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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ajs-10.1177_03635465221145958 for Evaluation of the Potential of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cell–Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles to Improve Rotator Cuff Healing: A Pilot Ovine Study by Florien Jenner, Andrea Wagner, Iris Gerner, Eberhard Ludewig, Robert Trujanovic, Eva Rohde, Brigitte von Rechenberg, Mario Gimona and Andreas Traweger in The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Introduction / Purpose: Gas accumulation in canine intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration, called vacuum phenomenon (VP), is a common CT finding and it is very different in density from degenerative calcification. In MRI, gas and calcification both cause a signal void. This study aims to establish the prevalence of canine IVD MRI signal void without matching CT IVD calcification.Methods:This is a retrospective multicenter study. Imaging archives were searched for matching canine spinal CT and MRI examinations (same segment, acquisition within 24 hours). Sagittal T2 series, presence of mineralization or gas in the IVD in CT were inclusion criteria. In CT, the presence of IVD mineralisation and VP and in MRI the presence and pixel value of MRI IVD signal void were recorded.Results:Sixteen cases were included in each VP and calcification group based on the CT findings (gold standard). In MRI, all cases showed an IVD signal void area. One-Way ANOVA showed no statistical difference in pixel value of the signal void areas between both groups (P-value> 0.05).Discussion / Conclusion:MRI T2 signal void areas in the canine IVD are not necessarily due to calcification, they can represent VP. IVD calcification, but not VP, is associated with one particular type of IVD degeneration (Hansen-Type-1) with specific clinical signs and prognosis. Therefore, VP and thereby other types of IVD degeneration should be considered when identifying MRI signal void in the canine IVD.

OBJECTIVE: Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare malignant intranasal tumor that originates from the olfactory neuroepithelium of the upper nasal cavity, and can destroy the cribriform plate and expand into the neurocranium. Descriptions of the magnetic resonance features of esthesioneuroblastomas in animals are scarce. The objectives of this study were to report the magnetic resonance imaging features of esthesioneuroblastomas in order to determine distinct imaging characteristics that may help distinguish it from other intracranial tumor types. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Magnetic resonance images of four patients with confirmed esthesioneuroblastomas were reviewed and compared with previously reported cases. RESULTS: The esthesioneuroblastomas appeared as oval-shaped, solitary lesions in the caudal nasal cavity that caused osteolysis of the cribriform plate and extended into the brain in all cases. Signal intensity was variable. Contrast enhancement was mild and varied from homogeneous to heterogeneous. A peripheral cystic component was found in two patients and was reported in only one previous case. Mass effect and white matter edema were marked to severe. Osteolysis of facial bones and extension into the facial soft tissues or retrobulbar space were not present in any of the cases, although this has been reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: A definitive diagnosis of esthesioneuroblastoma based on signal intensity or contrast behavior was not possible. Nevertheless, the presence of a mass in the caudal nasal cavity with extension into the neurocranium seems to be a feature highly suspicious of esthesioneuroblastoma. In contrast to other extra-cranial lesions, the extra-cranial mass was relatively small and destruction of facial bones seems to be rare.

A 5-year-old domestic short-haired spayed female cat was presented for abdominal pain and suspended defecation. Abdominal radiographs confirmed constipation; abdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic oval structure attached to the colon. The structure exhibited a well-defined wall, composed of three layers. Its content was mildly echogenic and inhomogeneous. Laparotomy was performed and complete resection of the structure, and of part of the colon, was required (end-to-end anastomosis). Histopathology confirmed the structure to be a cystic formation of the colon with some areas of mucosal metaplasia. However the question whether the cystic structure was consistent with an intestinal duplication cyst - which is the most likely type of cyst in this particular case - a Meckel's diverticulum remnant, a vitelline duct cyst or a cystic diverticulum of the colon could not be resolved. Postoperatively, no further other episode of constipation occurred.