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Heavy metals may be harmful to human health over the short and long term. Consumption of fish, one of the most important sources of protein in human life is one of the most common ways of heavy metal exposure. In this study for determine some heavy metals (Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Pb and U) concentration in different tissues as muscle, liver and gill of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L., 1758) and pike barb (Luciobarbus esocinus, H., 1843) collected from Karasu River (Erzincan, Turkey) along the upper Euphrates Basin were collected between November 2019 and October 2020 on monthly. Heavy metal analysis was performed by ICP-MS -Bruker 820-MS. The results of heavy metals in tissues were compared to acceptable international limits. The studied metals were found at a considerable level in all seasons, indicating that the Karasu River biota is particularly vulnerable to heavy metal intake. Consequently, research has shown a strong connection between various elements and in addition, the human health risk assessment (HHRA) reveals are hazardous for consumption of fish.

The present study was aimed to evaluate shelf life of Pike Barbell (Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843) experimental samples of fish finger, that ordinarily packed and stored at 4±1°C. Together with the control group, three experimental groups fish finger were obtained with the addition of the goji berry extract into this content by 1% and 2%. According to the findings obtained in this study, it was concluded that fish fingers with goji berry addition had a positive effect on chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities and this study could also establish a basis for many scientific studies with the application of herbal extracts used in experimental samples on various fish products in more different concentration.

In this study, a total of 86 (31♀♀, 55♂♂) cyprinid specimens belonging to the species, Luciobarbus mystaceus, Arabibarbus grypus, Luciobarbus esocinus and Carasobarbus luteus, were collected from the Tigris River near Cizre town. The size (as centroid size) and shape of scale separately were analyzed by 2D geometric morphometric methods. The size and shape of species were different but not for sex, according to ANOVA. Mahalonobis length of CVA results shows that only the difference between Luciobarbus esocinus and Carasobarbus luteus was not significant. DFA results based on T2 all species scale shape differences were significant except Luciobarbus esocinus and Carasobarbus luteus., Bu çalışmada, Cizre ilçesi yakınlarındaki Dicle Nehri'nden Luciobarbus mystaceus, Arabibarbus grypus, Luciobarbus esocinus ve Carasobarbus luteus türlerine ait toplam 86 (31♀♀, 55♂♂) cyprinid örneği toplanmış ve büyüklüğü (centroid olarak) boyut ve pul şekli ayrı ayrı 2D geometrik morfometrik yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir. Türlerin boyutu ve şekli farklıydı, ancak ANOVA'ya göre cinsiyet için farklı değildi. CVA sonuçlarının Mahalonobis mesafesine göre, sadece Luciobarbus esocinus ve Carasobarbus luteus arasındaki farkın anlamlı olmadığını göstermektedir. Luciobarbus esocinus ve Carasobarbus luteus dışında T2'ye dayalı DFA sonuçları tüm türlerin pul şekil farklılıkları önemliydi.

In this study, the chemical, microbiological and sensory changes during storage at 2 ± 1 °C of Luciobarbus esocinus fillets coated with edible films prepared with chitosan incorporation of thyme, clove, rosemary essential oils were examined. To create the experimental samples, a total of six groups of L. esocinus fillets coated with different edible films (normal, vacuum-packed, chitosan, chitosan with added thyme oil, chitosan with added clove oil, and chitosan with added rosemary) were used. The food composition of the fillets and experimental samples were determined after they had been coated with edible films. The results of analysis showed that, the preservation period of fresh fillets ended on day 12th, that of vacuum-packed fillets on day 15th, that of fillets coated with chitosan incorporation of rosemary on day 27th, that of fillets coated with chitosan incorporation of thyme and chitosan incorporation of cloves on day 30th. In comparison with the control group, fish spoilage was significantly delayed in samples coated with chitosan incorporation of thyme and chitosan incorporation of cloves (p

Bu çalışmada Luciobarbus esocinus’un karaciğer, dalak, kas ve böbrek dokularında oksidatif stres olarak lipid peroksidasyon (malondialdehit-MDA), vitamin E (VE), A (VA), C (VC) ve β-karoten (βC) seviyeleri araştırıldı. Çalışmada kullanılan balık örnekleri Ağustos ayında Keban Baraj Gölü’nden yakalandı. Analizler yüksek performanslı likit kromotografisinde yapıldı (HPLC). Veriler SPSS 21’deIndependent-Sample T and Duncan Testi’nde analiz edildi. Genel olarak analiz yapılan parametrelerin düzeyleri erkek ve dişilerin böbrek ve kasına göre karaciğer ve dalağında daha yüksekti. Karaciğer ve böbrekteki VE, VC ve βC seviyeleri erkeklere göre dişilerde daha düşüktü. Dalaktaki VC seviyesi dişiye göre erkekte daha yüksekti. Kastaki VA seviyesi dişiye göre erkeklerde daha düşüktü. Fakat bu dokudaki βC’nin seviyesi dişiye göre erkekte daha yüksekti. Bunlara ilave olarak bütün dokulardaki MDA seviyesi cinsiyete göre farklılık göstermedi. In the study was investigated the levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) as oxidative stress, vitamin E (VE), A (VA), C (VC) and β-carotene (βC) in liver, spleen, muscle and kidney tissues of Luciobarbus esocinus. The fish samples used in this study was catched from Keban Dam Lake (Elazıg-Turkey) at August. Analyzes were made in High Performance Liquid Chromotograph (HPLC). The data were analyzed with an Independent-Sample T Test in SPSS 21. It was determined that the levels of parameters analysed was generally higher in liver and spleen compared to kidney and muscle of female and male. The VE, VC and βC levels in liver and kidney were lower in female than male. The levels of VC in spleen were higher in male according to female. The VA level in muscle was lower in male than female, but the level of βC in this tissues was higher in male according to female. Moreover, the MDA level wasn’t different according to sex.

In various tissues of Luciobarbus esocinus, Cyprinus carpio, and Carassius gibelio which were taken from Keban Dam Lake Pertek region's freshwaters, Turkey in January-February 2016, concentrations of mercury, nickel, lead, cadmium, arsenic, manganese, chromium, and cobalt were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion. In fish muscle mean chromium concentration (0.614 mg kg

In this study, the concentrations of some heavy metals were determined in the muscle of Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843 and in water where they live. The results were evaluated in term of potential human risk of consumption of this fish and the relationship between the heavy metal load of fish and some of their biological aspects (weight, length and sex). In addition, the accumulation factor of heavy metals in the muscle of L. esocinus were also determined. The Cr, Pb and Ni were not found in detectable levels according to results obtained by ICP. Only Cu, Zn and Fe were detected. It was found that heavy metals concentrations in the muscle of L. esocinus were higher than that in the water. The concentration of heavy metals showed differences according to weight, length and sex of fish. The results were discussed and compared with tolerable values for heavy metals provided from the EPA, FAO and WHO in order to determine whether this fish species has any risk for human consumption.

The present study was aimed to demonstrate the molecular diversity for twenty seven adult freshwater fish including nine species belong to family cyprinidae, have been collected in Dukan Lake, Kurdistan region. And muscle tissue has been collected for DNA sequencing. DNA sequencing results showed that all studied species belong to family cyprinidae and degree of phylogeny relationship with this family including Carasobarbus luteus with a BP of 87 %, Chondrostoma regium, Cyprinus carpio and Carassius carassius with a BP of 75 %, Cyprinion macrostomum, Luciobarbus esocinus, Capoeta trutta and Luciobarbus xanthopterus with a BP of 90%, Barbus grypus with a BP of 76%. It has been clouded the eighth clad contained B. grypus which they diverged of Luciobarbus species but still related to Barbus . So, the Barbus in Iraq is polyphyletic group.

This study was conducted to obtain preliminary data on the possibility of breeding this species through artificial insemination and to determine the incubation period at different temperatures (degrees C) of hatchery water [20 (A1), 22 (A2), 25 (A3) and 26 (A4); (+/- 1)] and to determine the morphological and larval growth parameters of L. esocinus. The blastoderm formed an embryonic shield 43 h (A1 and A2) and 36 h (A3 and A4) after insemination. The eggs hatched after 113 h (A1 and A2) and 61.5 h (A3 and A4) after insemination, and new larvae were observed. Exposing the newly fertilized eggs to various temperatures during the incubation period resulted in significantly longer duration of embryo formation, egg hatching and yolk sac consumption (h) at 20 degrees C and 22 degrees C than at 25 degrees C and 26 degrees C (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between eggs exposed to 20 degrees C and 22 degrees C and those exposed to 25 degrees C and 26 degrees C (P > 0.05). However, significant differences in day-degree of hatching were observed among all the groups (P < 0.05).

In this study, the effects of the different concentrations of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on the shelf life of hot-smoked and vacuum-packed Luciobarbus esocinus fillets were investigated in terms of its microbiological, chemical and sensory quality. The results showed that rosemary extract had a significant effect on lactic acid bacteria, psychrophile bacteria, yeast-mold, thiobarbituric acid and peroxide value during storage (P

This study was carried out in Luciobarbus esocinus obtained from Keban Reservoir (Elazığ) between March 2008 and October 2009. During the research, it was determined that the percentage of male, female and undefined individuals from 187 L. esocinus were 45.455%, 37.433% and 17.112% respectively. The ages of population were distributed between I and XVII. The lengths of the individuals ranged from 23.0 to 112.4 cm and the weight of them ranged from 118 to 18042 g. The length and weight equation for population was determined as Wall individuals = 0.0057TL3.2187 (n= 187, r= 0.98). The highest GSI values of both sexed were obtained in March and these values were decreased rapidly after this month. It was determined that the condition factor increased until age 5 and then, it decreased respectively., Bu çalışma, Mart 2008-Ekim 2009 tarihleri arasında Elazığ Keban Baraj Gölü’nden yakalanan Luciobarbus esocinus bireyleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma süresince yakalanan 187 adet L. esocinus bireyinin % 17,112’sini eşeyi belirsiz, % 45,455’ini erkek, %37,433’ünü ise dişi bireylerin oluşturduğu ve populasyonun I-XVII yaĢ grupları arasında dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Populasyon genelinde total boy değerlerinin 23,0-112,4 cm arasında, ağırlık değerlerinin de 118-18042 g arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Populasyon genelinde boy-ağırlık arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklayan denklem Wtüm bireyler = 0,0057TL3,2187 olarak saptanmıştır (n= 187, r = 0,98). GSİ değerlerinin her iki eşeyde de mart ayında en üst seviyeye çıktığı bu aydan itibaren ise hızla düşüş gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Kondisyon faktörü değerlerinin de 5. yaşa kadar arttığı, bu yaştan sonra ise düşmeye başladığı saptanmıştır.

A study was conducted to determine the selectivity of monofilament gillnets with mesh sizes of 50, 60, and 70 mm that are used in Keban Dam Lake for fishing Luciobarbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843). During the study, a total of 394 L. esocinus were caught. Selectivity parameters were estimated using the indirect estimation method developed by Holt (1963). Optimum selection lengths for L. esocinus were calculated to be 36.61, 43.94 and 51.26 cm for gillnets with mesh sizes of 50, 60, and 70 mm, respectively. Common selectivity factor was estimated to be 7.32, with standard deviation 4.58. Length at first maturity of female L. esocinus (50 cm) was compared to the optimum selection lengths of gillnets with mesh sizes of 50, 60, and 70 mm. Results indicate that gillnets with mesh size of 70 mm would be appropriate for harvesting L. esocinus in the Keban Dam Lake, as the optimum selection length (51.26 cm) is greater than length at first maturity.

Bu çalışmada, kitosan ve kekik, karanfil, biberiye esansiyel yağları ile hazırlanan yenilebilir filmlerle kaplanmış Luciobarbus esocinus filetolarının 2±1°C'de muhafazası esnasında kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal değişimleri incelenmiştir. Deneysel örneklerin oluşturulması için Luciobarbus esocinus filetoları normal, vakum paketleme, kitosan, kekik yağı ilaveli kitosan, karanfil yağı ilaveli kitosan ve biberiye yağı ilaveli kitosan yenilebilir filmleri ile kaplanarak toplamda 6 grup (A, B, C, D, E ve F) elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan fileto ve deneysel örneklerin filmle kaplama işleminden sonra besin kompozisyonu (nem, ham protein, ham yağ ve ham kül) belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada incelenen örneklerin 2±1°C'deki muhafazası süresince üç günde bir kimyasal (pH, TVB-N, Peroksit sayısı, TBA), mikrobiyolojik (Toplam mezofilik aerob, toplam anaerob bakteriler, toplam psikrofilik aerob, laktobacillus, lipolitik, maya ve küf, koliform grubu bakterilerin sayımı) ve duyusal (Renk, koku, gevreklik, görünüş, lezzet, genel beğeni) olarak analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma üç tekerrürlü, analizler iki paralel olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.Yapılan analizler neticesinde, taze filetoların 12. günde, vakum paketlenmiş filetoların 15. günde, kitosanla ve biberiye ilaveli kitosan ile kaplanmış filetoların 27. günde, kekik ilaveli ve karanfil ilaveli kitosan ile kaplanmış filetoların ise 30. günde muhafaza süreleri sona ermiştir. Sonuç olarak, kitosan yenilebilir filmlerin içerisine esansiyel yağların da ilave edilmesiyle ürünün raf ömrü üzerinde olumlu etki gösterdiği, özellikle kekik ve karanfil eklenmiş kitosan yenilebilir filmlerin bu konuda kayda değer olduğu ve ürünün kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal kalitesi üzerine olumlu etki gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kitosan, Yenilebilir Film, Luciobarbus esocinus, Kekik, Karanfil, Biberiye In this study, it was examined the chemical, microbiological and sensory changes during storage 2±1°C of the coated with edible films prepared with chitosan and thyme, clove, rosemary essential oils Luciobarbus esocinus fillets were examined. To create experimental samples, a total of six groups, coated with edible films normal, vacuum packed, chitosan, thyme oil added chitosan, clove oil added chitosan, rosemary oil added chitosan to Luciobarbus esocinus fillets were used. The food composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash) of fillets and experimental samples were determined after coated with films.During storage in 2±1°C, the samples were analyzed in every three days period as chemical (pH, TVB-N, number of peroxide, TBA), microbiological (Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total anaerobic bacteria, total pisikrofilik aerobic, laktobacillus, lipolytic, yeast and mold, coliform bacteria) and sensory (Colour, odor, texture, appearance, flavor, general acceptable). This study was performed as three replications, in two parallel analyses.The result of analyzes showed that, preservation period has ended fresh fillets in day 12, vacuum packed fillets in day 15, those coated fillets with chitosan and rosemary supplemented chitosan in day 27, those coated fillets with thyme addition and cloves supplemented chitosan in day 30.As a result, it was observed that addition of essential oil to chitosan edible films showed a positive effect on the shelf life of product, especially on thyme and cloves added edible chitosan films and showed a positive effect on the chemical, microbiological and sensory quality of the product.Keywords: Chitosan, Edible Film, Luciobarbus esocinus, Thyme, Cloves, Rosemary. 130

Summary In this study the length–weight relationships (LWRs) for two fish species, Alburnus mossulensis and Luciobarbus esocinus, were analyzed based on seasonal samplings from 2013 and 2014. The specimens were collected by cast- and dip net from the Karun River Basin in the Zagros Mountains, Iran. The b values in the LWRs were determined as 2.9996 for A. zagrosensis and 2.6546 for L. esocinus.

Bu çalışmada, Keban Baraj Gölü?nden elde edilen Luciobarbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843) balıkları vakum pişirme yöntemine göre hazırlandıktan sonra +2ºC?de muhafaza edilmiştir. Ham materyalde nem, kül, yağ, protein, tuz, pH, TVB-N, TBA sayısı, toplam aerob mikroorganizma (5 ºC ve 30 ºC inkübasyon sıcaklığında) ve maya-küf sayıları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen ürünlerin soğuk depolama koşullarında duyusal, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik değişimleri incelenmiş ve analizler 3 günde bir, çalışma üç tekrarlı olarak yapılmıştır.Kimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildiğinde; farklı pişirme sıcaklıkları uygulanan örneklerde belirlenen nem, protein, yağ ve kül miktarı bakımından gruplar arasındaki farklılığın önemli olmadığı tespit edilirken (p>0,05), muhafaza süresince gruplar arasındaki farklılığın pH, TVB-N bakımından önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (p0,05).Duyusal analizlerden elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde vakum pişirme yöntemine göre hazırlanan ürünlerin beğeni kazandığı anlaşılmaktadır.Sonuç olarak çalışmada yapılan analizler neticesinde elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde balıklara uygulanan vakum pişirme teknolojisinin raf ömrü üzerinde olumlu etki gösterdiği kanaatine varılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Luciobarbus esocinus, Vakum Pişirme, Soğuk Muhafaza, Raf Ömrü In this study, Luciobarbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843) caught from Keban Dam Lake were prepared by sous vided method and storaged at +2º C. Moisture, ash, fat, protein, salt, pH, TVB-N, TBA numbers, total aerob microorganisms and yeast-mold numbers were determined in raw material. The products obtained from the study were evaluated sensory, chemical, and microbiological and the analysis were repeated in three days period with 3 replicates.As the datas obtained from the result of chemical analys evaluated statistically; the differences between of moisture, protein, fat and ash different cooking temperature treated samples groups were found unsignificant (P>0,05). pH, TVB-N values of groups during storage period was found significant (p0,05).As the data results obtained from sensory analysis examined, the products have got beter taste than sous vided method.It was concluded that as the analysis results of this study evaluated, the sous vided techology applied to fish has got a possitive affect on shelf life of products.Key Words: Luciobarbus esocinus, Sous-Vide, Cold Storage, Shelf Life 71

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Keban Baraj Gölü’nde Luciobarbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843) avcılığında kullanılan 50, 60 ve 70 mm göz açıklığındaki monofilament galsama ağlarının seçiciliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Metot: Bu çalışmanın avcılık operasyonları 2012 yılının Ocak-Mayıs ayları arasında, Keban Baraj Gölü’nde yürütülmüştür. Örnekler 50, 60 ve 70 mm ağ göz genişliğindeki (iki düğüm arası mesafe) galsama ağlarıyla yakalanmıştır. Her biri 100 m uzunluğunda olan ağlar monofilament poliamid materyalden yapılmışlardır. İp kalınlıkları 0,27 mm ve derinliğine göze sayıları 50 olan ağlar 0,5 donam faktörüne göre donatılmışlardır. Çalışma süresince 42 avcılık denemesi yapılmış ve 394 adet Luciobarbus esocinus yakalanmıştır. Seçicilik parametreleri dolaylı tahmin metodu kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Metot, iki farklı ağ göz büyüklüğü ile yakalanan balıkların boy dağılımlarının doğal logaritması ile balık boyları arasındaki lineer ilişkiyi göstermektedir. Sonuçlar ve Tartışma: L. esocinus avcılığı için 50, 60 ve 70 mm göz genişliğindeki galsama ağlarının optimum yakalama boyları sırasıyla 36,61; 43,94 ve 51,26 cm olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ortak seçicilik faktörü 7,32 olarak tahmin edilmiş ve standart sapması 4,58 olarak bulunmuştur. Luciobarbus esocinus’un ilk üreme boyu (50 cm) ile avcılıkta kullanılan 50, 60 ve 70 mm göz genişliğindeki ağların optimum yakalama boyları karşılaştırılmıştır. Buna göre, 50 ve 60 mm göz açıklığına sahip ağların Keban Baraj Gölü’nde Luciobarbus esocinus stokları üzerinde bir av baskısı oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. 70 mm göz genişliğindeki ağlar ise böyle bir sorun oluşturmamaktadır.

Summary Length–weight relationships (LWR) are presented for five commercial freshwater fish species (Luciobarbus esocinus, Heckel, 1843; Capoeta trutta, Heckel, 1843; Barbus lacerta, Heckel, 1843; Luciobarbus mystaceus, Pallas, 1814 and Capoeta umbla, Heckel, 1843) collected from Keban Dam Lake located in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Studied samples were obtained between July and December 2008 using commercial gill nets. For each species the sample size, length range, weight range, length-weight relationships, 95% confidence intervals of a and b, coefficient of correlation and growth type are given. Values of b were between 2.915 (Luciobarbus esocinus) and 3.079 (Copoeta trutta) and r2 values from 0.919 (Copoeta trutta) to 0.987 (Barbus lacerta) in the study. New maximum length and length–weight relationships are reported for Barbus lacerta and Luciobarbus mystaceus.