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Resumen: Objetivo: Estudiar la evolución del perfil clínico de una población dada de alta con diagnóstico principal de insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) en las dos primeras décadas del siglo y las variables predictoras de mortalidad y reingreso en el primer año de alta. Diseño: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, longitudinal. Emplazamiento: Área de salud Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, España. Participantes: Todos los pacientes dados de alta con diagnóstico principal de IC entre 2000 y 2019 en un complejo hospitalario general. Mediciones principales: Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, y se realizó un seguimiento de un año; la variable resultado fue un compuesto de mortalidad y/o reingreso. Resultados: Se incluyeron 4.107 altas, edad media 77,1 (DE 10,5) años, 53,1% de mujeres. El número de ingresos, la edad, los antecedentes de neoplasias, los ictus, la insuficiencia renal y la anemia fueron en aumento, así como los reingresos (p de tendencias

Abstract Background The impact of comorbidity on the risk of revision in patients undergoing Total Knee arthroplasty (TKA) and Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is not currently well known. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of comorbidity on the risk of revision in TKA and THA. Methods Patients recorded in the Catalan Arthroplasty Register (RACat) between 01/01/2005 and 31/12/2016 undergoing TKA (n = 49,701) and THA (n = 17,923) caused by osteoarthritis were included. As main explanatory factors, comorbidity burden was assessed by the Elixhauser index, categorized, and specific comorbidities from the index were taken into account. Descriptive analyses for comorbidity burden and specific conditions were done. Additionally, incidence at 1 and 5 years’ follow-up was calculated, and adjusted Competing Risks models were fitted. Results A higher incidence of revision was observed when the number of comorbidities was high, both at 1 and 5 years for THA, but only at 1 year for TKA. Of the specific conditions, only obesity was related to the incidence of revision at 1 year in both joints, and at 5 years in TKA. The risk of revision was related to deficiency anemia and liver diseases in TKA, while in THA, it was related to peripheral vascular disorders, metastatic cancer and psychoses. Conclusions Different conditions, depending on the joint, might be related to higher revision rates. This information could be relevant for clinical decision-making, patient-specific information and improving the results of both TKA and THA.

Los suelos sódicos ocupan una extensa proporción de la Depresión del Salado. El sodio aumenta el pH y provoca la dispersión de las arcillas generando modificaciones en la estructura de los suelos que perjudican el crecimiento de los cultivos al reducir su porosidad y su infiltración. La aplicación de yeso puede mejorar las características de los suelos sódicos. Se realizó un ensayo en el que se aplicaron tres dosis de yeso: A) 0 kg/ha (testigo); B) 100 kg/ha (en la línea de siembra) y C) 12000 kg/ha (en cobertura total). Se replicó el ensayo usando dos cultivos: Festuca (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) y Agropiro (Thynopirum ponticum Barkworth & D.R.Dewey). En los distintos tratamientos se midieron propiedades químicas (pH, conductividad eléctrica, porcentaje de sodio intercambiable (PSI) y carbono orgánico), físicas (resistencia a la penetración, resistencia al corte, densidad aparente e infiltración) y biológicas (porcentaje de implantación y productividad primaria neta). El yeso redujo el pH, aumentó la conductividad eléctrica y redujo el PSI. Además, no modificó la resistencia al corte del suelo, pero sí aumentó su capacidad portante en una situación de elevada humedad y mejoró su conductividad hidráulica. Si bien todos estos cambios mejoraron el porcentaje de implantación de ambos cultivos no se modificó la producción de materia seca.

Pediococcus pentosaceus 1101 was identified by using 16S rRNA and MALDI-Biotyper. The strain was exposed to conditions that resemble the gastrointestinal tract (GT) to evaluate its probiotic properties. That included the growth kinetics, proteolytic and inhibitory activities within a pH range, survival at low pH and in the presence of bile salts, antagonistic activity, cell-adhesion properties, and antibiotic resistance. The evaluation was followed by a genomic and proteomic analysis that involved the identification of proteins obtained under control and gastrointestinal conditions. The strain showed antagonistic activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance to acidity (87% logarithmic survival rate, pH 2) and bile salts (99% logarithmic survival rate, 0.5% w/v), and hydrophobic binding, as well as sensitivity to penicillin, amoxicillin, and chloramphenicol. On the other hand, P. pentosaceus 1101 has a genome size of 1.76 Mbp, with 1754 coding sequences, 55 rRNAs, and 33 tRNAs. The proteomic analysis showed that 120 proteins were involved in mechanisms in which the strain senses the effects of acid and bile salts. Moreover, the strain produces at least one lytic enzyme (N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; 32 kDa) that may be related to the antimicrobial activity. Therefore, proteins identified might be a key factor when it comes to the adaptation of P. pentosaceus 1101 into the GT and associated with its technological and probiotic properties.

Purpose: High doses of local anesthetic administered intra-articularly and peri-articularly during local infiltration analgesia (LIA) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may have potential effects on patient hemodynamics. The aim of this study was to know if hemodynamic changes are associated with LIA in patients undergoing TKA. Methods: In a prospective observational design, elective patients undergoing orthopedic surgery for TKA and treated with LIA consisting of a mixture of ropivacaine (300 mg) and epinephrine (1 mg) were investigated for changes in selected hemodynamic parameters: heart rate (HR), non-invasively registered mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and incidence of arrhythmias during the perioperative course, consisting of the following periods: period 1. from establishment of spinal anesthesia to prior to LIA administration, period 2. from administration of LIA to before release of ischemia tourniquet, period 3. from release ischemia tourniquet to end of surgery, and period 4. from transfer to the post anesthesia care unit to the ward. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA-RM for the difference in means in repeated measurements, and with the Tukey Test between pairs. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. A P value 0.50), and from period 2 to period 4 (89 ± 13 to 91 ± 11 mmHg, P > 0.50). No arrhythmias were detected during follow-up. Conclusions: A mixture of ropivacaine and epinephrine for LIA, despite the high doses administered, does not have a negative impact on hemodynamics.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la fracción atribuible poblacional (FAP) de los factores de riesgo (FR) clásicos para la aparición de la enfermedad cardiovascular en una cohorte poblacional de Extremadura, a fin de recomendar intervenciones preventivas prioritarias. Métodos: Diseño: estudio de cohortes. Emplazamiento: Muestra poblacional representativa de un área de salud de Extremadura (España). Participantes: Dos mil ochocientos treinta y tres individuos, de 25 a 79 años, seleccionados aleatoriamente e incluidos entre 2007 y 2009. Se registraron antecedentes y se midieron parámetros clínicos, siendo seguidos hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2015. Mediciones: Variables explicativas: edad, sexo, obesidad, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial (HTA), diabetes mellitus (DM) e hipercolesterolemia. Variable resultado: Primer evento de la variable combinada de infarto de miocardio, angina de pecho, ictus, isquemia de miembros inferiores y muerte cardiovascular. Se calcularon las hazard ratio mediante regresión de Cox, totalmente ajustadas y las FAP mediante la fórmula de Levin. Resultados: Se analizaron 2.669 sujetos de la cohorte inicial, al ser excluidos 103 por antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular y 61 por pérdidas. El seguimiento fue de 6,9 años (RI: 6,5-7,5). Se documentaron 134 eventos. Tasa de incidencia 7,42/1.000 personas-año. Las hazard ratio ajustadas (IC 95%) fueron: HTA 2,26 (1,40-3,67), hipercolesterolemia 2,23 (1,56-3,18), DM 1,79 (1,24-2,58), tabaquismo 1,72 (1,11-2,69). Las FAP (IC 95%) fueron HTA 31,1 (12,4-48,8), hipercolesterolemia 27,0% (14,8-40,6), tabaquismo 18,8% (3,3-35,0), DM 7,9% (2,6-15,2). Conclusiones: La HTA es el FR con mayor impacto en la salud cardiovascular de la población extremeña, seguido de hipercolesterolemia y tabaquismo, constituyendo objetivos prioritarios para una estrategia preventiva poblacional. Abstract: Objective: To determine the population attributable fraction (PAF) of the major risk factors (RF) for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in an Extremadura population cohort and therefore recommend priority preventive measures in health. Methods: Design, Cohort study. Location: Representative population sample of a health area of Extremadura (Spain) Participants: 2833 individuals, from 25 to 79 years old, randomly selected and recruited between 2007 and 2009. Antecedents and clinical parameters were recorded, a follow up until December 31, 2015 were done. Measurements: Explanatory variables: Age, sex, obesity, current smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypercholesterolemia. Outcome variable: First event of the combined variable of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, peripheral arterial disease and cardiovascular death. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated by Cox regression. The PAFs were calculated using Levin's formula. Results: 2669 subjects were included, 103 had history of cardiovascular disease and 61 were lost. The follow-up was 6.9 years (IR 6.5-7.5). 134 events were recorded. Incidence rate 7.42/1,000 people-year. Adjusted HR (95% CI) were: hypertension 2.26 (1.40-3.67), hypercholesterolemia 2.23 (1.56-3.18), DM 1.79 (1.24-2.58) and current smoking 1.72 (1.11-2.69). The PAF (95% CI) were: hypertension: 31.1 (12.4-48.8), hypercholesterolemia 27.0% (14.8-40.6), smoking 18.8% (3.3–35.0) and DM 7.9% (2.6-15.2). Conclusions: Hypertension confers the greatest burden of cardiovascular disease in the population of Extremadura, followed by hypercholesterolemia and smoking. These RF are priority objectives for a population-based preventive strategy. Palabras clave: Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Prevención y control, Salud pública, Epidemiología, Estudios de cohortes, Fracción atribuible poblacional, Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, Prevention and control, Health public, Epidemiology, Cohort study, Population attributable fraction

Plants MADS-domain/AGL proteins constitute a large transcription factor (TF) family that controls the development of almost every plant organ. We performed a phylogeny of (ca. 500) MADS-domain proteins from Arabidopsis and four legume species. We identified clades with Arabidopsis MADS-domain proteins known to participate in root development that grouped legume MADS-proteins with similar high expression in roots and nodules. In this work, we analyzed the role of AGL transcription factors in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Rhizobium etli N-fixing symbiosis. Sixteen P. vulgaris AGL genes (PvAGL), out of 93 family members, are expressed – at different levels – in roots and nodules. From there, we selected the PvAGL gene denominated PvFUL-like for overexpression or silencing in composite plants, with transgenic roots and nodules, that were used for phenotypic analysis upon inoculation with Rhizobium etli. Because of sequence identity in the DNA sequence used for RNAi-FUL-like construct, roots, and nodules expressing this construct -referred to as RNAi_AGL- showed lower expression of other five PvAGL genes highly expressed in roots/nodules. Contrasting with PvFUL-like overexpressing plants, rhizobia-inoculated plants expressing the RNAi_AGL silencing construct presented affection in the generation and growth of transgenic roots from composite plants, both under non-inoculated or rhizobia-inoculated condition. Furthermore, the rhizobia-inoculated plants showed decreased rhizobial infection concomitant with the lower expression level of early symbiotic genes and increased number of small, ineffective nodules that indicate an alteration in the autoregulation of the nodulation symbiotic process. We propose that the positive effects of PvAGL TF in the rhizobia symbiotic processes result from its potential interplay with NIN, the master symbiotic TF regulator, that showed a CArG-box consensus DNA sequence recognized for DNA binding of AGL TF and presented an increased or decreased expression level in roots from non-inoculated plants transformed with OE_FUL or RNAi_AGL construct, respectively. Our work contributes to defining novel transcriptional regulators for the common bean – rhizobia N-fixing symbiosis, a relevant process for sustainable agriculture.

The genus Weissella is composed of a group of Gram-positive facultative anaerobe bacteria with fermentative metabolism. Strains of this genus have been isolated from various ecological niches, including a wide variety of fermented cereal foods. The present study aimed to determine the relative abundance and fermentation capabilities of Weissella species isolated from pozol, a traditional maya product made of lime-cooked (nixtamalized) fermented maize. We sequenced the V3-V4 regions of 16S rDNA; Weissella was detected early in the fermentation process and reached its highest relative abundance (3.89%) after 3 h of culture. In addition, we evaluated five Weissella strains previously isolated from pozol but reported as non-amylolytic, to define alternative carbon sources such as xylan, xylooligosaccharides, and sucrose. While no growth was observed on birch xylan, growth did occur on xylooligosaccharides and sucrose. Strains WcL17 and WCP-3A were selected for genomic sequencing, as the former shows efficient growth on xylooligosaccharides and the latter displays high glycosyltransferase (GTF) activity. Genomes of both strains were assembled and recorded, with a total of 2.3 Mb in 30 contigs for WcL17 and 2.2 Mb in 45 contigs for WCP-3a. Both strains were taxonomically assigned to Weissella confusa and genomic analyses were performed to evaluate the gene products encoding active carbohydrate enzymes (CAZy). Both strains have the gene content needed to metabolize sucrose, hemicellulose, cellulose, and starch residues, all available in pozol. Our results suggest that the range of secondary enzymatic activity in Weissella confusa strains confer them with wide capabilities to participate in fermentative processes of natural products with heterogeneous carbon sources.

Since their first sequencing 40 years ago, Dengue virus (DENV) genotypes have shown extreme coherence regarding the serotype class they encode. Considering that DENV is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a high mutation rate, this behavior is intriguing. Here, we explore the effect of various parameters on likelihood of new serotype emergence. In order to determine the time scales of such an event, we used a Timed Markov Transmission Model to explore the influences of sylvatic versus peri-urban transmission, viral mutation rate, and vertical transmission on the probabilities of novel serotype emergence. We found that around 1 000 years are required for a new serotype to emerge, consistent with phylogenetic analysis of extant dengue serotypes. Furthermore, we show that likelihood of establishing chains of mosquito-human-mosquito infection, known as consolidation, is the primary factor which constrains novel serotype emergence. Our work illustrates the restrictions on and provides a mechanistic explanation for the low probability of novel dengue virus serotype emergence and the low number of observed DENV serotypes.

The genus Burkholderia sensu lato is composed of a diverse and metabolically versatile group of bacterial species. One characteristic thought to be unique for the genus Burkholderia is the presence of two forms each (with and without 2-hydroxylation) of the membrane lipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ornithine lipids (OLs). Here, we show that only Burkholderia sensu stricto strains constitutively form OLs, whereas all other analyzed strains belonging to the Burkholderia sensu lato group constitutively form the two forms of PE, but no OLs. We selected two model bacteria to study the function of OL in Burkholderia sensu lato: (1) Burkholderia cenocepacia wild-type which constitutively forms OLs and its mutant deficient in the formation of OLs and (2) Robbsia andropogonis (formerly Burkholderia andropogonis) which does not form OL constitutively, and a derived strain constitutively forming OLs. Both were characterized under free-living conditions and during pathogenic interactions with their respective hosts. The absence of OLs in B. cenocepacia slightly affected bacterial growth under specific abiotic stress conditions such as high temperature and low pH. B. cenocepacia lacking OLs caused lower mortality in Galleria mellonella larvae while R. andropogonis constitutively forming OLs triggers an increased formation of reactive oxygen species immediately after infection of maize leaves, suggesting that OLs can have an important role during the activation of the innate immune response of eukaryotes.

Hypermucoviscosity (hmv) is a capsule-associated phenotype usually linked with hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. The key components of this phenotype are the RmpADC proteins contained in non-transmissible plasmids identified and studied in K. pneumoniae. Klebsiella variicola is closely related to K. pneumoniae and recently has been identified as an emergent human pathogen. K. variicola normally contains plasmids, some of them carrying antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Previously, we described a K. variicola clinical isolate showing an hmv-like phenotype that harbors a 343-kb pKV8917 plasmid. Here, we investigated whether pKV8917 plasmid carried by K. variicola 8917 is linked with the hmv-like phenotype and its contribution to virulence. We found that curing the 343-kb pKV8917 plasmid caused the loss of hmv, a reduction in capsular polysaccharide (P < 0.001) and virulence. In addition, pKV8917 was successfully transferred to Escherichia coli and K. variicola strains via conjugation. Notably, when pKV8917 was transferred to K. variicola, the transconjugants displayed an hmv-like phenotype, and capsule production and virulence increased; these phenotypes were not observed in the E. coli transconjugants. These data suggest that the pKV8917 plasmid carries novel hmv and capsule determinants. Whole-plasmid sequencing and analysis revealed that pKV8917 does not contain rmpADC/rmpA2 genes; thus, an alternative mechanism was searched. The 343-kb plasmid contains an IncFIB backbone and shares a region of ∼150 kb with a 99% identity and 49% coverage with a virulence plasmid from hypervirulent K. variicola and multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae. The pKV8917-unique region harbors a cellulose biosynthesis cluster (bcs), fructose- and sucrose-specific (fru/scr) phosphotransferase systems, and the transcriptional regulators araC and iclR, respectively, involved in membrane permeability. The hmv-like phenotype has been identified more frequently, and recent evidence supports the existence of rmpADC/rmpA2-independent hmv-like pathways in this bacterial genus.

The genus Campylobacter groups 32 Gram-negative bacteria species, several being zoonotic pathogens and a major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Antibiotic resistant Campylobacter is considered by the World Health Organization as a high priority pathogen for research and development of new antibiotics. Genetic elements related to antibiotic resistance in the classical C. coli and C. jejuni species, which infect humans and livestock, have been analyzed in numerous studies, mainly focused on local geographical areas. However, the presence of these resistance determinants in other Campylobacter species, as well as in C. jejuni and C. coli strains distributed globally, remains poorly studied. In this work, we analyzed the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance factors in 237 Campylobacter closed genomes available in NCBI, obtained from isolates collected worldwide, in different dates, from distinct hosts and comprising 22 Campylobacter species. Our data revealed 18 distinct genetic determinants, genes or point mutations in housekeeping genes, associated with resistance to antibiotics from aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides, phenicols or tetracyclines classes, which are differentially distributed among the Campylobacter species tested, on chromosomes or plasmids. Three resistance determinants, the blaOXA–493 and blaOXA–576 genes, putatively related to β-lactams resistance, as well as the lnu(AN2) gene, putatively related to lincosamides resistance, had not been reported in Campylobacter; thus, they represent novel determinants for antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp., which expands the insight on the Campylobacter resistome. Interestingly, we found that some of the genetic determinants associated with antibiotic resistance are Campylobacter species-specific; e.g., the blaOXA–493 gene and the T86V mutation in gyrA were found only in the C. lari group, whereas genes associated with aminoglycosides resistance were found only in C. jejuni and C. coli. Additional analyses revealed how are distributed the resistance and multidrug resistance Campylobacter genotypes assessed, with respect to hosts, geographical locations, and collection dates. Thus, our findings further expand the knowledge on the factors that can determine or favor the antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter species distributed globally, which can be useful to choose a suitable antibiotic treatment to control the zoonotic infections by these bacteria.

En la Argentina predomina como sistema productivo la siembra directa donde la ausencia de remoción y el tránsito de máquinas cada vez más pesadas han incrementado los problemas de compactación. Para revertir este fenómeno se utilizan descompactadores. Existen datos dispares de cuán prolongada es la duración del efecto de descompactación. Se realizó un ensayo utilizando un descompactador angulado lateral (Paratill) en un suelo Hapludol Thapto Árgico. A los dos años se evaluó la resistencia a la penetración, la densidad aparente, la infiltración y la producción de materia seca comparando el tratamiento descompactado con el testigo (sin descompactar). No se encontraron diferencias en densidad aparente ni en infiltración entre ambos tratamientos. Hubo diferencias en la resistencia a la penetración donde el tratamiento testigo alcanzó valores mayores al descompactado en parte del perfil trabajado y aún debajo de la profundidad máxima alcanzada. La materia seca producida en el tratamiento descompactado duplicó a la del testigo evidenciando que el efecto de la descompactación se mantiene dos años después de realizada. Se concluye que el efecto de la descompactación se evidencia aún dos años después de efectuada en el parámetro resistencia a la penetración y que el cultivo percibe estos efectos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate our preliminary results after changing our surgical strategy from 2-stage revision arthroplasty to 1-stage revision arthroplasty for patients with chronic knee periprosthetic joint infection. We conducted a prospective study of knee arthroplasty patients that had been diagnosed with chronic infection and treated using a 1-stage revision regardless of the traditional criteria applied for indication thereof. We evaluated two main variables: infection control and economic costs. The definitive diagnosis of infection of the revision was determined by using the criteria proposed by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society. The costs were calculated as average costs in USD, as described by Srivastava (2019), for 1-stage or 2-stage revisions. Eighteen patients were included in the study, and infection was controlled in 17 patients. The total economic savings for our hospital from these 18 patients amounted to USD 291,152. This clinical success has led to major changes in how our hospital approaches the treatment of chronically infected knee replacements, in addition to substantial economic advantages for the hospital.

Verticillium dahliae is one of the most devastating soilborne pathogens for horticulture production. The pathogen has a broad host range and currently there is no effective chemical disease management, therefore, novel sustainable integrated disease management strategies should be considered. In this respect, we questioned whether the soil application of common microbiological growth media can influence the plant—microbe interactions and, subsequently, offer protection against V. dahliae. Indeed, the addition of Nutrient Broth (NB) and Potato Dextrose (PD) in non-sterilized soil reduced Verticillium wilt symptoms in eggplants. The addition of NB in sterilized soil did not reduce the disease symptoms compared to controls, however the addition of PD enhanced plant protection against V. dahliae. Following the results of a split root bioassay in eggplants, the possibility that NB and PD triggered the plant defense mechanisms against V. dahliae was excluded, since NB and PD did not reduce wilt symptom. Therefore, PD may be used as an easy food source for V. dahliae, detouring the pathogen from the root system of plants, while NB may affect the soil microbiome by enhancing antagonism in rhizosphere, or antagonistic interaction between V. dahliae and rhizospheric microbiome. Subsequently, several bacterial strains were isolated from the NB-treated rhizosphere and examined for their biocontrol activity against V. dahliae. Among the examined strains, a Pseudomonas putida strain, Z13, significantly reduced Veticillium severity and incidence under greenhouse conditions.

El Museo de Jérica se crea en 1946 con piezas recuperadas tras la Guerra Civil. A pesar de contar con modestos recursos, destaca por el entusiasmo y dedicación altruista de diversas personas que, en sus inicios, contribuyeron en su formación, conservación y puesta en valor y que, actualmente, se ha materializado en la construcción de un nuevo edificio recientemente inaugurado.

Objective: Perfectionism is one of the variables related to the correct emotional development or with the appearance of clinical symptomatology in childhood. A study has been designed to evaluate the differential effect that each dimension of perfectionism (external pressure, self-exigency, and negative self-evaluation) has in a Spanish children sample of general population for each of the following clinical aspects: irritability, worthlessness feelings, thinking problems, and psychophysiological symptoms.Method: By a random cluster sampling, a total of 2,636 children from 8 to 12 years (M = 9.9, SD = 1.2; 51.3% boys) took part in this research. A serial multiple mediators model was used to check the relation between external pressure over the clinical symptoms through self-exigency and negative-self-evaluation.Results: The results have shown a predictive effect of external pressure over a great variety of clinical symptomatology (irritability, worthlessness, thinking problems, and psychophysiological symptoms), a relation mediated by self-exigency and negative self-evaluation. These relations suggest that external pressure and negative self-evaluation are maladaptive dimensions as they predict the appearance of symptomatology, being the level of self-exigency a protective dimension and favoring the child’s positive development.Conclusions: In consequence, these results point to the importance of the study of these variables that can generate difficulties in childhood in order to improve children’s quality of life and their correct development.

The study aimed to evaluate the metabolism and resistance to the gastrointestinal tract conditions of Bacillus pumilus UAMX (BP-UAMX) isolated from overweight individuals using genomic tools. Specifically, we assessed its ability to metabolize various carbon sources, its resistance to low pH exposure, and its growth in the presence of bile salts. The genomic and bioinformatic analyses included the prediction of gene and protein metabolic functions, a pan-genome and phylogenomic analysis. BP-UAMX survived at pH 3, while bile salts (0.2–0.3% w/v) increased its growth rate. Moreover, it showed the ability to metabolize simple and complex carbon sources (glucose, starch, carboxymethyl-cellulose, inulin, and tributyrin), showing a differentiated electrophoretic profile. Genome was assembled into a single contig, with a high percentage of genes and proteins associated with the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected, but only one beta-Lactam resistance protein related to the inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis was identified. The pan-genome of BP-UAMX is still open with phylogenetic similarities with other Bacillus of human origin. Therefore, BP-UAMX seems to be adapted to the intestinal environment, with physiological and genomic analyses demonstrating the ability to metabolize complex carbon sources, the strain has an open pan-genome with continuous evolution and adaptation.

Swine enteric viral infections are responsible for substantial economic losses in the pork industry worldwide. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PEDV) is one of the main causative agents of diarrhea in lactating pigs, and reports of PEDV coinfection with other enteric viruses highlight the importance of viral interactions for disease presentation and outcomes. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and sequence analyses from samples taken from piglets with acute diarrhea, we explored the possible interactions between PEDV and other less reported pathogens. PEDV coinfection with porcine kobuvirus (PKV) was detected in 36.4% (27/74) of samples. Full genomes from porcine coronavirus and kobuvirus were obtained, as was a partial porcine sapovirus genome (PSaV). The phylogenetic results show the clustering of these strains corresponding to the geographical relationship. To our knowledge, this is the first full genome and isolation report for porcine kobuvirus in México, as well as the first phylogenetic analysis for porcine sapovirus in the country. The NGS approach provides a better perspective of circulating viruses and other pathogens in affected production units.

Cattle babesiosis is a socio-economically important tick-borne disease caused by Apicomplexa protozoa of the genus Babesia that are obligate intraerythrocytic parasites. The pathogenicity of Babesia parasites for cattle is determined by the interaction with the host immune system and the presence of the parasite’s virulence genes. A Babesia bigemina strain that has been maintained under a microaerophilic stationary phase in in vitro culture conditions for several years in the laboratory lost virulence for the bovine host and the capacity for being transmitted by the tick vector. In this study, we compared the virulome of the in vitro culture attenuated Babesia bigemina strain (S) and the virulent tick transmitted parental Mexican B. bigemina strain (M). Preliminary results obtained by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) showed that out of 27 virulence genes described and analyzed in the B. bigemina virulent tick transmitted strain, only five were fully identified in the attenuated laboratory strain. In all cases, the identity and coverture of the identified genes of the wildtype strain were higher than those of the laboratory strain. This finding is putatively associated with the continuous partial loss of virulence genes in the laboratory strain after several passages of the parasite population under optimal in vitro growth conditions. The loss of virulence factors might be reflected in the absence of symptoms of the disease in cattle inoculated with the attenuated strain despite the presence of infection in the bovine host cells.

Dactylopius species, known as cochineal insects, are the source of the carminic acid dye used worldwide. The presence of two Wolbachia strains in Dactylopius coccus from Mexico was revealed by PCR amplification of wsp and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. A metagenome analysis recovered the genome sequences of Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii wDacA (supergroup A) and Candidatus Wolbachia pipientis wDacB (supergroup B). Genome read coverage, as well as 16S rRNA clone sequencing, revealed that wDacB was more abundant than wDacA. The strains shared similar predicted metabolic capabilities that are common to Wolbachia, including riboflavin, ubiquinone, and heme biosynthesis, but lacked other vitamin and cofactor biosynthesis as well as glycolysis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and sugar uptake systems. A complete tricarboxylic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis were predicted as well as limited amino acid biosynthesis. Uptake and catabolism of proline were evidenced in Dactylopius Wolbachia strains. Both strains possessed WO-like phage regions and type I and type IV secretion systems. Several efflux systems found suggested the existence of metal toxicity within their host. Besides already described putative virulence factors like ankyrin domain proteins, VlrC homologs, and patatin-like proteins, putative novel virulence factors related to those found in intracellular pathogens like Legionella and Mycobacterium are highlighted for the first time in Wolbachia. Candidate genes identified in other Wolbachia that are likely involved in cytoplasmic incompatibility were found in wDacB but not in wDacA.

En torno a la discusión de la ley de servicios de comunicación audiovisual y luego de su sanción se tejió una crítica –con buenos y malos argumentos– sobre si la ley “regulaba Internet” o si era apta para “la convergencia”. Desde el inicio del debate que precedió a la sanción de la ley, la cuestión de fondo tenía que ver no sólo con modelos regulatorios de la radiodifusión, la televisión y las telecomunicaciones sino con reglas más generales vinculadas a los alcances de las protecciones a los servicios y productos culturales y educativos, independientemente de sus soportes. El debate se actualiza en la medida, en octubre pasado, el Parlamento Europeo aprobó la nueva reforma a la normativa sobre servicios audiovisuales que afectará en los próximos años a las señales de televisión y los servicios de TV por suscripción, pero también a plataformas digitales como Netflix, Youtube, HULU, ITunes o Spotify, entre otras.

Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 is a nodule-forming α-proteobacterium displaying intrinsic resistance to several abiotic stress conditions such as low pH and high temperatures, which are common in tropical environments. It is a good competitor for Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) nodule occupancy at low pH values, however little is known about the genetic and physiological basis of the tolerance to acidic conditions. To identify genes in R. tropici involved in pH stress response we combined two different approaches: (1) A Tn5 mutant library of R. tropici CIAT899 was screened and 26 acid-sensitive mutants were identified. For 17 of these mutants, the transposon insertion sites could be identified. (2) We also studied the transcriptomes of cells grown under different pH conditions using RNA-Seq. RNA was extracted from cells grown for several generations in minimal medium at 6.8 or 4.5 (adapted cells). In addition, we acid-shocked cells pre-grown at pH 6.8 for 45 min at pH 4.5. Of the 6,289 protein-coding genes annotated in the genome of R. tropici CIAT 899, 383 were differentially expressed under acidic conditions (pH 4.5) vs. control condition (pH 6.8). Three hundred and fifty one genes were induced and 32 genes were repressed; only 11 genes were induced upon acid shock. The acid stress response of R. tropici CIAT899 is versatile: we found genes encoding response regulators and membrane transporters, enzymes involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism and proton extrusion, in addition to several hypothetical genes. Our findings enhance our understanding of the core genes that are important during the acid stress response in R. tropici.

The article presents results of research conducted at the Center Magisterium of the Iguala, Guerrero. Explore the practicality from teachers, teacher educators, conduct training activities for teachers. The authors share research results.

Sigma factors are RNA polymerase subunits engaged in promoter recognition and DNA strand separation during transcription initiation in bacteria. Primary-sigma factors are responsible for the expression of housekeeping genes and are essential for survival. RpoD, the primary-sigma factor of Escherichia coli, a γ-proteobacteria, recognizes consensus promoter sequences highly similar to those of some α-proteobacteria species. Despite this resemblance, RpoD is unable to sustain transcription from most of the α-proteobacterial promoters tested so far. In contrast, we have found that SigA, the primary-sigma factor of Rhizobium etli, an α-proteobacteria, is able to transcribe E. coli promoters, although it exhibits only 48% identity (98% coverage) to RpoD. We have called this the transcriptional laxity phenomenon. Here, we show that SigA partially complements the thermo-sensitive deficiency of RpoD285 from E. coli strain UQ285 and that the SigA region σ4 is responsible for this phenotype. Sixteen out of 74 residues (21.6%) within region σ4 are variable between RpoD and SigA. Mutating these residues significantly improves SigA ability to complement E. coli UQ285. Only six of these residues fall into positions already known to interact with promoter DNA and to comprise a helix-turn-helix motif. The remaining variable positions are located on previously unexplored sites inside region σ4, specifically into the first two α-helices of the region. Neither of the variable positions confined to these helices seem to interact directly with promoter sequence; instead, we adduce that these residues participate allosterically by contributing to correct region folding and/or positioning of the HTH motif. We propose that transcriptional laxity is a mechanism for ensuring transcription in spite of naturally occurring mutations from endogenous promoters and/or horizontally transferred DNA sequences, allowing survival and fast environmental adaptation of α-proteobacteria.

Desde la perspectiva jurídica de los derechos humanos, el artículo busca dimensionar las transformaciones dispuestas por una serie de decretos dictados a partir del 10 de diciembre de 2015 que modificaron leyes de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual (LSCA) y Argentina Digital (LAD). Analiza los cambios en relación a la autoridad de aplicación, la regulación de la TV por cable, la transferencia de licencias, los límites a la concentración y la convergencia. También da cuenta de la audiencia de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos realizada el 8 de abril. Se plantea que las medidas adoptadas se sostienen o profundizan generarán mayor concentración y extranjerización, lo cual tendrá un efecto regresivo sobre la libertad de expresión.

Objetivos: La unificación de criterios para el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico, junto con la propuesta de la Organización Mundial de la Salud de eliminar de ellos a los pacientes con diabetes o con enfermedades cardiovasculares, cambiará la estimación de su prevalencia. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en un área de salud extremeña siguiendo ambas recomendaciones. Métodos: Estudio transversal, poblacional, con selección aleatoria de individuos entre 25 y 79 años de edad, en un Área de Salud de Badajoz. Se recogieron los antecedentes de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la presión arterial y el perímetro abdominal, y una muestra de sangre en ayunas. Se comparó la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico siguiendo los recientes criterios, por sexo y edad. Resultados: Se reclutaron 2.833 personas, el 46,5% eran hombres, y la edad media 51,2 años. La prevalencia del síndrome metabólico fue del 33,6%, significativamente mayor en los hombres (36,7% frente a 30,9%; pObjectives: The unification of criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, together with the subsequent World Health Organization (WHO) proposal to eliminate diabetes and cardiovascular diseases from the diagnostic criteria, will change estimates of the known prevalence of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a health area of Badajoz (Spain) using the latest consensus criteria and eliminating diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional population-wide study of randomly selected individuals aged between 25 and 79 years old in a health area of Badajoz. In all patients, data on their history of cardiovascular risk factors were gathered, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured and a fasting blood sample was collected. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, following recent criteria, was compared by age and gender. Results: We recruited 2,833 individuals (46.5% men). The mean age was 51.2 years The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 33.6% and was significantly higher in men (36.7% vs 30.9%; p

Se trata de un artículo descriptivo cuyo objetivo fundamental es realizar una recopilación de los distintos instrumentos relacionados con el registro de variables temporales utilizados en la observación de los comportamientos de los alumnos, por un lado, y de los profesores por otro, dentro de las clases de Educación Física (EF). Los instrumentos y técnicas de observación están agrupados en función del elemento fundamental de estudio, obteniendo tres clasificaciones: a) los relacionados con la observación del comportamiento del alumno; b) con la observación del comportamiento del profesor, y c) instrumentos globales. De cada instrumento se destaca su uso más importante, estudios donde ha sido aplicado, así como las variables y/o categorías de análisis.

En este artículo se ofrece una visión general sobre un horno alfarero iberorromano, perteneciente al territorio de Kelin. El estudio se centra en la caracterización de su producción cerámica. en la precisión de su cronología y en la distribución de sus productos en el territorio.

Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria are environmentally safe alternatives to control insect pests. They are pore-forming toxins that specifically affect cell permeability and cellular integrity of insect-midgut cells. In this work we analyzed the defensive response of Aedes aegypti larva to Cry11Aa toxin intoxication by proteomic and functional genomic analyses. Two dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) was utilized to analyze proteomic differences among A. aegypti larvae intoxicated with different doses of Cry11Aa toxin compared to a buffer treatment. Spots with significant differential expression (p

This work centres on the genomic comparisons of two closely-related nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 3841 and Rhizobium etli CFN42. These strains maintain a stable genomic core that is also common to other rhizobia species plus a very variable and significant accessory component. The chromosomes are highly syntenic, whereas plasmids are related by fewer syntenic blocks and have mosaic structures. The pairs of plasmids p42f-pRL12, p42e-pRL11 and p42b-pRL9 as well large parts of p42c with pRL10 are shown to be similar, whereas the symbiotic plasmids (p42d and pRL10) are structurally unrelated and seem to follow distinct evolutionary paths. Even though purifying selection is acting on the whole genome, the accessory component is evolving more rapidly. This component is constituted largely for proteins for transport of diverse metabolites and elements of external origin. The present analysis allows us to conclude that a heterogeneous and quickly diversifying group of plasmids co-exists in a common genomic framework.

El tema central de la investigación es el TIEMPO DE COMPROMISO MOTOR (TCM), definido como el tiempo que el alumno dedica a la realización de actividad física en las clases de Educación Física (EF). Intentamos conocer a través de la utilización de tres sistemas de organización de las tareas y de los alumnos: CIRCUITO, MASIVA-CONSECUTIVA y GRUPOS DE NIVEL, cuál de ellos resultaba ser más efectivo a la hora de aprovechar el tiempo de clase. Además del TCM, se midieron y analizaron otras variables temporales como: TIEMPO DE ATENCIÓN DEL ALUMNO (TA), integrado por: INFORMACIÓN INICIAL GENERAL (IIG), INFORMACIÓN INICIAL DE LA TAREA (IIT) y TIEMPO DE FEEDBACK (FB); y el TIEMPO DE ORGANIZACIÓN (TO), compuesto por: TIEMPO DE ORGANIZACIÓN DEL ALUMNO (TOA) y TIEMPO DE ORGANIZACIÓN DEL MATERIAL (TOM). También, se controlaron otras variables contaminantes como: clima de aula, opinión de los alumnos sobre la EF, actitudes más frecuentes de los alumnos en las clases de EF y evaluación de los alumnos post-clase. A una muestra de 54 alumnos de 2º ESO, se les aplicaron 15 sesiones de EF (5 bajo cada sistema de organización). Todas las actividades que integraban las sesiones se planificaron para ser realizadas bajo formas de ejecución simultáneas, desechando las ejecuciones alternativas y consecutivas. Los resultados mostraron al CIRCUITO y a los GRUPOS DE NIVEL como los dos sistemas más eficaces, ya que obtuvieron los porcentajes más elevados de TCM. A pesar de estos resultados, las diferencias entre el TCM de estos dos sistemas respecto al porcentaje de TCM de la organización MASIVA-CONSECUTIVA, tras el pertinente análisis estadístico, no fueron significativas. Los valores del TCM en los tres casos superaron el 50% del tiempo total de la sesión. La conclusión más importante que se extrae de estos resultados es que, independientemente del sistema de organización que empleemos en nuestras clases de EF, la clave para obtener unos buenos registros de la variable TCM está en la planificación exhaustiva de las sesiones y de todos y cada uno de sus componentes.