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Pacientes com doença de Parkinson frequentemente experimentam sinais motores e sintomas não motores ocasionados pela doença. A estimulação cerebral profunda do Núcleo Subtalâmico (NST) ou de suas bordas ventral ou dorsal é uma das opções de tratamento indicada para tratar sintomas refratários dessa doença. No entanto, ainda não se sabe qual a borda que, ao ser estimulada, gera mais efeitos benéficos a esses pacientes, sendo esse o objetivo dessa revisão sistemática. Para responder essa questão foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas e manuais em cinco bancos de dados e na literatura cinzenta para identificar estudos que abordassem essa temática. Foram executados a seleção dos estudos, extração de dados e análise do risco de viés dos estudos incluídos. No total, sete artigos foram selecionados para comporem o estudo. A maioria dos estudos apresentou baixo risco de viés, sendo que a principal limitação metodológica deles se relacionou com os critérios de inclusão da amostra. A estimulação da borda dorsal ou ventral do NST resultou na melhora dos sinais motores da doença de Parkinson, com alguns dos estudos inclusos com tendência para a escolha da estimulação da borda dorsal para melhores efeitos motores, enquanto a melhora dos sintomas não motores e do controle inibitório foi devido à estimulação da borda ventral. Os achados sugerem que a melhora dos sinais motores da doença de Parkinson pode ser ocasionada ao estimular a borda dorsal ou ventral do Núcleo subtalâmico, enquanto os sintomas não motores, como a ansiedade, melhoram com a estimulação da borda ventral.

Monimiaceae comprises approximately 26 genera and 250 species, with a pantropical distribution, predominantly occurring in humid forests. In Brazil, it is represented by five genera and 47 species, most of which are found in the Atlantic Forest, particularly in dense ombrophilous forest. Nevertheless, studies on this family in other biomes and vegetation types in Brazil are still scarce. The Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), a region located in the state of Minas Gerais, exhibits high plant species richness and endemism. During collections and analysis of herbarium materials from this region, some specimens of Mollinedia caught our attention due to a combination of characteristics that do not match those of any described species within the genus. For this reason, we describe this new taxon and assess its risk of extinction. Additionally, we review the occurrences of Monimiaceae in the QF and provide maps of its geographical distribution. With the description of this new species, the region now hosts eight species of Monimiaceae, two from the genus Macropeplus and six from Mollinedia. The new species is the first endemic species of the Monimiaceae family to be described in the QF. Concerning the extinction risk assessment, the new species was assessed as critically endangered.

With a qualitative methodological approach, this article aims to expose the experiences lived during the realization of two disciplines of Supervised Mathematics Internship in the remote modality, under the perspective of the trainees and supervising teachers. After highlighting the scenario of adaptations imposed by the SARS-coV2 virus, especially in the educational field, the reports of two interns, students of the Mathematics Degree course and two teachers who guided the internship disciplines in this new context are presented. Errors and successes were exposed, registering a new moment in the academic trajectory of the authors. However, it is worth noting that the work developed in collaboration was the major contribution, showing that everyone involved in an educational process, students of Basic Education, trainees, teachers, principals, pedagogical coordinators, parents and family, can get out of this process strengthened, equipped with new tools, in search of an education in which the subjects involved play a participatory role.

Objective: this research aimed to analyze entrepreneurial behavior from the components of psychological capital and cognitive social theory, from the human agency perspective. Methods: we used qualitative research along with in-depth interviews, conducted with 21 entrepreneurs with different profiles. The speeches were interpreted by content analysis and expanded into theories. Results: the results show that the actions developed by the interviewees during the creation and development businesses are aligned with the entrepreneurial characteristics, according to the literature, without distinction of gender, age or length of experience. As coping mechanisms for challenges and opportunities, these individuals express their beliefs in behaviors of self-efficacy, optimism, hope, resilience, intentionality, anticipation, self-actualization, and self-reflection. Conclusions: these findings indicate that the psychological forces act as fundamental elements for the success of the entrepreneur, which is essential to being understood in the theoretical and managerial scope and as a relevant element to the research.

This manuscript aims to provide a simple and concise discussion on heart rate variability (HRV) for small animal veterinarians. Despite the fact that heart rate variability analysis techniques have been used for quite a long time in medical sciences, it seems to be not completely understood by a large fraction of veterinarian professionals, thereby, reducing the possible benefits to patients that could arise from such information. The analysis of the R-R intervals enables the veterinarian to evaluate autonomic sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the heart, composing the so-called cardiac autonomic balance. Several pathophysiological states lead to profound changes in autonomic balance, especially in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, heart rate variability methods remain a valuable and powerful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.

This project proposed the study of the performance of packed columns in order to reduce the emission of VOCs present in industrial gas streams by means of absorption in suitable solvent. Due to these compounds are hydrophobic, the solvents were selected because of their similarity to VOCs regarding to polarity and they were: soybean oil, automotive used oil, silicone oil and castor oil. The methodology consisted of assays in a laboratory-scale absorption column, maintaining the same operational parameters among each experiment. Using these parameters and physical characteristics of the laboratory equipment, the experimental results were compared with those obtained by the simulations in Aspen Plus for the possibility of application in real process. Through the absorption performance and environmental and economic criteria, the automotive used oil presented better potential for this purpose due to the fact it is a chemical residue that can be used to mitigate the proposed environmental problem

Abstract Adolescent fertility –fertility rates at ages 15-19– fell substantially (around 30 percent) between 2000 and 2010. It was the first time Brazil experienced such a decline in those ages since 1970, when the census included one question about children born in the past 12 months. This phenomenon has an important implication for the P/F Brass ratio technique: it underestimates the cumulated current fertility up to age group 20-24 (F2), considering this cohort's previous fertility experience. Therefore, the P2/F2 value, used as an adjustment factor for the reported fertility level, is significantly overestimated. This paper discusses this issue and proposes an alternative to correct the reference period error in the 2010 Demographic Census in Brazil. The results of applying the proposed alternative in this specific context were very similar to those obtained using different techniques, thus supporting the strength of our alternative.

Post-weaning protein malnutrition is often related to the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in humans, as well to changed content of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system under experimental conditions. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a bulbar region that contains sympathetic premotor neurons; the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate seems to be the main neurotransmitter at this level. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible change in the L-glutamate sensitivity of the RVLM neurons of malnourished animals. Male Fischer rats were divided into two groups: control (n = 15) and malnourished (n = 19). Four days before the experiments, guide cannulas were implanted bilaterally in direction of the RVLM for microinjection of L-glutamate. Twenty-four hours before the experiments, the femoral artery was cannulated for cardiovascular recordings. The results showed that the baseline heart rate increased in malnourished compared to control animals (412.18 ± 16.03 bpm vs. 370.74 ± 9.59 bpm, respectively). Malnourished animals presented a dissimilar concentration-dependent pressor response curve to L-glutamate and an attenuated baroreflex gain. Our results suggest that post-weaning protein restriction affects glutamatergic neurotransmission of the baroreflex at the RVLM level.

To verification of quali-quantitative it has been accomplished collected of bivalve molluscs during the period of twelve months, together with analysis of some abiotic variables in the middle care of Uruguay river, situated in São Marcos, Uruguaiana municipality. The place where the collects has been accomplished, were divided in three distinct spots, considerating the substract type predominant; sand, rock and mud. The individuals were collected using hands and with. The selection screen aid, of 0.8mm size net and were conserved in a dry environment. They had been collected a total of 1,022 units of bivalves, wich belong to 12 taxa, being that of these only specimens Cyanocyclas limosa and Diplodon parallelopipedon had been captured alive (tanatocenosis). It had great quantitative predominance of Corbicula fluminea and Diplodon uruguayensis. With exception of bivalves invading, the too much species had been collected only in the slimy substratum. Other species occurrence were Mycetopoda siliquosa and Anodontites trigonus, there two species a vulnerable to extinction in Rio Grande do Sul.

With the aim of identifying the composition of the ichthyofauna from Quarai-Chico creek (a tributary of the middle Uruguai river located in the municipality of Barra do Quarai), seasonal samplings were taken over the period of one year, from April 1997 to March 1998. Captures were made by means of electrical fishing techniques. A total of 3,564 specimens were captured, distributed in 37 species, 27 genders and 14 families. The Characidae family demonstrated the highest representivity, with 12 species captured, while the Anostomidae, Gymnotidae, Heptapteridae, Pimelodidae, Poecillidae, Synbranchidae and Sternopygidae families each produced evidence of only a single species. In general teams, the results obtained demonstrated a higher ichthyic diversity than the other creeks in the region of the Western frontier of Rio Grande do Sul.

In this work, we couple a lumped‐parameter closed‐loop model of the cardiovascular system with a physiologically‐detailed mathematical description of the baroreflex afferent pathway. The model features a classical Hodgkin–Huxley current‐type model for the baroreflex afferent limb (primary neuron) and for the second‐order neuron in the central nervous system. The pulsatile arterial wall distension triggers a frequency‐modulated sequence of action potentials at the afferent neuron. This signal is then integrated at the brainstem neuron model. The efferent limb, representing the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, is described as a transfer function acting on heart and blood vessel model parameters in order to control arterial pressure. Three in silico experiments are shown here: a step increase in the aortic pressure to evaluate the functionality of the reflex arch, a hemorrhagic episode and an infusion simulation. Through this model, it is possible to study the biophysical dynamics of the ionic currents proposed for the afferent limb components of the baroreflex during the cardiac cycle, and the way in which currents dynamics affect the cardiovascular function. Moreover, this system can be further developed to study in detail each baroreflex loop component, helping to unveil the mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular afferent information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]