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With the increasing worldwide rate of chronic diseases, such as cancer, the development of novel techniques to improve the efficacy of therapeutic agents is highly demanded. Nanoparticles are especially well suited to encapsulate drugs and other therapeutic agents, bringing additional advantages, such as less frequent dosage requirements, reduced side effects due to specific targeting, and therefore increased patient compliance. However, with the increasing use of nanoparticles and their recent launch on the pharmaceutical market, it is important to achieve high-quality control of these advanced systems. In this review, we discuss the properties of different nanoparticles, the pharmacokinetics, the biosafety issues of concern, and conclude with novel nanotherapeutics and nanotheragnostics for cancer drug delivery.

espanolLa experiencia estetica de Maria Zambrano se articula en torno a un centro de valores sensibles del hombre. Valores que le permiten sentir constantemente la necesidad y el deseo de ir mas alla, de ver de otro modo la simple fruicion artistica y, de esta manera, tender hacia ese nucleo etico encarnado en la propia existencia: de su existencia unica de y en el cosmos. En nuestra reflexion queremos centrarnos en algunos detalles de su produccion estetica, que denota una rara sensibilidad filosofica en el desierto desolado de la barbarie del siglo xx, para identificar ese singular encanto de la mirada zambraniana orientada hacia la belleza: unica posibilidad que tiene el ser humano de no perderse en los meandros de la oscuridad del mundo y, en muchos casos, de su alma. EnglishMaria Zambrano’s aesthetic experience articulates itself around a center of sensible values of man. It is, in fact, the experience of an elsewhere or otherwise also with respect to the traditional way in which the aesthetic fruition has been understood. For Zambrano, aesthetic fruition is an experience in which the subject feels himself united with that ethical nucleus whose presence fills the body with the very existence of his being a creature of and in the cosmos. In our reflection, then, we would like to dwell on some aspects of Zambrano’s aesthetic production, because, by rehabilitating the enchantment of a gaze oriented towards beauty it stands out from others developed in the 1900s. Being sensitive to beauty and letting oneself be enchanted by it is, for Zambrano, the only chance that the human being has to not get lost in the gloomy darkness of the world which, in so many cases, is also the one affecting his soul. italianoL’esperienza estetica di Maria Zambrano e articolata intorno ad un centro di valori sensibili dell’uomo. Valori che gli permettono di sentire costantemente la necessita ed il desiderio di andare oltre, di guardare in altro modo la semplice fruizione artistica e, cosi, tendere verso quel nucleo etico incarnato nella sua stessa esistenza: della sua esistenza unica del e nel cosmo. Vogliamo centrare la nostra riflessione su alcuni dettagli della sua produzione estetica, che denota una rara sensibilita filosofica nel deserto desolato della barbarie del xx secolo, per identificare quell’incanto speciale dello sguardo zambraniano orientato alla bellezza: unica possibilita per l’essere umano di non perdersi nei meandri dell’oscurita del mondo e, in molti casi, della sua anima.

En este artículo se analiza la complejidad del concepto de razón vital que, según Ortega, constituye una dimensión básica e irrenunciable y conduce ineludiblemente a la razón histórica, puesto que subordina el conocimiento del mundo a la misma construcción de la realidad histórica. Esta propuesta orteguiana nos permite entender la realidad humana, cuya expresividad es esencialmente narrativa, y nos enseña a apreciar la vida por sí misma y los valores que le son característicos. Se trata de una modalidad de pensamiento que marca un referente conceptual, incluso para entender la luminosa escritura zambraniana. Pero si Ortega describe el modo peculiar de la razón vital, que solo puede ser entendida a través de las dinámicas del devenir histórico en su desplegarse como texto vital, María Zambrano vive esta singular narración mediante el pensamiento encarnado, que configura la realidad desde la mirada del interior y un nuevo método que implica nuevos modos de lectura del universo., This article analyzes the complexity of the concept of vital reason, which is, for Ortega, a fundamental dimension that invariably leads to the historical reason, being essentially narrative in the dynamic structure of historical life (or historical reason that becomes vital). This proposal defines a conceptual referent, even for understanding the Zambrano’s luminous writing. However, if Ortega describes the peculiar nature of the vital reason, which can only be understood through the dynamics historical narrative as vital text, María Zambrano lives this reason as a unique narration through her writing, the interior gaze and new ways of the universe.