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The aim was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Bio-C Repair (BCR), compared to Endosequence BC Root Repair (ERRM), MTA Angelus (MTA-Ang), and MTA Repair HP (MTA-HP). MC3T3 osteoblastic cells were exposed to extracts of the repairing bioceramic cements. After 1, 3, and 7 days, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated by MTT and Micronucleus tests, respectively. Cells not exposed to biomaterials were used as a negative control. Data were compared using ANOVA two-way, followed by the Tukey Test (α=5%). MTA-Ang and MTA-HP showed no difference in relation to control regarding cytotoxicity in any experimental times. BCR and ERRM reduced cell viability after 3 and 7 days (p

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de gengivite necrosante, bem como o tratamento e acompanhamento durante dois anos, em uma paciente adolescente. RELATO DE CASO: Os exames revelaram presença de lesões localizadas nas papilas interdentais e margem gengival, cobertas por epitélio necrótico pseudomembranoso branco-amarelado, com odor fétido, sangramento espontâneo, tecido gengival com aspecto brilhante e avermelhado, grande acúmulo de biofilme bacteriano nas superfícies dentárias e ausência de perda óssea. O tratamento inicial foi composto por raspagem supragengival, prescrição de solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%, orientação de higiene bucal e acompanhamento rígido. CONCLUSÃO: Ao término do tratamento, foi observada melhora do quadro clínico, sem necessidade de cirurgias corretivas.

ResumoO diagnóstico precoce do câncer de boca aumenta a taxa de sobrevida do paciente e minimiza as complicações no tratamento, como grandes mutilações faciais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento de acadêmicos do curso de graduação em odontologia sobre câncer de boca. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, incluindo alunos do 1º (1º semestre) e último ano (7º semestre), submetidos à avaliação por meio de questionário estruturado e autoaplicável. O teste do qui-quadrado foi aplicado para comparar os dois grupos em relação às porcentagens de respostas corretas e ao número de perguntas respondidas corretamente (p < 0,05). Os escolares do 7º semestre apresentaram percentual significativamente maior de acertos (p

Photobiomodulation (PBM) appears to limit exercise-induced muscle damage, improve biochemical and functional recovery, and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) in skeletal muscle recovery after exercise, addressing the different types of lasers and parameters used. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of PBM were included. The primary outcome evaluated was performance, and the secondary was inflammatory marker expression. The searches were conducted in March 2021. Fifteen RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were included. There was significant variability regarding the doses and wavelengths used, as well as in the types of lasers. However, in most studies, PBM promoted improvement of maximum voluntary contraction, better oxygen consumption, increased time to achieve exhaustion and fatigue, and decreased creatine kinase (CK), oxidative stress, and fatigue markers, mainly when used before exercise. Photobiomodulation applied before exercise, regardless of variations in doses and wavelengths, improves muscle performance and decreases levels of inflammation and fatigue markers. Evidence level II; Systematic review of level II studies. RESUMEN La fotobiomodulación (PBM) parece aliviar el daño muscular inducido por el ejercicio, mejorando la recuperación bioquímica y funcional y reduciendo la inflamación y el estrés oxidativo. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de la fotobiomodulación (PBM) en la recuperación del músculo esquelético después del ejercicio, abordando los diferentes tipos de láseres y parámetros utilizados. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) que compararon los efectos de la PBM. El resultado primario evaluado fue el desempeño y el secundario fue la expresión de marcadores inflamatorios. Se analizaron los estudios publicados hasta marzo de 2021. Resultados: Se incluyeron quince ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Hubo una importante variabilidad en cuanto a las dosis y longitudes de onda utilizadas, así como al tipo de láser. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los estudios, la PBM promovió una mejor contracción voluntaria máxima, un mejor consumo de oxígeno, un mayor tiempo para alcanzar el agotamiento y la fatiga, y una disminución de los niveles de creatina quinasa (CK), del estrés oxidativo y de los marcadores de fatiga, especialmente cuando se utiliza antes del ejercicio. La fotobiomodulación aplicada antes del ejercicio, a pesar de presentar gran variabilidad de dosis y longitudes de onda, ha demostrado mejorar el desempeño muscular y disminuir los niveles de marcadores inflamatorios y de fatiga. Nivel de evidencia II; Revisión sistemática de estudios de nivel II. RESUMO A fotobiomodulação (PBM) parece amenizar o dano muscular induzido pelo exercício, melhorando a recuperação bioquímica e funcional e reduzindo a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da fotobiomodulação (PBM) na recuperação do músculo esquelético depois do exercício, abordando os diferentes tipos de lasers e parâmetros utilizados. Foram incluídos estudos clínicos randomizados (RCTs) que comparam os efeitos da PBM. O desfecho primário avaliado foi o desempenho e o secundário foi a expressão de marcadores inflamatórios. Foram analisados estudos publicados até março de 2021. Foram incluídos 15 RCTs que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Houve variabilidade significativa quanto às doses e comprimentos de onda usados, bem como aos tipos de laser. Porém, na maioria dos estudos, a PBM promoveu melhora da contração voluntária máxima, melhor consumo de oxigênio, aumento do tempo para atingir exaustão e fadiga, e diminuição dos níveis de creatina quinase (CK), estresse oxidativo e marcadores de fadiga, principalmente quando usado antes do exercício. A fotobiomodulação aplicada antes do exercício, apesar de apresentar grande variabilidade de doses e comprimentos de onda, melhora o desempenho muscular e diminui os níveis de marcados inflamatórios e de fadiga. Nível de evidência II; Revisão sistemática de estudos de Nível II .

Muscle injuries are frequent, both in the practice of exercises and in the work environment, and after the injury, healing begins. The inflammatory phase of muscle healing is accompanied by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a reduction in the antioxidant activity of defense enzymes. This imbalance between both can generate oxidative stress, which can cause oxidative damage by directly affecting vital cellular constituents, such as lipids, proteins and DNA, in addition to interfering negatively in the muscle cells differentiation . Therefore, substances or therapies that stimulate antioxidant repair and defense are crucial to keep the levels of free radical production low, and to minimize factors that delay or prevent tissue recovery, among these therapies photo biomodulation has stood out. The objective of this literature review is to clarify the FBM effect on oxidative stress and muscle repair. Therefore, a search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs and PEDro, using the keywords “Photo biomodulation”, “low power laser”, “muscle repair”, “oxidative stress”, and in English were ”Photo biomodulation”, “low level laser therapy”, “muscle repair” and “oxidative stress”. The texts that addressed the research topic, published between 2000 and 2020, were chosen. After analyzing the articles, it was possible to observe that photo biomodulation, despite presenting a great variety of parameters, moment of application and irradiation protocol found in the literature, shows beneficial results in the repair muscle and in the reduction of oxidative stress and fatigue markers. Keywords: Low-Level Light Therapy. Oxidative Stress. Edema. ResumoLesões musculares são frequentes, tanto na prática de exercícios como no ambiente de trabalho, sendo que após a lesão, inicia a cicatrização. A fase inflamatória da cicatrização muscular é acompanhada do aumento da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e uma redução da atividade antioxidante das enzimas de defesa. Este desequilíbrio entre ambos pode gerar o estresse oxidativo, que leva a danos e atingi diretamente constituintes celulares vitais, como lipídios, proteínas e DNA, além de interferir negativamente na diferenciação das células musculares. Portanto, substâncias ou terapias que estimulem a reparação e a defesa antioxidante são cruciais para manter os níveis de produção de radicais livres baixos, e minimizar os fatores que atrasam ou impedem a recuperação do tecido, dentre estas terapias a fotobiomodulação tem se destacado. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é esclarecer o efeito da FBM sobre o estresse oxidativo e o reparo muscular. Sendo assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa nas bases de dados da Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs e PEDro, utilizando as palavras-chave “Fotobiomodulação”, “laser de baixa potência”, “reparo muscular”, “estresse oxidativo”, e em inglês foram “photobiomodulation”, “low level laser therapy”, “muscle repair” e “oxidative stress”. Foram escolhidos os textos que abordavam o tema da pesquisa, publicados entre 2000 e 2020. Analisando os artigos foi possível observar que a fotobiomodulação apesar de apresentar grande variedade de parâmetros, momento de aplicação e protocolo de irradiação encontrados na literatura, mostra resultados benéficos no reparo muscular e na diminuição de marcadores do estresse oxidativo e fadiga. Palavras-chave: Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade. Estresse Oxidativo. Edema.

Editorial Caros(as) leitores(as) O Congresso Odontológico Londrinese (COL) é um evento científico realizado pelos graduandos do 5º ano do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), que tem como objetivo contribuir cientificamente para a formação dos acadêmicos e profissionais da área. Na sua 9ª edição, a comissão organizadora contou com participação do professor Dr. Hedelson Odenir Iecher Borges como presidente e professores de todas as áreas da Odontologia da UEL, a fim de consolidar uma interação de toda a comunidade acadêmica. O 3º COL e 9º COUEL foi realizado no período de 19 a 22 de maio de 2021 em um formato 100% online. A grade cientifíca foi composta por palestras ministradas por professores e profissionais de reconhecida importância nacional e internacional, além de apresentações de trabalhos. Comissão Organizadora 3º Congresso Odontológico Londrinense – 9º COUEL/Edição Online - UEL – Universidade Estadual de Londrina - 2021

This study evaluated the effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (HN019) in the development of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats submitted to chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil [5FU]).Eighty male rats were divided into the following groups: control (C); treated with 5FU (60 mg/kg at day 30 and 40 mg/kg at day 32); treated with probiotic (HN019) (daily, for 44 days, starting at day 0); treatment with 5FU and probiotic (5FU-HN019); only EP (EP) (ligature placed on lower first molars at day 30, maintained for 14 days); EP and treatment with 5FU (EP-5FU); EP and treatment with probiotic (EP-HN019); and EP and treatment with 5FU and probiotic (EP-5FU-HN019). Euthanasia occurred at day 44. Morphometric, histomorphometric, microtomographic, immunohistochemical, immunoenzymatic, and gene expressions analyses were performed. The data obtained were statistically analyzed (p 0.05).The EP-5FU-HN019 group showed less bone and connective tissue loss when compared with EP-5FU group, while EP-HN019 and EP-5FU-HN019 groups had greater bone volume than EP and EP-5FU groups, respectively (p 0.05). A decrease in immunostaining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and RANKL, an increase for osteoprotegerin and lower interleukin-1β levels were observed in EP-5FU-HN019 group, when compared with EP-5FU group (p 0.0001). Probiotic therapy led to an increase in the proportions of B. lactis in the feces (p = 0.0018), but not in the biofilm, and reduced the expression of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia in the biofilm (p 0.0001).B. lactis HN019 reduced the severity of EP in rats submitted to chemotherapy, modulating immunoinflammatory parameters in periodontal tissues and reducing periodontopathogens expression on biofilm in rats submitted to chemotherapy.

Atualmente, novos métodos de tratamento contra o câncer estão sendo investigados para a obtenção de um bom prognóstico e menor índice de efeitos colaterais, e uma das terapias atuais sob investigação é a Fotobiomodulação (FBM). Sabe-se que a proliferação de células normais e tumorais pode ser estimulada ou inibida pela FBM, e esse processo vai depender dos parâmetros utilizados. O objetivo deste estudo foi conduzir uma revisão da literatura, a fim de avaliar os efeitos biológicos de diferentes parâmetros da FBM sobre cultura de células tumorais (osteossarcoma). Realizou-se busca na literatura através das bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library e EMBASE. Os estudos mostraram que a FBM pode ser utilizada em células cancerígenas de forma a diminuir a sua proliferação, contudo, a falta de padronização dos protocolos de irradiação a laser para investigações in vitro não permite estabelecer os parâmetros ideais para esse fim. Com base nos achados relatados se pode sugerir que a FBM, em parâmetros específicos, pode promover a bioestimulação ou até mesmo a inibição das células cancerígenas, sendo necessários mais estudos para determinar os protocolos de tratamento ideais e, por isso, deve ser usada com cautela na prática clínica. Palavras-chave: Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade. Terapia a Laser. Osteossarcoma. Abstract Currently new treatment methods against cancer have been investigated to obtain a good prognosis and a lower rate of side effects, and one of the current therapies under investigation is Photobiomodulation (PBM). It is known that the normal and tumor cells proliferation can be stimulated or inhibited by PBM, and this process will depend on the parameters used. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review in order to assess the biological effects of different PBM parameters on tumor cell culture (osteosarcoma). Literature search was performed through the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria were: to be an in vitro study with cancer cells, and to have at least one treatment group with PBM and a control group (without treatment). Studies have shown that PBM can be used in cancerous lesions in order to decrease the proliferation of these cells, however, the lack of standardization of laser irradiation protocols for in vitro investigations does not allow to establish the ideal parameters for this purpose. Based on the reported findings, it can be suggested that PBM in specific parameters may promote biostimulation or even inhibition of cancer cells. More studies are necessary to determine the ideal treatment protocols, and, because of this, it should be used with caution in clinical practice. Keywords: Low Intensity Light Therapy. Laser therapy. Osteosarcoma

Após a conclusão do tratamento ortodôntico, os pacientes começam a se preocupar com outros fatores estéticos para garantir um sorriso harmonioso, sendo mais exigentes com a aparência. Além de dentes alinhados e harmoniosos, os pacientes estão em busca de um sorriso mais branco, se tornando cada vez mais exigentes com a aparência, cabendo ao dentista atender a essas necessidades. Um outro fator que pode tornar o sorriso antiestético é a presença de dentes curtos, que resulta em exposição excessiva da gengiva e um sorriso com aspecto mais infantil, e que muitas vezes é percebido apenas a finalização do tratamento ortodôntico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar o tratamento estético do sorriso após ortodontia, associando cirurgia periodontal para aumento de coroa clínica e clareamento dental. O sorriso gengival pode ser corrigido integrando várias especialidades odontológicas devido às suas inúmeras causas, podendo ser indicada a realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos, ortodônticos ou restauradores. Quanto ao amarelamento dos dentes, uma das técnicas utilizadas é o clareamento dental, que consiste num procedimento pouco invasivo, indicado na maioria dos casos de manchas extrínsecas. O clareamento pode ser caseiro ou de consultório, mas em ambos os casos, o cirurgião-dentista precisa dominar a técnica. Nesse contexto, cabe ao ortodontista identificar e diagnosticar essas necessidades do paciente e encaminhá-lo para outros especialistas. Em conclusão, para alcançar os resultados esperados pelo paciente são imprescindíveis uma boa anamnese, um correto diagnóstico e o planejamento multidisciplinar do caso. Portanto a inter-relação das especialidades é imprescindível a fim de obter resultados satisfatórios e agradáveis ao paciente. Palavras-chave: Periodontia. Gengivectomia. Estética Dentária. Sorriso. Clareamento Dental. Abstract After the end of orthodontic treatment, patients become more rigorous with their appearance and worry about other aesthetic factors to ensure a harmonious smile. In addition to aligned and harmonious teeth, patients are looking for a whiter smile, becoming more and more rigorous with their appearance, leaving the dentist to meet these needs. Another factor that can impair smile aesthetics is the presence of short teeth, which results in an overexposure of the gum and a smile with a more childlike aspect, and that it is often perceived only at the end of orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to review the aesthetic treatment of the smile after orthodontics, associating periodontal surgery to increase the clinical crown and tooth whitening. Aesthetics is the relationship between several factors. The gummy smile can be corrected by integrating several dental specialties, due to its numerous causes, and surgical, orthodontic or restorative procedures may be indicated. For tooth whitening, one of the techniques most indicated is dental bleaching, which consists of a minimally invasive procedure, indicated in most cases of extrinsic stains. The whitening can be made at home or in office, but in both cases, the dentist needs to master the technique. In this context, it is up to the orthodontist to identify and diagnose these needs of the patient and refer him to other specialists. In conclusion, a good anamnesis, a correct diagnosis and multidisciplinary case planning are essential to achieve the results expected by the patient. Therefore, the interrelationship between specialties is important in order to obtain satisfactory and pleasant results for the patient. Keywords: Periodontics, Gingivectomy, Esthetics, Smiling. Tooth Bleaching.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (low-level laser therapy (LLLT)) and aquatic exercise on the expression of genes related to muscle regeneration in rats. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control group (n = 15), non-treated injury group (n = 15), injury+LLLT group (n = 15), injury+aquatic exercise group (n = 15), and injury+LLLT+aquatic exercise group (n = 15). Cryoinjury was performed on the belly of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. LLLT was performed daily with an AlGaAs laser (830 nm; beam spot of 0.0324 cm2, output power of 100 mW, energy density of 180 J/cm2, and 58-s exposure time). Animals were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days. The TA muscles were removed for gene expression analysis of TGF-β, Myogenin, and MyoD. The results were statistically analyzed at a significance level of 5%. The cryoinjury increased the expression of genes related to muscle regeneration—MyoD, Myogenin, and TGF-β—compared to the control group (p < 0.05); the photobiomodulation increased the expression of these genes at day 7 (p < 0.05), decreasing until day 21; and the aquatic exercise increases the expression of the three genes over time. When the two treatments were combined, the expression of the analyzed genes also increased over time. In summary, the results of our study suggest that photobiomodulation (LLLT), when applied alone in cryoinjury, is able to increase the gene expression of MyoD, Myogenin, and TGF-β at the acute phase, while when combined with aquatic exercises, there is an increase in expression of these genes specially at the long-term treatment.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory process of infectious character which affects the tooth support tissues and can lead to tooth loss. Acting as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontal diseases, the Phodynamic Therapy has gained visibility. This work aims to address the application of this procedure in periodontal treatment, its advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications, concept of the technique, materials used and clinical results. The methodology used consisted of a literature review, which was conducted by accessing the PubMed database and the VHL Regional Portal, with publications selected between 1993 and 2021, using keywords on the subject. The technique consists in the association of a light source and a photosensitizer, for the purpose of promoting microbial death, disinfection and assist in the healing process. Research confirms several advantages of its application in dental practice such as for example the inability to generate bacterial resistance and harmful side effects as well as, promotes localized action, affordability and ease of management. Studies demonstrate the effectiveness of this therapy against periodontopathogenic bacteria and their positive results when applied as an aid in periodontal treatment, as it allows the elimination of retained pathogens in areas of furcation grooves, concavities, distal areas of the molars and deep periodontal pockets, which because of the limitation of the mechanical treatment, they end up remaining and recolonizing those places. The future perspective is that photodynamic therapy will gain more space in the clinical performance, being a promising adjuvant in obtaining satisfactory results in periodontics. La enfermedad periodontal es un proceso inflamatorio crónico de carácter infeccioso que afecta a los tejidos de soporte del diente, lo que puede provocar la pérdida del diente. Actuando como adyuvante en el tratamiento de las enfermedades periodontales, la terapia fotodinámica ha ganado visibilidad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo abordar la aplicación de este procedimiento en el tratamiento periodontal, sus ventajas y desventajas, indicaciones y contraindicaciones, concepto de la técnica, materiales utilizados y resultados clínicos. La metodología utilizada fue a través de una revisión de la literatura, la cual se realizó a través del acceso a la base de datos PubMed y al Portal Regional de la BVS, con publicaciones seleccionadas entre los años 1993 y 2021, utilizando palabras clave sobre el tema en cuestión. La técnica consiste en la asociación de una fuente de luz y un fotosensibilizador, con el fin de promover la muerte microbiana, la desinfección y ayudar en el proceso de curación. Las investigaciones confirman varias ventajas de su aplicación en la práctica odontológica, como la incapacidad de generar resistencia bacteriana y efectos secundarios dañinos, promoviendo una acción localizada, costo asequible y facilidad de ejecución. Estudios demuestran la efectividad de la terapia frente a bacterias periodontopatógenas y sus resultados positivos cuando se aplica como adyuvante en el tratamiento periodontal, ya que permite la eliminación de patógenos retenidos en áreas de furca, surcos, concavidades, áreas distales de los molares y bolsas profundas, que por la limitación del tratamiento mecánico acaban quedando y recolonizando estos sitios. La perspectiva de futuro es que la terapia fotodinámica ganhará más espacio en la práctica clínica, siendo un adyuvante prometedor en la obtención de resultados satisfactorios en periodoncia. A doença periodontal é um processo inflamatório crônico de caráter infeccioso que acomete os tecidos de suporte do dente, podendo levar à perda dentária. Atuando como adjuvante no tratamento de doenças periodontais, a terapia fotodinâmica tem ganhado visibilidade. Esse trabalho objetiva abordar a aplicação desse procedimento no tratamento periodontal, suas vantagens e desvantagens, indicações e contraindicações, conceito da técnica, materiais utilizados e resultados clínicos. A metodologia utilizada foi através de uma revisão de literatura, que foi conduzida por meio do acesso à base de dados PubMed e Portal Regional da BVS, com publicações selecionadas entre os anos 1993 e 2021, utilizando palavras chaves sobre o tema em questão. A técnica consiste na associação de uma fonte de luz e um fotossensibilizador, com a finalidade de promover morte microbiana, desinfecção e auxiliar no processo de cicatrização. Pesquisas confirmam diversas vantagens de sua aplicação na prática odontológica, como por exemplo a incapacidade de gerar resistência bacteriana e efeitos colaterais prejudiciais, promover ação localizada, custo acessível e facilidade de execução. Estudos demonstram a efetividade da terapia contra bactérias periodontopatogênicas e seus resultados positivos quando aplicada como auxiliar no tratamento periodontal, visto que permite a eliminação de patógenos retidos em áreas de furca, sulcos, concavidades, áreas distais dos molares e bolsas profundas, que por conta da limitação do tratamento mecânico, acabam permanecendo e recolonizando esses sítios. A perspectiva futura é de que a terapia fotodinâmica ganhe mais espaço na atuação clínica, sendo um adjuvante promissor na obtenção de resultados satisfatórios na periodontia.

Aims:To analyse the effects of microcurrent on L929 fibroblast cell culture.Methods:Cells were cultivated in six-well plates at densities of 5×104, 1×105, 3×105and 5×105cells/well to determine the best plating density. Subsequently, two methods of current application were tested: with a paper cone coupled to the electrode (M1) and with the electrode directly inside the well (M2). Then, streams of 60µA (G60), 100µA (G100), 500µA (G500) and 900µA (G900) were applied to the cells (n=3) once a day for three minutes, for a period of one (T1), two (T2) and three days (T3). The MTT assay method was used to evaluate cell proliferation. For the quantification of the inflammatory markers by flow cytometry, the group and time that presented the best results were selected.Results:The ideal plating density was established as 1x105cells/well and M2 as the best application method. An increase in cell viability was observed at all intensities from T1 to T2, but with no significant differences. From T2 to T3, there was a decrease in viability in all groups, with a significant difference only in G500 (pConclusion:This study showed that two applications of microcurrent increases cell proliferation and modulates the inflammatory response, aiding tissue regeneration and playing a key role in rehabilitation.

Use of mesenchymal stem cells and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) have been widely studied to promote bone healing. evaluate effect of photobiomodulation on total number of cells (TNC) and cell viability (CV) of fresh bone marrow aspirate (BMA). Femur BMA from 10 adult rats was collected and a cell concentration of 1x107 cell/mL was obtained. Cell suspension was deposited on 96 well cell culture plates and distributed in groups: 1) RPMI, positive control; 2) Distilled Water, negative control; 3) Red Laser (RL); 4) Infrared Laser (IRL). Groups RL and IRL received LLLT application right after incubation. Cells were incubated for 24 h. TNC and CV were assessed through trypan blue assay after 1, 3, 6, 10 and 24 h of incubation. Data distribution was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for intergroup and intragroup comparisons (p

Smoking is one of the main risk factor for periodontal disease, increasing its prevalence and severity. Probiotics emerged as an alternative for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, since it can modulate the host immune response and modify the modify the microbiome. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of probiotic administration on the periodontal tissues in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI). Forty rats were allocated into the following groups (n=10): group C (control, without CSI and probiotic); group PROB (control+probiotic); group CSI (CSI) and group CSI+PROB (CSI+probiotic). Groups PROB and CSI+PROB received 2g of an association of probiotic microorganisms incorporated into the feed during 6 months. Groups CSI and CSI+PROB were exposed to CSI for 60 min daily. After six months all the animals were euthanized and the hemi-mandibles were collected and processed for microcomputed tomography analyses. Regarding the body weight of the animals, feed consumption was similar among the groups, however, after the second month groups C and PROB showed higher body weight gain when compared to groups CSI and CSI+PROB (p

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the clinical use of probiotic therapy in any serum inflammatory markers in individuals with any inflammatory process. A systematic review with meta-analysis approach was used to analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies from PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The most commonly used probiotic bacteria were those of the genus Lactobacillus spp. and the treatment time of the studies ranged from 1 to 52 weeks. Six studies reported an increase on anti-inflammatory markers and forty-five studies reported a decrease on pro-inflammatory markers. Meta-analysis indicated that probiotics reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α [standardized mean difference (SMD): −10.65; 95% CI: −25.20, −6.10; I2 = 100%; P

Some tools can be used as an aid to the surgical planning for gummy smile correction, such as digital smile design (DSD), which allows to determine patterns of harmony and eventual asymmetries between teeth and gums. This work aims to report a gummy smile correction using DSD as reverse planning. The clinical examination revealed the presence of gummy smile and extensive bone exostosis in the premolar region. DSD was performed in the upper arch, determining the amount of gingiva to be removed, thus providing more safety and precision to the procedure. The surgery was performed by performing using an internal bevel incisions, detachment of a full thickness flap, and osteotomy and osteoplasty. After 6 months of preservation, there was an increase in the clinical crown of the teeth, with smile harmony, less exposure of the gingiva in the smile and a high level of patient aesthetic satisfaction.

A COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) é uma infecção respiratória causada pelo SARS-COV-2 em que 14% dos casos evoluem para quadros graves, 5% necessitam de unidade de terapia intensiva e 2% evoluem a óbito. A cavidade oral é uma das portas de entrada do vírus no hospedeiro. A periodontite é a 6ª doença mais prevalente no mundo e trata-se de uma doença inflamatória crônica que acomete os tecidos de suporte do dente. A literatura científica buscou evidências sobre uma possível associação entre a periodontite e a COVID-19. Esse estudo tem como objetivo buscar por informações disponíveis na literatura que confirmem uma associação entre as doenças. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Medline/ Pubmed com a combinação dos descritores: “periodontitis” ou “periodontal disease” ou “gum disease” e “COVID-19” ou “SARS-COV-2” ou “novel coronavírus” com publicação entre Agosto de 2021 e Janeiro de 2022, nos idiomas inglês e português. Foram encontrados 67 artigos, dos quais 20 foram selecionados, com base no título, resumo e idioma, apenas 14 estudos foram escolhidos para compor a revisão, de acordo com disponibilidade do texto completo na web e tipo do trabalho, priorizando pesquisas e revisões de literatura. Pacientes com periodontite e COVID-19, apresentam: fatores de risco compartilhados, presença de marcadores inflamatórios em quantidades elevadas e a presença de Sars-Cov-2 na cavidade oral, evidenciando as maiores chances de evoluir para quadros graves da doença. Estudos futuros são necessários para confirmar a associação direta entre a periodontite e COVID-19, que ainda não foi totalmente estabelecida.

Dentists are healthcare professionals who are at high risk of infection and transmission of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the changes in clinical practice made by Brazilian dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. From June 22 to July 13, 2020, an online questionnaire was sent to dentists using Google Forms. After providing consent, 1,178 dentists answered questions regarding their knowledge and clinical experiences related to COVID-19. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, or Kruskal–Wallis tests, with a significance level of 5%. Brazilian dentists significantly changed their routine dental practices. Biosafety measures were added in their offices by 98% of the dentists, increasing operating costs for 88.3% of dentists. Greater discomfort due to the increase in personal protection equipment (PPE) worn during the pandemic was reported by 58.6%. Furthermore, 84.2% reduced heir hours of service. It was found that the dentists decreased their workload, used additional PPE, and took additional biosafety measures.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T20:04:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-09 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) University of Western Sao Paulo Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate influence of topical sodium alendronate (ALN), photodynamic therapy (aPDT), or a combination thereof as adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats. Background Therapeutic protocols to control periodontitis progression that aim to equalize bacterial action and load with tissue immune response are well addressed in current scientific research. Methods Experimental periodontitis was induced in 96 rats with a ligature around the mandibular left first molar. After 7 days, ligature was removed and animals were treated according to the following experimental groups (n = 8): control-SRP plus saline solution; ALN-SRP plus ALN; aPDT-SRP plus methylene blue irrigation, followed by low-level laser therapy (LLLT); and ALN/aPDT-SRP plus ALN and methylene blue irrigation followed by LLLT. The animals were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatments. Collagen maturation (picrosirius red staining) and immunohistochemical analyses (TRAP, RANKL and osteoprotegerin [OPG]) were performed. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (P < .05). Results At 7 days, group ALN presented a significantly higher number of TRAP-positive cells and percentage of immature collagen fibers than group ALN/aPDT, while group ALN/aPDT presented a significantly higher percentage of mature collagen fibers than group ALN. At 30 days, group ALN presented significantly lower percentage of immature collagen fibers and higher percentage of mature collagen fibers than control. Conclusion It can be concluded that topical use of ALN coadjutant to SRP, alone or combined with aPDT, enhanced collagen maturation and reduced osteoclastogenesis during the healing of experimental periodontitis. Univ Western Sao Paulo, Dent Sch Presidente Prudente, Grad Program Dent GPD Masters Degree, Presidente Prudente, Brazil Univ Fed Pelotas, Grad Program Dent, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dent Sch Aracatuba, Dept Basic Sci, Aracatuba, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dent Sch Aracatuba, Dept Basic Sci, Aracatuba, Brazil FAPESP: 2016/04163-0 University of Western Sao Paulo: 3080 University of Western Sao Paulo: 3771

It has been demonstrated that Kinesio Tape (KT) application has immediate positive effects on balance in healthy individuals, but its mid-term effects have not yet been investigated.Evaluate the effects of KT on postural control in young women, using four strategies.Forty-eight healthy women aged 18-35 years old were randomly assigned to four groups with different elastic bandages (G1: ankle; G2: hamstrings; G3: lumbar; G4: different taping applications) and their postural control was evaluated using stabilographic parameters obtained on a force platform during right and left unipodal (UNP-R and UNP-L) and semi-tamdem tests at pre-intervention (PRE), immediately after (IME), and 24 and 48 h after the application of bandages.G1 showed a significantly lower velocity in the antero-posterior direction for the PRE compared to the IME period (p = 0.0204) in the UNP-R task, and the same was observed in the medio-lateral velocity when comparing the results for PRE with IME (p = 0.0340 and p = 0.0244) in the UNP-L task. Regarding the frequency, G2 had a significantly lower mean for the PRE, compared to IME (p 0.001) in the UNP-R in antero-posterior direction, and in medio-lateral direction in the UNP-R (p = 0.003) and in the UNP-L task (p = 0.020).The use of KT changed postural control, mainly considering the velocity and frequency of COP oscillations, and especially immediately after its application.

A doença periodontal é um processo inflamatório crônico de caráter infeccioso que acomete os tecidos de suporte do dente, podendo levar à perda dentária. Atuando como adjuvante no tratamento de doenças periodontais, a terapia fotodinâmica tem ganhado visibilidade. Esse trabalho objetiva abordar a aplicação desse procedimento no tratamento periodontal, suas vantagens e desvantagens, indicações e contraindicações, conceito da técnica, materiais utilizados e resultados clínicos. A metodologia utilizada foi através de uma revisão de literatura, que foi conduzida por meio do acesso à base de dados PubMed e Portal Regional da BVS, com publicações selecionadas entre os anos 1993 e 2021, utilizando palavras chaves sobre o tema em questão. A técnica consiste na associação de uma fonte de luz e um fotossensibilizador, com a finalidade de promover morte microbiana, desinfecção e auxiliar no processo de cicatrização. Pesquisas confirmam diversas vantagens de sua aplicação na prática odontológica, como por exemplo a incapacidade de gerar resistência bacteriana e efeitos colaterais prejudiciais, promover ação localizada, custo acessível e facilidade de execução. Estudos demonstram a efetividade da terapia contra bactérias periodontopatogênicas e seus resultados positivos quando aplicada como auxiliar no tratamento periodontal, visto que permite a eliminação de patógenos retidos em áreas de furca, sulcos, concavidades, áreas distais dos molares e bolsas profundas, que por conta da limitação do tratamento mecânico, acabam permanecendo e recolonizando esses sítios. A perspectiva futura é de que a terapia fotodinâmica ganhe mais espaço na atuação clínica, sendo um adjuvante promissor na obtenção de resultados satisfatórios na periodontia.

Free gingival graft is a predictable technique for increasing the amount of attached gingiva and root coverage; however, its use is limited for cosmetic reasons. To overcome this issue, this study sought to compare 2 free gingival graft techniques that use oral screws to attach grafts. Free gingival graft was performed on teeth 44 to 46 using the traditional technique, while on the opposite side, on teeth 34 to 36, partly epithelialized free gingival grafts were performed. The partly epithelialized free gingival grafts were found to provide better cosmetic results relative to the completely epithelialized free gingival graft, and the use of stabilizing screws was found to be simple and effective.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on metalloproteinase expression and the mechanical strength of skeletal muscle regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Rats were subjected to crush injury of the right sciatic nerve, followed by LLLT (830 nm, 35, 70, 140, and 280 J/cm2) for 21 consecutive days. Functional gait analysis was performed at weekly intervals and the animals were sacrificed after the last evaluation at day 21 for collection of the gastrocnemius muscles, which were submitted to analysis of resistance, and the tibialis anterior, for evaluation of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). The results were statistically analyzed at a significance level of 5%. The irradiated groups showed a significant decrease in the sciatic functional index and a significant increase in the mechanical strength when compared to the injured group with no treatment (p

Objective Evaluating Kinesio Taping (KT) use to reduce pain and edema in individuals subjected to surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and methods Thirteen individuals (5 men and 8 women, mean age: 23.25 years) were subjected to mutual extraction of two mandibular third molars based on the same surgical protocol and pharmacological approach. All individuals were subjected to kinesio taping application on one side of patients' face (test group - KT), in the immediate postoperative period. The other side of the face was not subjected to KT application, and it was used as control (No KT). An examiner assessed individuals’ pain and edema based on the visual analog scale (VAS) and on the Todorovic-Markovic method, respectively, at the preoperative, immediate postoperative, and second and fifth postoperative days. Statistical analysis was based on the Scheirer–Ray–Hare test. Results Edema (48 h and 120 h after surgery) and pain intensity (24 h, 48 h and 120 h after surgery) were lower on the KT side (p Conclusion Kinesio taping adopted in the current study was effective in reducing edema and postoperative pain in patients subjected to oral surgery. Clinical relevance KT enables patients to experience a more comfortable postoperative period and helps improving their quality of life.

The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review regarding the use of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in tumoral cells, addressing the different types of lasers and parameters used. An electronic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. The inclusion criteria were being an in vitro study, with tumoral cells, and have at least one group of treatment with low-power laser and a control group (without treatment). Were excluded studies that used only non-carcinogenic cells, in vivo studies, studies that used high-power laser or the association with photosensitizers. The primary outcome evaluated was the cellular viability, and the secondary outcomes were the apoptosis rate and gene and inflammatory mediators' expression. Nineteen studies were identified among the lists of citations of studies that met the exclusion/inclusion criteria. There is a wide divergence regarding the wavelengths and doses used, as well as the type of laser, and each variation leads to different results, with some studies showing an increase in cell proliferation, while other studies showed a decrease. It is possible to suggest that PBM can be used in cancerous lesions in order to decrease the proliferation of these cells depending on the parameters used; however, the lack of standardization of laser irradiation protocols for in vitro investigations does not allow the establishment of ideal parameters for this purpose. Therefore, PBM should be used with caution in cancer patients until more studies are performed.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of experimental medications containing Calcium Hydroxide (CH) and Activated charcoal (AC). Methodology: Osteoblastic (MC3T3) and fibroblastic (L929) cells were cultivated in 96 well plates (1 x 104 cells/well) and, after 24 h, treated with extracts, according to experimental groups [(Experimental groups: C - Control; CH - CH paste; CH+10%AC - experimental paste 1 (CH paste + 10% AC); CH+5%AC - experimental paste 2 (CH paste + 5% AC)]. Cytotoxicity and potential osteogenic was performed by MTT and alkaline phosphatase activity, respectively, after 1, 3 and 7 days. Results: For intergroups comparisons, ANOVA 2 factors were used, followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05). There was no difference among the pastes for cytotoxicity in both cells (p > 0.05). For osteogenic potential, it was found that all experimental groups stimulated mineralization in relation to control group, except for experimental paste 2 at 7 days. Conclusion: The addition of AC to the CH paste does not modify toxicity and osteogenic properties. Add 10% of AC appears to be more effective than 5%. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la citotoxicidad y el potencial osteogénico de medicamentos experimentales que contienen Hidróxido de calcio (HC) y Carbón activado CA. Metodología: Se cultivaron células osteoblásticas (MC3T3) y fibroblásticas (L929) en placas de 96 pocillos (1 x 104 células / pocillo) y, a las 24 h, se trataron con extractos, según grupos experimentales [(Grupos experimentales: C - Control; HC - pasta HC; HC + 10% CA - pasta experimental 1 (pasta HC + 10% CA); HC + 5% CA - pasta experimental 2 (pasta HC + 5% CA)]. La citotoxicidad y potencial osteogénico fue realizada por Actividad de MTT y fosfatasa alcalina, respectivamente, después de 1, 3 y 7 días. Resultados: Para las comparaciones intergrupales se utilizaron factores ANOVA 2, seguido de la prueba de Tukey (p 0.05). Para el potencial osteogénico, se encontró que todos los grupos experimentales estimularon la mineralización en relación al grupo control, excepto la pasta experimental 2 a los 7 días. Conclusión: La adición de CA a la pasta HC no modifica la toxicidad y propiedades Agregar un 10% de AC parece ser más efectivo que un 5%. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade e o potencial osteogênico de medicamentos experimentais contendo Hidróxido de Cálcio (HC) e Carvão Ativado (CA). Metodologia: Células osteoblásticas (MC3T3) e fibroblásticas (L929) foram cultivadas em placas de 96 poços (1 x 104 células / poço) e, após 24 h, tratadas com extratos, de acordo com os grupos experimentais [(Grupos experimentais: C – Controle; CH - pasta HC; HC + 10% CA - pasta experimental 1 (pasta HC + 10% CA); HC + 5% CA - pasta experimental 2 (pasta HC + 5% CA)]. Citotoxicidade e potencial osteogênico foram realizados por Atividade do MTT e da fosfatase alcalina, respectivamente, após 1, 3 e 7 dias. Resultados: Para as comparações intergrupos, foram utilizados os fatores ANOVA 2, seguido do teste de Tukey (p 0,05). Para o potencial osteogênico, verificou-se que todos os grupos experimentais estimularam a mineralização em relação ao grupo controle, exceto a pasta experimental 2 aos 7 dias. Conclusão: A adição de CA na pasta HC não altera a toxicidade e as propriedades. A adição de 10% de CA parece ser mais eficaz do que 5%.

A cirurgia plástica periodontal é uma terapia reconstrutiva definida como procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados para corrigir ou eliminar deformidades anatômicas, de desenvolvimento ou traumáticas da gengiva ou mucosa alveolar e está indicada para o tratamento de recessões gengivais isoladas ou múltiplas. A recessão gengival é caracterizada como um defeito mucogengival que ocorre pela migração apical da gengiva e mucosa alveolar tendo como consequência a exposição da porção radicular do elemento dentário. As principais queixas dessa condição são hipersensibilidade dentinária e insatisfação estética. O retalho reposicionado coronário associado ao uso do enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial é considerado o padrão ouro dentre as técnicas de recobrimento radicular por sua previsibilidade e estabilidade. A literatura mostra que o uso da proteína derivada da matriz do esmalte pode potencializar a regeneração periodontal, levando a resultados favoráveis. O presente relato de caso é relacionado a paciente de 43 anos, gênero feminino, com queixa de hipersensibilidade dentinária e recessões gengivais múltiplas do tipo 1 (RT1) e tipo 2 (RT2) nos incisivos centrais e laterais superiores. Após as adequações iniciais do meio bucal, o tratamento eleito foi o recobrimento radicular pela técnica do retalho reposicionado coronário associado ao enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial e a utilização da proteína derivada da matriz do esmalte nos dentes anteriores superiores. O acompanhamento do caso em um ano revelou sucesso no recobrimento radicular pela técnica e uso do biomaterial selecionados, sendo efetivos para o tratamento de recessões múltiplas tipo 1 (RT1) e tipo 2 (RT2).

A utilização da matriz de colágeno xenógena (MCX) tem sido investigada como uma alternativa para o recobrimento radicular no tratamento da recessão gengival, principalmente em áreas que necessitam de aumento de tecido queratinizado e a fim de diminuir a morbidade do paciente e o tempo cirúrgico. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é analisar a utilização da matriz de colágeno xenógena como uma forma de tratamento para recobrimento das recessões gengivais. Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica dos ensaios clínicos controlados e aleatórios, publicados entre 2010 a 2020, que avaliaram o tratamento de recessão gengival unitária ou múltipla utilizando a matriz de colágeno xenógena, sendo selecionados 14 ensaios clínicos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Os resultados apontaram que a combinação da MCX associada ao reposicionamento coronário (RC) é uma alternativa viável no tratamento da recessão gengival, apresentando resultados semelhantes quando comparado ao enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial (ETCS+RC). A utilização da MCX associada ao RC tem se mostrado eficiente quanto ao ganho de tecido queratinizado e aumento de espessura gengival no tratamento de recessões gengivais Tipo I (RT1), e pode ser uma alternativa ao ETCS em pacientes com limitada área doadora palatal e também reduzir a morbidade do paciente e o tempo operatório.

The purpose of this case report / case series was to analyze the pattern of alveolar bone repair after extraction with the use of a collagen membrane associated or not with lyophilized bovine bone (Bio-Oss). The sample consisted of six adult patients, aged from 40 to 60 years, with indication of extraction of the upper incisors and subsequent rehabilitation with dental implants, three participants were randomly distributed in the following groups: Test - Bio-Oss associated with collagen membrane absorbable; Control - blood clot associated with an absorbable collagen membrane. Alveoli with significant bone loss, probe greater than 4 mm, uncontrolled systemic changes and smoker were excluded. The less traumatic extractions, followed by anti-inflammatory and antibiotic protocol. Computed tomography images from the preoperative time (T0) and after 4 months (T1) were used to measure bone filling. The data were compared using the T test, considering a 5% significance level. Less resorption was observed in the test group (p = 0.002). The technique of preserving the alveolar ridge with Bio-Oss and absorbable membrane was satisfactory to prevent changes in the contour of the tissue. El propósito de este reporte de caso / serie de casos fue analizar el patrón de reparación del hueso alveolar después de la extracción mediante membrana de colágeno asociada o no con hueso bovino liofilizado (Bio-Oss). La muestra estuvo constituida por seis pacientes adultos, con edades de 40 a 60 años, con indicación de extracción de los incisivos superiores y posterior rehabilitación con implantes dentales, tres participantes fueron distribuidos en cada grupo aleatoriamente siendo ellos: Test - Bio-Oss asociado a membrana de colágeno absorbible; Control - coágulo de sangre asociado con una membrana de colágeno absorbible. Se excluyeron los alvéolos con pérdida ósea significativa, con sondaje mayor de 4 mm, alteraciones sistémicas no controladas y fumador. Las extracciones fueron poco traumáticas, seguidas de protocolo con antiinflamatorio y antibiótico. Se utilizaron imágenes de tomografía computarizada del tiempo preoperatorio (T0) y a los 4 meses (T1) para medir la formación ósea. Los datos se compararon mediante la prueba T, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Se observó una menor reabsorción en el grupo de prueba (p = 0,002). La técnica de preservación del reborde alveolar con Bio-Oss y membrana absorbible fue satisfactoria para evitar cambios en el contorno del tejido. O objetivo desse relato de caso/série de casos foi analisar o padrão de reparo ósseo alveolar após extração com uso de membrana de colágeno associada ou não ao osso bovino liofilizado (Bio-Oss). A amostra foi composta por seis pacientes adultos, com idade variando de 40 a 60 anos, com indicação de extração dos incisivos superiores e posterior reabilitação com implantes dentários, foram distribuídos três participantes aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: Teste - Bio-Oss associado a membrana de colágeno absorvível; Controle - coágulo de sangue associado a uma membrana de colágeno absorvível. Excluídos alvéolos com perdas ósseas significativas, sondagem maior de 4mm, alterações sistêmicas não controladas e tabagista. As extrações foram pouco traumáticas, seguida por protocolo de antiinflamatórios e antibióticos. Imagens de tomografia computadorizada do tempo pré-operatório (T0) e após 4 meses (T1) foram utilizadas para mensurar o enchimento ósseo. Os dados foram comparados pelo teste T, considerando 5% de significância. Menor reabsorção foi observada no grupo teste (p = 0,002). A técnica de preservação do rebordo alveolar com Bio-Oss e membrana absorvível foi satisfatória para prevenir alterações no contorno do tecido.

Background/Purpose This study evaluated the knowledge of last year's students of dentistry (DENT) and medicine (MED) regarding the association between periodontal disease (PD) and systemic disease (SD). Materials and methods: A questionnaire developed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to PD was applied for the students. Results: 287 students participated, 81 from DENT and 206 from MED. 47% of DENT students correctly answered all five questions of true or false, compared to 51% of MED students (p> 0.05). Between MED students, 67% never ask their patients if they have ever been diagnosed with PD; 51% never evaluate their patients for PD; 28% never refer their patients to a dentist; 95% didn’t receive PD training during the course; 61% believe that patients do not expect them to discuss/evaluate PD and 51% agree that discussing/evaluating periodontal condition is secondary to their role. For DENT, 12% never ask their patients if they have ever been diagnosed with PD, although 98% always do the evaluation, and 9% do not feel comfortable doing the periodontal examination. Conclusion: Although the students of both courses presented a good theoretical knowledge about PD and its association with systemic health, when approached regarding clinical practices, the results were unsatisfactory. Introducción /Objetivo Este estudio evaluó los conocimientos de estudiantes de odontología (DENT) y medicina (MED) del último año sobre la asociación entre enfermedad periodontal (EP) y enfermedades sistémicas (SD). Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó a los estudiantes un cuestionario desarrollado para evaluar conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos relacionados con la EP. Resultados: participaron 287 estudiantes, 81 del grupo DENT y 206 del grupo MED. El 47% de los estudiantes de DENT respondieron correctamente las cinco preguntas de verdadero o falso, en comparación con el 51% de los estudiantes de MED (p> 0,05). Entre los estudiantes de MED, el 67% nunca pregunta a sus pacientes si ya han sido diagnosticados con EP; El 51% nunca evalúa a sus pacientes para la EP; El 28% nunca deriva a sus pacientes al dentista; El 95% no recibió formación en DP durante el curso; El 61% cree que los pacientes no esperan que discutan / evalúen la EP y el 51% está de acuerdo en que discutir / evaluar la condición periodontal es secundario a su función. Para DENT, el 12% nunca pregunta a sus pacientes si ya han sido diagnosticados con EP, aunque el 98% siempre hace la evaluación y el 9% no se siente cómodo con el examen periodontal. Conclusión: Si bien los estudiantes de ambos cursos tienen un buen conocimiento teórico sobre la EP y su asociación con la salud sistémica, cuando se aborda en relación a la práctica clínica, los resultados fueron insatisfactorios. Introdução/Objetivo Este estudo avaliou o conhecimento dos alunos concluintes dos cursos de odontologia (DENT) e medicina (MED) sobre a associação entre doença periodontal (DP) e doenças sistêmicas (DS). Materiais e métodos: Foi aplicado aos alunos um questionário desenvolvido para avaliar os conhecimentos, atitudes e comportamentos relacionados com a DP. Resultados: Participaram 287 alunos, 81 do grupo DENT e 206 do grupo MED. 47% dos alunos DENT responderam corretamente todas as cinco questões de verdadeiro ou falso, em comparação com 51% dos alunos de MED (p> 0,05). Entre os estudantes de MED, 67% nunca perguntam a seus pacientes se eles já foram diagnosticados com DP; 51% nunca avaliam seus pacientes para DP; 28% nunca encaminham seus pacientes ao dentista; 95% não receberam treinamento de DP durante o curso; 61% acreditam que os pacientes não esperam que eles discutam / avaliem a DP e 51% concordam que discutir / avaliar a condição periodontal é secundário ao seu papel. Para DENT, 12% nunca perguntam a seus pacientes se eles já foram diagnosticados com DP, embora 98% sempre façam a avaliação e 9% não se sintam confortáveis para fazer o exame periodontal. Conclusão: Embora os alunos de ambos os cursos apresentem bom conhecimento teórico sobre DP e sua associação com a saúde sistêmica, quando abordados quanto à prática clínica, os resultados foram insatisfatórios.

Introduction: Low intensity laser therapy has been used to accelerate the ulcers healing due to its healing, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-edematous effects. Contaminations by bacteria or fungi on these ulcers commonly happen, constituting a major complication of healing, but there is no consensus about laser therapy bactericidal or fungicidal effect. Objective: To analyze the effects of different times of appliantion using the 808nm and 660nm lasers on cultures of different bacterial species and fungi in vitro. Method: Fifteen Petri plates were prepared, 12 plates containing Gram-positive (3 Staphylococcus aureus plates, 3 Enterococcus plates) and gram negative bacterias (3 Escherichia coli , 3 Klebsiella pneumonia plates) and 3 Petri plates with the fungi Candida albicans . Plates were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 plates each group. Plates of Group 1 were irradiated with 660 nm laser at nine different points (A, A 1 , A 2 /B, B 1 , B 2 /C, C 1 , C 2 ), and points A/B/C reciebed only one application, points A 1 ,B 1 ,C 1 received 2 applications and points A 2 ,B 2 ,C 2 received 3 applications. Plates from group 2 where irradiated with 660nm also in nine diferente points, following the same criterea of group 1, while plate of group 3 where used as control, without irradiation. Groups 1 and 2 were irradiated with 144 J/cm² dose at point A (irradiation time of 2 minutes and 15 seconds), point B (irradiation time of 1 minute 7 seconds) and at point C (40 seconds). After the irradiations the plates were incubated for 24 hours. The cultures were visually examined to check the presence or not of the inhibition zone. Results: In all the groups, no zone of inhibition nor growth were observed, indicating no bactericidal/fungicidal and/or bactericidal effect, in other words, in all groups and locations with different time exposures (A - 30 mW, B - and C 60 mW - 100 mW) the growth of bacteria and fungi were equal. Conclusion: Low intensity laser therapy (808nm and 660nm) did not produce bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic effects, and even no bio-stimulant effect on the bacteria.

Aim To evaluate the influence of gingival thickness and bone grafting on buccal bone plate remodelling after immediate implant placement in sockets with thin buccal bone, using a flapless approach. Materials and Methods The gingiva of eight dogs was thinned at one side of the mandible, mandibular premolars were extracted without flaps, and four implants were installed on each side at 1.5 mm from the buccal bone. The sites were randomly assigned into: TG (test group) = thin gingiva; TG + GM (TG with grafting material); CG (control group) = normal gingiva; and CG + GM (CG with grafting material). After 12 weeks the dogs were sacrificed and the samples were processed for histological analysis. Results All animals exhibited a thin buccal bone initially. In all the experimental groups the buccal gap was filled with newly formed bone and the buccal bone level was slightly apical to the implant shoulder. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups for the histomorphometric parameters. Conclusions The thickness of the buccal bone was a fundamental factor in buccal bone plate resorption, even with flapless implantation. The gingival thickness or the addition of a biomaterial in the gap did not influence the results.

AIM To evaluate the effect of the prebiotic (PREB) mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the progression of the experimental periodontitis (EP) and intestinal morphology in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty rats were randomly allocated into groups (n = 10): C (control), PREB, EP and EP-PREB. Groups PREB and EP-PREB received MOS incorporated into the feed daily. After 30 days, groups EP and EP-PREB received a cotton ligature around their mandibular first molars, kept for 14 days. Morphometrical, histomorphometrical, microcomputed tomography, gene expression analyses and immunohistochemistry were performed. Data were statistically analysed (p

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of systemic administration of probiotics (PROB) on the progression of experimentally induced oral and intestinal mucositis in rats immunosuppressed by chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil: 5-FU). Twenty-four rats were divided into the following groups (n=6): GC (control), GPROB, G5FU and G5-FU/PROB. Groups GPROB and G5-FU/PROB received 1g of probiotic incorporated into each 100g of feed ( Bacillus subtilis , Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacilllus acidophilus), beginning 30 days before oral mucositis induction. Groups G5FU and G5-FU/PROB received 60 mg/kg of 5-FU on days 0 and 2. The left oral mucosa of each animal was irritated by mechanical trauma (days 1 and 2). On days 3 and 7, three animals from each group were sacrificed, and their oral mucosa and small intestine were biopsied and processed for histopathological analysis. Groups G5-FU and G5-FU/PROB showed ulcerated oral lesions at day 3, with progression in group G5-FU and regression in group G5-FU/PROB at day 7. Histologically, less severe signs of inflammation in the oral mucosa were observed in group G5-FU/PROB than in group G5-FU. Regarding the intestine, villus-related defects of lesser magnitude were observed in group G5-FU/PROB, compared with group G5-FU. Group GPROB showed greater villus height than group GC. It can be concluded that probiotic supplementation reduced oral and intestinal inflammation in immunosuppressed rats with experimentally induced mucositis, and may protect the intestine from changes induced by chemotherapy, thus contributing to overall health.Keywords: Drug Therapy; Intestines; Mucositis; Stomatitis; Probiotics

Gingival recessions (GRs) in anterior teeth are the most common complaint of patients for disharmony in the smile. The objective is to show a clinical case of GR treatment by the tunnel technique associated with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). We report a patient of 56-year-old, female, frequents specialization clinic of periodontics to treat Miller's Class I GR of 11 and 21 teeth. It was used tunnel technique because it does not result in scarring. This technique was associated with SCTG to guarantee increase the gingival thickness. After 14 days, the gingival margin was over the cemento-enamel junction with esthetic harmony. The position stability was maintained for 90 and 180 days. It is possible to conclude that a modified tunnel technique can be considered as a treatment of multiple GR on esthetic area.

Background Several approaches have been used to counteract alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction. Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of gingival thickness and bone grafting on buccal bone remodeling in extraction sockets with thin buccal bone, using a flapless approach. Materials and methods The gingiva of 8 dogs was thinned at one side of the mandible and mandibular premolars were extracted without flaps. The sockets were randomly assigned to the test group (thin gingiva) (TG), the test group with grafting material TG + GM, the control group (normal gingiva) (CG), or the control group with grafting material CG + GM. Ground sections were prepared from 12-week healing biopsies, and histomorphometry and fluorescence analysis were performed. Results In the groups with thin gingiva, numerically greater buccal bone loss was observed, while there were no differences between grafted and nongrafted sites. A numerically higher rate of mineralization was observed for the grafted sites, as compared with the nongrafted sites, at 12 weeks. Conclusions A thin buccal bone plate leads to higher bone loss in extraction sockets, even with flapless surgery. The gingival thickness or the use of a graft material did not prevent buccal bone resorption in a naturally thin biotype, but modified the mineralization process.

Subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) has been extensively used for a variety of clinical applications. However, the surgical procedure may not allow control of graft thickness. The purpose of this case series is to illustrate a modification to the single incision palatal harvesting technique in order to control the SCTG thickness without increasing patient discomfort. Fifty cases from thirty systemically and periodontally healthy patients with at least one multiple gingival recession were treated with coronally advanced flaps combined with a SCTG. The palatal area served as the donor site, from where a single perpendicular incision was made to obtain a full thickness flap. Next, 1-2 mm of the flap was elevated and dissected to obtain a partial thickness flap. The graft remained attached to the full-partial thickness flap. After determining the desired SCTG thickness, the graft was harvested from the palatal flap. The patients healed uneventfully at 7 days postoperatively and primary closure was obtained for all palatal donor sites. The SCTG length and width varied depending on the needs of each case, but the SCTG thickness was well controlled with only 0.24 mm standard deviation. The suggested modification granted control of the SCTG dimensions and achieved complete wound closure within a week. O enxerto de tecido conjuntivo (ETC) tem sido amplamente utilizado para várias aplicações clínicas. Entretanto, o procedimento cirúrgico pode não permitir o controle da espessura do enxerto gengival. O objetivo deste relato de casos seriados é descrever uma nova técnica cirúrgica que modifica a técnica de incisão única para remoção de enxerto gengival, permitindo o controle da espessura do ETC sem aumentar o desconforto do paciente. Cinquenta casos foram realizados em trinta pacientes sistemicamente e periodontalmente saudáveis, que apresentavam pelo menos uma retração gengival múltipla, a qual foi tratada pela técnica de retalho avançado coronalmente combinada com ETC. O palato serviu como área doadora, uma incisão perpendicular foi realizada para criar um retalho total. Em seguida 1-2 mm do retalho foi elevado e dissecado para obter um retalho parcial. O ETC permaneceu retido no retalho total-parcial. Depois de determinar qual a espessura desejada do ETC, o enxerto foi removido do palato. Os pacientes apresentaram cicatrização sem complicações em 7 dias, com fechamento da ferida por primeira intenção em todos os casos. A largura e comprimento do ETC variaram conforme a necessidade de cada caso clínico, mas a espessura do ETC foi bem controlada, com apenas 0,24 mm de desvio padrão. A sugestão de modificação de técnica cirúrgica para remoção de ETC permite controlar as dimensões do ETC e fechamento da ferida por primeira intenção em 7 dias.

The aim of this study was to analyze through clinical and histomorphometric parameters the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) with or without mineralized bone allograft (AB) on bone formation in human alveoli after a 6- to 8-month healing period. A total of 19 patients in need of extraction of the maxillary anterior teeth were selected and randomly assigned to the test group (ADM plus AB) or to the control group (ADM only). Clinical and histomorphometric measurements and histologic analysis were recorded 6 to 8 months after ridge preservation procedures. Clinical parameters and amount of mineralized and nonmineralized tissue were measured and analyzed. In the clinical measurements, the test group showed reduced bone loss in the buccopalatal dimension after 6 to 8 months (intragroup analysis P < .01). Histologic findings showed higher percentages of mineralized tissue and lower percentages of nonmineralized tissue in the test group when compared with the control group (P < .05). In this randomized controlled clinical and histomorphometric study in humans, acellular dermal matrix in association with mineralized bone allograft reduced alveolar bone loss in the anterior maxillae both in height and width after a follow-up period of 6 to 8 months.

Tissue engineering principles could improve the incorporation of acellular dermal matrix (ADM). The aim of this study is to verify if ADM is a suitable three-dimensional matrix for gingival fibroblasts and cancerous cells ingrowth, and also if cultured medium conditioned in ADM affect cellular behavior.Canine gingival fibroblasts (CGF), human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), and murine melanoma cell line (B16F10) were seeded on ADM for up to 14 days. The following parameters were assessed: morphology and distribution of CGF, HGF, and B16F10; CGF and HGF viability; and the effect of ADM conditioned medium (CM) on CGF viability.Epifluorescence revealed that CGF were unevenly distributed on the ADM surface, showing no increase in cell number over the periods of study; HGF formed a monolayer on the ADM surface in a higher number at 14 days (P0.05); B16F10 exhibited an increase in cell number within 7 days (P0.05), and were mainly arranged in cell aggregates on the ADM, forming a continuous layer at 14 days. A higher percentage of cells on the ADM surface (P0.05) compared to inside was observed for all cell types. 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) values indicated higher cell viability in samples cultured with HGF compared to CGF (P = 0.024). A significantly lower cell viability for CGF grown in CM compared to cells grown in non-CM was observed at 48 and 72 hours (P0.05).ADM is not suitable as a three-dimensional matrix for gingival fibroblasts ingrowth. Gingival fibroblasts and highly proliferative cells as B16F10 can only be superficially located on ADM, and CGF are negatively affected by culture medium conditioned in ADM, reducing its viability.

Nails have been suggested as suitable biomarkers of exposure to F, with the advantage of being easily obtained. The effect of water F concentration, age, gender, nail growth rate and geographical area on the F concentration in the fingernail and toenail clippings were evaluated. Volunteers (n = 300) aged 3-7, 14-20, 30-40 and 50-60 years from five Brazilian communities (A-E) participated. Drinking water and nail samples were collected and F concentration was analyzed with the electrode. A reference mark was made on each nail and growth rates were calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and linear regression (alpha = 0.05). Mean water F concentrations (+/- SE, mg/l) were 0.09 +/- 0.01, 0.15 +/- 0.01, 0.66 +/- 0.01, 0.72 +/- 0.02, and 1.68 +/- 0.08 for A-E, respectively. Mean F concentrations (+/- SE, mg/kg) ranged between 1.38 +/- 0.14 (A, 50-60 years) and 10.20 +/- 2.35 (D, 50-60 years) for fingernails, and between 0.92 +/- 0.08 (A, 14-20 years) and 7.35 +/- 0.80 (E, 50-60 years) for toenails. Among the tested factors, geographical area and water F concentration exerted the most influence on finger- and toenail F concentrations. Subjects of older age groups (30-40 and 50-60 years) from D and E showed higher nail F concentrations than the others. Females presented higher nail F concentration than males. Water F concentration, age, gender and geographical area influenced the F concentration of finger- and toenails, and hence should be taken into account when using this biomarker of exposure to predict risk for dental fluorosis.

The aim of this randomized controlled clinical study was to compare the extended flap technique (EFT) with the coronally advanced flap technique (CAF) using a porcine collagen matrix (PCM) for root coverage. Twenty patients with two bilateral gingival recessions, Miller class I or II on non-molar teeth were treated with CAF+PCM (control group) or EFT+PCM (test group). Clinical measurements of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession height (RH), keratinized tissue height (KTH), keratinized mucosa thickness (KMT) were determined at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-surgery. At 6 months, the mean root coverage for test group was 81.89%, and for control group it was 62.80% (p