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Research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3), conceived as a tool to improve the economic performance of regions through innovation, has played a key role in the European Union regional policy in the 2014-2020 programing period. One of the main points of RIS3 strategies is the selection of few specialisation priorities in which regional economies have a certain competitive advantage. Regional benchmarking exercises are encouraged by the European Commission, to provide a better vision of the position of the region and detect its strengths and weaknesses. In our work we focus our attention in Andalusia, a region in which European regional policy has a very relevant historical importance. We intend to reinforce the SWOT analysis included in the RIS3 strategy of Andalusia 2014-2020, performing a detailed comparative analysis of the region in relation to a selection of reference regions, using the benchmarking methodology proposed by the European Commission. This exercise allows us to enrich the SWOT analysis included in the Andalusian RIS3 strategy 2014-2020 and, therefore, to design new proposals for action that could have been included and to propose a cualitative methodology that could be useful in the design of RIS3 strategies in the period 2021-2027.

Through a comparative survey based on a unique dataset, we highlight existing similarities and differences in the museum demand of two similar institutions located in two different European cities, Padua and Seville. While considering some of the peculiarities of the two museums, we examine the heterogeneity of their visitors’ profiles and their factual, motivational, and evaluative stated behaviours. In particular, these characteristics are econometrically regressed to explain the assiduousness of the two museums’ audiences.

Las Fiestas de Primavera de Sevilla (FPS) constituyen el principal evento cultural de la ciudad con importantes implicaciones sociales, turísticas y económicas. Nuestro trabajo analiza esta dimensión de la cultura de la ciudad en un doble plano. Por un lado, se lleva a cabo una caracterización de las FPS, prototipo de patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial. Por otro lado, se lleva a cabo un estudio de Impacto Económico, calculado a partir de la suma de tres efectos. En primer lugar, los efectos directos derivados del gasto necesario realizado por instituciones públicas y privadas para la celebración del evento. En segundo lugar, los efectos indirectos, producto del gasto efectuado por los participantes en los eventos. Por último, se estiman los efectos inducidos para la economía en su conjunto, mediante los multiplicadores calculados a partir de una tabla Input-Output. La principal contribución del artículo es abordar un estudio de impacto económico de un bien cultural complejo y de naturaleza compuesta, como ejemplo de valorización económica a través de la cultura. Los resultados muestran un impacto económico estimado para el año 2009 de 915,8 millones de euros, que representan un 4,66% del PIB de la ciudad de Sevilla.

This article designs an empirical methodology to measure the perceived value of intangible cultural heritage, specifically using the significant example of flamenco. Such methodology is divided into three stages: interviews with experts, to lay out the flamenco creation process and to identify the aspects, which influenced its value; a double system survey for spectators and experts, which determines the perceived valuation of stated aspects; and finally, a correlation and exploratory factor analysis whose results identified three influencing factors on the valuation of flamenco: feelings, virtuosity, and composition elements. The conclusions show how feelings are the key element in its valuation, representing the highest proportion of the accumulated total variance. Due to its findings, this methodology creates a precedent for intangible cultural heritage valuation, which applies to those music genres characterized by local idiosyncratic elements in their creation, such as vallenato (Colombia), and doina (Romania), among others.

This article aims to determine which variables have effect on the attendance frequency to live flamenco shows. Firstly we have done interviews to flamenco and music industry experts to achieve new-fangled variables in our analysis. Secondly, these variables were valued by flamenco consumers through surveys. Afterwards, with these data, we used a methodology based on different econometric models to obtain the coefficients of the variables. The results show how variables such as educational level, the way the music is listened or the valuation of the performer, amongst others, have an influence on the attendance frequency to flamenco live shows. The article contributes to the scarce empirical literature relating attendance frequency determinants to traditional popular genres by adding never studied before variables, focusing on the flamenco case Este artículo tiene como objetivo determinar qué variables tienen efecto en la frecuencia de asistencia a los espectáculos de flamenco en vivo. En primer lugar, hemos realizado entrevistas a expertos de la industria del flamenco y la música para lograr nuevas variables en nuestro análisis. En segundo lugar, estas variables fueron valoradas por los consumidores de flamenco a través de encuestas. Posteriormente, con estos datos, utilizamos una metodología basada en diferentes modelos econométricos para obtener los coeficientes de las variables. Los resultados muestran cómo variables como el nivel educativo, la forma en que se escucha la música o la valoración del intérprete, entre otros, influyen en la frecuencia de asistencia a los espectáculos de flamenco en vivo. El artículo contribuye a la escasa literatura empírica que relaciona los determinantes de frecuencia de asistencia con los géneros populares tradicionales, al agregar variables nunca antes estudiadas, centrándose en el caso del flamenco Universidad Pablo de Olavide

This article analyzes the gap between the perceived value of the performer's contributions to the musical work and the treatment that it receives in the market. It applies to the case of fl...

University students consume live music, however, almost 40% declare that they have never attended a flamenco show, an intangible heritage of humankind. Numerous studies have shown that cultural capital and socioeconomic profile, among other factors, are variables that influence cultural consumption, and therefore, cultural sustainability. Considering the relationship between several variables, this paper pursues a double objective. On the one hand, identifying the factors that influence attendance at flamenco shows, and on the other, proposing a predictive model that quantifies the likelihood of an individual attending a flamenco show. To this end, we analyse flamenco consumption by means of a survey conducted on 452 university students, using Multilayer Perceptrom (a non-parametric model), a methodology based on an artificial neural network. Our results confirm the importance of cultural capital, as well as personal and external factors, among other. The findings of this research work are of potential interest for management and planning of cultural events, as well as to promote cultural sustainability.

Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development are the European Union’s key tool for financing research projects and initiatives. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of research projects in the Andalusian agrifood sector that were financed by the 6th and 7th Framework Programmes from a gender perspective. Our methodology is based on the analysis of survey responses of the researchers who have participated in these projects. Using the data from their responses, we conduct a descriptive analysis from a cross-cutting gender perspective and also analyse the outcomes and results of each project. Our conclusions could serve as guidelines to improve the implementation of the Horizon 2020 Programme with regard to the equality of opportunities between men and women.

El mercado del alojamiento colaborativo está experimentando un fuerte crecimiento en los últimos años. Esto supone, por un lado, una oportunidad para el estimular el crecimiento económico y el empleo en un sector estratégico como el turismo; pero, por otro, plantea importantes retos en materia de regulación, que se antojan claves para aprovechar los beneficios de esta nueva economía. El presente estudio reflexiona sobre esta cuestión para identificar los elementos propios de la buena regulación económica en el mercado del alojamiento turístico, a partir del estudio de las tentativas reguladoras de los órganos autonómicos, prestando especial atención al caso de Andalucía, por ser la experiencia de mayor éxito en este ámbito. The collaborative hosting market is seeing strong growth in recent years. This means, on the one hand, an opportunity to stimulate economic growth and employment in a strategic sector such as tourism; but, on the other hand, it raises important regulatory challenges that seem like keys to take advantage of the benefits of this new economy. The present study reflects on this issue in order to identify the elements of better regulation in the tourist hosting market based on a study of the regulatory attempts of the autonomic regulatory bodies, paying particular attention to the case of Andalusia, as it is the most successful experience in this area.

This study examines the influence of CEO gender on returns and risk for a sample of 2,157 Spanish publishing firms in 2013. The publishing sector is relevant in Spain, in terms of output, because of its positive contribution to the cultural sector's trade balance and also because it plays a key strategic role in a knowledge-based society. Previous evidence suggests that women in senior management position affect the performance of firms and also the level of risk that the firm is exposed to. Our results show that publishing companies whose CEO is female have greater returns. This result is observed when both the return on assets and the return on equity are considered as the dependent variable. When we focus on risk, we find a lower debt level and lower financial leverage when the CEO is a woman.

La intervencion del sector publico en la economia de las sociedades desarrolladas se articula fundamentalmente a traves de la regulacion. Por ello, una regulacion economica de calidad, con normas eficientes, tramites simplificados e instituciones eficaces, se convierte en un factor central del funcionamiento optimo de las actividades productivas y, por tanto, del crecimiento y el desarrollo economico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es elaborar un indice para evaluar la calidad de la regulacion economica en Andalucia. Para cumplir este objetivo se construye un indice de naturaleza hibrida, que combina datos objetivos, con otros de naturaleza subjetiva. La parte objetiva del indice incorpora 11 componentes, con datos procedentes de los indicadores “Doing Business”, elaborados por el Banco Mundial y la Contabilidad Nacional de Espana (INE). La parte subjetiva, que cuenta con otros 6 componentes, se basa en los resultados del Indicador de Confianza Empresarial elaborado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y el Instituto de Estadistica y Cartografia de Andalucia. El indice toma valores ente -1 (maxima restriccion) y 1(minima restriccion). El trabajo contribuye a refinar la metodologia de elaboracion de estos tipos de indices al combinar elementos objetivos y subjetivos, a diferencia, por ejemplo, del European Quality of Government Index (EQI), o el Product Market Regulation (OCDE), que solo incorporan datos subjetivos. Como resultado a destacar, el estudio concluye que el marco regulador en Andalucia, en el periodo objeto de estudio, ha evolucionado hacia un menor grado de restriccion, alcanzando en 2016 un valor de -0.1339, frente a -0.1470 en 2013. Asimismo, se observa un proceso de convergencia con relacion al indice nacional.

In a market accentuated by globalization and digital consolidation, high fashion brands start to rethink the way of producing, communicating and distributing their supply, adopting the See Now, Buy Now (SNBN) model to guarantee the possibility of instant gratification. Literature has been scarce concerning SNBN as a new paradigm of contemporary fashion, more particularly, in what concerns its relationship with brand equity. This study seeks to identify the critical variables of SNBN and analyze its feasibility in production and consumption of fashion. It has applied a mixed and sequential methodology. The Portuguese case is worth analysing because of its similarities with countries where the fashion and creative industries' role is still uncertain, but stilloften mentioned and talked about. The results suggested that there is a positive relation between its adoption and brand equity –in particular a more hybrid strategy of adoption, considering its risks and investments.

espanolLa innovacion social es un fenomeno que ha sido ampliamente estudiado en la ultima decada debido al auspicio propiciado tanto desde la esfera publica como privada. Sin embargo, hay un vacio en la literatura existente acerca de que caracteristicas son definitorias y relevantes para considerar una iniciativa como socialmente innovadora, asi como sobre que papel juegan las entidades del tercer sector en el desarrollo de la innovacion social. Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos principales: en primer lugar, enunciar y ponderar las propiedades mas importantes que debe tener una iniciativa para ser considerada innovacion social, y, en segundo lugar, basandonos en dichas caracteristicas, explicar por que las entidades del tercer sector pueden ser, por su propia naturaleza, sujetos con facilidades para su desarrollo. Con este fin se ha disenado una metodologia cualitativa basada principalmente en la revision de la literatura, la realizacion de entrevistas semiestructuradas y el analisis de un caso. Las entrevistas, una vez transcritas, fueron analizadas con el programa Atlas.ti, lo que ha posibilitado identificar y ponderar un total de 18 atributos definitorios de la innovacion social que han sido agrupados en 3 grandes bloques. Posteriormente, hemos analizado un proyecto de una entidad del tercer sector y hemos podido observar que todas las caracteristicas previamente identificadas como definitorias de la innovacion social estan presentes en este.Nuestro trabajo contribuye a crear una mayor evidencia empirica sobre que aspectos principales deben ser tenidos en cuenta cuando se analiza si un proyecto es socialmente innovador o no. Asimismo, tambien se aporta un conocimiento relevante acerca de las potencialidades de las entidades del tercer sector como un agente con facilidades para el desarrollo de las innovaciones sociales EnglishSocial innovation is a phenomenon that has been widely studied in the last decade due to the sponsorship from the public and private sectors. However, there is a gap in the existing literature regarding which characteristics define, and are relevant, to consider an initiative as socially innovative. In addition, little work has explored the role third sector organisations play in the development of social innovation.This work has two main objectives: first, to state and weigh the most important characteristics that an initiative must gather to be considered social innovation, and, second, based on these characteristics, to explain why third sector organisations can be, by their very nature, ideal agents for their development. To this end, a qualitative methodology has been designed based on literature review, semi-structured interviews and case analysis. The interviews, once transcribed, were analyzed with the Atlas.ti program. This has allowed us to identify and measure a total of 18 defining attributes of social innovation, which are then further grouped into 3 thematic groups. Subsequently, we analyzed a project developed by a third sector entity and observe that all the characteristics previously identified as defining social innovation are present.Our work contributes to creating more empirical evidence on what main aspects should be taken into account when analyzing whether a project is socially innovative or not. Likewise, relevant knowledge is also provided about the potential of third sector organisations as socially innovative agents

El artículo muestra, utilizando el caso de la música popular tradicional, como los derechos de autor presentan limitaciones para la protección del trabajo creativo. A través de entrevistas a expertos y una revisión multidisciplinar de la literatura, se explica el proceso de creación de la obra y el papel de la interpretación en el mismo. Para ejemplificar lo anterior, utilizando datos obtenidos de entrevistas y encuestas, se presenta el caso representativo del flamenco. El principal resultado muestra como la interpretación es altamente valorada y, por tanto, se deja patente la brecha existente entre su valor percibido y la protección que recibe por parte de los derechos de autor. Using the case of traditional popular music, the article shows how copyright presents limitations in the protection of creative work. The process of creating the work and the role of interpretation are explained through interviews with experts and a multidisciplinary literature review. To illustrate the above, the representative case of flamenco is presented using data collected from interviews and surveys. The main result shows how interpretation is higly valued and therefore, the gap between its perceived value and the protection it receives from copyright is made clear.

espanolEl articulo evalua el seguimiento de los principios de buena regulacion y competencia en el sector cultural andaluz, mediante el analisis de las actuaciones de la Agencia de Defensa de la Competencia de Andalucia (ADCA), recogidas en sus recomendaciones a proyectos y anteproyectos normativos de la Administracion Publica, entre 2008 y 2018. Los resultados muestran que los informes sobre el sector cultural comienzan en 2016 y se concentran en tres sectores: audiovisual, patrimonio y artes escenicas. Asimismo, muestran un alto nivel de seguimiento de las recomendaciones en la normativa. El articulo aporta un marco analitico y metodologico extensible a otros territorios para evaluar el papel de los organos de defensa de la competencia en la mejora de la regulacion y funcionamiento de los mercados en el sector cultural. EnglishThe aim of this article is to evaluate the monitoring of the principles of regulation and competition in the Andalusian cultural sector, by analyzing the actions of the Agency for the Defense of Competition of Andalusia (ADCA), included in its recommendations for projects and draft bill regulations of the Public Administration, between 2008 and 2018. The results show that reports on the cultural sector begin in 2016 and focus on three sectors: audiovisual, heritage and performing arts. They also show a high level of follow-up of the recommendations in the regulations. The article provides an analytical framework and methodological framework extensible to other territories is provided to evaluate the role of competition bodies in improving the regulation and functioning of markets in the cultural sector.

This article, through conceptual elements of Comparative Law (originality) and Cultural Economics (cultural value), analyzes the gap between the performer’s contribution to the flamenco work and the protection he/she obtains. We designed a methodology based on interviews with flamenco personalities and surveys of flamenco market agents. By means of 15 interviews, the structure of the flamenco musical work and its creation process were determined and 690 surveys enabled us to obtain an approximation to the cultural valuation of the contribution of the three elements that constitute the flamenco work: palo (cultural heritage), author and performer. For the 25th anniversary of his death, we present a representative case focusing on Camarón de la Isla. The article contributes to analyzing the value of the performer as a key element of the flamenco musical work and, therefore, supports the claim for his/her protection by copyright., En el artículo, utilizando elementos conceptuales de derecho comparado (originalidad) y de economía de la cultura (valor cultural), se expone que la contribución realizada por el intérprete a la obra flamenca no cuenta con una protección acorde con su importancia. La metodología utilizada incluye entrevistas a personalidades del flamenco, que permitieron determinar la estructura de la obra musical flamenca y el diseño de su proceso de creación. Posteriormente, a partir de encuestas, se obtiene una aproximación a la valoración cultural de los agentes que dan lugar a la obra: palo (acervo cultural), autor e intérprete. Conmemorando el 25 aniversario de su muerte, se presenta un caso representativo de la problemática tratada, protagonizado por Camarón de la Isla. En este sentido el trabajo contribuye al estudio de la valoración del intérprete como parte fundamental de la obra musical flamenca y, por tanto, sustenta la demanda de una protección por derechos de autor.

El articulo pone de manifiesto que los derechos de autor como mecanismo de remuneracion y proteccion del trabajo creativo presentan una limitacion en su cobertura. El papel del interprete en el caso del flamenco en Espana ilustra esta afirmacion. En el articulo a partir de elementos conceptuales de la Economia de la Cultura (valor cultural) y del Derecho Comparado (originalidad subjetiva) se construye un esquema metodologico que permite identificar elementos clave del valor cultural aportado por el interprete a la obra, p.ej. la altura creativa, la variacion distinguible y la novedad suficiente, que, a su vez, le generan un sello distintivo (originalidad subjetiva), que sustenta la demanda de una mayor cobertura via derechos de autor.

Existe un amplio consenso sobre que la innovación social es un fenómeno necesario para contribuir a resolver los nuevos retos sociales de carácter complejo y multidimensional que han proliferado en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, y aunque la innovación social ha ido ganando peso, no hay acuerdo general sobre qué es, ni se conocen en profundidad todos los factores que determinan su aparición en un territorio.En el contexto descrito, este trabajo tiene como objetivos principales hacer una revisión del estado del arte, proponer una definición de innovación social e identificar y analizar la importancia de aquellos factores que favorecen su nacimiento y desarrollo en el territorio. Con este fin, se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa a través de la revisión sistemática de la literatura y la realización de 24 entrevistas semiestructuradas a agentes inmersos en procesos de innovación social. Las entrevistas, una vez transcritas, fueron analizadas con el programa Atlas.ti, lo que ha permitido proponer una definición de innovación social y plantear cinco grandes pilares (elementos sociales y culturales; apoyo político e institucional; conocimiento y mecanismos facilitadores; componentes espaciales y entidades; y mecanismos que determinan la estructura productiva empresarial y social), que agrupan 29 factores identificados y ponderados en función del número de veces que fueron señalados por los entrevistados. Finalmente, se ha realizado un análisis interpretativo de los resultados en el que se explica la relevancia de cada uno de los factores y la relación existente entre ellos.

espanolLa entrada en recesion de la economia espanola en 2009 reavivo el debate sobre el papel del deficit publico en el devenir economico, aunque poco se ha profundizado sobre las causas y la naturaleza de los desequilibrios en las cuentas publicas. Mediante un detenido estudio de los presupuestos y la elaboracion de un modelo de regresion, desagregando las componentes principales del saldo presupuestario, abordaremos dicha cuestion. Contrariamente al relato popular, nuestros resultados indican como la estabilidad presupuestaria fue el hecho coyuntural y la existencia de un deficit primario durante el periodo 1992-2015 del 3,30% del PIB de media, la regla. EnglishAs the Spanish economy slid into recession during 2009, the debate over the role of the public deficit came into the spotlight once again. However, there has been little emphasis on determining the causes and the nature of the imbalances in the government’s accounts. We study the structure of aggregate public budgets and use regression analysis to address these two issues. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, our results show that budget’s stability was transitory and that, in reality, an average primary deficit of 3,30% of GDP prevailed throughout the years between 1992 and 2015.

A global economy cannot be driven in a consistent way by national competition laws. Both the liberalization of markets and the revolution in information and communication have triggered an unprecedented degree of interrelations of national economies. This leads to the internationalization of restrictive business practices. Despite of the WTO efforts and some agreements inside it related with antitrust, global markets have no competition rules. There are a number of economic arguments addressed to take real steps in order to establish a global framework for competition policy. Currently, the international system of competition policy seems gradually ill-suited for dealing with transnational restrictive business practices. The issue is now which organizational form and what degree of decentralization would be optimal for a multilevel system of international competition policy. Depending on the goals of the project, different degrees of decentralization would be more or less desirable.

The article addresses, from a mainly economic perspective, the analysis of the competition pol-icy in the European Union and its contribution to the process of consolidation of the common market. The core of the work consists of a panoramic view of the European competition policy. First, we offer a synthesis of the five areas: suppression of the restrictive agreements of the competition and abuse of dominant position; the control of the aid granted by the states; the liberalization of the eco-nomic sectors under monopoly; these three in the Treaty establishing the European Community, as well as the merger control between companies and international cooperation. Secondly, addressing the analysis of the new framework of the European competition policy, configured from the Council Regulations 1/2003, concerning the implementation of the rules of com-petition under articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty and the 139/2004, on the control of the mergers between companies. We close the paper with an entry of conclusions in which outlines the key challenges facing the European competition policy in the scenario of the global economy.

Taking into account that one of the major handicaps when undertaken in the cultural sector is the problem of cost and demand volatility, this paper aims to implement a viability plan for the entrepreneurship of a lyric theatre low-cost company, dedicated to Zarzuela performance, a type of Spanish music like Opera. Firstly, the cultural sector data are analysed in terms of supply and demand and secondly a viability plan is carried out for three years. According to the results it is concluded that this type of venture is very risky if you do not have grant or other financial resources, due to the variability of demand and the increase in unit costs as the artistic performance has a fixed production technology that cannot absorb the technical progress of the rest of the economy.

El origen de los derechos de autor se remonta al siglo XVIII, pero su análisis económico es más reciente. El trabajo de Plant de 1934 dio inicio a una rama de estudio especializada. El artículo traza un esbozo histórico de esta especialidad considerando las controversias y enfoques que delimitan su ámbito, así como el principal desafío que hoy enfrentan tales derechos, la copia no autorizada.

The analysis and implications of copyright provide the foundation for copyright economics, where an array of different streams of thought coexist feeding a number of controversies that at the same time both hinder and enrich the research agenda. One of the keenest debates concerns the relation between copyright and competition policy. The goal of the current work is to explore to what extent competition policy determines the level of protection afforded to copyright. The paper also analyses the effect of other variables such as education, innovation, culture and national wealth. Panel data techniques are applied for a sample of eight countries over the period 2006 to 2011. Findings show that copyright protection is more intense in countries which have more effective competition policy laws, and which perform better in education, innovation and wealth. The link with regard to spending on culture does not prove significant, opening up a range of hypotheses for formulating cultural policy goals and instruments. In terms of countries, those in the Mediterranean area display the weakest regimes for protecting intellectual property.

Child care choice matters constitute an important factor in parents' well-being. In this paper we explore child care choice from an economic perspective. Concretely we are interested in analysing the determinants that influence the choice of child-care type. To reach this goal, a theoretical model is presented which assumes that families attempt to maximize total utility. Next, an econometric conditional logit model is designed, that is applied to a sample survey of Sevilian families. Our findings reveal that the choice of child care type depends fundamentally on the age of the child, the amount of hours needed and the socio-economic level of the family.

Despite the widely recognized significance of freight transport for a region’s economy, the field of transportation science has focused traditionally on the analytical modeling of passenger systems, relegating the analysis of freight transportation. This paper reviews the methodological framework underlying freight transportation demand analysis, from the microeconomic perspective. Particularly, it presents the main characteristics of this approach, the different types of models available and their corresponding econometric method of estimation. The exposition concludes with a comparative evaluation of these.

En los últimos años, son muchos los países que están instituyendo agencias encargadas de fomentar y proteger la competencia. Ésa ha sido la respuesta nacional a la proliferación de cárteles internacionales que la globalización está motivando. A nivel internacional, la estrategia pasa por armonizar los múltiples sistemas legales de competencia. Sin embargo, esta estrategia está llegando a su límite y se muestra insuficiente ante los casos de mayor envergadura. Cada vez son menos las diferencias institucionales entre las distintas jurisdicciones. Y menos serán. Es de esperar que los conflictos originados por las diferencias sustantivas o de aplicación de los regímenes nacionales de competencia den paso a disputas más relacionadas con los intereses nacionales. Por ello, creemos apropiado reflexionar sobre cuáles podrían ser los pasos a seguir y, sobre todo, cuál el papel de la UE en dicho proceso. Conviene subrayar que la Dirección General de Competencia de la UE se erige como el actor principal en los esfuerzos por la internacionalización de la política de competencia. Además de haber respaldado la iniciativa, la UE constituye un experimento de política de competencia internacional y una muestra de cómo podrían coexistir los actuales regímenes nacionales con una institución supranacional encargada de la coordinación de aquéllos. Es interesante analizar los mecanismos de cooperación inter-jurisdiccional a nivel europeo y plantearnos la conveniencia de configurar un marco global para la política de competencia a partir de la propia experiencia europea.

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