1. How surgeons make decisions when the evidence is inconclusive
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Prashanth Ina, Robert R.L. Gray, Gustavo Mantovani Ruggiero, David J. Rowland, Yoram Weil, M. R. de Vries, Renato M. Fricker, Georges Kohut, Antonio Barquet, Karl Josef Prommersberger, Takashi Sasaki, Eckart Schwab, Taco Gosens, Joseph M. Conflitti, David Ring, M. A. Aita, Ladislav Mica, Joseph A. Abboud, Michael Jones, Daniel Hernandez, Gregory L. DeSilva, Hal MccUtchan, Thomas W. Wright, Kendrick E. Lee, Marinis Pirpiris, Ian A. Harris, Marc F. Swiontkowski, Neil Wilson, Norah M. Harvey, Eric P. Hofmeister, Howard D. Routman, Lawrence Weiss, Nicholas L. Shortt, Jorge Rubio, Axel Jubel, John S. Taras, Gustavo Regazzi, Sergio L. Checchia, Jack Choueka, Jorge L. Orbay, Michael A. Baskies, Rolf Norlin, Vispi Jokhi, Todd E. Siff, Ashish S. Ranade, Lisa L. Lattanza, Jeff W. Johnson, Hans J. Kreder, Rozental, Cayón Cayón, Rajat Varma, Paul T. Appleton, Leonid I. Katolik, Asheesh Bedi, Filip Celestyn Dolatowski, Steve Kronlage, Paul M. Guidera, Elisabeth Prelog-Igler, David M. Kalainov, Charles L. Getz, Chunyan Jiang, Porcellini, A. Iossifidis, J Andrew I Trenholm, Frede Frihagen, K. Sprengel, Minos Tyllianakis, Steven J. McCabe, David Weiss, C. Taleb, Andrew P. Gutow, Sebastian Kluge, Jin Young Park, Michael R. Hausman, Paul A. Martineau, Michel P J Van Den Bekerom, W. A H Van Der Stappen, Thomas G. Stackhouse, Thomas Dienstknecht, Babst H. Reto, Jonathan L. Hobby, Iain McGraw, Tony Wanich, Augustus D. Mazzocca, Samir Sodha, J. Biert, Matthias Turina, Ines C. Lin, Daniel Rikli, Fischmeister Martin, Chad Manke, Roman Pfeifer, Lars C. Borris, M. Quell, Fabio Suarez, Daniel B. Whelan, John P. Evans, Michael Nancollas, Marco Rizzo, Lawrence S. Halperin, Carl Ekholm, David E. Tate, Steven J. Morgan, Betsy M. Nolan, F. J. Seibert, W. Arnnold Batson, Richard Barth, Brent Bamberger, A. B. Spoor, Seth D. Dodds, Jeffrey A. Greenberg, Victoria D. Knoll, Wade R. Smith, Michael D. McKee, Rolf W. Peters, Christopher J. Walsh, Jochen Fischer, Martin I. Boyer, Raymond Malcolm Smith, P. V. van Eerten, Philipp N. Streubel, Thomas B. Hughes, Milind Merchant, Peter J. L. Jebson, Bret C. Peterson, Theodoros H. Tosounidis, Luke S. Austin, David L. Nelson, M. R. Krijnen, K.J. Ponsen, Chris Wilson, Gladys Cecilia Zambrano Caro, Daniel B. Polatsch, Matthew D. Budge, Reza Omid, Louis W. Catalano, Emil H. Schemitsch, Roy G. LiemKulick, Richard S. Page, Michael W. Kessler, Donald Endrizzi, Anna N. Miller, Jorge G. Boretto, Peter Kloen, J. Michael Wiater, Fidel Ernesto, German Ricardo Hernandez, Leon S. Benson, Peter J. Evans, John Howlett, Verhofstad, Michael J. Behrman, A. L. Van Der Zwan, Ryan P. Calfee, Robert D. Zura, Leon Elmans, Anica Eschler, D. Kaplan, Richard S. Gilbert, F. Thomas, Johannes M. Rueger, Eon K. Shin, Sam Moghtaderi, Julie E. Adams, Jaimo Ahn, D. F. P. van Deurzen, Ralf Nyszkiewicz, W. Jaap Willems, Huub Van Der Heide, Aida Garcia, L.M.S.J. Poelhekke, Philip E. Blazar, Daniel C. Wascher, Luis Antonio Buendia, S. Prashanth, Peter Krause, Maarten W.G.A. Bronkhorst, Noah D. Weiss, Kyle J. Jeray, Ronald Liem, Andrew L. Terrono, Niels W. L. Schep, Sander Sprujt, Ryan Klinefelter, Robert Haverlag, Steven Beldner, Nikolaos G. Lasanianos, Ramon De Bedout, Rudolf W. Poolman, I. J.V. Kleinlugtenbelt, Alexander Marcus, Greg Merrell, Naquira Escobar Luis Felipe, Kimberlly S. Chhor, Jeffrey Yao, Lob Guenter, Parag Melvanki, Arie B. van Vugt, Francisco Lopez-Gonzalez, Craig Lomita, Saul Kaplan, Matt Mormino, Theresa O Wyrick, Gregory J. Della Rocca, C. Noel Henley, Edgardo Ramos Maza, Christopher B. Wall, Fred Baumgaertel, Roger P. van Riet, Sebastian Rodriguez-Elizalde, Stuart M. Hilliard, George S. Athwal, Peter V. Giannoudis, Angela A. Wang, Tamir Pritsch, John A. McAuliffe, Robert J. Feibel, Timothy Omara, Paul Levin, Jonathan Rosenfeld, Michael J. Prayson, Mark E. Baratz, R. Bryan Benafield, Christian Perrotto, George L. Thomas, Punita V. Solanki, George M. Kontakis, Robert Wagenmakers, Charles A. Goldfarb, Andrew H. Schmidt, Abhay Shrivastava, Mark D. Lazarus, Frederico C M Vallim, L. Marsh, Keith A. Segalman, H. Goost, Peter R. Brink, Michael W. Grafe, Jonathan P. Braman, April D. Armstrong, Charles Cornell, Thomas A. DeCoster, Daphne M. Beingessner, Neal C. Chen, Charalampos Zalavras, M. A J Van De Sande, Jennifer L. Giuffre, Thuan V. Ly, Georg M. Huemer, Vani J. Sabesan, Rodrigo Pesantez, Kevin Eng, A. Lee Osterman, Darren S. Drosdowech, Michael Moskal, B. Van Den, Nigel Rossiter, Michael Baumgaertner, Christian Heiss, James F. Kellam, P. C. Fuchs, Matej Kastelec, David J. Hak, Karel Chivers, Amy L. Ladd, Reid A. Abrams, Bob Arciero, Russell Shatford, Toni M. McLaurin, George S.M. Dyer, Ralph M. Costanzo, Frank L. Walter, Craig M. Torosian, Koroush Kabir, Timothy G. Havenhill, Brian L. Badman, Joachim P. Overbeck, Charles Metzger, Vishwanath M. Iyer, Annette K B Wikerøy, Carlos Henrique Fernandes, Jay Pomerance, Patrick T. McCulloch, Megan M. Wood, Richard Jenkinson, Brian J. Cross, Christos Garnavos, Marcus Lehnhardt, Ashok K. Shyam, Michael LeCroy, Abhijeet L. Wahegaonkar, Carrie R. Swigart, Lisa Taitsman, Vasileios S. Nikolaou, Gerald R. Williams, J. H. Peters, Sergio Rowinski, William Dias Belangero, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Jeremy A. Hall, Charles Cassidy, Mahmoud I. Abdel-Ghany, Michiel G.J.S. Hageman, M. Jason Palmer, Joseph P A M Vroemen, Frank J. P. Beeres, Alberto Pérez Castillo, Gustavo Borges Laurindo De Azevedo, Martin Richardson, Wolfgang Baer, Shep Hurwit, J. V. Clarke, Robert Tashijan, Scott F. M. Duncan, Thierry G. Guitton, Steven J. Rhemrev, J. Wolkenfelt, Richard Wallensten, Neil Saran, Brett D. Crist, J. Carel Goslings, Qiugen Wang, Francisco Javier Aguilar Sierra, Leonardo Alves De Mendonca, Paula M. Hasenboehler, Sanjeev Kakar, Grant E. Garrigues, Leonardo Rocha, Joel Murachovsky, Vidyadhar Telang, Edward J. Harvey, Richard Buckley, Jose A. Ortiz, Schandelmaier, Edward K. Rodriguez, Konul Erol, H. J. Helling, Nikolaos K. Kanakaris, Jeffry T. Watson, Desirae M. McKee, Graduate School, Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, AMS - Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Surgery, Other Research, and Other departments
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Decision Making ,Alternative medicine ,Likert scale ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Somewhat Important ,Reimbursement ,Social influence ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,business.industry ,Mentors ,Perspective (graphical) ,Evidence-based medicine ,Hand ,Surgery ,Orthopedics ,Family medicine ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Female ,Clinical Competence ,business ,Null hypothesis - Abstract
Purpose To address the factors that surgeons use to decide between 2 options for treatment when the evidence is inconclusive. Methods We tested the null hypothesis that the factors surgeons use do not vary by training, demographics, and practice. A total of 337 surgeons rated the importance of 7 factors when deciding between treatment and following the natural history of the disease and 12 factors when deciding between 2 operative treatments using a 5-point Likert scale between "very important" and "very unimportant." Results According to the percentages of statements rated very important or somewhat important, the most popular factors influencing recommendations when evidence is inconclusive between treatment and following the natural course of the illness were "works in my hands," "familiarity with the treatment," and "what my mentor taught me." The most important factors when evidence shows no difference between 2 surgeries were "fewer complications," "quicker recovery," "burns fewer bridges," "works in my hands" and "familiarity with the procedure." Europeans rated "works in my hands" and "cheapest/most resourceful" of significantly greater importance and "what others are doing," "highest reimbursement," and "shorter procedure" of significantly lower importance than surgeons in the United States. Observers with fewer than 10 years in independent practice rated "what my mentor taught me," "what others are doing" and "highest reimbursement" of significantly lower importance compared to observers with 10 or more years in independent practice. Conclusions Surgeons deciding between 2 treatment options, when the evidence is inconclusive, fall back to factors that relate to their perspective and reflect their culture and circumstances, more so than factors related to the patient's perspective, although this may be different for younger surgeons. Clinical relevance Hand surgeons might benefit from consensus fallback preferences when evidence is inconclusive. It is possible that falling back to personal comfort makes us vulnerable to unhelpful commercial and societal influences.
- Published
- 2013