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141 results on '"Ludolph, A. g."'

1. Investigation of previously implicated genetic variants in chronic tic disorders: a transmission disequilibrium test approach

Author

Abdulkadir, Mohamed, Londono, Douglas, Gordon, Derek, Fernandez, Thomas V, Brown, Lawrence W, Cheon, Keun-Ah, Coffey, Barbara J, Elzerman, Lonneke, Fremer, Carolin, Fründt, Odette, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Gilbert, Donald L, Grice, Dorothy E, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Hong, Hyun Ju, Huyser, Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Jakubovski, Ewgeni, Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young Shin, Koh, Yun-Joo, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Ludolph, Andrea G, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Maras, Athanasios, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten, Münchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara L, Plessen, Kerstin J, Roessner, Veit, Shin, Eun-Young, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, Tübing, Jennifer, van den Ban, Els, Visscher, Frank, Wanderer, Sina, Woods, Martin, Zinner, Samuel H, King, Robert A, Tischfield, Jay A, Heiman, Gary A, Hoekstra, Pieter J, and Dietrich, Andrea

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Psychology, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Autism, Genetics, Pediatric, Mental Health, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Tourette Syndrome, Neurodegenerative, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Family Health, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Male, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Severity of Illness Index, Tic Disorders, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Young Adult, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Candidate gene study, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, Transmission Disequilibrium Test, Obsessive–compulsive disorder, Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

Genetic studies in Tourette syndrome (TS) are characterized by scattered and poorly replicated findings. We aimed to replicate findings from candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our cohort included 465 probands with chronic tic disorder (93% TS) and both parents from 412 families (some probands were siblings). We assessed 75 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 465 parent-child trios; 117 additional SNPs in 211 trios; and 4 additional SNPs in 254 trios. We performed SNP and gene-based transmission disequilibrium tests and compared nominally significant SNP results with those from a large independent case-control cohort. After quality control 71 SNPs were available in 371 trios; 112 SNPs in 179 trios; and 3 SNPs in 192 trios. 17 were candidate SNPs implicated in TS and 2 were implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 142 were tagging SNPs from eight monoamine neurotransmitter-related genes (including dopamine and serotonin); 10 were top SNPs from TS GWAS; and 13 top SNPs from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, OCD, or ASD GWAS. None of the SNPs or genes reached significance after adjustment for multiple testing. We observed nominal significance for the candidate SNPs rs3744161 (TBCD) and rs4565946 (TPH2) and for five tagging SNPs; none of these showed significance in the independent cohort. Also, SLC1A1 in our gene-based analysis and two TS GWAS SNPs showed nominal significance, rs11603305 (intergenic) and rs621942 (PICALM). We found no convincing support for previously implicated genetic polymorphisms. Targeted re-sequencing should fully appreciate the relevance of candidate genes.

Published
2018

2. Pre- and perinatal complications in relation to Tourette syndrome and co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Author

Abdulkadir, Mohamed, Tischfield, Jay A, King, Robert A, Fernandez, Thomas V, Brown, Lawrence W, Cheon, Keun-Ah, Coffey, Barbara J, de Bruijn, Sebastian FTM, Elzerman, Lonneke, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Gilbert, Donald L, Grice, Dorothy E, Hagstrøm, Julie, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Hong, Hyun Ju, Huyser, Chaim, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, Koh, Yun-Joo, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Lamerz, Andreas, Leventhal, Bennett, Ludolph, Andrea G, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Maras, Athanasios, Messchendorp, Marieke D, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Münchau, Alexander, Murphy, Tara L, Openneer, Thaïra JC, Plessen, Kerstin J, Rath, Judith JG, Roessner, Veit, Fründt, Odette, Shin, Eun-Young, Sival, Deborah A, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, Stolte, Anne-Marie, Tübing, Jennifer, van den Ban, Els, Visscher, Frank, Wanderer, Sina, Woods, Martin, Zinner, Samuel H, State, Matthew W, Heiman, Gary A, Hoekstra, Pieter J, and Dietrich, Andrea

Subjects
Clinical and Health Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Mental Health, Tourette Syndrome, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Infant Mortality, Serious Mental Illness, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Brain Disorders, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Parent-Child Relations, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Republic of Korea, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Tic Disorders, United States, Young Adult, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Delivery, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Prenatal, Tourette syndrome, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Pre- and perinatal complications have been implicated in the onset and clinical expression of Tourette syndrome albeit with considerable inconsistencies across studies. Also, little is known about their role in co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with a tic disorder. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of pre- and perinatal complications in relation to the presence and symptom severity of chronic tic disorder and co-occurring OCD and ADHD using data of 1113 participants from the Tourette International Collaborative Genetics study. This study included 586 participants with a chronic tic disorder and 527 unaffected family controls. We controlled for age and sex differences by creating propensity score matched subsamples for both case-control and within-case analyses. We found that premature birth (OR = 1.72) and morning sickness requiring medical attention (OR = 2.57) were associated with the presence of a chronic tic disorder. Also, the total number of pre- and perinatal complications was higher in those with a tic disorder (OR = 1.07). Furthermore, neonatal complications were related to the presence (OR = 1.46) and severity (b = 2.27) of co-occurring OCD and also to ADHD severity (b = 1.09). Delivery complications were only related to co-occurring OCD (OR = 1.49). We conclude that early exposure to adverse situations during pregnancy is related to the presence of chronic tic disorders. Exposure at a later stage, at birth or during the first weeks of life, appears to be associated with co-occurring OCD and ADHD.

Published
2016

13. Poster

Author

Aleksic, Olivera, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Popovic-Deusic, Smiljka, Pirgic, Biljana, Sojic, Ivana, Correll, Christoph, Parikh, Umesh, Olshanskiy, Vladimir, Chopra, Bhrigu, Kane, John M., Malhotra, Anil K., Sieslack, Sonja, Barth, Gottfried Maria, Klosinski, Gunther, Sadigorsky, Sheila, Kronenberg, Sefi, Frisch, Amos, Williams, Nicola, Tonge, Bruce, King, Neville, Melvin, Glenn, Dudley, Amanda, Gordon, Michael, Klimkeit, Ester, Hatch, Simon, Breddy, John, DeCory, Heleen, Cameron, Sara, Solanto, Mary, Serra-Pinheiro, Maria, Sousa, Isabella, Mattos, Paulo, Gomes, Fernanda, Pastura, Giuseppe, Milinkovic, Desna, Bilke, Oliver, Kühnel, Sibille, Winterfeld, Bernhard, Campo, John, Perel, James, Axelson, David, Bridge, Jeff, Birmaher, Boris, Ryan, Neal, Brent, David, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S., Sanchez, Dorothea Y., Pavuluri, Mani, Henry, David B., Carbray, Julie A., Sampson, Gwendolyn, Naylor, Michael W., Janicak, Philip G., Gebhardt, Stefan, Theisen, Frank, Haberhausen, Michael, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Monika, Wehmeier, Peter, Krieg, Jürgen-Christian, Kühnau, Wolfgang, Schmidtke, Jörg, Remschmidt, Helmut, Hebebrand, Johannes, Clement, Hans-Willi, Fleischhaker, Christian, Hennighausen, Klaus, Schulz, Eberhard, Frank, Reiner, Karamete, Belda, Löndahl, Gunnel, Gustafsson, Peik, Parnegdrd, Anneli, Rigon, Giancarlo, Chiodo, Simona, Mancaruso, Alessandra, Poggioli, Daniele Giovanni, Costa, Stefano, Pires, Pedro, Brito, Isabel, Carvalho, Isabel, Almeida, Sara, Zaragoza, Paula, Shevchenko, Yury, Korneeva, Vasilisa, Stankovic, Miodrag, Lakic, Aneta, Milovanovic, Vesna, Stankovic, Sandra, Hobrücker, Bernard, Caby, Filip, Chambry, Jean, Laudrin, Stéphane, Graindorge, Catherine, Oiji, Arata, Morioka, Yukiko, Murata, Ami, Sato, Madoka, Hashizume, Yume, Müller, Katarina, Werner, Willigis, Martin, Matthias, Mattejat, Eva, Olivieri, Myriam, Simoncini, Annalisa, Marchegiani, Sonia, Muratori, Marco Lazzorotto, Borsetti, Gabriele, Farrag, Shewikar, Coltrinari, Riccardo, Habib, Doa, Fung, Daniel, Lee, Nelson, Ohmann, Susanne, Popow, C., Lanzenberger, M., Herzog, H., Schuch, S., Miksch, S., Abdollahy, Fatemeh, Khani, S., Shabankhani, B., Guerra, Joao, Fontes, Claudia, Martins, Vania, Teles, Ana, Rodrigues, Corina, Correia, Zulmira, Becht-Jördens, Gereon, McElearney, Catherine, Marsh, Michael Fitzgerald Henry, Naumann, Alexander, Holst, Dirk, Engbarth, Annette, Mircea, Tiberiu, Nehra, Ashima, Malhotra, Savita, Chakrabarti, Subho, Kiran, Shashi, Shoba, Srinath, Hvolby, Allan, Jorgensen, Jan Ib, Medeiros, Marco, Correia, Ariete, Gabilondo, Maria, da Silva, Pedro Caldeira, Carreira, Augusto, Yang, Jae-Won, Kim, Yeoung-Rang, Hong, Sung-Do David, Lee, Sang-Sin, Lim, Seong-Hu, Park, Jeoung-Hwan, Trbic, Vera, Boskovic, Danica, Pauschardt, Jan, Mattejat, Fritz, Quaschner, Kurt, Lischka, Erika, Bauer, Mechthild, Petzke, Franka, Wehrmann, Britta, Lesinskiene, Sigita, Paskauskaite, Laura, Bueno, Luisa Garcia-Giralda, Gonzales, Juana Montiel, Cumbres, Javier Gallego, Asensio, Francisco Gutierrez, Denoix, Susanne, Kimmig, Franz, Weinhardt, Marc, Greven, Peter, Buchmann, Stefan, Atas, Nurgül, Jonkanski, Ute, Pisarsky, Bodo, Treuter, Silvia, Cornellà, Josep, Llusent, Alex, Condesso, Lara, Trigueiros, António, Schütz, Klaus, Tarren-Sweeney, Michael, Hazell, Philip, Mazzone, Luigi, Mugno, Diego, Ruta, Liliana, D’Arrigo, Valentina Genitori, Simona, Perrotta Concetta, Mattina, Teresa, Mazzone, Domenico, Nordbeck, Ralf, Gierow, Wolfgang, Haessler, Frank, Buchmann, Johannes, Bliznakova, Lucia, Grimmer, Yvonne, Roth, H. J., Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine, Schmidt, Martin H., Becker, Katja, Ludolph, Andrea G., Storch, Alexander, Boeckers, Tobias, Kirsch, Joachim, Fegert, Jörg M., Drevitska, Oksana, Cianchetti, Carlo, Corona, Simona, Foscoliano, Maria, Contu, Daniela, Fancello, Giuseppina Sannio, Costa, Anna, Roello, Mara, Romano, Angela, Fabrizi, Anna, Pelliccia, Andrea, Matricardi, Maria, Matthias, Nickola, Lesnick, Timo, Gass, Matthias, Su, Linyan, Zhang, Jishui, Wu, Dazing, Luo, Xuerong, Ardizzone, Ignazio, D’Oto, Paola, Priskich, Francesca, Rigillo, Elvira, Tomassetti, Nadia, Vagnoni, Francesca, Sabisch, Beate, Hahne, Anja, Glass, Lisa, Friederici, Angela D., von Suchodoletz, Waldemar, Di Brina, Carlo, Pagnacco, Andrea, Capozzi, Flavia, Penge, Roberta, Bocci, Fabio, Cantonetti, Laura, De Carlo, Alessandra, Scanferla, Barbara, Sebastiani, Teresa, Vagnoni, Cristina, Gao, Xueping, Du, Yasong, Lorenzetti, Fabio, von Aster, Michael, Schweiter, Martin, Kucian, Karin, Loenneker, Thomas, Dietrich, Thomas, Martin-Fiori, Ernst, Abuhegaz, Hesham, Bahary, Hashem, Lee, Dae-Hwan, Kim, Bong-Seog, Jeon, Seong-Ill, Chung, Sun-Lu, da Simoes, Maria Conceicao Taborda, da Dias, Maria Luz Vale, Engqvist, Ulf, Rydelius, Per-Anders, das Formosinho, Maria Dores, Pinto, Ana Monica, Lima, Luiza Nobre, Edbom, Tobias, Larsson, Jan-Olov, Lichtenstein, Paul, Perez, Bernardo, Marin, Macarena, Yang, Su-Jin, Lee, Helen, Noh, Kyung-Sun, Keller, Ferdinand, Goldbeck, Lutz, Benjelloun, Ghizlane, Dhossche, Dirk, Stanfill, Sara, Takahara, Akiko, Kusu, Minemitsu, Watanabe, Sumiko, Matsui, Tatsuya, Ikeda, Kengo, Matsuda, Hiroe, Allik, Hiie, Smedje, Hans, Shirataki, Sadaaki, Murakami, Bonko, Mohamed, Rawheya Ahmad, Dunbar, Fiona, Shea, Sarah, Atsumi, Mariko, Matsumoto, Hideo, Ooya, Akitoshi, Koishi, Seiji, Aoki, Yutaka, Enseki, Youichi, Nakamura, Yuri, Francis, Kostas, Kazaridis, Vassilis, Kirillidou, Panagiota, Koukouvinou, Sofia, Paliwal, Sobharani, Clinic, Parkview, Whitehouse, William, Edwards, Margo, Edwards, Ayliffe, Pandit, Sunita, Powell, Judith, Tehrani-Doost, Mehdi, Sepasi, Mitra, Alaghband-Rad, Javad, Goodarzi, Reza Rad, Kodaira, Masaki, Viertler, Andrea, Elpel, Katja, Reis, Olaf, Akçakn, Melda Ayse, Erden, Gulsen, Kerimoglu, Efser, Lemonnier, Eric, Munesue, Toshio, Mutoh, Kouhei, Shimoda, Kazunori, Nakatani, Hideo, Koshino, Yoshifumi, Germerott, Isabell, Sadek, Eman Galal, Litvinov, A. G., Calderón-Castaneda, Froylan, Nuno-Licona, Alberto Enrique, Alatorre-Miguel, Efren, Goth, Kirstin, Schmeck, Klaus, Winter, Sibylle, Wiegard, Anja, Hinrichs, Günter, Köhler, Denis, Kammerer, Martin, Adams, Diana, von Castelberg, Brida, Taylor, Alyx, Posserud, Maj-Britt, Stormark, Kjell Morten, Lundervold, Astri J., Gillberg, Christopher, Steijnen, Maaike, Verhoeven, Sophie, Francula, Ivana, Prpic, Igor, Volga, Rena, Di Biasi, Stefania, Piperno, Francesca, Puleo, Filomena, Cerracchio, Sara, Giacchè, Roberta, Rein, Zoé, Godart, Nathalie, Perdereau, Fabienne, Curt, Florence, Jeammet, Philippe, Fermanian, Jacques, Bayman, Emine Ozgur, Taneli, Yesim, Guvendeger, Neslim, Ediz, Bulent, Taneli, Suna, Kan, Ismet, Plaß, Angela, Barkmann, Claus, Mack, B., Mittenzwei, K., Riedesser, Peter, Schulte-Markwort, Michael, Roessner, Veit, Becker, Andreas, Hagenberg, Nicola, Berking, Matthias, Banaschewski, Tobias, Rothenberger, Aribert, Coulon, Nathalie, Tardiola, Daniela, Balsamo, Stefano, Capriotti, Nadia, Sandhu, Tanveer, Tamminen, Tuula, Iovchuk, Nina, Milacic, Ivona, Vidojevic, Oliver, Kilincaslan, Ayse, Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli, Sozen, Gokce, Umut, Ayla, Yamamoto, Kenji, Koishi, Shinko, Natsume, Noriko, Yamazaki, Kosuke, Nanba, Eiji, Naber, Fabienne, van Daalen, Emma, Buitelaar, Jan, van IJzendoorn, Marinus, Willemsen-Swinkels, Sophie, BakermansKranenburg, Marian J., van Engeland, Herman, de Jonge, Maretha, Kemner, Chantal, Caby, Andrea, Bendt, Stefan, Bashina, Vera, Krasnoperova, Maria, Croonenberghs, Jan, Sliwinski, Sonja, Christophe, Armand, Deboutte, Dirk, Maes, Michael, Tosco, Alessia, Giorgi, Emanuela, Lazzarini, Monica, Iorio, M. Liliana, Becciu, Mercedes, Kim, Bung-Nyun, In-Hyoung, Jeong, Ahn, Dong-Hyun, Kim, Boong-Nyun, Shin, Yun-O, Hong, Kang-E, Hrdlicka, Michal, Neuwirth, Jiri, Komarek, Vladimir, Havlovicova, Marketa, Sedlacek, Zdenek, Blatny, Marek, Urbanek, Tomas, Ohta, Masataka, Kano, Yukiko, Nagai, Yoko, Wintgens, Anne, Hayez, Jean-Yves, Lim, Seoung-Hu, Ha, Ji-Hye, Byun, Hee-Jung, Kim, Ji-Hae, Lee, Rebecca, Fombonne, Eric, Taylor, Eric, Çetin, Füsun Çuhadaroôlu, James, Deborah, Lawlor, Maria, Sofroniou, Nick, Kamibeppu, Kiyoko, Sato, Lori, Hoshi, Yasutaka, Zdravkovic, Jezdimir, Kostic, Petar, Murafi, Khalid, Ries, Michael, Siefen, Rainer Georg, Jelinek, Martin, Klimusova, Helena, Blizkovska, Jaroslava, Burke, C., Doody, B., Nix, Carole Müller, Nicole, Ayala, Wilken, Markus, Dunitz-Scheer, Marguerite, Krasnovsky, Alexandra, Dressler, Anastasia, Perelli, Valentina, Tinelli, Francesca, Rafanelli, Valentina, Bargagna, Stefania, Libal, Gerhard, Plener, Paul, Fegert, Jórg M., Enokido, Fumiko, Higuchi, Masako, Jibiki, Istuki, Tomori, Martina, Yoo, Hee-Jeong, Kim, Su-Yeon, Cho, In-Hee, Yune, Sook-Kyeong, Lyoo, In-Kyoon, Ha, Ji-Hyun, Haas, Barbara, Danilova, Lyudmila, Dervic, Kanita, Csorba, Janos, Rozsa, Sandor, Kleinman, Marjorie, Tringer, Laszlo, Friedrich, Max, Gould, Madelyn, Akkaya-Kalayci, Tuerkan, Lenz, Gerhard, Lapponi, Elisa, Filipponi, Maria Carla, Lauria, Felicia, Sogos, Carla, Kitamura, Akihide, Albrecht, Bjoern, Zhang, Xianghui, Li, Xuerong, Hercigonja-Novkovim, Vesna, Kocijan-Hercigonja, Dubravka, Ralston, Stephen, Lorenzo, Maria, Aziz, Asmaa Amin Abdel, Biederman, Joseph, Spencer, Thomas, Moore, Rodney, Gao, Haitao, Cornelld, Josep, Dajcman, Natasa Potocnik, Holnthaner, Rok, Xie, Guangrong, Sühlfleisch-Thurau, Ulrike, Häßler, Frank, Tiffin-Richards, Margaret, Richards, Michael, Hasselhorn, Marcus, Bayrak, Alper, Pereira, R. Rodrigues, Brussel, W., Vlasveld, L., Tuynman-Qua, H. G., Lorenzo, M. J., Song, Dong-Ho, Ha, Eun-Hye, Lee, Eun-Sik, Yu, Young-Min, Weiler, Hans-Theo, Hellrung, Heike, Grünling, Caro, Overmeyer, Stephan, Ligges, Markus, Blanz, Bernhard, Claus, Armin, Walitza, Susanne, Scheuerpflug, Peter, Wewetzer, Christoph, Gerlach, Manfred, Warnke, Andreas, Aoki, Mieko, Aoki, Shozo, Takii, Masato, Uchigata, Yasuko, Nozaki, Takehiro, Kawai, Keisuke, Takakura, Shu, Koreeda, Chikako, Kubo, Chiharu, Saino, Hitoshi, Denda, Kenzo, Ito, Kouichi, Asakura, Satoshi, Sasaki, Yukiya, Sasaki, Fumi, Inoue, Seishiro, Werneck-Rohrer, Sonja, Eveline, Ernst, Eichberger, Heidrun, Prause, Carolin, Schuch, Bibiana, Lamerz, Andreas, Kuepper-Nybelen, Jutta, Wehle, Christine, Trost-Brinkhues, Gabriele, Brenner, Hermann, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Pawlowska, Beata, Chuchra, Maria, Kaczynska-Haladyj, Marta, Schulze, Ulrike Margarete Elisabeth, Schuler, Simone, Schlamp, Dieter, Schneider, Peter, Reiners, Christian, Morita, Chihiro, Severny, Anatoly, Brutman, Victor, Kireeva, Irina, Schmid, Marc, Zander, Antje, Kaczynska-Haladyi, Marta, Bruning, Nicole, TrostBrinkhues, Gabriele, Popow, Christian, Karwautz, Andreas, Eimecke, Sylvia, Holtkamp, Kristian, Capasso, Anna, Seki, Masaki, Wakabayashi, Yu, Takaoka, Ken, Schmid, Marc G., Zerahn-Hartung, Claudia, Morioka, Kayo, Nedoschill, Jan, Leiberich, Peter, Loew, Thomas, Jung, Jae-Suk, Lee, Young-Sik, Chung, Sun-Ju, Park, Tae-Won, Bettoschi, Alba Sunshine, Carboni, Pasquale, Cho, Soo-Churl, Ahn, Jeong-Mee, Hong, Kang-E., Kassubek, Jan Elena, Quiner, Sylvia, Seyering, Michaela, Friedrich, Max H., Radojkovic, Ana, Velimirovic, Ana, Ali, Sherese, Parker, Kevin, Martinovic, Zarko, Krstic, Nadezda, Buder, Nevenka, Ispanovic, Veronika, Mojs, Ewa, Glowacka, Maria Danuta, Hayashi, Junko, Funakosi, Syunichi, Kamiyama, Takamichi, Ueno, Takashi, Ishii, Tomohiro, Hayashi, Yutaka, Matsuoka, Hiroo, Gardner, William, Lucas, Amanda, Kolko, David, Kelleher, Kelly, Ballabriga, Maria Claustre Jané, Sola, Sergi Ballespi, Dorado, Montse, Reganon, Natalia Diaz, Alonso, Maite Gonzalez, Riba, Maria Dolores, Llaberia, Edelmira Domenech, Ishii, Kayano, Inoko, Kayo, Nishizono-Maher, Aya, Osawa, Makiko, Kasahara, Mari, Saitou, Kazuhiko, Murase, Satomi, Oga, Risa, Murakami, Takashi, Honjo, Shuji, Kaneko, Hitoshi, Arai, Shiori, Völkl-Kernstock, Sabine, Bauch-Prater, Sonja, Feucht, Martha, Vilariça, Paula, Pereira, Isadora, Pastor, Olivia, Farinha, Susana, Caldeira, Pedro, Silva, Maria Antónia, Gawrilow, Caterina, Gollwitzer, Peter M., Cheon, Keun-Ah, Ryu, Young-Hoon, Kim, Jae-won, Filho, Alceu Gomes Correia, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Silva, Tatiana, Bodanese, Rafael, Aman, Michael, Gunning, W. Boudewijn, Laucht, Manfred, El-Faddagh, Mahha, Schmidt, Martin, Nützel, Jakob, Ball, Juliane, Elben, Cornelia, Kadziela-Olech, Halina, Park, Taewon, Im, Myung Ho, Kang, Daehee, Yoo, Hee Jeong, Michelson, David, Zhang, Shuyu, Ruff, Dustin, Feldman, Peter, Bilenberg, Niels, Jensen, Jurgen, Moradi, Azar, Alaey, Vahed, Kratochvil, Christopher, Wilens, Timothy, Greenhill, Laurence, Gelowitz, Douglas, Celestin, Leon Patrice, Celestin-Westreich, Smadar, Banerjee, Somnath, Chandola, M., Venables, S., Negoro, Hideki, Lida, Junzo, Iwasaka, Hidemi, Kyo, Masanori, Nagano, Tatsushi, Kishino, Kanae, Kishimoto, Toshihumi, Kim, Bong-Suk, Hwang, Jun-Won, Kyoh, Masanori, Junzo, Lida, Hideki, Negoro, Tatsushi, Nagano, Kanae, Kishino, Hidemi, Iwasaka, Toshifumi, Kishimoto, Strous, Rael, Kertzman, Simion, Nachum, Z. Ben, Kotler, Moshe, Hegesh, Roni, Coghill, David, Spender, Quentin, Barton, Joanne, Hollis, Chris, Yuen, Cammy, Cleemput, Irina, Annemens, Lieven, Eschmann, Susanne, Käppler, Karl Christoph, Teodoro, Maycoln M. L., Stieger, Eva, Mugier, Anouk, Stüttler, Stephanie, Heise, Cord Alexander, Uebel, Henrik, Hanisch, Charlotte, Konrad, Kerstin, Radach, Ralph, Horn, Dagmar, Tsujii, Noa, Okada, Akira, Kuriki, Noriko, Matsuo, Junko, Hanada, Kazushi, Kusube, Takeshi, Hitomi, Kazuhiko, Schmitz, Marcelo, Denardin, Daniel, da Silva, Tatiana, Pianca, Thiago, Roman, Tatiana, Hutz, Mara, Bouden, Asma, Dengezli, Ines, Halayem, Mohamed, Herreros, Oscar, Sanchez, Francisco, Rubio, Belen, Gracia, Ramon, Weber, Simone Henrike, Wolters, Alex, Allen, Albert J., Kurlan, Roger, Gilbert, Donald, Dunn, David, Sallee, F. Randy, Thomason, Christine, Sutton, Virginia, Milton, Denai, Petersen, Dorthe, Kristensen, Solvejg, Kinkelbur, Jörg, Hellwig, Juliane, Hellwig, Martin, Rüther, Eckert, Omigbodun, Olayinka, Esan, O., Bakare, K., Yusufi, B. O., Nuhu, F., Adesokan, A., Kopecky-Wenzel, Marie, Steenhuis, Mark-Peter, Minderaa, Ruud, Körlof, Marie-Louise, Wängby, Margit, Bergman, Lars R., Yu, Suwei, Multimäki, Petteri, Parkkola, Kai, Sourander, Andre, Nikolakaros, Georgios, Helenius, Hans, Freitas, Carina, Rocha, Assunçâo, Pocinho, Lídia, Arai, Shinichi, Ichikawa, Hironobu, Hirosawa, Ikuko, Mdrquez-Caraveo, Maria Elena, Pérez-Barrón, Verónica, Sorensen, Merete Juul, Mors, Ole, Thomsen, Per Hove, von Klitzing, Kai, Perren, Sonja, von Wyl, Agnes, Burgin, Dieter, Yoo, Han-Ik, Shin, Min-Sup, Hong, Kang E., Syed, Ehsan, Haqqi, Sobia, Semago, Michail, Girdzijauskiene, Sigita, Puras, Dainius, Gintiliene, Grazina, Cerniauskaite, Dovile, Bormann-Kischkel, Christiane, Schmoetzer, Rosemarie, Frischholz, Diana, Linder, Martin, Ganseforth, Catharina, Rödder, Daniela, Kribs, Angela, Pillekamp, Frank, von Gontard, Alexander, Roth, Bernhard, Wiguna, Tjhin, Marques, Cristina Maria Ribeiro, Goldschmidt, Teresa, Cepeda, Teresa, Arman, Ayse, Ersu, Refika, Save, Dilsad, Karaman, Goksin, Karabekiroglu, Koray, Karadag, Bulent, Berkem, Meral, Moller, Lene Ruge, Biswas, Parathasarathy, Malhotra, Anil, Gupta, Nitin, Ivarsson, Tord, Litlere, Oeystein, Svalander, Per, Yelikova, Yelena, Nastasic, Petar, Filipovic, Snezana, Panoski, Roza, Lazetic, Goran, Zvereva, Nataliya, Strauss, Monika, Graf, A., Zollinger, R., Brückl, Tanja, Höfler, Michael, Schwenden, Lena, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Lieb, Roselind, Schweitzer, Angelika, Edwards, Jane, Schlögelhofer, Monika, Amminger, Paul G., Ledda, Maria Giuseppina, Zuddas, A., Piroddi, T., Abis, M., Mereu, A., Härtling, Fabian, Tepest, Ralf, Goncharova, Tanja, Linden, David E. D., Falkei, Peter, Vogeley, Kai, Poustka, Fritz, Spinner, Miriam, Dobranowski, Julian, MacCrimmon, Duncan, Gibson, Jim, Fawcett, Susan, Criollo, Margarita, Ramsauer, Brigitte, Janke, Nina, Djukic, Danica Boskovic, Napoli, Fabiola, Valente, Raffaella, Neri, Valeria, Ferrara, Mauro, Costa, Carla D’Agostini, Veronesi, Christian, Melogno, Sergio, Gigliotti, Achille, Mazzoncini, Bruna, Fonseca, Antonio, Maid, Eva, Hohm, Erika, Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Duvigneau, J. Catharina, Hartl, Romana T., Ben-Shachar, Dorit, Kranzier, Harvey, Kumra, Sanjiv, Gerbino-Rosen, Ginny, Roofeh, David, De Thomas, Courtney, Dombrowski, Carolyn, McMeniman, Marjorie, Chang, Hsueh-Ling, Chen, Sue-Huei, Yu, Keh-Chiang, Kölch, Michael, Bücheler, Reinhild, Gleiter, Christoph H., Bohne, Stephanie P., Häßler, Frank M., Gierow, Bärbel, Carbray, Julie, Gwen, Sampson, Naylor, Michael, Taanila, Anja, Hautala, Katri, Kemppainen, Päivi, Kotimaa, Arto, Ebeling, Hanna, Moilanen, Irma, Biscaldi, Monica, Wagner, Bettina, Dürrwächter, Ute, Trauzettel-Klosinski, Susanne, Reinhard, Jens, Plume, Ellen, Schulte-Körne, Gerd, Aleksic, Branko, Blaser, Regula, Preuss, Ulrich, Meusel, Claudia, Macharey, Georg, Strehlow, Ulrich, Haffner, Johann, Bischof, Jürgen, Gratzka, Volker, Parzer, Peter, Resch, Franz, Sachse, Steffi, Anke, Beatrice, Adamski, Monika, Pecha, Angelika, Macesic-Petrovic, Dragana, Slavnic, Svetlana, Hatagaki, Chie, Swaab, Hanna, Cohen-Kettenis, P., Di Scipio, Roberta, Patruno, Ester, Reinelt-Straka, Sylvia, Hoffmann, Liselotte, Dragana, Max H. Friedrich, Petrovic, Macesic, Nesa, Monique, Hay, David, Roberts, Clare, McCoy, Mairead, Salbach, Harriet, Klopfer, Uta, Hagen, Swantje, Arne, Bürger, Lehmkuhl, Ulrike, Smith, Bradley, Sinzig, Judith, Hohmann, Martin, Mukai, Takayo, Enebrink, Pia, Ldngström, Niklas, Andershed, Henrik, Richer, Louis, Lachance, Lise, Dubé, Claude, Saintonge, Serge, Virkkunen, Matti, Liesivuori, Jyrki, Bloigu, Risto, Tiihonen, Jari, Vance, Alasdair, Prakash, Chidambaram, Reyes-Harde, Magali, Csaba, Krisztina, Eerdekens, Marielle, Olah, Roza, Augustyns, Ilse, Hellmann, Ulrike, Matei, Astrid, Ha, Ji Hyun, Cho, In Hee, Kim, Mee Gyeong, Yune, Sook Kyeong, Lyoo, In Kyoon, Barbro, Bruce, Polanczyk, Guilherme, Iraqi, Zineb, Kadri, Nadia, Moussaoui, Driss, Raddaoui, Kamal, Titze, Karl, Wollenweber, Susanne, Nell, Verena, Wiefel, Andreas, Guex, Margarita Forcada, Sezer, Basaran, Shamsaei, Farshid, Cheraghi, Fatemeh, Hasturk, Oytun, Okan, Mehmet, Sato, Naoko, Sato, Aya, Camillo, Eleonora, Porcari, Viviana, Salatiello, Maria Patrizia, Chifari, Sabrina, Dell’Oglio, Valentina, Rosanna, Militello, Scrò, Carmela, Hart-Kerkhoffs, Lisette, Ph. van Wijk, A., Jansen, L. M. C., Vermeiren, Robert, Doreleijers, Theodore, Zhang, Shi Ji, Latva, Reija, Lehtonen, Liisa, Salmelin, Raili, Tsalamanios, Emmanouel, Kolaitis, Gerasimos, Paliokosta, Elena, Diareine, Stauroula, Anasontzi, Sofia, Tsiantis, Alkis, Limbinaki, Irini, Tsiantis, John, Dreana-Ianciu, Leontina, Vrajitoriu, Miriana, Lebedeva, Laura, Taner, Yasemen, Bakkaloglu, Betul, Çetin, Füsun Çuhadaroâlu, Ozbesler, Cengiz, Erturk, Mihriban, Sebre, Sandra, Keller, Audrey, Borghini, Ayala, Pierrehumbert, Blaise, Ansermet, François, Furnham, Adrian, Noack, Peter, Kirkcaldy, Bruce, Felber, Michaela, Puig, Stefan, Swain, James, Leckman, James, Mayes, Linda, Feldman, Ruth, Constable, Robert, Schultz, Robert, Koren, Evgeny, Trangkasombat, Umaporn, Karle, Michael, Belianchikova, Marina, Scoblo, Galina, Fadeev, Valentin, Jaunin, Lyne, Ansermet, Francois, Ujiie, Tatsuo, Nomura, Kenji, Sasaki, Yasuko, Stancheva-Popkostadinova, Vaska, Achkova, Meglena, Kilic, Emine, Erdogan, Gönül, Gaber, Rami, Qasqas, Areej, Aßhauer, Martin, Adam, Hubertus, Jones, Lynne, Rachidi, Linda, Halty, Kawtar, Battas, Omar, Leor, Agnes, Tyano, Shmuel, Shreiber, Schaul, Hosogane, Nan, Watanabe, Kyoto, Okuyama, Makiko, Kim, Young-Shin, Leventhal, Bennett, Koh, Yun-Joo, Boyce, W. Thomas, Liptai, Sonja, Clauß, Marianne, Heuer, Petra, Kaadan, Abdul Nasser, Menahem, Samuel, Salo-Thompson, Frances, Shabankhani, Bizhan, Hoeger, Christoph, Jeong, Seong-Shim, Park, Jeong-Hwan, Szaniecki, Eduardo, Roll-Pettersson, Lise, Ehnis, Patrick, Trosse, Maria, Van Rebelo, Piedade, Mattson, Eva Heimdahl, Cucchiaro, Giulietta, Cocuzza, Mariadonatella, Morales, Giada, Bobrova, Nataliya, Asbahr, Fernando, Ramos, Renato, Costa, André, Sassi, Roberto, Nauta, Maaike, Tomori, Sonila, Alikaj, Valbona, Como, A., Snider, Lisa, Garvey, Marjorie, Zanetta, Dirce, Elkis, Helio, Swedo, Susan, Vural, Pinar, Wang, Kai, Zhu, Yan, Sabuncuoglu, Osman, Krasavina, Viktoryia, Pykhtareva, Nina, Venuti, Bianca, Tachi, Naohiko, Kodoi, Naomi, Sakamoto, Naoko, Watanabe, Michiko, Goto, Motiko, Geller, Frank, Reinlein, J., Barth, Nikolaus, Hahn, F., Hinney, Anke, Robatzek, Monika, Calvo, Rosa, Luisa, Lazaro, Cirigliano, Lucrezia, Lucarelli, Loredana, Ratz, Uwe, Stegemann, Thomas, Breuer, Ulla, von Widdern, Susanne, Fricke, Leonie, Mitschke, Alexander, Wiater, Alfred, Lehmkuhl, Gerd, Honda, Kyoichi, Lafta, Muhmmad, Kurultak, Secil Oktem, Tomori, S., Petrela, E., Remschmidt, Helmut, editor, and Belfer, Myron L., editor

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2004
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14. Symposia

Author

Correll, Christoph, Kutcher, Stanley P., McClellan, John, Buitelaar, Jan, Pappadopulos, Elizabeth, Rothenberger, Aribert, Mattejat, Fritz, Scott, Stephen, Weisz, John, Schulz, Eberhard, Felder, Wilhelm, Fleischhaker, Christian, Böhme, R., Sixt, B., Jan van der Gaag, Rutger, Katz, Laurence Y., Cox, Brian J., Gunasekara, Shiny, Miller, Alec L., Laor, Nathaniel, Riedesser, Peter, Caffo, Ernesto, Leckman, James, Ammaniti, Massimo, Nicolais, Giampaolo, Speranza, Mario, Steiner, Hans, Delizonna, Laura, Schallauer, Astrid, Thienemann, Margo, McFarlane, Alexander C., van Hooff, Miranda, Sawyer, Michael, Cianchetti, Carlo, Gaddour, Naoufel, Sana, Mokni, Anouar, Mechri, Mondher, Letaief, Lotfi, Gaha, Härtling, Fabian, Bittner, Robert, Haenschel, Corinna, Cap, Marcus, Goncharova, Tanja, Linden, David E. J., Dittmann, Ralf, Maestele, Anneliese, Mehler, Claudia, Meyer, Eberhard, Jenner, Jack A., Boeing, Leonie, Murray, Val, Pelosi, Anthony, McCabe, Robert, Blackwood, Douglas, Wrate, Robert, Pellerano, S., Pintor, M., Mellis, G. L., Piroddi, T., Flisher, Alan, Nesa, Monique, Rooney, Rosanna, Roberts, Clare, Kane, Robert, Silburn, Sven, Pike, Lisbeth, Deaton, Helge Staby, Lustig, Stuart, Funk, Michelle, Rickards, Anne, Reddihough, Dinah, Wright-Rossi, Roslyn, Simpson, Jacqui, Seuthe, Dieter David, Vielhaber, H., Orden, Kinderklinik Dritter, Backmund, H., Gerlinghoff, M., Schwab-Stone, Mary, Jespers, Ine, Vermeiren, Robert, Ruchkin, Vladislav, Blatny, Marek, Hrdlicka, Michal, Urbanek, Tomas, Jelinek, Martin, Balastikova, Veronika, Jeammet, Philippe, Frottin, Alain, Filipovic, Andjelka, Albert, Eric, Schelotto, Dora Musetti, Knezevic, Mladen, Jovancevic, Milivoj, Hill, Jonathan, Lawlor, Maria, Kienbacher, Christian, Prause, Carolin, Stöckl, Margit, Bogyi, Gertrude, Friedrich, Max H., Klein, Michael, Kürschner, Katrin, Murray, Lynne, Leidecker, Victoria, Sharp, Helen, Luoma, Ilona, Kaukonen, Pälvi, Tamminen, Tuula, Nurcombe, Barry, Martin, Graham, McDermott, Brett, Resch, Franz, Schimmelman, Benno Graf, Edwards, Jane, McGorry, Patrick D., Lambert, Martin, Conus, Philippe, Preuss, Ulrich, Bürgin, Dieter, Strauss, Monika, Parzer, Peter, Spiel, Georg, von Korff, C., Ballin, H.-A., Gößler, R., Günter, M., Sange, G., Meng, Heiner, Koch, Eginhard, Minde, Klaus, True, Mary, Pisani, L., Oumar, F., Padilla, J., Bouville, Jean-François, Vogel, Wendy, Schmeck, Klaus, Goth, Kirstin, Purper-Ouakil, Diane, Dessons, Véronique, Doyen, Catherine, Perez-Diaz, Fernando, Mouren-Simeoni, Marie-Christine, Karwautz, Andreas, Wagner, Gudrun, Schwienbacher, Klaus, Haidvogl, Maria, Nobis, Gerald, Treasure, Janet Linda, Collier, David Andrew, Brunner, Romuald, Hueg, A., Haffner, Johann, Schmid, Marc, Goldbeck, Lutz, Nützel, Jakob, Höfling, Volkmar, Schermelleh-Engel, Karin, Moosbrugger, Helfried, Tomàs, Josep, Cornellà, Josep, Llusent, Alex, Bielsa, Anna, Belfer, Myron, Robertson, Brian, Mandlhate, Custodia, Seck, Birama, Zwirs, Barbara, Burger, Huib, Schulpen, Tom, Salman Al-Obedy, A. Karem, Romanchuk, Oleh, Namyslowska, Irena, Reigstad, Björn S., Jorgensen, Kirsti Margrethe, Matthys, Walter, Lochman, John, Zonnevylle-Bender, Marjo, van de Wiel, Nicolle, Wagner, Angela, Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine, Goepel, Christopher, van Bokhoven, Irene, van Goozen, Stephanie, Franciosi, L. Patt, Acquoy, Leode Graaf, Tischlinger, Anne, Pharm, B., Bronder, Knut Halyard, Schleimer, Kari, Walter, Joachim, Ephraime, Boia, Dmitrieva, Tatjana, Silva, Alvaro Seligman, Becker, Katja, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Metzke, C. Winkler, Furtado, Erikson F., Laucht, Manfred, Bilke, Oliver, Zimmermann, Petra, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Lieb, Roselind, Hannesdottir, Helga, Tyrfingsson, Thorarinn, Döpfner, Manfred, Hahlweg, Kurt, Kuschel, Annett, Bertram, Heike, Heinrichs, Nina, Freund-Braier, Inez, Brix, Gabriele, Hautmann, Christopher, Pluck, Julia, Crijnen, Alfons, van Lier, Pol, Vuijk, Patricia, Frank, Reiner, Vandvik, Inger Helene, Schäfert, Rainer, van Weel, Jeanne, Schieveld, Jan, Fegert, Jörg M., Friedrich, William, Celestin-Westreich, Smadar, Celestin, Leon Patrice, Ponjaert-Kristoffersen, Ingrid, Nagao, Keizo, Kisida, M., Shindo, E., Larsen, Helmer Baying, Helweg-Larsen, Karin, Lindauer, Ramón, Booij, Jan, Olff, Miranda, den Heeten, Gerard, Gersons, Berthold, Boer, Frits, Schoentjes, Eric, Bal, Sarah, Schulte-Markwort, Michael, Solantaus, Tytti, Toikka, Sini, Alasuutari, Maarit, Steck, Barbara, Grether, Andrea, Ehrensperger, M., Amsler, Felix, Kappos, L., Saha, Rina, Paschen, Bela, Baldus, Christiane, Haagen, Miriam, Pott, Martina, Romer, Georg, Ono, Yoshiro, Homma, H., Ishida, Y., Ide, H., Okamoto, M., Kameoka, S., Nakayama, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, A., Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli, Tyano, Sam, Mozes, Tamar, Caplan, R., Malhotra, Savita, Ledda, Maria Giuseppina, Fratta, Al, Mannino, S., Corona, Simona, Zuddas, A., Olalla, Macarena Marin, Garcia, Ruth, Ramirez, Bernardo Perez, Campion, Ross, Hindley, Peter, Gupta, Nitin, Bhattacharaya, Anish, Kapoor, Mehak, van de Willge, G., Klemm, Silke, Smesny, S., Stockebrand, M., Grunwald, S., Juffer, Femmie, van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J., Ziegenhain, Ute, Derksen, B., Dreisörner, R., Gutschner, Daniel, Maldonado-Duran, Martin, Ferndndez-Criado, Manuel, Heidenreich, Felicia, Moro, Marie Rose, Millhuff, Charles, Pope, Kirby, Theisen, Frank, Himmerich, Hubertus, Kraus, T., Schuld, A., Pollmächter, T., Apter, Alan, Gothelf, D., Brand-Gothelf, A., Ratzoni, Gidi, Kikinzon, L., Weizman, A., Bloch, Yuval, Haberhausen, Michael, Müller, Daniel, Fayyad, John, Filho, Altino Bessa Marques, de Menezes, Adolfo Bezerra, Campo, John, Shafer, Sheree, Strohm, Jennifer, Lucas, Amanda, Shaeffer, David, Altman, Harold, Gelachek, Christine, Motomura, Naoyasu, Takino, Yozo, Iwakiri, Masahiro, Pössel, Patrick, Seemann, Simone, Hautzinger, Martin, Mutale, Theodore, Haase, Christian, Abidi, Majid Ali, Raheem, Shehla, Faw, Leyla, Hogue, Aaron, Liddle, Howard, Catthoor, Kirsten, Hutsebaut, Joost, Jasinski, Donald, Faries, Douglas, Moore, Rodney, Streeck-Fischer, Annette, Sannwald, Renate, Barth, Gottfried Maria, Schwarz, Christoph, Staigle, Monika, Pham, Manh-Hiep, Balanzin, Dario, Materi, Joelle, Eresund, Pia, Mokhovikov, Alexander, Stankovic, Sandra, Munir, Kerim, Erol, Nese, Çetin, Füsun Çuhadarodlu, Hassiotis, Angela, Flament, Martine, Scholz, Michael, Rix, Maud, Nestler, Franziska, Selisko, Annegret, Godart, Nathalie, Perdereau, Fabienne, Rein, Zoé, Curt, Florence, Akister, Jane, Lee, Pei-Chin Peggy, Tsai, Sho-Man Susan, Ho, Lai-Shiun, Wu, Su-Chun, Miermont, Jacques, Swenson, Joel, Teherani, Mardjane, Falissard, Bruno, Cottraux, Jean, Plück, Julia, Oades, Robert, Simons-Sprong, Mirjam, Schothorst, P. F., Swaab-Barneveld, J. T., Juran, Stephanie, Weisbrod, Matthias, Chen, Eric, Röpcke, Bernd, Popovic-Deusic, Smiljka, Poustka, Luise, Wild-Wall, Nele, Papousek, Mechthilde, Keren, Mirelle, Feldman, Ruth, Maestro, S., Chilosi, A., Pecini, C., Pfanner, L., Greenhill, Laurence, Jahnsen, K., den Berg, L. T. W. Jong-van, Zito, J. M., Posner, Kelly, Skrobala, Anne, Goldberg, Pablo, Kotler, Lisa, Findling, Robert, Bussing, Regina, Sayal, Kapil, Mitchell, Geoffrey, Huss, Michael, Högl, Barbara, Grimmlinger, Renate, Käppler, Karl Christoph, Teodoro, Maycoln M. L., Oswald, Sylvia Hiromi, Dagnoni, Janine M., Pinheiro, M. I., Heleno, C. T., Rothe-Neves, R., Haase, V. G., Prette, A. Del, Lambertucci, Marimilia Rodrigues, Rodrigues, J. L., Freitas, P. M., Lourenco, C. A. P., Carvalho, H. C. W., Baumeister, J., Weisenhorn, M., Stadelmann, S., Oswald, S. H., Ruder, H., Ruggerini, Ciro, Vicini, Stefania, Pupulin, Enrico, Guidi, Antonio, Puura, Kaija, Mäntymaa, Mirjami, von Klitzing, Kai, Rosvald, Orna, Kröber, Hans-Ludwig, Stöver, A., Proske, R., Semmelbeck, Rainer, Walther, Marc, Schmelzle, Matthias, Egli-Alge, Monika, Beckett, Richard, Gerhold, Constanze, Turkmen-Barta, Lieselotte, Chiland, Colette, Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino, Ceglie, Domenico Di, Lehmkuhl, Ulrike, Uccellini, Orlando, Bertolini, Mario, Neri, Francesca, Albanese, Delia, Bertola, Raffaella, Snoek, Maartje, Kas, Martien, Schulze, Ulrike Margarete Elisabeth, Calame, Silke, Keller, Ferdinand, Santel, Stephanie, Krauel, Kerstin, Rotte, Michael, Münte, Thomas F., van Elburg, Annemarie, Poustka, Fritz, Bölte, Sven, Feineis-Matthews, Sabine, Boite, Sven, Hubl, D., Prvulovic, D., Dierks, T., Klauck, Sabine, Moilanen, Irma, Mattila, M., Laurila, J., Jussila, K., Pyper, A., Linna, S. L., Ebeling, Hanna, Pauls, D., Korpilahti, Pirjo, Loukusa, Soile, Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira, Hebebrand, Johannes, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Hinney, Anke, Wermter, Anne-Kathrin, Friedel, Susann, Geller, Frank, Schafer, Helmut, Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando, Holliday, Joanna, Holtkamp, Kristian, Mika, C., Heer, M., Uher, Rudolf, Barbarich, Nicole, Henry, Shannan E., Bailer, Ursula, Frank, Guido, Kaye, Walter H., Wentz, Elisabet, Lacey, J. Hubert, Waller, Glenn, Rastam, Maria, Turk, Jeremy, Gillberg, Christopher, Verhulst, Frank C., Zwaanswijk, Marieke, Verhaak, Peter, Bensing, Jozien, van der Ende, Jan, Verhulst, Frank, Sourander, Andre, Santalahti, Paivi, Ford, Tamsin, Goodman, Robert, Meltzer, Howard, Seiffge-Krenke, Inge, Fritsch, Richard, Cutler, Marika, Anthony, E. James, Rydelius, Per-Anders, Castell, Rolf, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Pavlovic, Miroslav, Kalman, Noa, Linder, Muli, Luria, Ido, Levkovitz, Yechiel, Yamazaki, Kosuke, da Silva, Pedro Caldeira, Santos, Grata, Martins, Filipa, Chiu, Yen-Nan, Tsai, Wen-Jer, Gau, Shur-Fen, Tseng, Chang-Chang, Su, Shu-Chen, Croonenberghs, Jan, Brouw, Lucas, Wauters, Annick, Bruning, Nicole, Manjaly, Zina, Fink, Gereon, Aleksic, Olivera, Rudic, Nenad, Jansen, Lucres, Wied, Christine C. Gispen-De, Lahuis, Bertine, Swaab, Hanna, Pietersen, Jolijn, Gevers, Carolien, Kamp-Becker, Inge, Germerott, Isabell, Howlin, Patricia, Gaudière, Forresi, Barbara, Lepri, G., Laval, Soumaila, Wiefel, Andreas, Biringen, Z., Titze, Karl, Lenz, K., Seither, C., Witte, B., Dunitz-Scheer, Marguerite, Wilken, Markus, Krasnovsky, Alexandra, Scheer, Peter, Cordeiro, Maria, Muratori, Filippo, Felloni, B., Cesari, A., Helmig, Linda, Fonagy, Peter, Moody, Chris, Fultz, Jim, Glanzmann, René, Lutz-Latil, Nathalie, van Wyl, Agnes, Puras, Dainius, Hervds, Amaia, Tsiantis, John, Dragonas, T., Davis, H., Ispanovic, V., Paradisiotou, A., Shanini, Mimoza, Jones, Lynne, Uka, A., Rrustemi, A., von Knorring, Anne-Liis, Deboutte, Dirk, Dorhmi, Souraya, Agoub, Mohamed, Moussaoui, Driss, Battas, Omar, Halvorsen, Inger, Andersen, Anne, Heyerdahl, Sonja, Baillot, Denise, La Roche, Michele, Furino, Claudia, Buchholtz, Annick, Goldfield, Gary, Henderson, Katherine, Hagenah, Ulrich, Blume, Varinja, Flacke-Redanz, Marlene, Dahlmann, Beate Herpertz, Sallas, Angelique A., Adam, Hubertus, Ephraime, Boia, Jr., Mozambique, Goci-Uka, Aferdita, Schlüter-Müller, Susanne, Bawa, Umesh, Khalik, Fakhri, Forouher, Nima, Sadamatsu, Miyuki, Nanba, Kato, Nobumasa, Kasai, Kiyoto, Nanba, Eiji, Schmidt, Martin H., Esser, Günter, van Engeland, Herman, Willemsen-Swinkels, Sophie, Dietz, Claudine, Beernink, Anne Claire, Vidojevic, Oliver, Milacic, Ivona, Strous, Rael, Hegesh, Roni, Kertzman, Simion, Ben-Nahum, Z., Kotler, Moshe, van Daalen, Emma, Zeegers, Mijke, Pol, Hilleke Hulshoff, Williams, Charles, Sank, Jessica, Paulk, Martha, Schwarz, George, Wharton, Paul, Raleva, Marija, Paketchieva, Kamka, Filipovska, Angelina, Nix, Carole Müller, Guex, Margarita Forcada, Daigham, Abdel-Mohsen, Indredavik, Marit S., Vik, Torstein, Kulseng, Siri, Brubakk, Ann-Mari, Cuddy, Marion, Riley, Katharine, Vollmer, Brigitte, Wyatt, John, Murray, Robin, Soininen, Mika, Paavonen, E. Juulia, Fjällberg, Mika, Salmi, Juha, Fredrik, Almgvist, Aronen, Eeva T., Reis, Olaf, Bohne, Stephanie P., Kraenz, Susanne, Ahn, Dong-Hyun, Kim, Tae-Ho, Choi, Jun-Ho, Kim, Yun-Young, Begovac, Ivan, Skocic, Milena, Rudan, Vlasta, Filipovic, Oleg, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Brynska, Anita, Wojtowicz, Stanislaw, Celia, Salvador, Aerts, Cisca, Cleve, Elisabeth, Hartmann, Hellmut, Kühle, Hans-Jürgen, Heidorn, Fridjof, Zeyer, Solveigh, Fuentes, Joaquin, Martin, Andrés, Sukhodolsky, Denis G., Kaltiala-Heino, Riittakerttu, Rimpelä, Matti, Andershed, Henrik, O’Donnell, Deborah, Pearce, Michelle, Burgin, Dieter, Becker, Andreas, Hagenberg, Nicola, Berking, Matthias, Roessner, Veit, Hanssen-Bauer, Ketil, Aalen, Odd, Junglas, Jürgen, Huh, Yoon-Seok, Kim, Yun Young, Oh, Kyung-Ja, Wang, Kai, Tarren-Sweeney, Michael, Leiblum, D. M., Kühl, Renate, Nötzel, Cornelia, Pfeiffer, Ernst, Lenz, Klaus, Rosling, Agneta, Poller, Marianne, Cross, Donna, Klabin, Simone, Kaplan, Diana, Mickel, Lars, Lehmkuhl, Gerd, Möckel, Regina, Leor, Shani, Frisch, Leor, Frisch, Amos, Weizman, Abraham, Zanozin, Andrey, Jamart, Sylvie, Hayez, Jean-Yves, Leor, Agnes, Ahle, Maria Elisabeth, Amitay, Galit Ben, Kosov, Irene, Reiss, Ahuva, Tamar, Moses, Smedje, Hans, Allik, Hiie, Steyaert, Jean, Castermans, Dries, Creemers, John, Kaczynska-Haladyj, Koenraad Devriendt Marta, Ballabriga, Maria Claustre Jané, Judez, Joaquima, Pelaez, Empar, Sole, Pilar, Rodriguez, Lidia, Palmen, Saskia, Kemner, Chantal, Schnack, Hugo, Kahn, Rene, Fabrizi, Anna, Gabriel, Levi, Mercadante, Marcos, Ramos, Sergiode Paula, Rosario-Campos, Maria Concecao, Rutter, Michael, Collishaw, Stephan, Maughan, Barbara, Pickles, Andrew, Messer, Julie, Caspi, Avshalom, Moffitt, Terrie, Kreppner, Jana, Borge, Anne Inger H., Luthar, Suniya, Hamarman, Stephanie, Ulger, C., Fossella, J., Brimacombe, M., Dermody, J., Stein, Mark, Waldman, L. D., Sarampote, C., Robb, A., Cook, E. H., Kirley, Aiveen, Lowe, N., Hawi, Z., Mullins, C., Daly, G., Waldman, I., McCarro, M., O’Donell, van der Meulen, Emma, Bakker, S. C., Pauls, D. L., Sinke, R. J., Polanczyk, Guilherme, Zeni, C., Genro, J. P., Roman, Tatiana, Hutz, Mara, Schaff, Christa, Haemmerle, Patrick, Sontag, Harald, Vetro, Agnes, Gadoros, Julia, Roosen-Runge, Gotthard, Hattab, Jocelyn, Hummel, Peter, Braun-Lewensohn, Orna, Schechter, Daniel, Zeanah, Charles, Myers, Michael, Liebowitz, Michael, Davies, Mark, Soong, Wei-Tsuen, James, Deborah, Sofroniou, Nick, Gegelashvili, Marine, Parikh, Umesh, Kane, John M., Malhotra, Anil K., Shah, Manoj, Pleak, Richard R., Hizami, Ronen, Michelson, David, Danckaerts, Marina, Zuddas, Alessandro, Zhang, Shuyu, Hazell, Philip, Zeiner, P., Johnson, M., Häßler, Frank, Suyash, Prasad, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, Poole, Lynne, Mares, Sarah, Jureidini, Jon, Steel, Zachary, Newman, Louise, Lucas, Torsten, Paulus, Stephanie, Aßhauer, Martin, Miller, Birgit, Björn, Gunilla Jarkman, Bodén, Christina, Gustafsson, Per, Ivkic, Viola Povse, Tenjovic, Lazar, Jelena, Radosavljev, Deusic, Smiljka Popovic, Graham, Philip, Klasen, Henrikje, Tan, Jacinta, Hope, Tony, Stewart, Anne, Fitzpatrick, Raymond, Kölch, Michael, Diaz-Caneja, Angeles, Johnson, Sonia, Dippold, Ines, Keller, Katja Wiethoffi Ferdinand, Bailey, Sue, Whittle, Nathan, Hennighausen, Klaus, Kohls, Gregor, Maas, Verena, Rinker, Tanja, Zachau, Swantje, Christmann, Gabriele, Jaremkiewicz, Anna, Schecker, Michael, von Suchodoletz, Waldemar, Uwer, Ruth, Albrecht, Ronald, Glass, Lisa, Csépe, Valéria, Honbology, Ferenc, Rago, Anett, Mészdros, Eva, Schwartz, Richard G., Shafer, Valerie L., Green, Jonathan, Jacobs, C., Kroll, L., Briskman, J., Dunn, G., Beecham, J., Tobias, B., Baird, L., Ogden, Terje, Fitzgerald, Michael, Bellgrove, Mark, Gill, Michael, Robertson, Ian H., McArdle, Paul, Burke, Amanda, Hong, K. Michael, Hoven, Christina, Wasserman, Danuta, Braun, Katharina, Bock, Jórg, Helmecke, Carina, Gruß, Michael, Poeggel, Gerd, Marsden, Charles, Muchimapura, S., Pardon, M.-C., Bianchi, M., Feldon, Joram, Rüedi-Bettschen, Daniela, Dettling, Andrea C., Pryce, Christopher R., Clement, Hans-Willi, Sommer, O., Pschibul, A., Rombach, C., Gerlach, M., Mehler-Wex, Claudia, Zeiske, S., Grünblatt, E., Gille, G., Rausch, D., Gerlach, Manfred, El-Din, Amira Seif, Kadri, Nadia, Andaloussi, Houda Hjiej, Chihabeddine, Khadija, Almaqrami, Mohammed, von Gontard, Alexander, Okuno, M., Quaschner, Kurt, Bilenberg, Niels, Obel, Carsten, Henriksen, Tine Brink, Hedegaard, Morten, Secher, Niels Jurgen, Olsen, Jorn, Fonseca, Antonio, Koch, Isabelle Nathalie, Bite, Ieva, Cohen, Phyllis, Russell, Katrin, Broyden, Nichaela, Lancaster, Gillian, Eichhorn, Christina, Tiedtke, Karola, Feldman, Ronald, Warnke, Andreas, Scheuerpflug, Peter, Vetter, V., Bartling, Jürgen, Konrad, Kerstin, Neufang, Susanne, Hanisch, Charlotte, Fink, Gereon R., Durston, Sarah, Davidson, Matthew C., Tottenham, Nim, Spicer, Julie, Galvan, Adriana, Horvitz, John, Fossella, John A., Watts, Richard, Casey, B. J., Brandeis, Daniel, Fallgatter, Andreas J., Ehlis, Ann-Christine, Seifert, Jürgen, Strik, W. K., Zillessen, K. E., Herrmann, Martin J., Schulte-Körne, Gerd, Lyytinen, Heikki, Guttorm, Tomi, Poikkeus, Anna-Maija, Eklund, Kenneth M., Lyytinen, Paula, Torppa, Minna, Laakso, M.-L., Leskinen, E., Tolvanen, A., Paracchini, Silvia, Schumacher, J., König, I. R., Libertus, Claudia, Griesemann, Heide, Kleensang, A., Ziegler, A., Propping, P., Näthen, M., Wolmer, Leo, Zagout, Iyad, Galili-Weisstub, Esti, Fisch, Gene, Swillen, Ann, Vogels, Annick, Freitag, Christine, Bouville, Jean-Francois, Atlanti-Duault, Laetitia, Baubet, Thierry, Osrow, Robyn, Leplomb, Marie-Madeleine, Marchandy, Yves, Bennabi, Malika, Halpern, Ricardo, Monteiro, Odon, Durkin, Abbey-Robin, Haapanen, Rudy, Bauer, Susanne, Friedrich, Max, Stadler, Christina, Sterzer, Philipp, Kleinschmidt, Andreas, Nowraty, Irene, Müller, W. E., Knölker, Ulrich, Schmid, Gabriele, Berndt, Swantje, Behn, B., Puls, Jan Hendrik, Stevens, Luc, Jungmann, Joachim, Juretic, Zoran, Ercegovic, Nela, Schepker, Renate, Çuhadaroglu-Çetin, Füsun, Herhaus, G., Melfsen, S., Cheng, Daomeng, Harder, Donald, Laws, Harry, Nakane, Yoshibumi, Takeshita, Kenzo, Naruse, Hiroshi, Zhu, Yan, Liu, Jun, Du, Yasong, Sikorski, John, Hamerlynck, Sannie, Hart, Lisettet, Nauta-Janssen, Lucres, Chitsabesan, Prathiba, Nguyen, Hien, Simeon, Jovan, Cuzner, Cathy, Schachter, Howard, Martins, Ana Soledade, Kieling, Chirstian, Comassetto, Julia, Goncalves, Renata, Oswald, Silvia, Buchmann, Johannes, Kirschner, J., Garvey, M., Moll, Gunther, Heinrich, Hartmut, Malhotra, Sameer, Poulakis, Zeffie, Menahem, Sam, Sauer, Karin, Samia, Tilouch, Rimeh, Hannachi, Sonia, Missaoui, Allodi, Mara Westling, Biscaldi, Monica, Wagner, Bettina, Uchida, Chiyoko, Jozefiak, Thomas, Penge, Roberta, Biaggini, Valentina Ivancich, Fischbein, Siv, Joukamaa, Matti, Taanila, Anja, Veijola, Juha, Karvonen, Juha T., Miettunen, Jouko, Llaberia, Edelmira Domenech, Domenech, Teresa Corbella, Ballabriga, Maria Claustre Jane, Sanz, Josepa Canals, Esparo, Griselda, Sola, Sergi Ballespi, Liu, Xuejun, Kano, Yukiko, Ohta, Masataka, Nagai, Yoko, Arai, Takashi, Linyan, Su, Bridge, Jeff, Birmaher, Boris, Di Lorenzo, Carlo, Iyengar, Satish, Brent, David, Blanz, Bernhard, Weninger, Laura, Libal, Gerhard, Skrabal, Anna, Bowden, Michael, Cooper, Howard, Simonsen, Inger, Bechstrom, Carl, Medby, Mette, Erkolahti, Ritva, Klosinski, Gunther, Oba, Mihoko, Murase, Satomi, Murakami, Takashi, Takai, Jiro, Kaneko, Hitoshi, Honjo, Shuji, Rickards, Katrina, Weber, Annhild, Karle, Michael, Lazartigues, Alain, Planche, Pascale, Lemonnier, Eric, Pavuluri, Mani, Schenkel, Lindsay, Shaw, Ryan, Sweeny, John, Rigon, Giancarlo, Costa, Stefano, Mancaruso, Alessandra, Mansi, Roberta, Poggioli, Daniele Giovanni, Chiodo, Simona, Radobuljac, Maja, Groleger, Urban, Ovsenik, Nada, Tomori, Martina, Haas, Barbara, Denoix, Susanne, Kimmig, Franz, Weinhardt, Marc, Schmitz, Günter, Filschke, Berit, Fliegauf, Conny, Kim, Ji-Hae, Krischer, Maya, Stone, Michael H., Sevecke, Kathrin, Doepfner, Manfred, König, Cornelia, Grasmann, Dörte, Schlander, Michael, Ralston, Stephen, Pereira, R. Rodrigues, Brussel, W., Vlasveld, L., Tuynman-Qua, H. G., Lorenzo, M. J., Tauscher-Wisniewski, R., Palazzi, Stefano, Guaia, Ettore, Kolakowski, Artur, Pisula, Agnieszka, Wilens, Timothy, Banaschewski, Tobias, Uebel, Henrik, Albrecht, Björn, Robatzek, Monika, Migliaccio-Walle, Kristen, Caro, Jaime, Allen, Albert J., Sangal, R. Bart, Owens, Judith, Kelsey, Douglas, Sutton, Virginia, Schuh, Kory, Bahadir, Aliye Tugba, Yaman, Zeynep, Arman, Ayse Rodopman, Kuscu, Kemal, Yazgan, Yanki, Berkem, Meral, Feldman, Peter, Denai, Milton, Simpson, Alexander, Kratochvil, Christopher, Newcorn, Jeffrey, Biederman, Joseph, Gelowitz, Douglas, Thomason, Christine, Gao, Haitao, Bijttebier, Patricia, Decoene, Steff, Niklaus, Pia, Duits, Nils, Auer, Ulrich, Schnoor, Kathleen, Schläfke, Detlef, Çetin, Füsun Çuhadaroälu, Harper, Gordon, Hamdan, Sami, El-Haib, Muhammed, Canat, Saynur, Halfon, Olivier, Bolognini, Monique, Plancherel, B., Phan, Olivier, Corcos, Maurice, Cardinaux, Jean-René, Magistretti, Pierre J., Pierrehumbert, Blaise, Koskinen, Minna, Engqvist, Ulf, Allin, Matthew, Rifkin, Larry, Lancaster, Sandra, Borghini, Ayala, Jaugey, Laure, Forcada-Guex, Margarita, Jaunin, Lyne, Müller-Nix, Carole, Ansermet, François, Simoes, Mariada Conceicao Taborda, Lima, Luiza Nobre, Dias, Mariada Luz Vale, Siefen, Rainer Georg, Como, Ariel, Alikaj, Valbona, Tomori, Sonila, Capozzi, Flavia, Romano, Angela, Roello, Mara, Piperno, Francesca, Mann, Mali A., Stösser, Dieter, Barth, Gottfried, Pimenov, Alina, Schwab, Jenny, Bingöl, Hülya, Barbe, Rémy, Elkshishy, Heba, Jovanovic, Ana, Lakic, Aneta, Milovanovic, Vesna, Vukasinovic, Milorad, Bridge, Jeffrey, Kolko, David, Brent, David A., Gilson, Kathryn, Montague, Roslyn, Shochet, Ian, Marques, Cristina Maria Ribeiro, Cepeda, Teresa, Ligges, Carolin, Ligges, Marc, Huonker, Ralph, Leppänen, Paavo, Guttorm, Torni K., Hämäläinen, Jarmo, Puolakanaho, Anne, Plume, Ellen, König, Inke R., Deimel, Wolfgang, Nöthen, Markus M., Propping, Peter, Kleensang, André, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Ziegler, Andreas, Hong, Sung-Do David, Gao, Xueping, Li, Xuerong, Lee, Soyoung Irene, Kim, Eui-Jung, Cho, In-Hee, Kim, Ji-Hoon, Park, Se-Hyun, Choi, J-Wook, Heger, Steffen, Schreiner, Andreas, Rettig, Klaus, Medori, Rossella, Gustafsson, Peik, Hansson, Kjell, Eidevall, Lena, Thernlund, Gunilla, Heiser, Philip, Dempfle, A., Smidt, Judith, Grabarkiewicz, Justyna, Kiefl, Hans, Hemminger, U., Saar, K., Swanson, James, Volkov, Nora D., Gupta, S., Williams, L., Agler, D., Wasdell, M., Wigal, S., Martins, Silvia, Tramontina, Silza, Eizirik, Mariana, Vitiello, Benedetto, Clevenger, Walter, Faraone, Stephen, McGough, James, McCracken, James, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Greenhill, Larry, Leary, Michael, Larsson, Bo, Gunning, W. Boudewijn, Villat, Jean-Marie, O’Connell, Redmond, Bellgrove, Mark A., Dockree, Paul, Traube, Raymond, Braunschweig, Mary, Chabanier, Jacques, De Leo, Germana, Ibanez, Margerita, Mikolajaks, Olivette, Ropstad, Ida, Young, J. Gerald, Aiello, Rachele, Porcari, Viviana, Salatiello, Maria Patrizia, Lo Bue, Anna, Dell’Oglio, Valentina, Cardella, Rosaria, Chifari, Sabrina, Undheim, Anne Mari, Su, Linyan, Luo, Xuerong, Barton, Joanne, Baying, Lioba, Rellum, Thomas, Duezel, Emrah, Hinrichs, Hermann, Bartel, Christoph, Linde, Iris, Friederichs, E., Bangs, Mark, Remschmidt, Helmut, Doreleijers, Theodore, Rebernig, Elisabeth, Camerini, Giovanni Battista, Otero, Soraya, Rivas, Ana, Pombo, Guadalupe, Yeghiyan, Maruke, Kachatur, Gasparyan, Danileyan, Arman, Ivarsson, Tord, Valderhaug, Robert, Walitza, Susanne, Wewetzer, Christoph, Barth, Nikolaus, Hahn, F., Asbahr, Fernando, Castillo, Ana Regina, Ito, Ligia, Latorre, Mariado Rosario, Moreira, Michelle, Lotufo-Neto, Francisco, Symann, Sophie, Charlier, Dominique, Plattner, Belinda, Schallauer, Astrid Elisabeth, Mohler, Beat, Staub, P., Müller, Carsten, Oelkers-Ax, Rieke, Fischer, Jochen, Hermanns, Uta, Nickel, Anne, Bolay, Hans Volker, Cherro-Aguerre, Miguel, Sorensen, Merete Juul, Nissen, Judith Becker, Mors, Ole, Thomsen, Per Hove, Sund, Anne Mari, Drugli, May Britt, Wichstrom, Lars, Schwannauer, Matthias, Taylor, Emily, Wrate, Rob, Martin, Matthias, Larsson, Jan-Olov, Larsson, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, Ludolph, Andrea G., Mottaghy, Felix, Kraemer, Susanne, Claus, Dieter, Krause, Bernhard, Fegert, Jbrg M., Hurtig, Tuula, Malakhova, Anna, Maniadaki, Katerina, Kakouros, Efthymios, Jensen, Peter, Garcia, Joe Albert, Glied, Sherry, Crowe, Maura, Foster, E. Michael, Golse, Bernard, Junghanß, Jenny, Salin, Aino-Maija, Rytölä, Päivi, Hiltunen, Pauliina, Remschmidt, Helmut, editor, and Belfer, Myron L., editor

Published
2004
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15. Are Amygdalar Volume Alterations in Children with Tourette Syndrome Due to ADHD Comorbidity?

Author

Ludolph, Andrea G., Pinkhardt, Elmar H., and van Elst, Ludger Tebartz

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that changes in the basal ganglia circuitry and limbic loops may play an important role both in Tourette syndrome (TS) and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to investigate in vivo possible morphological alterations of the amygdala as a key component of the limbic system. Amygdalar and total brain volumes were measured in three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging data sets of 17 male patients with TS (mean age 11y 8mo [SD 2y]; range 9-16y) and 17 age-matched comparison children (mean age 12y 6mo (SD 2y 1mo); range 9-17y) by volume-of-interest-based volumetry. Eight members of the TS group also fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. A significant decrease in the left-hemispheric amygdalar volumes and in the proportions of amygdalar to total brain volumes was observed in members of the TS group compared with the comparison group. Amygdalar volumes did not correlate with tic severity, but with behavioural impairment and especially with symptoms of ADHD. The amygdalar volume reduction might be the pathoanatomical correlate of an impaired input of the amygdala to the striatum and frontal cortex. Future studies should investigate if the involvement of the amygdala is due to TS or rather caused by the genetically-linked most frequent comorbidity ADHD. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.)

Published
2008
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27. Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Lee, Phil H., primary, Anttila, Verneri, additional, Won, Hyejung, additional, Feng, Yen-Chen A., additional, Rosenthal, Jacob, additional, Zhu, Zhaozhong, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., additional, Nivard, Michel G., additional, Grotzinger, Andrew D., additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Wang, Meg M.-J., additional, Yu, Dongmei, additional, Stahl, Eli A., additional, Walters, Raymond K., additional, Anney, Richard J.L., additional, Duncan, Laramie E., additional, Ge, Tian, additional, Adolfsson, Rolf, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Belangero, Sintia, additional, Cook, Edwin H., additional, Coppola, Giovanni, additional, Derks, Eske M., additional, Hoekstra, Pieter J., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, additional, Kirov, George, additional, Kranzler, Henry R., additional, Luykx, Jurjen J., additional, Rohde, Luis A., additional, Zai, Clement C., additional, Agerbo, Esben, additional, Arranz, M.J., additional, Asherson, Philip, additional, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, additional, Baldursson, Gísli, additional, Bellgrove, Mark, additional, Belliveau, Richard A., additional, Buitelaar, Jan, additional, Burton, Christie L., additional, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, additional, Casas, Miquel, additional, Cerrato, Felecia, additional, Chambert, Kimberly, additional, Churchhouse, Claire, additional, Cormand, Bru, additional, Crosbie, Jennifer, additional, Dalsgaard, Søren, additional, Demontis, Ditte, additional, Doyle, Alysa E., additional, Dumont, Ashley, additional, Elia, Josephine, additional, Grove, Jakob, additional, Gudmundsson, Olafur O., additional, Haavik, Jan, additional, Hakonarson, Hakon, additional, Hansen, Christine S., additional, Hartman, Catharina A., additional, Hawi, Ziarih, additional, Hervás, Amaia, additional, Hougaard, David M., additional, Howrigan, Daniel P., additional, Huang, Hailiang, additional, Kuntsi, Jonna, additional, Langley, Kate, additional, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, additional, Leung, Patrick W.L., additional, Loo, Sandra K., additional, Martin, Joanna, additional, Martin, Alicia R., additional, McGough, James J., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Moran, Jennifer L., additional, Mors, Ole, additional, Mortensen, Preben B., additional, Oades, Robert D., additional, Palmer, Duncan S., additional, Pedersen, Carsten B., additional, Pedersen, Marianne G., additional, Peters, Triinu, additional, Poterba, Timothy, additional, Poulsen, Jesper B., additional, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, additional, Reif, Andreas, additional, Ribasés, Marta, additional, Rothenberger, Aribert, additional, Rovira, Paula, additional, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, additional, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, additional, Schachar, Russell, additional, Artigas, Maria Soler, additional, Steinberg, Stacy, additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Turley, Patrick, additional, Walters, G. Bragi, additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Zayats, Tetyana, additional, Arking, Dan E., additional, Bettella, Francesco, additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Christensen, Jane H., additional, Collins, Ryan L., additional, Coon, Hilary, additional, De Rubeis, Silvia, additional, Delorme, Richard, additional, Grice, Dorothy E., additional, Hansen, Thomas F., additional, Holmans, Peter A., additional, Hope, Sigrun, additional, Hultman, Christina M., additional, Klei, Lambertus, additional, Ladd-Acosta, Christine, additional, Magnusson, Pall, additional, Nærland, Terje, additional, Nyegaard, Mette, additional, Pinto, Dalila, additional, Qvist, Per, additional, Rehnström, Karola, additional, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Reichert, Jennifer, additional, Roeder, Kathryn, additional, Rouleau, Guy A., additional, Saemundsen, Evald, additional, Sanders, Stephan J., additional, Sandin, Sven, additional, St Pourcain, Beate, additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, Sutcliffe, James S., additional, Talkowski, Michael E., additional, Weiss, Lauren A., additional, Willsey, A. Jeremy, additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Akil, Huda, additional, Albani, Diego, additional, Alda, Martin, additional, Als, Thomas D., additional, Anjorin, Adebayo, additional, Backlund, Lena, additional, Bass, Nicholas, additional, Bauer, Michael, additional, Baune, Bernhard T., additional, Bellivier, Frank, additional, Bergen, Sarah E., additional, Berrettini, Wade H., additional, Biernacka, Joanna M., additional, Blackwood, Douglas H.R., additional, Bøen, Erlend, additional, Budde, Monika, additional, Bunney, William, additional, Burmeister, Margit, additional, Byerley, William, additional, Byrne, Enda M., additional, Cichon, Sven, additional, Clarke, Toni-Kim, additional, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., additional, Craddock, Nicholas, additional, Curtis, David, additional, Czerski, Piotr M., additional, Dale, Anders M., additional, Dalkner, Nina, additional, Dannlowski, Udo, additional, Degenhardt, Franziska, additional, Di Florio, Arianna, additional, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, additional, Etain, Bruno, additional, Fischer, Sascha B., additional, Forstner, Andreas J., additional, Forty, Liz, additional, Frank, Josef, additional, Frye, Mark, additional, Fullerton, Janice M., additional, Gade, Katrin, additional, Gaspar, Héléna A., additional, Gershon, Elliot S., additional, Gill, Michael, additional, Goes, Fernando S., additional, Gordon, Scott D., additional, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, additional, Green, Melissa J., additional, Greenwood, Tiffany A., additional, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, additional, Guzman-Parra, José, additional, Hauser, Joanna, additional, Hautzinger, Martin, additional, Heilbronner, Urs, additional, Herms, Stefan, additional, Hoffmann, Per, additional, Holland, Dominic, additional, Jamain, Stéphane, additional, Jones, Ian, additional, Jones, Lisa A., additional, Kandaswamy, Radhika, additional, Kelsoe, John R., additional, Kennedy, James L., additional, Joachim, Oedegaard Ketil, additional, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, additional, Kogevinas, Manolis, additional, Koller, Anna C., additional, Lavebratt, Catharina, additional, Lewis, Cathryn M., additional, Li, Qingqin S., additional, Lissowska, Jolanta, additional, Loohuis, Loes M.O., additional, Lucae, Susanne, additional, Maaser, Anna, additional, Malt, Ulrik F., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Martinsson, Lina, additional, McElroy, Susan L., additional, McMahon, Francis J., additional, McQuillin, Andrew, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Metspalu, Andres, additional, Millischer, Vincent, additional, Mitchell, Philip B., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Morken, Gunnar, additional, Morris, Derek W., additional, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, Mullins, Niamh, additional, Myers, Richard M., additional, Nievergelt, Caroline M., additional, Nordentoft, Merete, additional, Adolfsson, Annelie Nordin, additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Ophoff, Roel A., additional, Owen, Michael J., additional, Paciga, Sara A., additional, Pato, Carlos N., additional, Pato, Michele T., additional, Perlis, Roy H., additional, Perry, Amy, additional, Potash, James B., additional, Reinbold, Céline S., additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Rivera, Margarita, additional, Roberson, Mary, additional, Schalling, Martin, additional, Schofield, Peter R., additional, Schulze, Thomas G., additional, Scott, Laura J., additional, Serretti, Alessandro, additional, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, additional, Smeland, Olav B., additional, Stordal, Eystein, additional, Streit, Fabian, additional, Strohmaier, Jana, additional, Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., additional, Treutlein, Jens, additional, Turecki, Gustavo, additional, Vaaler, Arne E., additional, Vieta, Eduard, additional, Vincent, John B., additional, Wang, Yunpeng, additional, Witt, Stephanie H., additional, Zandi, Peter, additional, Adan, Roger A.H., additional, Alfredsson, Lars, additional, Ando, Tetsuya, additional, Aschauer, Harald, additional, Baker, Jessica H., additional, Bencko, Vladimir, additional, Bergen, Andrew W., additional, Birgegård, Andreas, additional, Perica, Vesna Boraska, additional, Brandt, Harry, additional, Burghardt, Roland, additional, Carlberg, Laura, additional, Cassina, Matteo, additional, Clementi, Maurizio, additional, Courtet, Philippe, additional, Crawford, Steven, additional, Crow, Scott, additional, Crowley, James J., additional, Danner, Unna N., additional, Davis, Oliver S.P., additional, Degortes, Daniela, additional, DeSocio, Janiece E., additional, Dick, Danielle M., additional, Dina, Christian, additional, Docampo, Elisa, additional, Egberts, Karin, additional, Ehrlich, Stefan, additional, Espeseth, Thomas, additional, Fernández-Aranda, Fernando, additional, Fichter, Manfred M., additional, Foretova, Lenka, additional, Forzan, Monica, additional, Gambaro, Giovanni, additional, Giegling, Ina, additional, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, additional, Gorwood, Philip, additional, Mayora, Monica Gratacos, additional, Guo, Yiran, additional, Halmi, Katherine A., additional, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, additional, Hebebrand, Johannes, additional, Helder, Sietske G., additional, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, additional, Herzog, Wolfgang, additional, Hinney, Anke, additional, Imgart, Hartmut, additional, Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, additional, Johnson, Craig, additional, Jordan, Jennifer, additional, Julià, Antonio, additional, Kaminská, Deborah, additional, Karhunen, Leila, additional, Karwautz, Andreas, additional, Kas, Martien J.H., additional, Kaye, Walter H., additional, Kennedy, Martin A., additional, Kim, Youl-Ri, additional, Klareskog, Lars, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., additional, Landén, Mikael, additional, Le Hellard, Stephanie, additional, Levitan, Robert D., additional, Li, Dong, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Maj, Mario, additional, Marsal, Sara, additional, McDevitt, Sara, additional, Mitchell, James, additional, Monteleone, Palmiero, additional, Monteleone, Alessio Maria, additional, Munn-Chernoff, Melissa A., additional, Nacmias, Benedetta, additional, Navratilova, Marie, additional, O’Toole, Julie K., additional, Padyukov, Leonid, additional, Pantel, Jacques, additional, Papezova, Hana, additional, Rabionet, Raquel, additional, Raevuori, Anu, additional, Ramoz, Nicolas, additional, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, additional, Ricca, Valdo, additional, Roberts, Marion, additional, Rujescu, Dan, additional, Rybakowski, Filip, additional, Scherag, André, additional, Schmidt, Ulrike, additional, Seitz, Jochen, additional, Slachtova, Lenka, additional, Slof-Op‘t Landt, Margarita C.T., additional, Slopien, Agnieszka, additional, Sorbi, Sandro, additional, Southam, Lorraine, additional, Strober, Michael, additional, Tortorella, Alfonso, additional, Tozzi, Federica, additional, Treasure, Janet, additional, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, additional, van Elburg, Annemarie A., additional, Wade, Tracey D., additional, Wagner, Gudrun, additional, Walton, Esther, additional, Watson, Hunna J., additional, Wichmann, H-Erich, additional, Woodside, D. Blake, additional, Zeggini, Eleftheria, additional, Zerwas, Stephanie, additional, Zipfel, Stephan, additional, Adams, Mark J., additional, Andlauer, Till F.M., additional, Berger, Klaus, additional, Binder, Elisabeth B., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Castelao, Enrique, additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, additional, Direk, Nese, additional, Docherty, Anna R., additional, Domenici, Enrico, additional, Domschke, Katharina, additional, Dunn, Erin C., additional, Foo, Jerome C., additional, de. Geus, E.J.C., additional, Grabe, Hans J., additional, Hamilton, Steven P., additional, Horn, Carsten, additional, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, additional, Howard, David, additional, Ising, Marcus, additional, Kloiber, Stefan, additional, Levinson, Douglas F., additional, Lewis, Glyn, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Mbarek, Hamdi, additional, Middeldorp, Christel M., additional, Mostafavi, Sara, additional, Nyholt, Dale R., additional, Penninx, Brenda WJH., additional, Peterson, Roseann E., additional, Pistis, Giorgio, additional, Porteous, David J., additional, Preisig, Martin, additional, Quiroz, Jorge A., additional, Schaefer, Catherine, additional, Schulte, Eva C., additional, Shi, Jianxin, additional, Smith, Daniel J., additional, Thomson, Pippa A., additional, Tiemeier, Henning, additional, Uher, Rudolf, additional, van der Auwera, Sandra, additional, Weissman, Myrna M., additional, Alexander, Madeline, additional, Begemann, Martin, additional, Bramon, Elvira, additional, Buccola, Nancy G., additional, Cairns, Murray J., additional, Campion, Dominique, additional, Carr, Vaughan J., additional, Cloninger, C. Robert, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Collier, David A., additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, DeLisi, Lynn E., additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Dudbridge, Frank, additional, Duan, Jubao, additional, Freedman, Robert, additional, Gejman, Pablo V., additional, Golimbet, Vera, additional, Godard, Stephanie, additional, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, additional, Hartmann, Annette M., additional, Henskens, Frans A., additional, Ikeda, Masashi, additional, Iwata, Nakao, additional, Jablensky, Assen V., additional, Joa, Inge, additional, Jönsson, Erik G., additional, Kelly, Brian J., additional, Knight, Jo, additional, Konte, Bettina, additional, Laurent-Levinson, Claudine, additional, Lee, Jimmy, additional, Lencz, Todd, additional, Lerer, Bernard, additional, Loughland, Carmel M., additional, Malhotra, Anil K., additional, Mallet, Jacques, additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, Mitjans, Marina, additional, Mowry, Bryan J., additional, Murphy, Kieran C., additional, Murray, Robin M., additional, O’Neill, F. Anthony, additional, Oh, Sang-Yun, additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Pulver, Ann E., additional, Petryshen, Tracey L., additional, Quested, Digby J., additional, Riley, Brien, additional, Sanders, Alan R., additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Schwab, Sibylle G., additional, Scott, Rodney J., additional, Sham, Pak C., additional, Silverman, Jeremy M., additional, Sim, Kang, additional, Steixner, Agnes A., additional, Tooney, Paul A., additional, van Os, Jim, additional, Vawter, Marquis P., additional, Walsh, Dermot, additional, Weiser, Mark, additional, Wildenauer, Dieter B., additional, Williams, Nigel M., additional, Wormley, Brandon K., additional, Zhang, Fuquan, additional, Androutsos, Christos, additional, Arnold, Paul D., additional, Barr, Cathy L., additional, Barta, Csaba, additional, Bey, Katharina, additional, Bienvenu, O. Joseph, additional, Black, Donald W., additional, Brown, Lawrence W., additional, Budman, Cathy, additional, Cath, Danielle, additional, Cheon, Keun-Ah, additional, Ciullo, Valentina, additional, Coffey, Barbara J., additional, Cusi, Daniele, additional, Davis, Lea K., additional, Denys, Damiaan, additional, Depienne, Christel, additional, Dietrich, Andrea, additional, Eapen, Valsamma, additional, Falkai, Peter, additional, Fernandez, Thomas V., additional, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, additional, Geller, Daniel A., additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Grados, Marco A., additional, Greenberg, Erica, additional, Grünblatt, Edna, additional, Hagstrøm, Julie, additional, Hanna, Gregory L., additional, Hartmann, Andreas, additional, Hedderly, Tammy, additional, Heiman, Gary A., additional, Heyman, Isobel, additional, Hong, Hyun Ju, additional, Huang, Alden, additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, additional, Khramtsova, Ekaterina A., additional, Kim, Young Key, additional, Kim, Young-Shin, additional, King, Robert A., additional, Koh, Yun-Joo, additional, Konstantinidis, Anastasios, additional, Kook, Sodahm, additional, Kuperman, Samuel, additional, Leventhal, Bennett L., additional, Lochner, Christine, additional, Ludolph, Andrea G., additional, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, additional, Malaty, Irene, additional, Maras, Athanasios, additional, McCracken, James T., additional, Meijer, Inge A., additional, Mir, Pablo, additional, Morer, Astrid, additional, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., additional, Münchau, Alexander, additional, Murphy, Tara L., additional, Naarden, Allan, additional, Nagy, Peter, additional, Nestadt, Gerald, additional, Nestadt, Paul S., additional, Nicolini, Humberto, additional, Nurmi, Erika L., additional, Okun, Michael S., additional, Paschou, Peristera, additional, Piras, Fabrizio, additional, Piras, Federica, additional, Pittenger, Christopher, additional, Plessen, Kerstin J., additional, Richter, Margaret A., additional, Rizzo, Renata, additional, Robertson, Mary, additional, Roessner, Veit, additional, Ruhrmann, Stephan, additional, Samuels, Jack F., additional, Sandor, Paul, additional, Schlögelhofer, Monika, additional, Shin, Eun-Young, additional, Singer, Harvey, additional, Song, Dong-Ho, additional, Song, Jungeun, additional, Spalletta, Gianfranco, additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Stewart, S Evelyn, additional, Storch, Eric A., additional, Stranger, Barbara, additional, Stuhrmann, Manfred, additional, Tarnok, Zsanett, additional, Tischfield, Jay A., additional, Tübing, Jennifer, additional, Visscher, Frank, additional, Vulink, Nienke, additional, Wagner, Michael, additional, Walitza, Susanne, additional, Wanderer, Sina, additional, Woods, Martin, additional, Worbe, Yulia, additional, Zai, Gwyneth, additional, Zinner, Samuel H., additional, Sullivan, Patrick F., additional, Franke, Barbara, additional, Daly, Mark J., additional, Bulik, Cynthia M., additional, McIntosh, Andrew M., additional, O’Donovan, Michael C., additional, Zheutlin, Amanda, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Børglum, Anders D., additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, Edenberg, Howard J., additional, Fanous, Ayman H., additional, Faraone, Stephen V., additional, Gelernter, Joel, additional, Mathews, Carol A., additional, Mattheisen, Manuel, additional, Mitchell, Karen S., additional, Neale, Michael C., additional, Nurnberger, John I., additional, Ripke, Stephan, additional, Santangelo, Susan L., additional, Scharf, Jeremiah M., additional, Stein, Murray B., additional, Thornton, Laura M., additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, Wray, Naomi R., additional, Geschwind, Daniel H., additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Kendler, Kenneth S., additional, and Smoller, Jordan W., additional

Published
2019
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28. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II

Author

Veit, Roessner, Plessen, Kerstin J., Aribert, Rothenberger, Ludolph, Andrea G., Renata, Rizzo, Liselotte, Skov, Gerd, Strand, Stern, Jeremy S., Cristiano, Termine, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Guidelines Group Androutsos, Essts C., Aschauer, H., Baird, G., Bos Veneman, N., Brambilla, A., Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Cath, D. c., Cavanna, A. e., Czernecki, V., Dehning, S., Eapter, A., Farkas, L., Gadaros, J., Hartmann, A., Hauser, E., Heyman, I., Hedderly, T., Hoekstra, P. j., Korsgaard, A., Jackson, G. m., Larsson, L., Ludolph, A. g., Martino, D., Menghetti, C., Mol Debes, N., Muller, N., Muller Vahl, K., Munchau, A., Murphy, T., Musil, R., Nagy, P., Nurnberger, J., Oostra, B., Paschou, P., Pasquini, M., Plessen, K. j., Porta, M., Rickards, H., Rizzo, R., Robertson, M. m., Roessner, V., Rothenberger, A., Servello, D., Skov, L., Stern, J. s., Strand, G., Tarnok, Z., Termine, C., Van Der Griendt, J., Verdellen, C., Visser Vandewalle, V., Wannag, E., Wolanczyck, T., Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Dresden Medical School, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Bispebjerg, Capital Region Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Sensory Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Renata Rizzo Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psichiatry, Maternal Infantile and Radiological Sciences Department, Catania University, Department of Pediatrics, Glostrup University Hospital, Norwegian Resource Center for AD/HD, Tourette Syndrome and Narcolepsy, Ullevål University Hospital, St George's Hospital Neurology, Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Roessner, V, Plessen, K, Rothenberger, A, Ludolph, A, Rizzo, R, Skov, L, Strand, G, Stern, J, Termine, C, Hoekstra, P, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cath, D, Cavanna, A, Czernecki, V, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hartmann, A, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hedderly, T, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Martino, D, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Murphy, T, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Robertson, M, Servello, D, Tarnok, Z, Van Der Griendt, J, Verdellen, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Neurochirurgie, and RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience

Subjects
Placebo-controlled study, Pharmacologic, Guideline, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL, Tourette syndrome, Pharmacologic treatment, DOUBLE-BLIND, 0302 clinical medicine, DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, Developmental and Educational Psychology, SIMPLE MOTOR TICS, Tic, Tourette, Assessment, ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, LONG-TERM TREATMENT, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, TRANSDERMAL NICOTINE, Tics, BOTULINUM TOXIN INJECTION, Psychology, guidelines, pharmacologic, tics, tourette, treatment, Antipsychotic Agents, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, Habit reversal training, RETROSPECTIVE CASE-NOTE, Guidelines, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Tourette, Treatment, medicine, Humans, Medicine & Public Health, Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Tic, Evidence-based medicine, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Tic Disorders, Treatment of Tourette syndrome, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

International audience; To develop a European guideline on pharmacologic treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS) the available literature was thoroughly screened and extensively discussed by a working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette syndrome (ESSTS). Although there are many more studies on pharmacotherapy of TS than on behavioral treatment options, only a limited number of studies meets rigorous quality criteria. Therefore, we have devised a two-stage approach. First, we present the highest level of evidence by reporting the findings of existing Cochrane reviews in this field. Subsequently, we provide the first comprehensive overview of all reports on pharmacological treatment options for TS through a MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE search for all studies that document the effect of pharmacological treatment of TS and other tic disorders between 1970 and November 2010. We present a summary of the current consensus on pharmacological treatment options for TS in Europe to guide the clinician in daily practice. This summary is, however, rather a status quo of a clinically helpful but merely low evidence guideline, mainly driven by expert experience and opinion, since rigorous experimental studies are scarce.

Published
2011
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29. De Novo Sequence and Copy Number Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder and Implicate Cell Polarity in Pathogenesis

Author

Wang, Sheng, primary, Mandell, Jeffrey D., additional, Kumar, Yogesh, additional, Sun, Nawei, additional, Morris, Montana T., additional, Arbelaez, Juan, additional, Nasello, Cara, additional, Dong, Shan, additional, Duhn, Clif, additional, Zhao, Xin, additional, Yang, Zhiyu, additional, Padmanabhuni, Shanmukha S., additional, Yu, Dongmei, additional, King, Robert A., additional, Dietrich, Andrea, additional, Khalifa, Najah, additional, Dahl, Niklas, additional, Huang, Alden Y., additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Coppola, Giovanni, additional, Mathews, Carol A., additional, Scharf, Jeremiah M., additional, Fernandez, Thomas V., additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, De Rubeis, Silvia, additional, Grice, Dorothy E., additional, Xing, Jinchuan, additional, Heiman, Gary A., additional, Tischfield, Jay A., additional, Paschou, Peristera, additional, Willsey, A. Jeremy, additional, State, Matthew W., additional, Abdulkadir, Mohamed, additional, Bodmer, Benjamin, additional, Bromberg, Yana, additional, Brown, Lawrence W., additional, Cheon, Keun-Ah, additional, Coffey, Barbara J., additional, Deng, Li, additional, Elzerman, Lonneke, additional, Fremer, Carolin, additional, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Hagstrøm, Julie, additional, Hedderly, Tammy, additional, Heyman, Isobel, additional, Hoekstra, Pieter J., additional, Hong, Hyun Ju, additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Kim, Eun-Joo, additional, Kim, Young Key, additional, Kim, Young-Shin, additional, Koh, Yun-Joo, additional, Kook, Sodahm, additional, Kuperman, Samuel, additional, Leventhal, Bennett L, additional, Ludolph, Andrea G., additional, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, additional, Maras, Athanasios, additional, Mir, Pablo, additional, Morer, Astrid, additional, Morris, Montana T, additional, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten, additional, Münchau, Alexander, additional, Murphy, Tara L., additional, Plessen, Kerstin J., additional, Poisner, Hannah, additional, Roessner, Veit, additional, Sanders, Stephan J., additional, Shin, Eun-Young, additional, Song, Dong-Ho, additional, Song, Jungeun, additional, Thackray, Joshua K., additional, Tübing, Jennifer, additional, Visscher, Frank, additional, Wanderer, Sina, additional, Wang, Sheng, additional, Willsey, A Jeremy, additional, Woods, Martin, additional, Zhang, Yeting, additional, Zinner, Samuel H., additional, Androutsos, Christos, additional, Barta, Csaba, additional, Farkas, Luca, additional, Fichna, Jakub, additional, Georgitsi, Marianthi, additional, Janik, Piotr, additional, Karagiannidis, Iordanis, additional, Koumoula, Anastasia, additional, Nagy, Peter, additional, Puchala, Joanna, additional, Rizzo, Renata, additional, Szejko, Natalia, additional, Szymanska, Urszula, additional, Tarnok, Zsanett, additional, Tsironi, Vaia, additional, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, additional, Zekanowski, Cezary, additional, Barr, Cathy L., additional, Batterson, James R., additional, Berlin, Cheston, additional, Bruun, Ruth D., additional, Budman, Cathy L., additional, Cath, Danielle C., additional, Chouinard, Sylvain, additional, Cox, Nancy J., additional, Darrow, Sabrina, additional, Davis, Lea K., additional, Dion, Yves, additional, Freimer, Nelson B., additional, Grados, Marco A., additional, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., additional, Illmann, Cornelia, additional, Kurlan, Roger, additional, Leckman, James F., additional, Lyon, Gholson J., additional, Malaty, Irene A., additional, MacMahon, William M., additional, Okun, Michael S., additional, Osiecki, Lisa, additional, Pauls, David L., additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Ramensky, Vasily, additional, Robertson, Mary M., additional, Rouleau, Guy A., additional, Sandor, Paul, additional, Singer, Harvey S., additional, Smit, Jan, additional, and Sul, Jae-Hoon, additional

Published
2018
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30. Investigation of previously implicated genetic variants in chronic tic disorders: a transmission disequilibrium test approach

Author

Abdulkadir, Mohamed, primary, Londono, Douglas, additional, Gordon, Derek, additional, Fernandez, Thomas V., additional, Brown, Lawrence W., additional, Cheon, Keun-Ah, additional, Coffey, Barbara J., additional, Elzerman, Lonneke, additional, Fremer, Carolin, additional, Fründt, Odette, additional, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Grice, Dorothy E., additional, Hedderly, Tammy, additional, Heyman, Isobel, additional, Hong, Hyun Ju, additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, additional, Jakubovski, Ewgeni, additional, Kim, Young Key, additional, Kim, Young Shin, additional, Koh, Yun-Joo, additional, Kook, Sodahm, additional, Kuperman, Samuel, additional, Leventhal, Bennett, additional, Ludolph, Andrea G., additional, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, additional, Maras, Athanasios, additional, Mir, Pablo, additional, Morer, Astrid, additional, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten, additional, Münchau, Alexander, additional, Murphy, Tara L., additional, Plessen, Kerstin J., additional, Roessner, Veit, additional, Shin, Eun-Young, additional, Song, Dong-Ho, additional, Song, Jungeun, additional, Tübing, Jennifer, additional, van den Ban, Els, additional, Visscher, Frank, additional, Wanderer, Sina, additional, Woods, Martin, additional, Zinner, Samuel H., additional, King, Robert A., additional, Tischfield, Jay A., additional, Heiman, Gary A., additional, Hoekstra, Pieter J., additional, and Dietrich, Andrea, additional

Published
2017
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31. De Novo Coding Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder

Author

Willsey, A. Jeremy, primary, Fernandez, Thomas V., additional, Yu, Dongmei, additional, King, Robert A., additional, Dietrich, Andrea, additional, Xing, Jinchuan, additional, Sanders, Stephan J., additional, Mandell, Jeffrey D., additional, Huang, Alden Y., additional, Richer, Petra, additional, Smith, Louw, additional, Dong, Shan, additional, Samocha, Kaitlin E., additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Coppola, Giovanni, additional, Mathews, Carol A., additional, Tischfield, Jay A., additional, Scharf, Jeremiah M., additional, State, Matthew W., additional, Heiman, Gary A., additional, Abdulkadir, Mohamed, additional, Bohnenpoll, Julia, additional, Bromberg, Yana, additional, Brown, Lawrence W., additional, Cheon, Keun-Ah, additional, Coffey, Barbara J., additional, Deng, Li, additional, Elzerman, Lonneke, additional, Fründt, Odette, additional, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, additional, Gedvilaite, Erika, additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Grice, Dorothy E., additional, Hagstrøm, Julie, additional, Hedderly, Tammy, additional, Heyman, Isobel, additional, Hoekstra, Pieter J., additional, Hong, Hyun Ju, additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, additional, Kim, Young Key, additional, Kim, Young-Shin, additional, Koh, Yun-Joo, additional, Kook, Sodahm, additional, Kuperman, Samuel, additional, Lamerz, Andreas, additional, Leventhal, Bennett, additional, Ludolph, Andrea G., additional, Lühr da Silva, Claudia, additional, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, additional, Maras, Athanasios, additional, Mir, Pablo, additional, Morer, Astrid, additional, Münchau, Alexander, additional, Murphy, Tara L., additional, Nasello, Cara, additional, Openneer, Thaïra J.C., additional, Plessen, Kerstin J., additional, Roessner, Veit, additional, Sanders, Stephan, additional, Shin, Eun-Young, additional, Sival, Deborah A., additional, Song, Dong-Ho, additional, Song, Jungeun, additional, Stolte, Anne Marie, additional, Sun, Nawei, additional, Tübing, Jennifer, additional, Visscher, Frank, additional, Walker, Michael F., additional, Wanderer, Sina, additional, Wang, Shuoguo, additional, Willsey, A. Jeremy, additional, Woods, Martin, additional, Zhang, Yeting, additional, Zhou, Anbo, additional, Zinner, Samuel H., additional, Barr, Cathy L., additional, Batterson, James R., additional, Berlin, Cheston, additional, Bruun, Ruth D., additional, Budman, Cathy L., additional, Cath, Danielle C., additional, Chouinard, Sylvain, additional, Cox, Nancy J., additional, Darrow, Sabrina, additional, Davis, Lea K., additional, Dion, Yves, additional, Freimer, Nelson B., additional, Grados, Marco A., additional, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., additional, Illmann, Cornelia, additional, Kurlan, Roger, additional, Leckman, James F., additional, Lyon, Gholson J., additional, Malaty, Irene A., additional, MaMahon, William M., additional, Okun, Michael S., additional, Osiecki, Lisa, additional, Pauls, David L., additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Ramensky, Vasily, additional, Robertson, Mary M., additional, Rouleau, Guy A., additional, Sandor, Paul, additional, Singer, Harvey S., additional, Smit, Jan, additional, and Sul, Jae-Hoon, additional

Published
2017
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32. Pre- and perinatal complications in relation to Tourette syndrome and co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Author

Abdulkadir, Mohamed, primary, Tischfield, Jay A., additional, King, Robert A., additional, Fernandez, Thomas V., additional, Brown, Lawrence W., additional, Cheon, Keun-Ah, additional, Coffey, Barbara J., additional, de Bruijn, Sebastian F.T.M., additional, Elzerman, Lonneke, additional, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, additional, Gilbert, Donald L., additional, Grice, Dorothy E., additional, Hagstrøm, Julie, additional, Hedderly, Tammy, additional, Heyman, Isobel, additional, Hong, Hyun Ju, additional, Huyser, Chaim, additional, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, additional, Kim, Young Key, additional, Kim, Young-Shin, additional, Koh, Yun-Joo, additional, Kook, Sodahm, additional, Kuperman, Samuel, additional, Lamerz, Andreas, additional, Leventhal, Bennett, additional, Ludolph, Andrea G., additional, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, additional, Maras, Athanasios, additional, Messchendorp, Marieke D., additional, Mir, Pablo, additional, Morer, Astrid, additional, Münchau, Alexander, additional, Murphy, Tara L., additional, Openneer, Thaïra J.C., additional, Plessen, Kerstin J., additional, Rath, Judith J.G., additional, Roessner, Veit, additional, Fründt, Odette, additional, Shin, Eun-Young, additional, Sival, Deborah A., additional, Song, Dong-Ho, additional, Song, Jungeun, additional, Stolte, Anne-Marie, additional, Tübing, Jennifer, additional, van den Ban, Els, additional, Visscher, Frank, additional, Wanderer, Sina, additional, Woods, Martin, additional, Zinner, Samuel H., additional, State, Matthew W., additional, Heiman, Gary A., additional, Hoekstra, Pieter J., additional, and Dietrich, Andrea, additional

Published
2016
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35. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part III: behavioural and psychosocial interventions

Author

Verdellen, C., Van De Griendt, J., Hartmann, A., Tara, Murphy, Essts Guidelines Group Androutsos, C., Aschauer, H., Baird, G., Bos Veneman, N., Brambilla, A., Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Cath, D. c., Cavanna, A. e., Czernecki, V., Dehning, S., Eapter, A., Farkas, L., Gadaros, J., Hauser, E., Heyman, I., Hedderly, T., Hoekstra, P. j., Korsgaard, A., Jackson, G. m., Larsson, L., Ludolph, A. g., Martino, D., Menghetti, C., Mol Debes, N., Muller, N., Muller Vahl, K., Munchau, A., Murphy, T., Musil, R., Nagy, P., Nurnberger, J., Oostra, B., Paschou, P., Pasquini, M., Plessen, K. j., Porta, M., Rickards, H., Rizzo, R., Robertson, M. m., Roessner, V., Rothenberger, A., Servello, D., Skov, L., Stern, J. s., Strand, G., Tarnok, Z., Termine, C., Van Der Griendt, J., Visser Vandewalle, V., Wannag, E., Wolanczyck, T., Verdellen, C, Van De Griendt, J, Hartmann, A, Murphy, T, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cath, D, Cavanna, A, Czernecki, V, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hedderly, T, Hoekstra, P, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Ludolph, A, Martino, D, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Plessen, K, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Rizzo, R, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rothenberger, A, Servello, D, Skov, L, Stern, J, Strand, G, Tarnok, Z, Termine, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, HSK Group/Expertise Centre Tics, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Tourette Syndrome Clinic, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Neurochirurgie, RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, and University of Groningen

Subjects
literature review, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, CHILDREN, Cochrane Library, Guideline, NEUROFEEDBACK, Tourette syndrome, THERAPY, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Behavior Therapy, ADOLESCENTS, Developmental and Educational Psychology, guidelines, behavioural treatment, Tourette, Tic disorders, Behavioural treatment, Psychosocial interventions, SUPPORTIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY, General Medicine, Tic disorder, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL, 3. Good health, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, psychosocial interventions, tic disorders, tourette, Psychology, Psychosocial, medicine.medical_specialty, Tics, Habit reversal training, RELAXATION, HABIT-REVERSAL, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychoeducation, medicine, Humans, Psychosocial intervention, Psychiatry, PEER, SUPPRESSION, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Tic Disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

International audience; This clinical guideline provides recommendations for the behavioural and psychosocial interventions (BPI) of children and adolescents with tic disorders prepared by a working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS). A systematic literature search was conducted to obtain an update on the efficacy of BPI for tics. Relevant studies were identified using computerised searches of the Medline and PsycINFO databases and the Cochrane Library for the years 1950-2010. The search identified no meta-analyses, yet twelve (systematic) reviews and eight randomised controlled trials provided evidence for the current review. Most evidence was found for habit reversal training (HRT) and the available but smaller evidence also supports the efficacy of exposure with response prevention (ERP). Both interventions are considered first line behavioural treatments for tics for both children and adults and should be offered to a patient, taking into account his preference. Treatments that are considered second line or add-on behavioural treatments are contingency management, function based interventions and relaxation training. Neurofeedback is still experimental. Almost no research was identified that examined the efficacy of psychosocial interventions, e.g., psychoeducation and group work. Based on clinical practice, this guideline recommends behavioural treatment as first line offer to patients in most cases. It should be embedded within a psychoeducational and supportive context and can be combined with drug treatment.

Published
2011
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36. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part IV: Deep brain stimulation

Author

Muller Vahl, K. r., Cath, Danielle C., Cavanna, Andrea E., Sandra, Dehning, Mauro, Porta, Robertson, Mary M., Veerle Visser Vandewalle, Essts Guidelines Group Androutsos, C., Aschauer, H., Baird, G., Bos Veneman, N., Brambilla, A., Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Cath, D. c., Cavanna, A. e., Czernecki, V., Dehning, S., Eapter, A., Farkas, L., Gadaros, J., Hartmann, A., Hauser, E., Heyman, I., Hedderly, T., Hoekstra, P. j., Korsgaard, A., Jackson, G. m., Larsson, L., Ludolph, A. g., Martino, D., Menghetti, C., Mol Debes, N., Muller, N., Muller Vahl, K., Munchau, A., Murphy, T., Musil, R., Nagy, P., Nurnberger, J., Oostra, B., Paschou, P., Pasquini, M., Plessen, K. j., Porta, M., Rickards, H., Rizzo, R., Robertson, M. m., Roessner, V., Rothenberger, A., Servello, D., Skov, L., Stern, J. s., Strand, G., Tarnok, Z., Termine, C., Van Der Griendt, J., Verdellen, C., Visser Vandewalle, V., Wannag, E., Wolanczyck, T., University of Groningen, Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University/Altrecht Academic Anxiety Outpatient Services, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Movement Disorders and Tourette Centre, Department of Mental Health Sciences, UCL, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Maastricht, Neurochirurgie, RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Muller-Vahl, K, Cath, D, Cavanna, A, Dehning, S, Porta, M, Robertson, M, Visser-Vandewalle, V, and the ESSTS Guidelines, G

Subjects
Pediatrics, Tic, Tourette, Deep Brain Stimulation, Treatment, ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS, SURGERY, medicine.medical_treatment, DBS, Guideline, Tourette syndrome, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Deep brain stimulation, THALAMIC-STIMULATION, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, Tics, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS, Context (language use), IMPROVEMENT, Guidelines, PATIENT SELECTION, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Tourette, Psychiatry, GLOBUS-PALLIDUS INTERNUS, Tic, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, GPI, Supportive psychotherapy, Tic Disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

International audience; Ten years ago deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been introduced as an alternative and promising treatment option for patients suffering from severe Tourette syndrome (TS). It seemed timely to develop a European guideline on DBS by a working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS). For a narrative review a systematic literature search was conducted and expert opinions of the guidelines group contributed also to the suggestions. Of 63 patients reported so far in the literature 59 had a beneficial outcome following DBS with moderate to marked tic improvement. However, randomized controlled studies including a larger number of patients are still lacking. Although persistent serious adverse effects (AEs) have hardly been reported, surgery-related (e.g., bleeding, infection) as well as stimulation-related AEs (e.g., sedation, anxiety, altered mood, changes in sexual function) may occur. At present time, DBS in TS is still in its infancy. Due to both different legality and practical facilities in different European countries these guidelines, therefore, have to be understood as recommendations of experts. However, among the ESSTS working group on DBS in TS there is general agreement that, at present time, DBS should only be used in adult, treatment resistant, and severely affected patients. It is highly recommended to perform DBS in the context of controlled trials.

Published
2011
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43. Atomoxetine affects transcription/translation of the NMDA receptor and the norepinephrine transporter in the rat brain – an in vivo study

Author

Udvardi,Patrick T, Föhr,Karl J, Henes,Carolin, Liebau,Stefan, Dreyhaupt,Jens, Boeckers,Tobias M, Ludolph,Andrea G, Udvardi,Patrick T, Föhr,Karl J, Henes,Carolin, Liebau,Stefan, Dreyhaupt,Jens, Boeckers,Tobias M, and Ludolph,Andrea G

Abstract

Patrick T Udvardi,1,2 Karl J Föhr,3 Carolin Henes,1,2 Stefan Liebau,2 Jens Dreyhaupt,4 Tobias M Boeckers,2 Andrea G Ludolph11Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 2Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3Department of Anaesthesiology, 4Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyAbstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder. The norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor atomoxetine, the first nonstimulant drug licensed for ADHD treatment, also acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist. The compound's effects on gene expression and protein levels of NET and NMDAR subunits (1, 2A, and 2B) are unknown. Therefore, adolescent Sprague Dawley rats were treated with atomoxetine (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection [ip]) or saline (0.9%, ip) for 21 consecutive days on postnatal days (PND) 21–41. In humans, atomoxetine's earliest clinical therapeutic effects emerge after 2–3 weeks. Material from prefrontal cortex, striatum (STR), mesencephalon (MES), and hippocampus (HC) was analyzed either directly after treatment (PND 42) or 2 months after termination of treatment (PND 101) to assess the compound's long-term effects. In rat brains analyzed immediately after treatment, protein analysis exhibited decreased levels of the NET in HC, and NMDAR subunit 2B in both STR and HC; the transcript levels were unaltered. In rat brains probed 2 months after final atomoxetine exposure, messenger RNA analysis also revealed significantly reduced levels of genes coding for NMDAR subunits in MES and STR. NMDAR protein levels were reduced in STR and HC. Furthermore, the levels of two SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins, synaptophysin and synaptosomal-associated protein 25, were also significantly altered in both treatment groups. This in vivo

Published
2013

44. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part I: assessment

Author

Cath, Danielle C, Hedderly, Tammy, Ludolph, Andrea G, Stern, Jeremy S, Murphy, Tara, Hartmann, Andreas, Czernecki, Virginie, Robertson, Mary May, Martino, Davide, Munchau, A, Rizzo, R, Plessen, Kerstin J, Skov, Liselotte, Cath, Danielle C, Hedderly, Tammy, Ludolph, Andrea G, Stern, Jeremy S, Murphy, Tara, Hartmann, Andreas, Czernecki, Virginie, Robertson, Mary May, Martino, Davide, Munchau, A, Rizzo, R, Plessen, Kerstin J, and Skov, Liselotte

Abstract

A working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) has developed the first European assessment guidelines of Tourette Syndrome (TS). The available literature including national guidelines was thoroughly screened and extensively discussed in the expert group of ESSTS members. Detailed clinical assessment guidelines of tic disorders and their comorbidities in both children and adults are presented. Screening methods that might be helpful and necessary for specialists’ differential diagnosis process are suggested in order to further analyse cognitive abilities, emotional functions and motor skills. Besides clinical interviews and physical examination, additional specific tools (questionnaires, checklists and neuropsychological tests) are recommended., A working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) has developed the first European assessment guidelines of Tourette Syndrome (TS). The available literature including national guidelines was thoroughly screened and extensively discussed in the expert group of ESSTS members. Detailed clinical assessment guidelines of tic disorders and their comorbidities in both children and adults are presented. Screening methods that might be helpful and necessary for specialists' differential diagnosis process are suggested in order to further analyse cognitive abilities, emotional functions and motor skills. Besides clinical interviews and physical examination, additional specific tools (questionnaires, checklists and neuropsychological tests) are recommended.

Published
2011

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