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The Dutch central final examination requires students to show their comprehension of a Latin source text by translating it into Dutch. However, students struggle, as is demonstrated by the incoherent target texts they produce when they are translating Latin. The research question this dissertation addresses is how to improve the coherence of these target texts. Four problems are identified related to translating Latin in Dutch upper secondary education, 1. The translation assignment, 2. The absence of defined learning activities for producing a coherent target text, 3. The absence of shared knowledge for teaching Latin translation, 4. The insufficiency of the rating method to assess target-text coherence. To address these problems, this dissertation presents a process-oriented translation strategy, aimed at the production of a target text that is understandable for a person unfamiliar with the source text. This strategy can be most effectively taught by an adaptation of the instruction method developed by Graham and Harris (1996, 2002). Target-text coherence is reliably assessed by comparison in pairs. The effects of the process-oriented translation strategy are tested by an experiment consisting of two competing experimental conditions: 1. A process condition, focusing on the process-oriented translation strategy, 2. A product condition, focusing on error analysis. The results show that after an intervention of four lessons, participants in both conditions significantly improve target–text coherence as well as ST-TT equivalence. This dissertation establishes that the process-oriented translation strategy offers a new and effective approach to teaching translation.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a global public health crisis. Multiple observations indicate poorer post-infection outcomes for patients with cancer than for the general population. Herein, we highlight the challenges in caring for patients with acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We summarise key changes related to service allocation, clinical and supportive care, clinical trial participation, and ethical considerations regarding the use of lifesaving measures for these patients. We recognise that these recommendations might be more applicable to high-income countries and might not be generalisable because of regional differences in health-care infrastructure, individual circumstances, and a complex and highly fluid health-care environment. Despite these limitations, we aim to provide a general framework for the care of patients with acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms during the COVID-19 pandemic on the basis of recommendations from international experts.

Students in Dutch Grammar Schools hardly ever achieve the ultimate goal of translating Latin texts: to produce a coherent text that can be read and understood without the aid of the source text. Translating a Latin source text into a coherent Dutch target text is considered a valuable exercise in text comprehension and proficiency in Latin. The rating of the Dutch target text is done by means of an analytic model ("colon-rating") focusing on the linguistic equivalence on clause level of source text and target text. Text cohesion of the target text is not evaluated. In this article I describe my experiment with a rating method that was originally developed and tested in Dutch written composition classes: text scale rating with one or more anchor texts as frame of reference. I conducted a small experiment and tested my results in a workshop at the VCN Nazomerconferentie 2015. The scale rating with an anchor text proves to be a useful tool to assess text cohesion in a target text.

Dutch students in secondary schools hardly ever achieve the ultimate goal of translating Latin texts: to produce a cohesive text that can be read and understood without the aid of the Latin original. Translation Studies may offer thoughts and tools that teachers can use to improve the quality of translating as a classroom activity. This article argues that translating a Latin text into a cohesive Dutch text is a valuable exercise in itself. However, to meet the ultimate goal of translating, the position of ‘translating’ in the Dutch curriculum should be re-evaluated.

28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3656-3659, During an analysis of high temporal resolution measurement data of several locations in Europe irradiation peaks above 1000 W/m² were recognized. These Irradiance Enhancements (IE) effect all types of PV systems, as parts of the system can operate under IE whereas other parts are at the same time clouded. These effects are especially interesting for larger PV plants and for studies on grid integration with several PV systems. The spatial aspects of IE can be modelled with a three-dimensional irradiance-interpolation-method: 3D-Solar Irradiance Modelling (3D-SIM). For its implementation a temporally and spatially high resolved measurement grid of irradiance sensors is necessary, as it generates an irradiation map from these sensors. 3D-SIM is a modification of a former method named the Cloud- Velocity-Vector (CVV) Analysis which determined the cloud movement by following the irradiation minima across the sensor plane. This paper focuses on the optimization of this method by substituting the CVV through the more accurate satellite-derived Cloud-Motion-Vector (CMV). Consequently, the computation time of the three-dimensional irradiance field is much lower. Furthermore, the method has been simplified and is now easier to automate. As a result of the 3DSIM application for a representative location in Central Europe a 3D-irradiance-grid for a whole year is accessible.

Among the factors which enable successful bone marrow transplantation, the ability to store and subsequently recover sufficient viable marrow cells to reestablish hematopoiesis is crucial. In most centers, marrow is typically prepared for long term storage by programmed, controlled rate freezing with subsequent placement into the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. Though clearly effective, this procedure is time consuming and equipment intensive. Since cost containment is an important issue for all medical procedures, we evaluated the utility of a faster and less costly method to accomplish the same purpose. We found that when CD34+ bone marrow cells are immediately frozen and stored at -80 degrees C, the number and quality of stem/progenitor cells recovered after thawing was comparable to those reported recovered after conventional processing. Herein we report optimized conditions for cryopreserving and storing CD34+ bone marrow cells at -80 degrees C and for subsequent thawing of the stored product. With these methods post-thaw recovery of CFU-Mix, for example, equaled or exceeded 80% of predicted numbers, even after six months of storage. Further, though progenitor cell recovery does not necessarily correlate with speed of engraftment, these results nonetheless suggest that storage of human CD34+ cells at -80 degrees C in a mechanical freezer is a convenient, inexpensive, and reliable method for storing marrow for transplantation.