TEKT3. OMC45 glycoprotein possesses both N–linked and O–linked oligosaccharides. Deglycosylated OMC45 revealed a significant reduction in both acrosin and N–acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA) binding in comparison with acrosin and NAGA binding to a native OMC45 polypeptide, demonstrating the important role of oligosaccharides in hydrolase binding. OMC45 polypeptide is not released during the acrosome reaction but remains in the particulate cell subfraction, associated with the hybrid membrane complex.

[Background]: Although decreased counts of peripheral blood (PB) B cells—associated with an apparently contradictory polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia—have been reported in chronic alcoholism, no information exists about the specific subsets of circulating B cells altered and their relationship with antibody production. Here, we analyzed for the first time the distribution of multiple maturation-associated subpopulations of PB B cells in alcoholism and its potential relationship with the onset of liver disease. [Methods]: PB samples from 35 male patients—20 had alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and 15 chronic alcoholism without liver disease (AWLD)—were studied, in parallel to 19 male healthy donors (controls). The distribution of PB B-cell subsets (immature/regulatory, naïve, CD27− and CD27+ memory B lymphocytes, and circulating plasmablasts of distinct immunoglobulin—Ig—isotypes) was analyzed by flow cytometry. [Results]: Patients with AH showed significantly decreased numbers of total PB B lymphocytes (vs. controls and AWLD), at the expense of immature, memory, and, to a lesser extent, also naïve B cells. AWLD showed reduced numbers of immature and naïve B cells (vs. controls), but higher PB counts of plasmablasts (vs. the other 2 groups). Although PB memory B cells were reduced among the patients, the percentage of surface (s)IgA+ cells (particularly CD27−/sIgA+ cells) was increased in AH, whereas both sIgG+ and sIgA+ memory B cells were significantly overrepresented in AWLD versus healthy donors. Regarding circulating plasmablasts, patients with AH only showed significantly reduced counts of sIgG+ cells versus controls. In contrast, the proportion of both sIgA+ and sIgG+ plasmablasts—from all plasmablasts—was reduced in AH and increased in AWLD (vs. the other 2 groups). [Conclusions]: AH and AWLD patients display a significantly reduced PB B-cell count, at the expense of decreased numbers of recently produced immature/regulatory B cells and naïve B cells, together with an increase in Ig-switched memory B lymphocytes and plasmablasts, particularly of IgA+ cells., This study was supported by the Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, grant number 2007/020 to F-J. L., Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid, Spain and the Red de Trastornos Adictivos of Instituto de Salud Carlos III—FONDOS FEDER with expedient numbers RD06/0001/0004 and RD12/0028/0008 to FJL.

In the context of seeking novel therapeutic targets for treating ischemic stroke, the preconditioning ischemia-induced brain ischemic tolerance has been used as a model of endogenously operative, broad-based neuroprotective mechanisms. Targeting such mechanisms is considered potentially less prone to adverse side effects, as those seen in many failed clinical trials that focus on single targets using exogenous compounds. Results from previous studies have revealed an overall decrease in potassium channel activity in tolerance development. The objective of this study is to identify ion channel genes that are differentially regulated under different brain ischemic conditions, as a mean to identify those ion channels that are associated with ischemic brain injury and ischemic tolerance. In mice in vivo, transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. In cultured neuronal cells in vitro, simulated ischemia was modeled by oxygen-glucose deprivation. For both in vivo and in vitro studies, three principal ischemic conditions were included: ischemic-preconditioned, injured and tolerant, respectively, plus appropriate controls. In these model systems, transcript levels of a panel of 84 neuronal ion channels genes were analyzed with a quantitative real-time PCR mini-array. The results showed that, both in vivo and in vitro, there was a predominant down regulation in neuronal ion channel genes under ischemic-tolerant conditions, and an up regulation in ischemic injury. Similar changes were observed among potassium, sodium and calcium channel genes. A number of regulated genes exhibited opposing changes under ischemic-injured and ischemic-tolerant conditions. This subset of ion channel genes exemplifies potentially novel leads for developing multi-factorial therapeutic targets for treating ischemic stroke.

Software development depends on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to achieve their goals. However, choosing the right APIs remains as a difficult ask for software engineers. Considering that recommendation systems are emerging to support software engineers in their decision-making task and Games industry has a huge economic and cultural success, we proposed a technique that considers Game category from SourceForge and recommends PIs to software engineers with software in initial (not using APIs) or advanced (using some APIs) stage of software development. We used collaborative filtering technique along with frequent Itemset mining technique for generating the corresponding large and top-N lists of APIs recommended. We evaluated lists performance based on two classification accuracy metrics (precision and recall) and one efficacy metric (recall rate), obtaining promising outcomes. Thus, the results of evaluation metrics showed that our technique could make useful API recommendations for software engineers with Game software that used a small number of APIs or did not use any API. Besides, our technique was able to put relevant APIs even in high-ranking positions, even in small top-N lists, of APIs recommended.

Computational game industry has a huge economic and cultural success. However, this industry faces the challenge of adopting good Software Engineering practices for those games to have quality. In this paper, the aim is to perform a characterization of the modularization of 100 open source Java systems from domain of Games. Spearman correlation analysis was performed using six coupling metrics and three cohesion metrics. As result, 24% of collected systems in domain of Games were developed without worrying about internal software quality. As results from modularization analysis, significant correlations were found among those metrics, indicating their relevance to the quality evaluation in developing games.

Mammalian fertilization is accomplished by the interaction between sperm and egg. Previous studies from this laboratory have identified a stable acrosomal matrix assembly from the bovine sperm acrosome termed the outer acrosomal membrane-matrix complex (OMC). This stable matrix assembly exhibits precise binding activity for acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase. A highly purified OMC fraction is comprised of three major (54, 50, and 45kDa) and several minor (38–19kDa) polypeptides. The set of minor polypeptides (38–19kDa) termed “OMCrpf polypeptides” is selectively solubilized by high-pH extraction (pH 10.5) while the three major polypeptides (55, 50 and 45kDa) remain insoluble. Proteomic identification of the OMC32 polypeptide (32kDa polypeptide isolated from high-pH soluble fraction of OMC) yielded two peptides that matched the NCBI database sequence of acrosin-binding protein. Anti-OMC32 recognized an antigenically related family of polypeptides (OMCrpf polypeptides) in the 38–19kDa range with isoelectric points ranging between 4.0 and 5.1. Other than glycohydrolases, OMC32 may also be complexed to other acrosomal proteins. The present study was undertaken to identify and localize the OMC32 binding polypeptides and to elucidate the potential role of the acrosomal protein complex in sperm function. OMC32 affinity chromatography of a detergent soluble fraction of bovine cauda sperm acrosome followed by mass spectrometry-based identification of bound proteins identified acrosin, lactadherin, SPACA3, and IZUMO1. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis also demonstrated the interaction of OMC32 with acrosin, lactadherin, SPACA3, and IZUMO1. Our immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of SPACA3 and lactadherin over the apical segment; whereas, IZUMO1 is localized over the equatorial segment of Triton X-100 permeabilized cauda sperm. Immunoblot analysis showed that a significant portion of SPACA3 was released after the lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC)-induced acrosome reaction; whereas, the IZUMO1 and lactadherin polypeptides remain associated to the particulate fraction. Almost entire population of bovine sperm IZUMO1 relocates to the equatorial segment during the LPC-induced acrosome reaction. We propose that the interaction of OMC32 matrix polypeptide with detergent soluble acrosomal proteins regulates the release of hydrolases/other acrosomal protein(s) during the acrosome reaction.

Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a new method that can identify and treat intestinal bowel diseases. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can explore lesions of the different layers of the gastrointestinal tract. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare disorder with high morbidity and mortality. We describe a case of BRBNS that was diagnosed and treated with these two methods. A 13-year-old child presented to our department with a 9-month history of chronic anemia. Eight months ago he was admitted to the emergency department with melena and upper endoscopy revealed two vascular lesions, one with active bleeding which was treated with sclerotherapy. The patient continued with anemia and intermittent melena. Other diagnostic tests were negative. Physical examination revealed one oral hemangioma. An initial DBE was performed and three small lesions in the antrum were found and treated. Two more jejunal lesions were observed and its vascular origin was confirmed with the aid of a 15 MHz miniprobe that was passed through the biopsy channel. Combined treatment was applied with polidocanol at 1.5% and argon plasma coagulation. Other lesions were found and treated. The control DBE did not show active hemangiomas. The patient was followed for 3 months and no more bleeding was seen and the anemia was corrected to a level of 11 g/dL. DBE with EUS can diagnose and effectively treat patients with vascular lesions, such as BRBNS. The combined treatment offered was safe and no complications were observed. The prognosis has been excellent.

Majority of software depends on external libraries to achieve their goals. We conducted studies to identify software similarity regarding libraries, using 91 Java open-source projects managed by Maven from Apache ecosystem and considering the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) categories for every project. We extracted software libraries to compute the similarity thought two similarity metrics: Jaccard and Cosine. Results showed one software without external library and low similarity degrees among software libraries caused by a highly disproportion quantity of dependencies per project, for instance, three projects had 100% similarity caused by depending just on JUnit library, which is also the most used dependency on analyzed projects. Although our study revealed a low similarity among selected projects, it provides useful information about trending libraries for developers based on the relation among most used libraries in Apache projects, regarding ASF categories and Apache community preferences. It also discloses reasons for similarity degrees and for most used dependencies on Apache ecosystem.

Development of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) may be favored by the activation of the innate immune response. Recently, decreased numbers of circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been reported in diseases associated with an immune activation status, but no studies have focused so far, in investigating the distribution of Tregs in chronic alcoholism and its potential association with liver disease. Here, we analyzed for the first time the frequency of peripheral blood (PB) Tregs and Treg subsets in AH and its relationship with the production of inflammatory cytokines by PB monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs).PB samples from 25 male patients with AH were studied; in parallel, 15 male chronic alcoholic patients without liver disease (AWLD) and 17 male healthy donors were also studied, as controls. The distribution of CD4⁺CD25hiCD127-/lo Tregs and their maturation subsets (naïve, central memory, and peripheral memory Tregs) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Spontaneous and in vitro-stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines by PB monocytes and DCs was analyzed by flow cytometry at the cytoplasmic level.Patients with AH showed decreased (p0.05) numbers of PB CD4⁺CD25hiCD127-/lo Tregs at the expense of all maturation-associated subsets, while AWLD and healthy subjects showed a similar (p0.05) distribution of PB CD4⁺CD25hiCD127-/lo Tregs. Interestingly, significantly increased amounts of spontaneously produced inflammatory cytokines were found among circulating monocyte-derived DCs and monocytes from AH (and AWLD) patients in comparison with healthy donors. Conversely, the ability of these cell subsets to produce cytokines after in vitro stimulation was lower (p0.05) in AH versus the 2 control groups.PB CD4⁺CD25hiCD127-/lo Tregs are significantly decreased in patients with AH when compared to both healthy and AWLD; this may contribute to explain the more pronounced activation of the innate immune response observed in AH, as reflected by an increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines by PB DCs and monocytes, and could facilitate the development of liver disease.