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[EN] The control of the shape of ribbed vaults through the layout of their ribs was a strategy that made their expansion and development possible. There is up-to-date and rigorous research on the graphic resources developed by stonemasons for the carving and construction of this system, which reached great sophistication in the late Gothic, but less is known about the geometric strategies followed by the master builders who designed brick ribbed vaults; it is this question that this research aims to explore through the graphic analysis of four case studies built in the Kingdom of Aragon in the medieval period., [ES] El control de la forma de las bóvedas de crucería a través de la traza de sus nervios fue una estrategia que posibilitó su expansión y desarrollo. Existen actualizadas y rigurosas investigaciones sobre los recursos gráficos que los canteros desarrollaron para la labra y construcción de este sistema, que llegaría a alcanzar una gran sofisticación en el tardogótico, pero hay un mayor desconocimiento de las estrategias geométricas que siguieron los maestros de obras que diseñaron bóvedas con nervios de ladrillo; es en este campo donde quiere profundizar esta investigación a través del análisis gráfico de cuatro casos de estudio construidos en el Reino de Aragón durante época medieval.

Los avances tecnológicos que se han venido produciendo gracias al desarrollo de las herramientas de captura y procesado de datos referentes al patrimonio arquitectónico han modificado la metodología de trabajo. La incorporación de modelos tridimensionales complejos en los Sistemas de Información, favorece el procesamiento y análisis de los datos en un soporte común que facilita la accesibilidad y consulta, así como la adopción de decisiones relacionadas con el modelo. Se han analizado las distintas tecnologías y metodologías que permiten administrar la información en un mismo modelo como el HBIM (Historic Building Information Modelling), la tecnología WebGL o los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), con el fin de establecer las posibilidades que cada una de ellas aportan a la documentación gráfica del patrimonio como medio para preservar sus valores culturales. La evaluación ha permitido establecer sus necesidades esenciales de interoperabilidad y accesibilidad mediante el empleo de la estandarización y normalización.

One of the main problems of the inventory of architectural heritage is managing and storing large amounts of information in different formats, in addition to the need to organize and manage the information generated by collaborative work between the different technicians who participate in the documentation process. The solution involves the development of a model capable of incorporating information on a layered support and allowing analysis and management, as well as interoperability between tools and other systems throughout the entire life cycle of the building. To carry out this work, two methodologies have been selected to verify their effectiveness in the field of architectural heritage inventory, covering the specific needs of generating a complete graphic database of the building. The Arches platform, a free open source software developed to carry out inventories, has been chosen for its interoperability, specificity and all the characteristics and functions described above. In turn, a WebGIS has been developed using free software standards and technology, to examine the possibilities it offers in relation to specific inventory programs. As a result, the creation of an Information System of the Mudejar Architectural Heritage of Aragón has been proposed, with the purpose of integrating under a common support, all the documentation and graphic information available on the heritage asset. The research limitations are the creation of a geo-referenced database, with geometric information on each building, which addresses the cataloguing of more than 200 assets, due to the uniqueness of this architectural style. The information is stored complying with the documentation standards to ensure interoperability and accessibility to the data.

The concern for the conservation of the architectural and urban heritage of the twentieth century is relatively recent, and it presents important singularities that make it necessary to establish new valid criteria. The importance and uniqueness of the Primer Ensanche of Teruel, included within the delimitation of the Historical Site, declared as place of Cultural Interest in 2010, necessitated a detailed study that allowed to elaborate a Special Protection Plan that preserves its historical image, with sufficient rigor. One of the essential questions for its correct conservation is the knowledge of the constructive characteristics of the buildings that form it, which has been possible thanks to the documentary study of the projects, and which has revealed the innovations of some of its constructions, but, above all, certain inertia in the evolution of the way to build the “minor heritage”, which characterizes the landscape of the city. © 2021. CSIC. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).

Graphic documentation is the first conscious step towards the conservation of architectural heritage, and thus it is particularly important to be extremely thorough and accurate in this research, although we could establish a performance protocol for every building or site of interest, since their inherent characteristics, geometry, materials, etc. require adaptation and survey, making each a unique case.

BIM (“Building Information Modeling”), is a digital information exchange methodology, widely implemented in engineering, architecture and construction worldwide.

The preservation of the monumental and historical heritage is connected to the building of a knowledge system that allows to collect, compare, update and share survey data and all the available documentation. The instruments of computational nature actually used, such as the Building Information Models, based on relational databases, enable a virtual reconstruction of buildings and contain information which complete the graphic representation. The predictiveness of a BIM model applied to new buildings, turns into documentation and a rebuilding of the existing assets of the Heritage BIM, also allowing the gathering and the collation of information about culture and history. The HBIM approach was applied to the Aragonese Castle of Taranto (South of Italy), so as to build an architectural information system based on a BIM model, which is interactive and navigable through web-based platforms and connects the digital alphanumeric objects to documents of various formats.

[ES] El levante español y el sur de Italia volvieron a compartir una relación política a partir del siglo XIII tras la mantenida durante siglos dentro del Imperio Romano. Las tradiciones y técnicas constructivas compartidas, así como los condicionantes climáticos y geográficos conformaron un modelo de actuación sobre las fortalezas rurales y urbanas surgidas de las invasiones normanda y musulmana. En esta comunicación se estudian varios ejemplos, tanto españoles como italianos, que confirman un planteamiento similar en las intervenciones de ampliación y mejora de estos castillos y torres para su adecuación a las necesidades del momento o su transformación en residencias nobiliarias o reales., [EN] The Spanish East and southern Italy recovered their political relationship from the 13th century onwards after the one they maintained for centuries within the Roman Empire. Shared constructive traditions and techniques, as well as climate and geographical conditions gave shape to a way of transforming the rural and urban fortresses arising from the Norman and Islamic invasions. This paper explores several examples, both Spanish and Italian, which confirm a similar approach in the interventions of expansion and improvement of these castles and towers for their adaptation to the needs of the time or the transformation into noble or royal residences.

A mediados del siglo XIV, entre 1356 y 1369, durante la llamada “Guerra de los dos Pedros”, en una serie de enclaves fronterizos, se construyeron pequeñas iglesias, como la Iglesia de Santa María en Tobed, la de San Martin en Morata de Jiloca y la de San Félix en Torralba de Ribota, estas iglesias formarán parte de una tipología nueva, denominada Iglesias fortaleza, “denominación que han recibido en atención al fuerte carácter militar que ofrecen sus compactos volúmenes exteriores, ritmados por torres-contrafuerte” [Borrás Gualis 2006]. El objetivo de la investigación es la caracterización formal y geométrica de una tipología arquitectónica de gran interés patrimonial, se procederá a la reconstrucción virtual, mediante la combinación de técnicas fotogramétricas y de escaneado laser, permite obtener un levantamiento preciso, sobre el que realizar análisis gráficos con la rigurosidad requerida, obteniendo los trazados reguladores empleados para el diseño arquitectónico del edificio. La precisión obtenida, es de gran interés para caracterizar la forma, en especial la curvatura de los arcos, plementos, así como de otros elementos no rectilíneos. Se ha realizado, con el fin de generar una base de datos comparables.

El texto describe la recreación virtual 3D de la ciudad islámica de Saraqustä (actual Zaragoza). Para su realización se han tomado como referencia los vestigios existentes, las hipótesis de diversos autores especializados y los modelos contemporáneos de otras ciudades. Las fases de trabajo incluyen un delineado completo en planta, un modelado 3D con la ayuda de herramientas paramétricas y un trabajo final de ambientación y renderizado. Entre los elementos a destacar se encuentran el trazado de la muralla islámica, el palacio de la Aljafería, la mezquita aljama, otras mezquitas menores y alminares y algunos edificios civiles. El trabajo establece una posible metodología para abordar la reconstrucción de ciudades históricas cuando existe una escasa documentación gráfica, y debe recurrirse a modelos comparativos e hipótesis científicamente fundamentadas.

This article studies the influence of cubism and purism on Le Corbusier’s architectural work, not only in the 1920s, but throughout his career. He applied the colour theories that were being used in these movements to architecture, initially in order to deform space, by means of the ideas of colour held by artists such as Leger. He was finally able to achieve space through colour, without the need to define space through materialisation in order to delimit it, as was typically the case. This new idea of space brought about a change in the traditional concept of space, which we call pure space, as a clear reference to purism, an expression used by Rainer Maria Rilke in the Duino Elegies , published in 1922, when Le Corbusier was involved in purism. This concept will be studied through the east light tower of the chapel of Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp , partially painted in vermilion, and in its west-facing twin, painted in white. Keywords: Notre Dame du Haut Ronchamp , purism, light tower.

El marcado carácter militar de la fundación cristiana de Teruel se materializó en el aspecto inexpugnable del asentamiento, ubicado en lo alto de una muela y provisto de un complejo sistema defensivo. Sin embargo, la formación y transformación de este sistema no fue un hecho exclusivo de la Edad Media, sino que se trata de un proceso continuo que duró hasta el mismo siglo XIX. El presente artículo pretende recuperar el paisaje urbano fortificado de este último periodo, ya que, como consecuencia del convulso siglo XIX, la ciudad se transformó, adaptándose para su defensa, con un complejo sistema, que en su mayor parte no sobreviviría a su propia centuria, y del que quedan contados vestigios. El análisis de estos, así como de diversos documentos, entre los que se encuentran grabados, algunas de las primeras fotografías de la ciudad o cartografías históricas, han permitido recomponer una imagen que parece haber caído en el olvido. The strong military character of the Christian foundation of Teruel was materialized in the impregnable aspect of the settlement, located at the top of a plateau and with a complex defensive system. However, the development of the defensive system didn’t take place exclusively during the Middle Ages; rather, it was an ongoing process that even continued until the nineteenth century. This research seeks to recover the fortified urban landscape of this last period. A period that, due to a tumultuous nineteenth century, saw the city transform and adapt for its own defence with a complex system, that hardly survived its own century and of which there are just a few vestiges nowadays. The analysis of these, as well as of several documents, such as some of the first photos of the city, engravings or historical mapping, has made it possible to rebuild a forgotten image.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio consiste en probar la aplicabilidad de una metodología gráfica de análisis de intervenciones urbanas, mediante la evaluación de un caso de estudio: la rehabilitación del Poblado Dirigido de Caño Roto (construido en 1957-1963 y rehabilitado en 1994-2004). Metodología: El método permite sintetizar de una manera gráfica todos los aspectos que definen el estado de conjuntos de vivienda protegida y la intervención en ellos para conseguir su regeneración urbana. Lo realiza mediante la elaboración de un diagnóstico, para extraer los factores de oportunidad y amenaza iniciales, y de una evaluación del proceso y de sus efectos, para destacar sus factores de éxito y fracaso. Conclusiones: Su aplicación al caso de estudio muestra la capacidad del método para definir sus aspectos más relevantes. Destacan como factores de éxito el propio proceso de intervención y aquellos derivados de los criterios constructivos, y como carencias más destacadas, aquellas relativas a la integración y complejidad urbana del conjunto, y a sus criterios tipológicos y patrimoniales. Originalidad: Al mostrar errores y aciertos de los modelos implantados, este tipo de evaluación da las claves para optimizarlos, por lo que es aplicable en la planificación de nuevas intervenciones como instrumento prospectivo capaz de establecer criterios técnicos en la toma de decisiones. Objectiu: L'objectiu d'aquest estudi consisteix a provar l'aplicabilitat d'una metodologia gràfica d'anàlisi d'intervencions urbanes, mitjançant l'avaluació d'un cas d'estudi: la rehabilitació del Poblat Dirigit de Canyo Roto (construït el 1957-1963 i rehabilitat en 1994-2004). Metodologia: El mètode permet sintetitzar d'una manera gràfica tots els aspectes que defineixen l'estat de conjunts d'habitatge protegit i la intervenció en ells per aconseguir la seva regeneració urbana. El realitza mitjançant l'elaboració d'un diagnòstic, per extreure els factors d'oportunitat i amenaça inicials, i d'una avaluació del procés i dels seus efectes, per destacar els seus factors d'èxit i fracàs. Conclusions: La seva aplicació al cas d'estudi mostra la capacitat del mètode per definir els seus aspectes més rellevants. Destaquen com a factors d'èxit el propi procés d'intervenció i aquells derivats dels criteris constructius, i com mancances més destacades, aquelles relatives a la integració i complexitat urbana del conjunt, i als seus criteris tipològics i patrimonials. Originalitat: En mostrar errors i encerts dels models implantats, aquest tipus d'avaluació dóna les claus per optimitzar-los, pel que és aplicable en la planificació de noves intervencions com a instrument prospectiu capaç d'establir criteris tècnics en la presa de decisions. Objective: The objective of this study is to test the applicability of a graphical assessment methodology of urban interventions, through the evaluation of a case study: the rehabilitation of Caño Roto protected estate (built in 1957-1963 and rehabilitated in 1994-2004). Methodology: The method allows to synthesize graphically all the points that define the state of protected housing neighbourhoods and the interventions in order to achieve their urban regeneration. It is carried out by drawing up a diagnosis, to extract the initial opportunity and threat factors, and an evaluation of the process, to highlight its success and failure factors. Conclusions: Its application to the case study shows the competence of the method to define its most relevant aspects. The intervention process itself and the issues related to the constructive criteria stand out as success factors. Issues related to the estate integration, its urban complexity, and its typological and patrimonial criteria are reflected as the most important shortcomings. Originality: By showing errors and successes of the developed operations, this type of evaluation gives the keys to optimize them, so it can be applied in the planning of new interventions as a prospective instrument capable of establishing technical criteria in decision making.

At the University of Zaragoza we have taught, for six years now, a subject on BIM called EGA 5. Despite the good results obtained so far, we believe in continuous improvement and thus this communication is based on the analysis of other international teaching experiences made with BIM. Among other things, we found that successful experiences are based on collaboration at various levels, and that the teaching of BIM should be started at the beginning of architectural education. Translating this analysis to our case, we have outlined possible strategies to apply in the future.

[ES] Los diversos estudios sobre la evolución urbana de Teruel han profundizado especialmente en dos momentos clave para entender la morfología de su centro histórico: el periodo fundacional en la Edad Media, y la devastación y posterior reconstrucción sufrida por la ciudad como consecuencia de la guerra civil española ya en el siglo XX. El presente artículo pretende revalorizar una etapa crucial para la evolución del espacio público turolense, como fue la Edad Moderna, mediante el estudio de las diversas fuentes históricas existentes: escritas, gráficas y arqueológicas, que además ha permitido la restitución de la cartografía historiográfica, constatando la importancia de la trasformación formal y conceptual sufrida por el espacio público, que rompe el estrecho cerco de las murallas medievales, abriéndose a nuevos horizontes. Procesos formativos que hay que conocer para entender el pasado, el presente y el futuro de nuestras ciudades., [EN] Academic literature on Teruel urban development has mainly focused on two periods when analysing the city's historic centre morphology: the foundational Middle Ages and the reconstruction following the Spanish Civil War - well into the twentieth century. This article underlines the Early Modern era as a crucial period in the development of Teruel public space. I use written, graphic and archaeological sources to restore the historiographical mapping of the city. The article demonstrates the significant formal and conceptual transformation that Teruel public space underwent in that period, as the city went beyond the constricted limits of the medieval walls opening new horizons. These are key formative processes necessary to gain a proper understanding of the past, the present and the future of our cities.

RESUMEN Los ultimos anos nos han dejado numerosos ejemplos de trabajos artisticos consistentes en modelos de edificios a escala reducida, un ejemplo mas del prolifico dialogo entre arte y arquitectura. En este articulo se analiza lo especifico de estos trabajos por su escala reducida y, a partir de varios ejemplos,se plantean cuatro tendencias presentes en el arte contemporaneo, sintomaticas de una emancipacion de las formas e ideas de la modernidad: su caracter narrativo, el retorno de la figuracion, el gusto por lo artesanal y una actitud posindividualista. Se describe como estas tendencias estan tambien presentes, con algunas diferencias, en la arquitectura contemporanea, por lo que puede hablarse de rasgos comunes a ambas disciplinas y de una retroalimentacion bidireccional.Desde el punto de vista del arquitecto, estas obras artisticas amplian el potencial expresivo de la maqueta arquitectonica y le permiten replantearse su papel, teniendo en cuenta consideraciones mas alla del diseno formal, tales como la percepcion emocional, la percepcion simbolica, etc. SUMMARY In recent years we have seen numerous examples of artwork consisting of small-scale models of buildings, another example of the close relationship between art and architecture. This article analyses the specifics of these pieces of work through their reduced scale using several examples to do so, addressing four trends that are currently present in contemporary art, symptomatic of an emancipation away from forms and ideas of modernity: their narrative character, the return to figuration, a taste for craft and a post-individualist attitude. We describe how these trends are also present in contemporary architecture, albeit with some differences, therefore enabling us to talk about features that are common to both disciplines and two-way feedback. From the point of view of architects these pieces of artwork amplify the expressive potential of architectural modelling and permit redefining their role, taking into account considerations that go beyond formal design, such as emotion perception, symbolic perception, etc.

[EN] A change took place in stained glass window design in the late thirteenth century. The role of stained glass windows evolved between the twelfth century and late thirteenth century, from one of retaining light, as an integral part of a wall, to one of transmitting light, in the form of an architectural opening. However, this shift was relatively unappreciated in the context of cathedral spaces, given that it was overshadowed by the other architectural transformations that were taking place at the time. The aim of this work is to study this change in concept, taking the cathedral of León, Spain, as an example, [ES] A finales del siglo XIII se produjo un cambio en la concepción de los vitrales. De las vidrieras del siglo XII entendidas como retenedoras de luz, es decir cómo superficie mural, se evolucionó a las vidrieras de finales del XIII, entendidas como trasmisoras de luz, es decir como huecos arquitectónicos. Pero este cambio apenas sí se aprecia en el espacio de las catedrales, ya que es atenuado por otras transformaciones de índole arquitectónico. En este artículo vamos a estudiarlo tomando como ejemplo la Catedral de León.

[EN] he concern for the conservation of historical cities has been a recurring theme throughout recent history, and in view of the changing theories, there is one approach that is considered irrefutable: the need to preserve the memory of the city, its past, our heritage, through knowledge, so that it can become part of our collective knowledge and thereby endure over time. In this context, studies on the evolution of urban morphology are established as essential, where graphic expression, and especially mapping, must be presented as a source and means of dissemination of data.This paper addresses the methodological process that has been proposed for analysing and developing urban historiographical mapping, as a fundamental phase in studies on the evolution of urban form, being applied to the city of Teruel. Thanks to this process, the importance of following a rigorous graphic process to assess the accuracy of the documentation is found, which has become possible through the use of Geographic Information Systems, [ES] La preocupación por la conservación de las ciudades históricas es un tema recurrente a lo largo de la historia reciente, y, frente a las cambiantes teorías un planteamiento se presenta como irrefutable: la necesidad de conservar la memoria de la ciudad, su pasado, nuestro patrimonio, a través del conocimiento, para que forme parte del saber colectivo y, con ello, perdure en el tiempo. En este contexto se establecen como imprescindibles los estudios sobre la evolución de la morfología urbana.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo establecer un marco metodológico válido para el análisis y elaboración de cartografías historiográficas urbanas, como fase fundamental en los estudios sobre la evolución de la forma urbana, mediante su aplicación al caso de la ciudad de Teruel. Gracias a ello, se ha constatado la importancia de seguir un riguroso proceso gráfico con el que poder evaluar la precisión de la documentación utilizada, posible gracias al empleo de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica.

[ES] Una de las metodologías más usadas hoy en día para el levantamiento arquitectónico, es la fotogrametría. La combinación de la fotogrametría terrestre con la aérea de baja altura es el procedimiento idóneo para la obtención de la documentación geométrica global de cualquier edificio ya que recoge la información de puntos ocultos o inaccesibles. El UAV o drone es el dispositivo que actualmente más se usa para la captura de fotografías aéreas. En el presente artículo se ha utilizado el ejemplo de la Iglesia de San Miguel de Ágreda para establecer una metodología en la captura de datos y posterior tratamiento para la obtención del modelo tridimensional texturizado., [EN] Nowadays, one of the most used methods for the architectural survey is photogrammetry. The combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry of low altitude is the ideal method for obtaining global geometric documentation of any building, as it collects information about concealed or inaccessible points. The UAV or drone is the device currently most used to capture aerial photographs. We used the example of the Church of San Miguel in Agreda to establish a methodology for data collection and the process for obtaining a textured three-dimensional model.

The sixteenth-century convent of Santa Maria della Sanità in Napoli, designed by the Dominican friar Giuseppe Nuvolo (1570-1643) and documented in the plan of the early eighteenth century by the friar Angelico Majorino, is the object of study. The convent, built on Capodimonte’s hill tuff bank stone, consti-tutes a singular spatial integration between artifact and nature since the conven-tual environments were designed based on the orography and often dug out of the tuff. The convent was partially destroyed during the French decade for the con-struction of the Sanità bridge (1806-09), which involved the demolition of the upper cloister and the adjoining rooms as well as tampering with the ovate-shaped lower cloister. The research was developed on the basis of previous studies by Alfredo Buc-caro, for the systematic collection of sources on the Sanità district (1991), and Ornella Zerlenga, for the first research on the original structure of the convent of Santa Maria della Sanità (1991) and, subsequently, the geometric tracing of the ovate cloister (1992). Through the architectural survey carried out in the years 2018-19 the location, the articulation and the connections of the different rooms were investigated based on the orographic configuration. The original architectural configuration was restored through digital modeling and visualization. The research have today the survey of the convent of Santa Maria della Sanità and the representation of the original context.

Le case da tè giapponesi sono architetture relativamente piccole che basano il processo di costruzione su parametri definiti in linea con la filosofia buddista zen. Infatti, solamente quando tutti i componenti della struttura sono stati messi a posto la tradizionale cerimonia del tè può avere inizio. Lo spazio architettonico interno assume quindi un ruolo fondamentale, che deve essere immediatamente chiaro e leggibile in fase di progettazione. Lo spazio architettonico interno è solitamente documentato attraverso i metodi di rappresentazione quali le proiezioni ortogonali, cioè piante, prospetti e sezioni o con modelli assonometrici o prospettici. Queste tecniche rappresentano però lo spazio interno in un modo astratto. In Giappone, per ben rappresentare l’interiorità dello spazio architettonico delle case da tè sono nati gli Okoshi-ezu, disegni piegati capaci di diventare tridimensionali che offrono una modalità diversa di rappresentazione, duplice e chiara, sintetica e densa che permette un viaggio nella creatività riflettente del tempo e dello spazio. Las casas de té japonesas son arquitecturas relativamente pequeñas que basan el proceso de construcción en parámetros definidos de acuerdo con la filosofía budista zen. De hecho, solo cuando se hayan establecido todas las partes de la estructura, puede comenzar la tradicional ceremonia del té. Por lo tanto, el espacio arquitectónico interno adquiere un papel fundamental, que debe ser inmediatamente claro y legible en la etapa de diseño. El espacio arquitectónico interno generalmente se documenta a través de métodos de representación tales como proyecciones ortogonales, es decir, planos, elevaciones y secciones o con modelos axonométricos o en perspectiva (Evans, 1995). Sin embargo, estas técnicas representan el espacio interior de manera abstracta. En Japón, nacieron los Okoshi-ezu para representar la interioridad del esacio arquitectónico de las casas de té; esos son dibujos plegados capaces de convertirse en tridimensionales, ofreciendo una forma diferente de representación, doble y clara, sintética y densa que permite un viaje hacia la creatividad reflejando tiempo y espacio.

This paper proposes a reflection on spontaneous architecture, a theme dealt with in detail by Bernard Rudofsky, who in the exhibition “Architecture without architects” is critical of the author’s architecture that places more emphasis on the creator at the expense of collective logics that have formed the basis of architectural thought. Considering that the evolution of building has not been shaped by architects, but by certain social, political and economic contexts, means reading the history of architecture not on the basis of a scientific production carried out in individual graphic elaborations, but by communitarian reflections and awareness. In this sense, architecture is free from aprioristic thought, and not constrained by a tension that starts from the final form, but generated by the constructive process that progressively occupies the space defining a place. Two fundamental questions are connected to the mediation of design in the project conception (and its possible lack): the first concerns the authorship of the work that is the need -found by Vasari for the first time- to identify an architect and his cultural context in order to attribute meaning and value to a building. The second theme, on the other hand, is closely linked to the constructive reasons and processes that generate a type of participatory architecture, sometimes without overall planning and graphic design representation. This is the case of earthen architecture, its evolutions and the approach to this technique in the contemporary culture.

This research work shows recognition, territorial mapping, geometric systematization and computational generative modeling of Neapolitan domes (Naples, Italy) characterized by decorative apparatuses on intrados (coffers) and extrados (tiles) surfaces.

On one hand, it seems hypothesized that the conventions of technical drawing are characteristics of the disciplinary development associated with the great Hellenistic treaties and writers. On the other hand, we know that the complexity and maturity of constructions, even in ancient Egypt, required, as witnessed by some papyruses, the ability to communicate technical information. Therefore, seems appropriate to analyse the translation of rules and conventions in the drawing that represents them. We focus on the fresco of an Egyptian palace from the 2nd millennium BC found inside the tomb of Djenhutinefer, in Thebes. This drawing is of particular importance as it has a great level of detail and precision, given that sections, in contrast to the very detailed elevations and constructive plans in the history of drawing, have generally played a secondary role and almost exclusively for the indication of heights. The three-dimensional reconstruction and virtualization of the model will be based on iconographic and documentary sources, which are useful for methodologically motivating the critical interpretation. The resulting cultural importance will make the virtual use of the model a useful experience for the dissemination and knowledge of the inherited heritage.

The present work is part of a line of research that wants to define procedures for the digitization and management of the existing building her- itage; such procedures must be valid for both modern and historical construc- tions. This article aims to present the preliminary results of the studies conducted on an existing historical-cultural building, of which the digital model must be reconstructed. In detail, after a brief analysis of the complex, we focused on the acquiring and processing procedures of the necessary data for the reconstruction of the BIM model. The survey phase involved two different moments: the first one was characterized by the exploratory activities required for the second one, in which Lidar and UAV systems were used to fully define the geometry of a part of the complex. The study shows also some problems encountered during data processing and the related solutions found: these data, indeed, had to be manageable and functional for the reconstruction of a BIM model, which could be included in a tender notice.