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1. Mycoplasmas are no exception to extracellular vesicles release: Revisiting old concepts.

Author

Patrice Gaurivaud, Sarah Ganter, Alexandre Villard, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Didier Chevret, Christelle Boulé, Véronique Monnet, and Florence Tardy

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Release of extracellular vesicles (EV) by Gram-negative and positive bacteria is being frequently reported. EV are nano-sized, membrane-derived, non-self-replicating, spherical structures shed into the extracellular environment that could play a role in bacteria-host interactions. Evidence of EV production in bacteria belonging to the class Mollicutes, which are wall-less, is mainly restricted to the genus Acholeplasma and is scanty for the Mycoplasma genus that comprises major human and animal pathogens. Here EV release by six Mycoplasma (sub)species of clinical importance was investigated. EV were obtained under nutritional stress conditions, purified by ultracentrifugation and observed by electron microscopy. The membrane proteins of EV from three different species were further identified by mass spectrometry as a preliminary approach to determining their potential role in host-pathogen interactions. EV were shown to be released by all six (sub)species although their quantities and sizes (30-220 nm) were very variable. EV purification was complicated by the minute size of viable mycoplasmal cells. The proteins of EV-membranes from three (sub)species included major components of host-pathogen interactions, suggesting that EV could contribute to make the host-pathogen interplay more complex. The process behind EV release has yet to be deciphered, although several observations demonstrated their active release from the plasma membrane of living cells. This work shed new light on old concepts of "elementary bodies" and "not-cell bound antigens".

Published
2018
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2. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Author

Lucia Manso-Silvan, François Thiaucourt, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease, Ongule, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Mycoplasma capricolum, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, 0403 veterinary science, Chèvre, 0303 health sciences, Goat Diseases, Maladie transfrontière, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 3. Good health, Test ELISA, Enzootic, McCp, Mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae, Fastidious organism, Isolation (health care), Vaccin, 040301 veterinary sciences, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, CCPP, Diagnostic, Pleuropneumonie contagieuse caprine, Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, 030306 microbiology, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification
Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, is an OIE-listed disease affecting goats and wild ungulate species. CCPP is present in Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia, but its exact distribution is unknown, particularly in Asia. It is enzootic in the Middle East and East Africa, while it has only been sporadically reported in North and Central Africa and, though suspected, has never been identified in West Africa. In addition, there are very few studies reporting the prevalence and losses induced by CCPP, which are greatly underestimated. This uncertainty over the distribution and impact of CCPP is partly due to the fastidious nature of its etiologic agent, which is difficult to identify, particularly when it circulates in an insidious, mild, or asymptomatic form, favored by the use of antibiotic treatments. However, specific molecular and serological tests are now available for the diagnosis of CCPP, even in the absence of isolation. The main limitation of CCPP surveillance remains the lack of awareness by veterinary services. Vaccines based on inactivated antigens in saponin can induce good protection and their variable quality may now be assessed using a specific ELISA. However, they are very expensive, and there is a paucity of vaccine producers to satisfy their demand. Efforts must urgently be directed to the development of cheaper, quality-controlled vaccines to be extensively used in the field. The global campaign to eradicate “peste des petits ruminants” by 2030 may be a great opportunity to target other goat diseases such as CCPP.

Published
2019
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3. Development of fluorescence expression tools to study host-mycoplasma interactions and validation in two distant mycoplasma clades

Author

François Thiaucourt, Tiffany Bonnefois, Marie-Stéphanie Vernerey, Philippe Totté, Valérie Rodrigues, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Carinne Puech, Chantal Ripoll, Manso-Silvan, Lucia, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Biodiversité et Ecologie, mycoplasma, fluorescence, whole cell labelling, host-pathogen interactions, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, L73 - Maladies des animaux, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, law.invention, law, Haemobartonella, Flow cytometry, Cells, Cultured, Genetics, Phagocytes, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, cytotoxicité, General Medicine, Recombinant Proteins, Molecular Imaging, 3. Good health, Mycoplasma mycoides, host pathogen systems, Biotechnology, Whole cell labelling, Green Fluorescent Proteins, 030106 microbiology, protéine fluorescente, Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique), Bioengineering, Fluorescence, Microbiology, Biodiversity and Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Confocal microscopy, medicine, Animals, fluorescent protein, Mycoplasma Infections, clone, Host-pathogen interactions, interaction hôte pathogène, Reproducibility of Results, Mycoplasma, biology.organism_classification, In vitro, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Cytoplasm, Cattle, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, mCherry
Abstract

Fluorescence expression tools for stable and innocuous whole mycoplasma cell labelling have been developed. A Tn4001-derivative mini-transposon affording unmarked, stable mutagenesis in mycoplasmas was modified to allow the constitutive, high-level expression of mCherry, mKO2 and mNeonGreen. These tools were used to introduce the respective fluorescent proteins as chromosomal tags in the phylogenetically distant species Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and Mycoplasma bovis. The production, selection and characterisation of fluorescent clones were straightforward and resulted in the unprecedented observation of red and green fluorescent mycoplasma colonies in the two species, with no apparent cytotoxicity. Equivalent fluorescence expression levels were quantified by flow cytometry in both species, suggesting that these tools can be broadly applied in mycoplasmas. A macrophage infection assay was performed to assess the usefulness of mNeonGreen-expressing strains for monitoring mycoplasma infections, and notably cell invasion. The presence of fluorescent mycoplasmas inside live phagocytic cells was detected and quantified by flow cytometry and corroborated by confocal microscopy, which allowed the identification of individual mycoplasmas in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The fluorescence expression tools developed in this study are suitable for host-pathogen interaction studies and offer innumerable perspectives for the functional analysis of mycoplasmas both in vitro and in vivo.

Published
2016
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4. Proteases as secreted exoproteins in mycoplasmas from ruminant lungs and their impact on surface-exposed proteins

Author

Sarah Ganter, Lucia Manso-Silvan, François Thiaucourt, Patrice Gaurivaud, Guylaine Miotello, Florence Tardy, Jean Armengaud, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Proteases, Ruminant, medicine.medical_treatment, Virulence, Biology, L73 - Maladies des animaux, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Mycoplasma, Maladie pulmonaire, medicine, Animals, Secretion, Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Lung, 030304 developmental biology, Serine protease, 0303 health sciences, Protease, Ecology, 030306 microbiology, exosecretion, Mycoplasma mycoides, Membrane Proteins, Ruminants, biology.organism_classification, Protéine microbiologique, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Ectodomain, Protéase, biology.protein, proteases, posttranslational cleavage, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Food Science, Biotechnology, Peptide Hydrolases
Abstract

International audience; Many mycoplasma species are isolated from the ruminant lungs as either saprophytes or true pathogens. These wall-less bacteria possess a minimal genome and reduced metabolic capabilities. Accordingly, they rely heavily on their hosts for the supply of essential metabolites and, notably, peptides. Seven of 13 ruminant lung-associated Mycoplasma (sub)species were shown to possess caseinolytic activity when grown in rich media and assessed with a quantitative fluorescence test. For some species, this activity was detected in spent medium, an indication that proteases were secreted outside the mycoplasma cells. To identify these proteases, we incubated concentrated washed cell pellets in a defined medium and analyzed the supernatants by tandem mass spectrometry. Secreted-protease activity was detected mostly in the species belonging to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster (MMC) and, to a lesser extent, in Mycoplasma bovirhinis. Analyzing a Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri strain, chosen as a model, we identified 35 expressed proteases among 55 predicted coding genes, of which 5 were preferentially found in the supernatant. Serine protease S41, acquired by horizontal gene transfer, was responsible for the caseinolytic activity, as demonstrated by zymography and mutant analysis. In an M. capricolum mutant, inactivation of the S41 protease resulted in marked modification of the expression or secretion of 17 predicted surface-exposed proteins. This is an indication that the S41 protease could have a role in posttranslational cleavage of surface-exposed proteins and ectodomain shedding, whose physiological impacts still need to be explored. IMPORTANCE Few studies pertaining to proteases in ruminant mycoplasmas have been reported. Here, we focus on proteases that are secreted outside the mycoplasma cell using a mass spectrometry approach. The most striking result is the identification, within the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, of a serine protease that is exclusively detected outside the mycoplasma cells and is responsible for casein digestion. This protease may also be involved in the posttranslational processing of surface proteins, as suggested by analysis of mutants showing a marked reduction in the secretion of extracellular proteins. By analogy, this finding may help increase understanding of the mechanisms underlying this ectodomain shedding in other mycoplasma species. The gene encoding this protease is likely to have been acquired via horizontal gene transfer from Gram-positive bacteria and sortase-associated surface proteases. Whether this protease and the associated ectodomain shedding are related to virulence has yet to be ascertained.

Published
2019
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5. Recommended rejection of the names Malacoplasma gen. nov., Mesomycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., Mycoplasmoides gen. nov., Mycoplasmopsis gen. nov. [Gupta, Sawnani, Adeolu, Alnajar and Oren 2018] and all proposed species comb. nov. placed therein

Author

Ana S. Ramírez, Joachim Spergser, Ludwig E. Hoelzle, Alain Blanchard, Mitchell F. Balish, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Gail E. Gasparich, Thomas F. Knight, David Taylor-Robinson, Dmitriy Volokhov, Chih-Horng Kuo, J. Dennis Pollack, Joachim Frey, Victoria J. Chalker, Daniel R. Brown, Assunta Bertaccini, Meghan May, Glenn F. Browning, Yan Zhao, and Christine L. Knox

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Systematics, Nomenclature, Zoology, General Medicine, Taxonomie, Subspecies, Biology, L73 - Maladies des animaux, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, International code, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Mycoplasmatales, Taxonomy (biology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, H20 - Maladies des plantes
Abstract

The consensus of the members of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes' Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Mollicutes is that recently proposed sweeping changes to nomenclature of members of the Mycoplasmatales, specifically involving introduction of the names Malacoplasma gen. nov., Mesomycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasmataceaefam. nov., Mycoplasmoidaceaefam. nov., Mycoplasmoidalesord. nov., Mycoplasmoides gen. nov., Mycoplasmopsis gen. nov., and all proposed species or subspecies comb. nov. placed therein, should be rejected because they violate one or more essential points of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes.

Published
2019

6. Interactions between Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and bovine macrophages under physiological conditions.

Author

Philippe Totté, Tiffany Bonnefois, and Lucia Manso-Silván

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

We investigated the interactions of unopsonized and opsonized Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) with bovine macrophages in vitro. Mmm survived and proliferated extracellularly on bovine macrophage cell layers in the absence of Mmm-specific antisera. Bovine complement used at non-bactericidal concentrations did neither have opsonizing effect nor promoted intracellular survival, whereas Mmm-specific antisera substantially increased phagocytosis and Mmm killing. A phagocytosis-independent uptake of Mmm by macrophages occurred at a high multiplicity of infection, also found to induce the production of TNF, and both responses were unaffected by non-bactericidal doses of bovine complement. Bovine complement used at higher doses killed Mmm in cell-free cultures and completely abrogated TNF responses by macrophages. These results provide a framework to identify Mmm antigens involved in interactions with macrophages and targeted by potentially protective antibodies and point towards a pivotal role of complement in the control of inflammatory responses in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.

Published
2024
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7. Mycoplasmas are no exception to extracellular vesicles release: Revisiting old concepts

Author

Florence Tardy, Didier Chevret, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Sarah Ganter, Patrice Gaurivaud, Alexandre Villard, Christelle Boulé, Véronique Monnet, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Université de Lyon (COMUE), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), and French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pathogenesis, L73 - Maladies des animaux, medicine.disease_cause, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry, Mycoplasma, Medicine and Health Sciences, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Multidisciplinary, biology, Chemistry, Vesicle, 000 - Autres thèmes, Bacterial Pathogens, Mycoplasma Mycoides, Extracellular Matrix, Medical Microbiology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Medicine, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Ultracentrifuge, Pathogens, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Mycoplasma mycoides, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Research Article, Science, Lipoproteins, Mollicutes, Cell Fractionation, Microbiology, Protein–protein interaction, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracellular Vesicles, Bacterial Proteins, medicine, Extracellular, Humans, Mycoplasma Infections, Vesicles, Protein Interactions, Microbial Pathogens, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Bacteria, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Microscopy, Electron, 030104 developmental biology, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, Membrane protein
Abstract

International audience; Release of extracellular vesicles (EV) by Gram-negative and positive bacteria is being frequently reported. EV are nano-sized, membrane-derived, non-self-replicating, spherical structures shed into the extracellular environment that could play a role in bacteria-host interactions. Evidence of EV production in bacteria belonging to the class Mollicutes, which are wall-less, is mainly restricted to the genus Acholeplasma and is scanty for the Mycoplasma genus that comprises major human and animal pathogens. Here EV release by six Mycoplasma (sub)species of clinical importance was investigated. EV were obtained under nutritional stress conditions, purified by ultracentrifugation and observed by electron micros-copy. The membrane proteins of EV from three different species were further identified by mass spectrometry as a preliminary approach to determining their potential role in host-pathogen interactions. EV were shown to be released by all six (sub)species although their quantities and sizes (30-220 nm) were very variable. EV purification was complicated by the minute size of viable mycoplasmal cells. The proteins of EV-membranes from three (sub)species included major components of host-pathogen interactions, suggesting that EV could contribute to make the host-pathogen interplay more complex. The process behind EV release has yet to be deciphered, although several observations demonstrated their active release from the plasma membrane of living cells. This work shed new light on old concepts of "elementary bodies" and "not-cell bound antigens".

Published
2018
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8. Phylogeny and molecular typing of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis by multilocus sequencing

Author

François Thiaucourt, Umit Ozdemir, Inna Lysnyansky, Lucia Manso-Silvan, and Virginie Dupuy

Subjects
Mycoplasma bovis, Phylogénie, Identification, Turkey, Mycoplasma agalactiae, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Genotype, Israel, Phylogeny, Genetics, Phylogenetic tree, Strain (biology), Biodiversity, General Medicine, Petits ruminants, Ruminant, Biology, Microbiology, Variation génétique, Species Specificity, Phylogenetics, Biotype, Animals, Bovin, General Veterinary, ved/biology, Biologie moléculaire, Genetic Variation, 16S ribosomal RNA, rpoB, Genes, Bacterial, Multilocus sequence typing, Cattle, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract

Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis are important pathogens producing similar pathologies in small ruminants and cattle, respectively. They share many phenotypic and genotypic traits and comparison of their 16S rDNA sequences lacks sufficient resolution for phylogenetic analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to analyse the phylogenetic relationships between M. agalactiae and M. bovis and to assess its use for unequivocal strain characterisation and molecular typing. An MLST based on fusA, gyrB, lepA and rpoB was applied to a sample of strains from both species, some of which could not be classified by serology or PCR. A robust phylogenetic tree was inferred, where the two species were clearly resolved. The use of this tool for the molecular typing of M. agalactiae strains was further evaluated on 19 presumably unrelated isolates, resulting in the discrimination of 14 sequence types (ST). The discriminatory power was increased (17 ST) by including an alternative target located in a more variable region. The diversity of M. agalactiae in Turkey (9 strains) and Israel (15 strains) was also assessed. Five closely related ST were evidenced in Turkey and 6 in Israel, with one ST common to both countries. Each country showed a predominant type that persisted over years. The MLST scheme developed here constitutes a universal tool for unequivocal strain characterisation and global, long-term screening of dissemination of M. agalactiae and M. bovis, whereas addition of more variable, non-housekeeping gene targets allows precise epidemiological investigations.

Published
2012
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9. Multi-locus sequence analysis reveals great genetic diversity among Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strains in Asia

Author

Arooba Akhtar, Anne Boissière, Huafang Hao, Muhammad Saeed, Virginie Dupuy, Antoni Exbrayat, Farhan Anwar Khan, Yuefeng Chu, and Lucía Manso-Silván

Subjects
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, multi-locus sequence analysis, molecular epidemiology, Asia, Africa, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) strains from Asia revealed unforeseen diversity and a central position for genotyping groups representing strains from Central/East Asia, suggesting a possible origin of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in this continent. A better assessment of the emergence, diversity and distribution of Mccp in Asia and Africa calls for renewed efforts to dramatically enlarge the sample of strains. Availability and affordability in the field, added to superior typeability (directly from poor samples) and high stability, discriminatory power and concordance with epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses, make MLSA an excellent tool for such investigations.

Published
2022
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10. Detection of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in East Turkey

Author

Recep Kalin, Burhan Çetinkaya, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Eray Atil, Murat Karahan, and François Thiaucourt

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Prevalence, General Medicine, Biology, Subspecies, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, law.invention, Mycoplasma capricolum, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, law, Pleuropneumonia, medicine, Herd, Animal Science and Zoology, Mycoplasma mycoides, Polymerase chain reaction
Abstract

A study was implemented to investigate the presence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in East Turkey. This study was based on clinical surveillance in the field, surveillance at regional slaughterhouses and regular submission of suspected lesions to regional laboratories. The results showed that the agent of CCPP, Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp), could be detected by culture and specific polymerase chain reaction from 37.5% (12/32) of lung samples taken from goats of ten different herds. This agent was also isolated from two of 13 sheep samples (one from the lung and the other from a nasal swab). Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae was isolated in pure culture and characterised at a finer molecular level. The East Turkish isolate was found to be closely related to another strain of Turkish origin, as well as to Mccp strains isolated in Tunisia. The isolation of Mccp from sheep lung lesions brings the strict host-specificity of this pathogen into question. It may also indicate that Mccp presents a risk for wildlife in the region. Such results, the authors believe, demonstrate that adequate risk assessments should be undertaken in Turkey and neighbouring countries.

Published
2009
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11. Selective medium for culture of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Author

Beth S Cook, Andrew N. Rycroft, Gareth A. Maglennon, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Jessicxa G. Beddow, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), University of London, MSD Animal Health, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), BBSRC and Pfizer Animal Health (now Zoetis) for financial support of CASE studentships to BSC and LM-S. ANR, GAM and JGB were supported by BBSRC grant BB/ G020744/1 of which 5% of the funds were contributed by Zoetis., and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Fastidious organism, pig, food.ingredient, culture medium, Short Communication, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], selective medium, Liquid medium, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Microbiology, Neutralization, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Species Specificity, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, serum antibodies, medicine, Agar, pneumonia, milieu de culture, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcin, Bacteriological Techniques, pneumonie enzootique, General Veterinary, biology, animal health, santé animale, milieu sélectif, Respiratory pathogen, mycoplasma hyorhinis, pigs, Kanamycin, enzootic pneumonia, General Medicine, selective culture, biology.organism_classification, veterinary(all), Virology, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Culture Media, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.drug, pathogen, agent pathogène
Abstract

Highlights • Systematic improvements to the medium for growth of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. • Development of selective medium for M. hyopneumoniae inhibitory to M. hyorhinis. • Improved colony size of M. hyopneumoniae. • Improved reproducibility of culture for use in genetic manipulations., The fastidious porcine respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has proven difficult to culture since it was first isolated in 1965. A reliable solid medium has been particularly challenging. Moreover, clinical and pathological samples often contain the fast-growing M. hyorhinis which contaminates and overgrows M. hyopneumoniae in primary culture. The aim of this study was to optimise the culture medium for recovery of M. hyopneumoniae and to devise a medium for selection of M. hyopneumoniae from clinical samples also containing M. hyorhinis. The solid medium devised by Niels Friis was improved by use of Purified agar and incorporation of DEAE-dextran. Addition of glucose or neutralization of acidity in liquid medium with NaOH did not improve the final yield of viable organisms or alter the timing of peak viability. Analysis of the relative susceptibility of M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis strains to four antimicrobials showed that M. hyopneumoniae is less susceptible than M. hyorhinis to kanamycin. This was consistent in all UK and Danish strains tested. A concentration of 2 μg/ml of kanamycin selectively inhibited the growth of all M. hyorhinis tested, while M. hyopneumoniae was able to grow. This forms the basis of an effective selective culture medium for M. hyopneumoniae.

Published
2016
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12. A specific PCR for the identification of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP)

Author

François Thiaucourt, Armelle Peyraud, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Sophie Lorenzon, and Salah Woubit

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Hydrolases, Molecular Sequence Data, L73 - Maladies des animaux, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, Mycoplasma capricolum, law.invention, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma, law, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, medicine, Animals, Surveillance épidémiologique, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Arginine deiminase pathway, Polymerase chain reaction, Goat Diseases, Base Sequence, General Veterinary, biology, Goats, Mycoplasma mycoides, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, PCR, Pleuropneumonia, Mollicutes, Mycoplasmose
Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is a severe infectious disease of goats in Africa and the Middle East. It is caused by a fastidious mycoplasma, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, a member of the "M. mycoides cluster". Members of this cluster share genomic and antigenic features, which result in common biochemical and serological properties, complicating species identification. Two species of this cluster, M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony biotype, are very often isolated from clinical cases resembling contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Furthermore, in the laboratory, M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae can be easily confused with the closely related capricolum subspecies. Considering these constraints and the scarcity of available methods for identification, a specific polymerase chain reaction was developed. A DNA fragment of 7109 bp containing genes coding for the arginine deiminase pathway (ADI) was chosen as target sequence for the selection of a specific primer pair. The full ADI operon from M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strain GL100 was sequenced. Polymorphism within this locus was analyzed by comparison with the sequence from the closely related IPX strain (M. capricolum subsp. capricolum). It varied from 0.6% to 3.5%. The highest divergence was found in a region coding for arcD. Therefore, this gene was chosen as target for the specific amplification of a 316 bp-long DNA fragment. The specificity of this PCR was validated on 14 M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strains and 27 heterologous strains belonging to the "M. mycoides cluster" and M. putrefaciens. This new PCR will be a valuable tool for the surveillance of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia.

Published
2004
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13. A large-scale genomic approach affords unprecedented resolution for the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary history of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Author

Lucia Manso-Silvan, François Thiaucourt, Axel Verdier, and Virginie Dupuy

Subjects
Mutation rate, Asia, Genotyping Techniques, Turkey, 040301 veterinary sciences, chèvre, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], L73 - Maladies des animaux, Mycoplasma capricolum, 0403 veterinary science, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Phylogenetics, medicine, Animals, caprin, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Genotyping, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Disease surveillance, Goat Diseases, General Veterinary, biology, Molecular epidemiology, pleuropneumonie contagieuse caprine, Goats, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, veterinary(all), maladie respiratoire, Evolutionary biology, maladie animale, Africa, épidémiologie, Genome, Bacterial, Research Article
Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), is a devastating disease of domestic goats and of some wild ungulate species. The disease is currently spreading in Africa and Asia and poses a serious threat to disease-free areas. A comprehensive view of the evolutionary history and dynamics of Mccp is essential to understand the epidemiology of CCPP. Yet, analysing the diversity of genetically monomorphic pathogens, such as Mccp, is complicated due to their low variability. In this study, the molecular epidemiology and evolution of CCPP was investigated using a large-scale genomic approach based on next-generation sequencing technologies, applied to a sample of strains representing the global distribution of this disease. A highly discriminatory multigene typing system was developed, allowing the differentiation of 24 haplotypes among 25 Mccp strains distributed in six genotyping groups, which showed some correlation with geographic origin. A Bayesian approach was used to infer the first robust phylogeny of the species and to date the principal events of its evolutionary history. The emergence of Mccp was estimated only at about 270 years ago, which explains the low genetic diversity of this species despite its high mutation rate, evaluated at 1.3 × 10−6 substitutions per site per year. Finally, plausible scenarios were proposed to elucidate the evolution and dynamics of CCPP in Asia and Africa, though limited by the paucity of Mccp strains, particularly in Asia. This study shows how combining large-scale genomic data with spatial and temporal data makes it possible to obtain a comprehensive view of the epidemiology of CCPP, a precondition for the development of improved disease surveillance and control measures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0208-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015
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14. Highly dynamic genomic loci drive the synthesis of two types of capsular or secreted polysaccharides within the 'Mycoplasma mycoides' cluster

Author

François Thiaucourt, Lucia Manso-Silvan, François Poumarat, Christine Citti, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, Corinne Pau-Roblot, Clothilde Bertin, Patrice Gaurivaud, Florence Tardy, Josiane Courtois, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie des Plantes et Innovation - UR UPJV 3900 (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université de Lyon (COMUE), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)

Subjects
Serotype, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Sequence Homology, L73 - Maladies des animaux, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, medicine, Animals, Cluster Analysis, Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Gene, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Glucan, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, 030306 microbiology, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Mycoplasma mycoides, Mycoplasma, Galactan, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, chemistry, Genes, Bacterial, Genetic Loci, Horizontal gene transfer, Cattle, Genome, Bacterial, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Mycoplasmas of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster are all ruminant pathogens. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides is responsible for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and is known to produce capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS). Previous studies have strongly suggested a role for Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides polysaccharides in pathogenicity. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides -secreted EPS was recently characterized as a β(1→6)-galactofuranose homopolymer (galactan) identical to the capsular product. Here, we extended the characterization of secreted polysaccharides to all other members of the M. mycoides cluster: M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae , M. capricolum subsp. capricolum , M. leachii , and M. mycoides subsp. capri (including the LC and Capri serovars). Extracted EPS was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, resulting in the identification of a homopolymer of β(1→2)-glucopyranose (glucan) in M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae and M. leachii . Monoclonal antibodies specific for this glucan and for the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides -secreted galactan were used to detect the two polysaccharides. While M. mycoides subsp. capri strains of serovar LC produced only capsular galactan, no polysaccharide could be detected in strains of serovar Capri. All strains of M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae and M. leachii produced glucan CPS and EPS, whereas glucan production and localization varied among M. capricolum subsp. capricolum strains. Genes associated with polysaccharide synthesis and forming a biosynthetic pathway were predicted in all cluster members. These genes were organized in clusters within two loci representing genetic variability hot spots. Phylogenetic analysis showed that some of these genes, notably galE and glf , were acquired via horizontal gene transfer. These findings call for a reassessment of the specificity of the serological tests based on mycoplasma polysaccharides.

Published
2015
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15. Whole blood transcriptome analysis of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides-infected cattle confirms immunosuppression but does not reflect local inflammation

Author

Lucia Manso-Silvan, Hezron Wesonga, Philippe Holzmuller, Valérie Rodrigues, Carinne Puech, François Thiaucourt, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Research Institute, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES). FRA., and Rodrigues, Valérie

Subjects
bovin, Microarray, système immunitaire, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Transcriptome, 0302 clinical medicine, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Whole blood, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Attenuated vaccine, immunosuppression, biology, Mycoplasma mycoides, 3. Good health, afrique au sud du sahara, maladie de l'appareil respiratoire, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, expression des gènes, Research Article, Virulence, Cattle Diseases, peripneumonie contagieuse bovine, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, medicine, Animals, L50 - Physiologie et biochimie animales, analyse du transcriptome, 030304 developmental biology, Immunosuppression Therapy, Inflammation, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Gene Expression Profiling, lcsh:R, analyse immunologique, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, infection, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, Immunology, lcsh:Q, Cattle, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) , is a severe respiratory disease of cattle responsible for major economic losses in sub-Saharan Africa. Disease control relies mainly on the use of empirically attenu- ated vaccines that provide limited protection. Thus, understanding the virulence mechanisms used by Mmm as well as the role of the host immune system in disease development, persis- tence, and control is a prerequisite for the development of new, rationally designed control strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the use of whole blood transcriptome analysis to study cattle- Mmm interactions, starting by the characterization of the bovine response to Mmm infection during the acute form of the disease. For that purpose, we compared the tran- scriptome profile of whole blood from six cattle, before challenge by contact with Mmm - infected animals and at the appearance of first clinical signs, using a bovine microarray. Func- tional analysis revealed that 680 annotated genes were differentially expressed, with an over- whelming majority of down-regulated genes characterizing an immunosuppression. The main bio-functions affected were “ organismal survival ” , “ cellular development , morphology and functions ” and “ cell-to cell signaling and interactions ” . These affected functions were consis- tent with the results of previous in vitro immunological studies. However, microarray and qPCR validation results did not highlight pro-inflammatory molecules (such as TNF α , TLR2, IL-12B and IL-6), whereas inflammation is one of the most characteristic traits of acute CBPP. This global gene expression pattern may be considered as the result, in blood, of the local pulmo- nary response and the systemic events occurring during acute CBPP. Nevertheless, to under- stand the immune events occurring during disease, detailed analyses on the different immune cell subpopulations, either in vivo , at the local site, or in vitro , will be required. Whole blood tran- scriptome analysis remains an interesting approach for the identification of bio-signatures cor- relating to recovery and protection, which should facilitate the evaluation and validation of novel vaccine formulations.

Published
2015
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16. An international collaborative study to determine the prevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia by monoclonal antibody-based cELISA

Author

Hafizullah Noori, François Poumarat, Karim Tounkara, Isabel Nkando, François Thiaucourt, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Willy Schauwers, Martha Yami, Deodass Meenowa, Nadia Mukhtar, Ghulam Mohammad Ziay, Hezron Wesonga, Florence Tardy, Karomatullo Hamroev, Armelle Peyraud, Mohibullah Halimi, Mahmad Reshad Jaumally, Charles Bodjo, Stéphane Ostrowski, Mullojon Amirbekov, Shiferaw Jenberie, Ali Madad Rajabi, Eric Cardinale, Tahir Yaqub, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Tillo Tilloev, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants - UMR (MYCO), Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), European Union [DCI-FOOD/ 2009/226-469], United States Department of State through the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), [S-LMAQM-09-GR-055], Laboratoire de Lyon, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15, Mycoplasmoses des ruminants [Lyon], Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), ANSES, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien ( CRVOI ), and Université de la Réunion ( UR )

Subjects
Tajikistan, Veterinary medicine, vaccin, Internationality, Seroprevalence, séroprévalence, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Global Health, Serology, Mycoplasma capricolum, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, 0403 veterinary science, Contagious, maurice, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Monoclonal, Medicine, Pakistan, 0303 health sciences, Goat Diseases, Pleuropneumonia, biology, Goats, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Vaccine quality control, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Complement fixation test, 3. Good health, Competitive ELISA, Bacterial vaccine, Bacterial Vaccines, Mauritius, Research Article, 040301 veterinary sciences, Kenya, Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Antibodies, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, veterinary(all), Virology, ethiopie, business, tadjikistan
Abstract

Background Few serological tests are available for detecting antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, the causal agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). The complement fixation test, the test prescribed for international trade purposes, uses a crude antigen that cross-reacts with all the other mycoplasma species of the “mycoides cluster” frequently infecting goat herds. The lack of a more specific test has been a real obstacle to the evaluation of the prevalence and economic impact of CCPP worldwide. A new competitive ELISA kit for CCPP, based on a previous blocking ELISA, was formatted at CIRAD and used to evaluate the prevalence of CCPP in some regions of Kenya, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Tajikistan and Pakistan in an international collaborative study. Results The strict specificity of the test was confirmed in CCPP-free goat herds exposed to other mycoplasma species of the “mycoides cluster”. Prevalence studies were performed across the enzootic range of the disease in Africa and Asia. Seroprevalence was estimated at 14.6% in the Afar region of Ethiopia, whereas all the herds presented for CCPP vaccination in Kenya tested positive (individual seroprevalence varied from 6 to 90% within each herd). In Mauritius, where CCPP emerged in 2009, nine of 62 herds tested positive. In Central Asia, where the disease was confirmed only recently, no positive animals were detected in the Wakhan District of Afghanistan or across the border in neighboring areas of Tajikistan, whereas seroprevalence varied between 2.7% and 44.2% in the other districts investigated and in northern Pakistan. The test was also used to monitor seroconversion in vaccinated animals. Conclusions This newly formatted CCPP cELISA kit has retained the high specificity of the original kit. It can therefore be used to evaluate the prevalence of CCPP in countries or regions without vaccination programs. It could also be used to monitor the efficacy of vaccination campaigns as high-quality vaccines induce high rates of seroconversion.

Published
2014
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18. Fatal transmission of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia to an Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)

Author

Lucia Manso-Silvan, Virginie Dupuy, François Thiaucourt, Louis Lignereux, Claude Saegerman, M Al Qassimi, Anne-Lise Chaber, RENECO Wildlife Consultants LLC, Université de Liège, Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi, Partenaires INRAE, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Genotype, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], United Arab Emirates, Arabian oryx, Subspecies, Wildlife, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Microbiology, Mycoplasma capricolum, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Genotyping, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Goat Diseases, General Veterinary, biology, Transmission (medicine), Goats, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Oryx leucoryx, Oryx, 3. Good health, Nasal discharge, Antelopes
Abstract

International audience; Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is an infectious respiratory disease mainly affecting domestic goats. As CCPP has never been documented in grazing antelopes (subfamily hippotraginae), they were not considered susceptible. Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) was isolated from pleural liquid collected during the necropsy of a severely emaciated Arabian oryx with mild nasal discharge. The Mccp isolate was then genotyped using a multilocus sequence scheme; the sequence type was identical to the Mccp strain previously identified in a sand gazelle from a nearby enclosure. This case shows for the first time that members of the hippotraginae subfamily, here the Arabian oryx, can be affected by CCPP. In addition, genotyping shows that the oryx was most probably infected, at a distance, by sand gazelles.

Published
2014
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19. Draft Genome Sequences of Mycoplasma auris and Mycoplasma yeatsii, Two Species of the Ear Canal of Caprinae

Author

Claire Lemaitre, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, Laurent-Xavier Nouvel, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Emilie Dordet-Frisoni, François Poumarat, François Thiaucourt, Patricia Thebault, Eric Baranowski, Marc Breton, Patrice Gaurivaud, Alain Blanchard, Florence Tardy, Virginie Dupuy, Carole Couture, Daniel J. Jacob, Macha Nikolski, Christine Citti, Sébastien Theil, Aurélien Barré, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (Unité MIAJ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants - UMR (MYCO), Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBIB), CGFB, Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène (GD2P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire de Lyon, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Unité de Microbiologie (MIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Financial support was provided by the EVOLMYCO project (ANR-07-GMGE-001) from ANR to A.B. (principal investigator [PI]), F. Thiaucourt (Co-PI), F.P. (Co-PI), and C.C. (Co-PI)., ANR-07-GMGE-0001,EVOLMYCO,Etude à grande échelle des génomes des mycoplasmes de ruminants : évolution et adaptation de bactéries minimales à des hôtes complexes(2007), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne ( MEDIS ), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire ( LGC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] ( IHAP ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 ( UGSF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie du fruit et pathologie ( BFP ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées ( Unité MIAJ ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Mycoplasmoses des ruminants [Lyon], Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux ( CBIB ), Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics ( GenScale ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE ( IRISA-D7 ), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique ( LaBRI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène ( GD2P ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement ( LMGE ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, and ANSES

Subjects
education, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, Microbiology, Caprinae, 03 medical and health sciences, [ INFO.INFO-BI ] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Genetics, medicine, Prokaryotes, Ear canal, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Molecular Biology, health care economics and organizations, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Mycoplasma, Mycoplasma arginini, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Mycoplasma auris, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, sense organs, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Mycoplasma yeatsii
Abstract

We report here the draft genome sequences of Mycoplasma auris and Mycoplasma yeatsii , two species commonly isolated from the external ear canal of Caprinae .

Published
2013
Full Text
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20. Draft Genome Sequences of Mycoplasma alkalescens, Mycoplasma arginini, and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Three Species with Equivocal Pathogenic Status for Cattle

Author

Alain Blanchard, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Emilie Dordet-Frisoni, Daniel J. Jacob, François Poumarat, Christine Citti, Laurent-Xavier Nouvel, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, Claire Lemaitre, Patricia Thebault, Aurélien Barré, Macha Nikolski, Patrice Gaurivaud, Marc Breton, François Thiaucourt, Sébastien Theil, Florence Tardy, Virginie Dupuy, Carole Couture, Eric Baranowski, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Unité de Microbiologie (MIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (Unité MIAJ), Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants - UMR (MYCO), Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBIB), CGFB, Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène (GD2P), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Financial support was provided by the EVOLMYCO project (ANR-07-GMGE-0001) from ANR to Alain Blanchard (Principal Investigator [PI]), François Thiaucourt (Co-PI), François Poumarat (Co-PI), and Christine Citti (Co-PI)., ANR-07-GMGE-0001,EVOLMYCO,Etude à grande échelle des génomes des mycoplasmes de ruminants : évolution et adaptation de bactéries minimales à des hôtes complexes(2007), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Lyon, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15, ANSES, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire ( LGC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] ( IHAP ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 ( UGSF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie du fruit et pathologie ( BFP ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne ( MEDIS ), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées ( Unité MIAJ ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Mycoplasmoses des ruminants [Lyon], Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux ( CBIB ), Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics ( GenScale ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE ( IRISA-D7 ), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique ( LaBRI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement ( LMGE ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène ( GD2P ), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )

Subjects
0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Biology, Mycoplasma arginini, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Genome, Virology, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 3. Good health, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [ INFO.INFO-BI ] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Genetics, Prokaryotes, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Molecular Biology, health care economics and organizations, 030304 developmental biology, Mycoplasma alkalescens
Abstract

We report here the draft genome sequences of Mycoplasma alkalescens , Mycoplasma arginini , and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium . These three species are regularly isolated from bovine clinical specimens, although their role in disease is unclear.

Published
2013
Full Text
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21. Characterization of Free Exopolysaccharides Secreted by Mycoplasma mycoides Subsp. mycoides

Author

Patrice Gaurivaud, François Poumarat, Dominique Le Grand, François Thiaucourt, Corinne Pau-Roblot, Josiane Courtois, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Florence Tardy, Clothilde Bertin, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Université de Lyon (COMUE), Biologie des Plantes et Innovation - UR UPJV 3900 (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Veterinary Microbiology, Biosynthèse, Glycobiology, medicine.disease_cause, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Galactans, Biochemistry, Phosphotransferase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Péripneumonie contagieuse bovine, Microbial Physiology, Biochemical Simulations, Bacterial Physiology, Biochemistry Simulations, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Microbial Growth and Development, Mycoplasma mycoides, Polyholoside, Antigenic Variation, 3. Good health, Bacterial Biochemistry, Medicine, Research Article, Science, Carbohydrates, Virulence, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Polysaccharides, Antigenic variation, medicine, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Microbial Metabolism, 030306 microbiology, Computational Biology, Bacteriology, Mycoplasma, Galactan, biology.organism_classification, Biosynthetic Pathways, Chemically defined medium, chemistry, Galactose, Veterinary Science, Glycolipids
Abstract

International audience; Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is a severe respiratory disease of cattle that is caused by a bacterium of the Mycoplasma genus, namely Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm). In the absence of classical virulence determinants, the pathogenicity of Mmm is thought to rely on intrinsic metabolic functions and specific components of the outer cell surface. One of these latter, the capsular polysaccharide galactan has been notably demonstrated to play a role in Mmm persistence and dissemination. The free exopolysaccharides (EPS), also produced by Mmm and shown to circulate in the blood stream of infected cattle, have received little attention so far. Indeed, their characterization has been hindered by the presence of polysaccharide contaminants in the complex mycoplasma culture medium. In this study, we developed a method to produce large quantities of EPS by transfer of mycoplasma cells from their complex broth to a chemically defined medium and subsequent purification. NMR analyses revealed that the purified, free EPS had an identical beta(1->6)-galactofuranosyl structure to that of capsular galactan. We then analyzed intraclonal Mmm variants that produce opaque/translucent colonies on agar. First, we demonstrated that colony opacity was related to the production of a capsule, as observed by electron microscopy. We then compared the EPS extracts and showed that the non-capsulated, translucent colony variants produced higher amounts of free EPS than the capsulated, opaque colony variants. This phenotypic variation was associated with an antigenic variation of a specific glucose phosphotransferase permease. Finally, we conducted in silico analyses of candidate polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways in order to decipher the potential link between glucose phosphotransferase permease activity and attachment/release of galactan. The co-existence of variants producing alternative forms of galactan (capsular versus free extracellular galactan) and associated with an antigenic switch constitutes a finely tuned mechanism that may be involved in virulence.

Published
2013
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22. Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma putrefaciens Strain 9231, One of the Agents of Contagious Agalactia in Goats

Author

Aurélien Barré, Alain Blanchard, Florence Tardy, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, Daniel J. Jacob, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Christine Citti, Emilie Dordet-Frisoni, Patricia Thebault, Sébastien Theil, Patrice Gaurivaud, François Thiaucourt, Virginie Dupuy, Laurent-Xavier Nouvel, Carole Couture, François Poumarat, Macha Nikolski, Eric Baranowski, Claire Lemaitre, Marc Breton, INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (Unité MIAJ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène (GD2P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants - UMR (MYCO), Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBIB), CGFB, Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Laboratoire de Lyon, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Microbiologie (MIC), GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées ( Unité MIAJ ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène ( GD2P ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire ( LGC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] ( IHAP ), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 ( UGSF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie du fruit et pathologie ( BFP ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne ( MEDIS ), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Mycoplasmoses des ruminants [Lyon], Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux ( CBIB ), Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics ( GenScale ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE ( IRISA-D7 ), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique ( LaBRI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, ANSES, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement ( LMGE ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), The annotation of the genome was performed within the EVOLMYCO project, financed by the French national agency for research (ANR-07-GMGE-001)., and ANR-07-GMGE-0001,EVOLMYCO,Etude à grande échelle des génomes des mycoplasmes de ruminants : évolution et adaptation de bactéries minimales à des hôtes complexes(2007)

Subjects
Whole genome sequencing, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Strain (biology), education, Biology, L73 - Maladies des animaux, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 3. Good health, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [ INFO.INFO-BI ] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Mycoplasma putrefaciens, Prokaryotes, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Mycoplasma putrefaciens is one of the etiologic agents of contagious agalactia in goats. We report herein the complete genome sequence of Mycoplasma putrefaciens strain 9231.

Published
2013
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23. Emergence of Atypical Mycoplasma agalactiae Strains Harboring a New Prophage and Associated with an Alpine Wild Ungulate Mortality Episode

Author

Philippe Gibert, Yvette Game, Alain Blanchard, Marc Breton, Florence Tardy, Eric Baranowski, Christine Citti, Laurent-Xavier Nouvel, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, Virginie Mick, François Poumarat, Patricia Thebault, Lucia Manso-Silvan, François Thiaucourt, Alexandre Garnier, Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants - UMR (MYCO), Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Plateforme génomique fonctionnelle (PGFB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Parc national de la Vanoise, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyses Vétérinaires de la Savoie, Financial support was provided by the EVOLMYCO project (ANR-07-GMGE-001) from ANR to A. Blanchard (principal investigator [PI]), F. Thiaucourt (co-PI), F. Poumarat (co-PI), and C. Citti (co-PI) and by the MYCOIBEX project from Parc National de la Vanoise, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, DDCSPP73, and Federation Nationale de la Chasse, to F. Poumarat and F. Tardy (PIs)., ANR-07-GMGE-0001,EVOLMYCO,Etude à grande échelle des génomes des mycoplasmes de ruminants : évolution et adaptation de bactéries minimales à des hôtes complexes(2007), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Labo/service de l'auteur, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, EVOLMYCO project from ANR [ANR-07-GMGE-001], MYCOIBEX project from Parc National de la Vanoise, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Federation Nationale de la Chasse, and [DDCSPP73]

Subjects
Ungulate, Mycoplasma agalactiae, Prophages, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Population, Clone (cell biology), Zoology, Biology, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Animals, Mycoplasma Infections, Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, education, Pathogen, Prophage, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Ecology, 030306 microbiology, ved/biology, Goats, biology.organism_classification, Rupicapra, Virology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Tissue tropism, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

The bacterium Mycoplasma agalactiae is responsible for contagious agalactia (CA) in small domestic ruminants, a syndrome listed by the World Organization for Animal Health and responsible for severe damage to the dairy industry. Recently, we frequently isolated this pathogen from lung lesions of ibexes during a mortality episode in the French Alps. This situation was unusual in terms of host specificity and tissue tropism, raising the question of M. agalactiae emergence in wildlife. To address this issue, the ibex isolates were characterized using a combination of approaches that included antigenic profiles, molecular typing, optical mapping, and whole-genome sequencing. Genome analyses showed the presence of a new, large prophage containing 35 coding sequences (CDS) that was detected in most but not all ibex strains and has a homolog in Mycoplasma conjunctivae , a species causing keratoconjunctivitis in wild ungulates. This and the presence in all strains of large integrated conjugative elements suggested highly dynamic genomes. Nevertheless, M. agalactiae strains circulating in the ibex population were shown to be highly related, most likely originating from a single parental clone that has also spread to another wild ungulate species of the same geographical area, the chamois. These strains clearly differ from strains described in Europe so far, including those found nearby, before CA eradication a few years ago. While M. agalactiae pathogenicity in ibexes remains unclear, our data showed the emergence of atypical strains in Alpine wild ungulates, raising the question of a role for the wild fauna as a potential reservoir of pathogenic mycoplasmas.

Published
2012
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24. Evolutionary history of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia using next generation sequencing of Mycoplasma mycoides Subsp. mycoides 'Small Colony'

Author

Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, Valérie Barbe, Christine Citti, François Thiaucourt, Alain Blanchard, Marc Breton, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Emilie Dordet-Frisoni, François Poumarat, Patricia Thebault, Virginie Dupuy, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBIB), CGFB, Unité de Microbiologie (MIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène (GD2P), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EVOLMYCO project (ANR-07-GMGE-001), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne (MEDIS), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Thiaucourt, François

Subjects
Most recent common ancestor, Phylogénie, Time Factors, Epidemiology, Veterinary Microbiology, lcsh:Medicine, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Disease Outbreaks, Péripneumonie contagieuse bovine, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Genome Sequencing, lcsh:Science, Genome Evolution, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Geography, Microbial Mutation, Mycoplasma mycoides, Genomics, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 3. Good health, Épidémiologie, Europe, Enzootic, Medicine, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Research Article, DNA, Bacterial, Distribution géographique, Notifiable disease, Molecular Sequence Data, Zoology, Cattle Diseases, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Microbiology, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Histoire, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Phylogenetics, medicine, Animals, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Génie génétique, Bacterial Evolution, Bactériologie, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, Outbreak, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, Bacteriology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Africa, Microbial Evolution, Bovidae, lcsh:Q, Cattle, Veterinary Science, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Genome, Bacterial
Abstract

International audience; Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides "Small Colony" (MmmSC) is responsible for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in bovidae, a notifiable disease to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Although its origin is not documented, the disease was known in Europe in 1773. It reached nearly world-wide distribution in the 19(th) century through the cattle trade and was eradicated from most continents by stamping-out policies. During the 20(th) century it persisted in Africa, and it reappeared sporadically in Southern Europe. Yet, classical epidemiology studies failed to explain the re-occurrence of the disease in Europe in the 1990s. The objectives of this study were to obtain a precise phylogeny of this pathogen, reconstruct its evolutionary history, estimate the date of its emergence, and determine the origin of the most recent European outbreaks. A large-scale genomic approach based on next-generation sequencing technologies was applied to construct a robust phylogeny of this extremely monomorphic pathogen by using 20 representative strains of various geographical origins. Sixty two polymorphic genes of the MmmSC core genome were selected, representing 83601 bp in total and resulting in 139 SNPs within the 20 strains. A robust phylogeny was obtained that identified a lineage specific to European strains; African strains were scattered in various branches. Bayesian analysis allowed dating the most recent common ancestor for MmmSC around 1700. The strains circulating in Sub-Saharan Africa today, however, were shown to descend from a strain that existed around 1810. MmmSC emerged recently, about 300 years ago, and was most probably exported from Europe to other continents, including Africa, during the 19(th) century. Its diversity is now greater in Africa, where CBPP is enzootic, than in Europe, where outbreaks occurred sporadically until 1999 and where CBPP may now be considered eradicated unless MmmSC remains undetected.

Published
2012
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25. Fatal outbreak of Mycoplasma capricolum pneumonia in endangered markhors

Author

François Thiaucourt, Virginie Dupuy, Mulojon Amirbekov, Dustmurod Vahobov, Orom Ziyoev, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Stéphane Ostrowski, Abdurahmon Mahmadshoev, and Stefan Michel

Subjects
Male, Tajikistan, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Mycoplasma capricolum, Disease Outbreaks, Caprinae, Mycoplasma, wild, Udder, Phylogeny, Goat Diseases, biology, Transmission (medicine), espèce en danger, Dispatch, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, markhors, Animals, Domestic, Female, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Pneumonia (non-human), Microbiology (medical), goats, Animals, Wild, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Species Specificity, medicine, Animals, pneumonia, lcsh:RC109-216, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Transmission des maladies, conservation of natural resources, outbreak, lcsh:R, Endangered Species, Impact sur l'environnement, Outbreak, endangered, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, tuberculosis and other mycobacteria, Pneumonie
Abstract

Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae are closely related subspecies of the M. mycoides cluster (1). Whereas M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae is the etiologic agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), a severe and typically lethal respiratory disease, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum infection is usually not fatal and instead results in chronic inflammation in a variety of organs, including joints, udder, eyes, and lungs (2). M. capricolum subsp. capricolum infection occurs worldwide and appears widespread but has rarely been found in species of small ruminants other than domestic goats and, more occasionally, sheep (2,3). This lack of evidence may be partially because few studies have applied sensitive molecular techniques for its detection in nondomestic ruminants (2,3). Domestic goats can carry M. capricolum subsp. capricolum asymptomatically, notably in the ear canal (4), and pose an insidious risk for cross-species transmission with sympatric wild caprines (2,3).

Published
2011

26. Extended surveillance for CBPP in a free country : challenges and solutions regarding the potential caprine reservoir

Author

Lucia Manso-Silvan, François Poumarat, Florence Tardy, Dominique Le Grand, Pascale Mercier, Marie-Pierre Pellet, François Thiaucourt, and Patrice Gaurivaud

Subjects
Bétail, Cattle Diseases, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Serology, Péripneumonie contagieuse bovine, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Food Animals, medicine, Animals, Caprin, Surveillance épidémiologique, Seroconversion, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Goat Diseases, biology, Goats, Mycoplasma mycoides, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Antibodies, Bacterial, Titer, Herd, biology.protein, Pleuropneumonia, Animal Science and Zoology, Cattle, France, Antibody, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Databases, Nucleic Acid
Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe respiratory disease of cattle and buffalo caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides "Small Colony" (MmmSC). The agent of CBPP has been isolated from goats in different countries including CBPP-free areas. Goats can therefore be regarded as a putative MmmSC reservoir. No diagnostic test for CBPP surveillance in goats has been proposed as yet. Furthermore, serological tests could be seriously hampered by a widespread caprine infection due to the subspecies M. mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), which is antigenically very close to MmmSC and displays high levels of genetic variability. A competition ELISA (cELISA) is currently used to screen for CBPP in cattle at the herd level in infected areas. The aim of this study was to see if the same cELISA would be specific enough to be used to screen goats despite the potential concomitant infection with Mmc. The cELISA titers of goats from Mmc-infected and non-infected herds were comparable and negative using the accepted cutoff for bovine sera. In contrast, seroconversion was observed in goats experimentally inoculated with an Mmc strain that cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody targeting the same epitope as that used in cELISA. The probability of such false positivity occurring under field conditions is very low since Mmc strains with such an atypical antigenic profile emerge only rarely as a result of random nucleotide variation of the epitope-coding region. In conclusion, the commercially available cELISA can be considered specific enough to be used as a primary test to monitor passage of the CBPP agent in goats, but its sensitivity in goats requires further investigation.

Published
2011

27. Mycoplasma mycoides, from 'mycoides Small Colony' to 'capri'. A microevolutionary perspective

Author

Valérie Barbe, Marc Breton, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, Anne Marie Lomenech, Lucia Manso-Silvan, François Thiaucourt, Woubit Salah, Benoit Vacherie, Alain Blanchard, Daniel J. Jacob, Virginie Dupuy, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)

Subjects
Proteomics, ruminant, Subspecies, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Genome, Plasmid, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Segmental Duplications, Genomic, Pathogen, génomique comparée, Chèvre, bactérie, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, biology, santé animale, Strain (biology), Goats, Mycoplasma mycoides, GENOMIQUE, Multigene Family, Horizontal gene transfer, Petits ruminants, Female, bactérie pathogène, CAPRI, Biotechnology, Research Article, Plasmids, DNA, Bacterial, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, Lipoproteins, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, medicine, Animals, pathologie animale, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, GENETIQUE, MYCOIDES SMALL COLONY, 030306 microbiology, génome, Genetic Variation, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, lcsh:Genetics, DNA Transposable Elements, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract

Background The Mycoplasma mycoides cluster consists of five species or subspecies that are ruminant pathogens. One subspecies, Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides Small Colony (MmmSC), is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Its very close relative, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), is a more ubiquitous pathogen in small ruminants causing mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, pneumonia and septicaemia and is also found as saprophyte in the ear canal. To understand the genetics underlying these phenotypic differences, we compared the MmmSC PG1 type strain genome, which was already available, with the genome of an Mmc field strain (95010) that was sequenced in this study. We also compared the 95010 genome with the recently published genome of another Mmc strain (GM12) to evaluate Mmc strain diversity. Results The MmmSC PG1 genome is 1,212 kbp and that of Mmc 95010 is ca. 58 kbp shorter. Most of the sequences present in PG1 but not 95010 are highly repeated Insertion Sequences (three types of IS) and large duplicated DNA fragments. The 95010 genome contains five types of IS, present in fewer copies than in PG1, and two copies of an integrative conjugative element. These mobile genetic elements have played a key role in genome plasticity, leading to inversions of large DNA fragments. Comparison of the two genomes suggested a marked decay of the PG1 genome that seems to be correlated with a greater number of IS. The repertoire of gene families encoding surface proteins is smaller in PG1. Several genes involved in polysaccharide metabolism and protein degradation are also absent from, or degraded in, PG1. Conclusions The genome of MmmSC PG1 is larger than that of Mmc 95010, its very close relative, but has less coding capacity. This is the result of large genetic rearrangements due to mobile elements that have also led to marked gene decay. This is consistent with a non-adaptative genomic complexity theory, allowing duplications or pseudogenes to be maintained in the absence of adaptive selection that would lead to purifying selection and genome streamlining over longer evolutionary times. These findings also suggest that MmmSC only recently adapted to its bovine host.

Published
2011
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28. Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) analysis reveals genetic diversity within Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides Small Colony isolates from Nigeria

Author

L.H. Lombin, Sophie Lorenzon, Nick D. Nwankpa, François Thiaucourt, Lucia Manso-Silvan, and Aboubakar YaYa

Subjects
Hypothetical protein, Nigeria, Minisatellite Repeats, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Microbiology, Péripneumonie contagieuse bovine, Variation génétique, Tandem repeat, Microbiologie, mental disorders, Animals, Technique analytique, Genetics, Genetic diversity, General Veterinary, biology, Outbreak, Genetic Variation, Mycoplasma mycoides, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Disease control, Variable number tandem repeat
Abstract

A Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) analysis was conducted on thirteen (13) M. mycoides mycoides Small Colony isolates from Nigeria using Tandem Repeat (TR) 34 which is a predicted lipoprotein located within the hypothetical protein MAG6170. The analysis revealed diversity within the M. mycoides mycoides Small Colony isolates with five different VNTR types indicated. Some correlation was determined between the VNTR types and their geographical origin. VNTR analysis may represent a useful, rapid first-line test for use in molecular epidemiological analysis of M. mycoides mycoides Small Colony for possible outbreak tracing and disease control. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2010

29. Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. as a new species designation for Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 of leach, and reclassification of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC as a serovar of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri

Author

François Thiaucourt, Joachim Frey, Steven P. Djordjevic, Konrad Sachse, Edy M. Vilei, and Lucia Manso-Silvan

Subjects
Serotype, Phylogénie, Genotype, Turkey, Cattle Diseases, Mycoplasmataceae, Subspecies, medicine.disease_cause, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Microbiology, Mycoplasma capricolum, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma, Species Specificity, medicine, Animals, Mycoplasma Infections, Serotyping, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Arthritis, Infectious, Bovin, Goat Diseases, biology, Goats, Australia, Mycoplasma mycoides, General Medicine, Taxonomie, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Mollicutes, Cattle
Abstract

The #Mycoplasma mycoides# cluster consists of six pathogenic mycoplasmas causing disease in ruminants, which share many genotypic and phenotypic traits. The #M. mycoides# cluster comprises five recognized taxa: #Mycoplasma mycoides# subsp. #mycoides# Small Colony (MmmSC), #M. mycoides# subsp. #mycoide#s Large Colony (MmmLC), M. mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), #Mycoplasma capricolum# subsp. capricolum (Mcc) and #M. capricolum# subsp. #capripneumoniae# (Mccp). The group of strains known as #Mycoplasma# sp. bovine group 7 of Leach (MBG7) has remained unassigned, due to conflicting data obtained by different classification methods. In the present paper, all available data, including recent phylogenetic analyses, have been reviewed, resulting in a proposal for an emended taxonomy of this cluster: (i) the MBG7 strains, although related phylogenetically to #M. capricolum#, hold sufficient characteristic traits to be assigned as a separate species, i.e. Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. (type strain, PG50T = N29T = NCTC 10133T = DSM 21131T); (ii) MmmLC and Mmc, which can only be distinguished by serological methods and are related more distantly to MmmSC, should be combined into a single subspecies, i.e. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, leaving #M. mycoides# subsp. #mycoides# (MmmSC) as the exclusive designation for the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. A taxonomic description of #M. leachii# sp. nov. and emended descriptions of #M. mycoides# subsp. #mycoides# and #M. mycoides# subsp. #capri# are presented. As a result of these emendments, the #M. mycoides# cluster will hereafter be composed of five taxa comprising three subclusters, which correspond to the #M. mycoides# subspecies, the #M. capricolum# subspecies and the novel species #M. leachii#.

Published
2009

30. Genotyping of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC by multilocus sequence analysis allows molecular epidemiology of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

Author

Aboubakar YaYa, Alain Blanchard, Lucia Manso-Silvan, and François Thiaucourt

Subjects
Identification, bovin, ruminant, L73 - Maladies des animaux, molecular epidemiology, Péripneumonie contagieuse bovine, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Phylogeny, Genetics, bactérie, 0303 health sciences, santé animale, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Mycoplasma mycoides, 3. Good health, Housekeeping gene, Europe, Épidémiologie, MYCOPLASMA MYCOIDES, MYCOPLASME, PERIPNEUMONIE, TYPAGE MOLECULAIRE, MLSA, BACTERIOLOGIE, PCR, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, multilocus sequence analysis, Pleuropneumonia, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], bactérie pathogène, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Génotype, Asia, Séquence nucléotidique, Sequence analysis, Locus, Cattle Diseases, Locus (genetics), [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, medicine, Animals, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Genotyping, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, épidémiologie animale, Polymorphism, Genetic, Génome, General Veterinary, Molecular epidemiology, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, Australia, Biologie moléculaire, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, Genes, Bacterial, Africa, Cattle, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract

International audience; Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (MmmSC) is the etiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). Although eradicated in most developed countries, the disease reappeared in Europe in the 1990s. This reappearance may have been caused either by importation from sub-Saharan Africa, where CBPP is still endemic, or by the reemergence of virulent strains in Europe, as suggested by earlier studies. A multilocus sequence analysis scheme has been developed to address this issue and, most importantly, to be able to monitor new epidemics. The alignment of the full genome sequence of the reference strain PG1 and the partial genome sequence of a pathogenic strain allowed the identification of polymorphic sites. Nineteen initial loci were selected within housekeeping genes, genes of unknown function and non coding sequences. The suitability of these loci for genotyping MmmSC strains was first tested on six strains of diverse geographic origin. The analyses showed that the published PG1 sequence contained a number of specific polymorphisms that were therefore of no use for molecular typing. Among the eight informative polymorphic loci finally selected, only one (ftsY) was positioned within a housekeeping gene. Three main groups and 31 different allelic profiles were identified among 51 strains and strain variants examined. Cluster analysis confirmed that European strains from the 1990s did not originate from Africa. It also showed a genetic link between a European strain isolated in 1967 and those found in southern Africa and Australia. This was in agreement with historical data showing that CBPP was introduced in these regions during colonisation in the 19th century.

Published
2008
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31. Specific real-time PCR assays for the detection and quantification of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides SC and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp capripneumoniae

Author

François Thiaucourt, Sophie Lorenzon, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Inconnu, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Identification, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease_cause, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, Mycoplasma capricolum, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Péripneumonie contagieuse bovine, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Analyse quantitative, medicine, Animals, Diagnostic, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Colony-forming unit, 0303 health sciences, biology, Mycoplasma mycoides, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Cell Biology, Mycoplasma, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR, Pleuropneumonia, Biological Assay, Cattle
Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia are two severe respiratory infections of ruminants due to infection by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (MmmSC) and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), respectively. They are included in the OIE list of notifiable diseases. Here we describe the development of rapid, sensitive, and specific real-time PCR assays for the detection and quantification of MmmSC and Mccp DNA. MmmSC PCR primers were designed after whole genome comparisons between the published sequence of MmmSC strain type PG1(T) and the sequence of an M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony strain. For Mccp, previously published conventional PCR primers were applied. SYBR green was used as a detection agent for both assays. The assays specifically detected the targeted species in both cultures and clinical samples, and no cross-amplifications were obtained from either heterologous mycoplasma strain cultures or European field samples. The sensitivity of these new assays was estimated at 3-80 colony forming units per reaction and 4-80fg of DNA, representing a 2-3log increase in sensitivity compared to established conventional PCR tests. These new real-time PCR assays will be invaluable for application in various fields such as direct detection in diagnostic laboratories.

Published
2008
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32. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster

Author

M Sewell, François Thiaucourt, J. Fitzmaurice, Lucia Manso-Silvan, WL McDonald, JS O'Keefe, Inconnu, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Validation study, Identification, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pcr assay, Colony Count, Microbial, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Mycoplasma capricolum, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Species Specificity, Animals, Cluster Analysis, L50 - Physiologie et biochimie animales, Diagnostic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Sheep, General Veterinary, 030306 microbiology, Goats, Mycoplasma mycoides, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Molecular biology, 3. Good health, Milk, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR, chemistry, Colony count, Cattle, DNA, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux
Abstract

AIM: To develop real-time PCR assays for the detection and differentiation of members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. METHODS: Five real-time PCR assays were designed to al-low differentiation of members of the M mycoides cluster: an assay for detection of the M mycoides subspecies, viz M mycoides subsp mycoides large colony (MmmLC), M mycoides subsp capri (Mmc), and M mycoides subsp mycoides small colony (MmmSC); one for the detection of the M capricolum subspecies, viz M capricolum subsp capricolum (Mcc), M capricolum subsp capripneumoniae (Mccp), and Mycoplasma sp bovine group 7 (BG7); and three for the specific detection of MmmSC, Mccp, and BG7. A panel of 74 Mycoplasma isolates from various geographical origins and a panel of 21 other bacterial isolates were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the as-says. RESULTS: The assays displayed 100% analytical sensitivity in detecting all target Mycoplasma isolates. The analytical detection limit for the assays to detect the M mycoides subspecies, M capricolum subspecies, and MmmSC was determined to be 100 fg of genomic DNA, while the Mccp and BG7 assays had a detection limit of 100 fg and 10 fg of genomic DNA, respectively. The M mycoides subspecies assay had a detection limit of 103 (SD 102) cfu/ml milk, 104 (SD 104) cfu per swab, and 103 (SD 103) cfu/g lung in inoculated samples. The assays displayed 100% specificity when applied to non-target bacterial isolates and to 110 culture-negative milk samples. CONCLUSIONS: The assays were highly sensitive and specific, and provide accurate detection and differentiation of the members of the M mycoides cluster.

Published
2008
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33. Phylogeny of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster based on analysis of five conserved protein-coding sequences and possible implications for the taxonomy of the group

Author

François Thiaucourt, Lucia Manso-Silvan, and Xavier Perrier

Subjects
Genetics, DNA, Bacterial, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Sequence analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Mycoplasma mycoides, Sequence Homology, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, rpoB, Microbiology, Mycoplasma capricolum, Conserved sequence, Bacterial Proteins, Phylogenetics, Mycoplasma putrefaciens, Cluster Analysis, L50 - Physiologie et biochimie animales, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny
Abstract

A phylogenetic tree of theMycoplasma mycoidescluster was inferred from a set of concatenated sequences from five housekeeping genes (fusA,glpQ,gyrB,lepAandrpoB). The relevance of this phylogeny was reinforced by detailed analysis of the congruence of the phylogenies derived from each of the five individual gene sequences. Two subclusters were distinguished. TheM. mycoidessubcluster comprisedM. mycoidessubsp.mycoidesbiotypes Small Colony (SC) and Large Colony (LC) andM. mycoidessubsp.capri. The latter two groups could not be clearly separated, which supports previous proposals that they be united into a single taxonomic entity. TheMycoplasma capricolumsubcluster includedM. capricolumsubsp.capricolum,M. capricolumsubsp.capripneumoniaeandMycoplasmasp. bovine group 7 of Leach, a group of strains that remains unassigned. This group constituted a distinct branch within this cluster, supporting its classification as a subspecies ofM. capricolum.Mycoplasma cottewiiandMycoplasma yeatsiiclustered in a group that was distinct fromMycoplasma putrefaciensand they were all clearly separated from theM. mycoidescluster. In conclusion, this approach has allowed us to assign phylogenetic positions to all members of theM. mycoidescluster and related species and has proved the need to adjust the existing taxonomy. Furthermore, this method may be used as a reference technique to assign an unequivocal position to any particular strain related to this cluster and may lead to the development of new techniques for rapid species identification.

Published
2007

34. A PCR for the detection of mycoplasmas belonging to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster : application to the diagnosis of contagious agalactia

Author

Lucia Manso-Silvan, François Poumarat, Marie-Pierre Pellet, François Thiaucourt, Patrice Gaurivaud, Sophie Lorenzon, V.P. Singh, Salah Woubit, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes ( Contrôle des maladies ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Mycoplasmoses des ruminants [Lyon], Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments ( AFSSA ), AFSSA, IVRI, National Referral Lab on Mycoplasma, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (Cirad-EMVT-UPR 15 Contrôle des maladies), Département Elevage et médecine vétérinaire (EMVT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants - UMR (MYCO), Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), and Département Elevage et médecine vétérinaire (Cirad-EMVT)

Subjects
MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Operon, Hydrolases, Mycoplasma agalactiae, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Pcr cloning, MESH: Base Sequence, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mycoplasma capricolum, Serology, 0403 veterinary science, MESH : Hydrolases, MESH: Animals, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH: Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, Base Pairing, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, biology, XUMYCOPLASME, MESH : Sequence Alignment, Goats, Mycoplasma mycoides, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 3. Good health, MESH: Hydrolases, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH : Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Milk, MESH: Mycoplasma mycoides, MESH : DNA Primers, MESH: DNA Primers, MESH: Operon, 040301 veterinary sciences, MESH: Base Pairing, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Sequence Alignment, MESH: Goats, MYCOPLASME, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Operon, medicine, Animals, L50 - Physiologie et biochimie animales, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Molecular Biology, Gene, DNA Primers, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, ved/biology, MESH : Reproducibility of Results, MESH : Phylogeny, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Biology, Mycoplasma, biology.organism_classification, MESH : Base Pairing, Virology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Milk, MESH : Goats, MESH : Milk, HAFSSA, Mycoplasma putrefaciens, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Base Sequence, MESH : Animals, [ SDV.BA.MVSA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, MESH : Mycoplasma mycoides, Sequence Alignment
Abstract

Contagious agalactia is a mycoplasmal infection caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC, M. mycoides subsp. capri, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and Mycoplasma putrefaciens. Identification of the causative organisms is usually performed by isolation and classical biochemical and serological tests, though this is a lengthy and cumbersome process for mycoplasmas. Specific PCR assays have been developed for the identification of Mycoplasma agalactiae and M. putrefaciens. For members of the M. mycoides cluster existing PCR tests are based on the amplification of highly conserved genes coding for ribosomal proteins, hence a possibility of cross-reactions. The gene glk, coding for a glucokinase, that is found in this cluster is very distantly related to any other bacterial glucokinase described so far. It was therefore chosen as target to design a new PCR test. The validation was performed independently in three laboratories in France and India using over 100 mycoplasma strains of various geographical origins. All strains belonging to the M. mycoides cluster were detected by amplification of the expected PCR product (428 bp) while no amplification was obtained from M. agalactiae strains. Our results demonstrate the universality of this PCR in spite of the great heterogeneity found within this cluster. This new tool may be of great help for the implementation of control measures directed towards contagious agalactia. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.

Published
2007
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35. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia vaccines and control strategies: recent data

Author

Thiaucourt F, Aboubakar Y, Wesonga H, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Blanchard A, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), KARI NVRC, Partenaires INRAE, Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène (GD2P), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
Vaccin, Antibiotique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic, Cattle Diseases, L73 - Maladies des animaux, MYCOPLASME, Péripneumonie contagieuse bovine, MALADIE CONTAGIEUSE, MYCOPLASMA MYCOIDES, Animals, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Lung, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Vaccination, Anti-Bacterial Agents, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Treatment Outcome, Africa, Bacterial Vaccines, PLEUROPNEUMONIE BOVINE, Cattle, Infection, CONTROLE
Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is one of the most threatening transboundary cattle disease in Africa. However, with the exception of Botswana, very few African countries were able to implement eradication strategies for this disease, after it had recently re-infected a number of countries. Previous experimental studies have shown that emergency vaccination campaigns, based on a single injection, were not inducing a sufficient protection level to prevent further spread of the disease. In addition, post-vaccinal reactions were sometimes reported in the field when using vaccine strain T1/44, leading cattle owners to refuse the vaccination. On the contrary, antibiotics are used quite often in the field but there are insufficient data to assess their efficacy properly. Therefore experimental studies were implemented: (i) to check if higher dosages of the vaccine would be able to induce higher protection rates and (ii) to elucidate the origin of the post-vaccinal reactions observed with T1/44 and (iii) to gain preliminary results on the efficacy of long-acting tetracycline. The first experiment included the use of three doses of vaccine strains T1/44 and T1sr: 10(7), 10(8) and 10(9) mycoplasmas per dose. T1/44 seemed to induce a higher protection (70%) than T1sr (60%). However, there was no observable dose effect for these vaccine strains. The second experiment was performed by injecting various MmmSC strains subcutaneously into susceptible cattle. One of these strains was an isolate obtained from a "Willems" reaction following a vaccination with T1/44. This isolate, called T1B, induced typical invading oedema at the injection site in a similar way to the pathogenic strain, whereas the original T1/44 vaccine strain did not. These findings indicate that the strain has reverted to virulence. Finally the antibiotic trials showed that long-acting tetracycline was able to reduce the losses due to the disease but could not prevent the persistence of viable MmmSC in treated animals. The consequences of these findings are discussed. They reinforce the need for additional research on new vaccines able to elicit longer lasting protection. However, once continuing additional field research is obtained, it should allow better defined strategies to be put in place. Meanwhile, immediate action should be taken to prevent the further spread of CBPP in the Southern part of Africa.

Published
2004

36. Multi-locus sequence analysis of mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae for the molecular epidemiology of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Author

Chu Yuefeng, François Thiaucourt, Lucia Manso-Silvan, and Virginie Dupuy

Subjects
Polymorphisme génétique, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mycoplasma capricolum, chemistry.chemical_compound, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Molecular marker, Marqueur génétique, Caprin, Genetics, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, biology, Goats, Épidémiologie, Phylogeography, Pleuropneumonia, Ruminant, Sequence analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Locus (genetics), Analyse microbiologique, Evolution, Molecular, Viral Proteins, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, medicine, Animals, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious, Qatar, Goat Diseases, Polymorphism, Genetic, Base Sequence, General Veterinary, Molecular epidemiology, Research, Biologie moléculaire, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Animal sauvage, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, veterinary(all), chemistry, Africa, lcsh:SF600-1100, Multilocus sequence typing, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Mycoplasmose, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract

Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), a devastating disease of domestic goats. The exact distribution of CCPP is not known but it is present in Africa and the Middle East and represents a significant threat to many disease-free areas including Europe. Furthermore, CCPP has been recently identified in Tajikistan and China. A typing method with an improved resolution based on Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) has been developed to trace new epidemics and to elucidate whether the recently identified cases in continental Asia were due to recent importation of Mccp. The H2 locus, a polymorphic region already in use as a molecular marker for Mccp evolution, was complemented with seven new loci selected according to the analysis of polymorphisms observed among the genome sequences of three Mccp strains. A total of 25 strains, including the two new strains from Asia, were analysed by MLSA resulting in the discrimination of 15 sequence types based on 53 polymorphic positions. A distance tree inferred from the concatenated sequences of the eight selected loci revealed two evolutionary lineages comprising five groups, which showed good correlation with geographic origins. The presence of a distinct Asian cluster strongly indicates that CCPP was not recently imported to continental Asia. It is more likely that the disease has been endemic in the area for a long time, as supported by historical clinical descriptions. In conclusion, this MLSA strategy constitutes a highly discriminative tool for the molecular epidemiology of CCPP.

Published
2011
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37. A whole-genome worldwide molecular epidemiology approach for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Author

Etienne Loire, Abdoulkarim Issa Ibrahim, Lucía Manso-Silván, Louis Lignereux, and François Thiaucourt

Subjects
Bioinformatics, Genetics, Microbiology, Evolutionary biology, Veterinary medicine, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is an infectious and contagious disease affecting goats and wildlife ruminants, mostly in Africa and Asia. It is caused by a mycoplasma, Mycoplasma capricolum susbp. capripneumoniae, which is very fastidious. This may be the reason why there are few reports of its isolation and characterization. This study describes the development of a whole genome typing strategy based on sequencing reads assemblies on a reference genome (Abomsa, GenBank accession LM995445) and extraction of informative single nucleotide polymorphism. FASTA sequences inferred from the variant calling files were used to establish a comprehensive phylogenetic tree based on 2880 SNPs. This tree included a total of 34 strains originating from all the regions where CCPP has been detected, as well as strains isolated from wildlife. A recent isolate from West-Niger was positioned closely to another 1995 East-Niger isolate, an indication that CCPP may be extending westward in Africa. Six 2013 Tanzanian isolates had identical sequences in spite of diverse geographical origins. This could be explained by the clonal expansion of a virulent strain at that time in East Africa. Although all strains isolated from wildlife in the Middle East were in the same phylogenetic group, this may not sign an adaptation to new hosts. The most probable explanation for wildlife contamination remains the contact with goats. This strategy will easily accommodate new data in the near future and should become a gold-standard high-resolution typing procedure for the surveillance of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia.

Published
2020
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38. Fatal Outbreak of Mycoplasma capricolum Pneumonia in Endangered Markhors

Author

Stéphane Ostrowski, Francois Thiaucourt, Mulojon Amirbekov, Abdurahmon Mahmadshoev, Lucía Manso-Silván, Virginie Dupuy, Dustmurod Vahobov, Orom Ziyoev, and Stefan Michel

Subjects
outbreak, Mycoplasma, goats, animals, wild, conservation of natural resources, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

A pneumonia outbreak reduced the numbers of a wild population of endangered markhors (Capra falconeri) in Tajikistan in 2010. The infection was diagnosed by histologic examination and bacteriologic testing. Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum was the sole infectious agent detected. Cross-species transmission from domestic goats may have occurred.

Published
2011
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39. Whole Blood Transcriptome Analysis of Mycoplasma mycoides Subsp. mycoides-Infected Cattle Confirms Immunosuppression but Does Not Reflect Local Inflammation.

Author

Valérie Rodrigues, Philippe Holzmuller, Carinne Puech, Hezron Wesonga, François Thiaucourt, and Lucía Manso-Silván

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm), is a severe respiratory disease of cattle responsible for major economic losses in sub-Saharan Africa. Disease control relies mainly on the use of empirically attenuated vaccines that provide limited protection. Thus, understanding the virulence mechanisms used by Mmm as well as the role of the host immune system in disease development, persistence, and control is a prerequisite for the development of new, rationally designed control strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the use of whole blood transcriptome analysis to study cattle-Mmm interactions, starting by the characterization of the bovine response to Mmm infection during the acute form of the disease. For that purpose, we compared the transcriptome profile of whole blood from six cattle, before challenge by contact with Mmm-infected animals and at the appearance of first clinical signs, using a bovine microarray. Functional analysis revealed that 680 annotated genes were differentially expressed, with an overwhelming majority of down-regulated genes characterizing an immunosuppression. The main bio-functions affected were "organismal survival", "cellular development, morphology and functions" and "cell-to cell signaling and interactions". These affected functions were consistent with the results of previous in vitro immunological studies. However, microarray and qPCR validation results did not highlight pro-inflammatory molecules (such as TNFα, TLR2, IL-12B and IL-6), whereas inflammation is one of the most characteristic traits of acute CBPP. This global gene expression pattern may be considered as the result, in blood, of the local pulmonary response and the systemic events occurring during acute CBPP. Nevertheless, to understand the immune events occurring during disease, detailed analyses on the different immune cell subpopulations, either in vivo, at the local site, or in vitro, will be required. Whole blood transcriptome analysis remains an interesting approach for the identification of bio-signatures correlating to recovery and protection, which should facilitate the evaluation and validation of novel vaccine formulations.

Published
2015
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40. Characterization of free exopolysaccharides secreted by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides.

Author

Clothilde Bertin, Corinne Pau-Roblot, Josiane Courtois, Lucía Manso-Silván, François Thiaucourt, Florence Tardy, Dominique Le Grand, François Poumarat, and Patrice Gaurivaud

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is a severe respiratory disease of cattle that is caused by a bacterium of the Mycoplasma genus, namely Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm). In the absence of classical virulence determinants, the pathogenicity of Mmm is thought to rely on intrinsic metabolic functions and specific components of the outer cell surface. One of these latter, the capsular polysaccharide galactan has been notably demonstrated to play a role in Mmm persistence and dissemination. The free exopolysaccharides (EPS), also produced by Mmm and shown to circulate in the blood stream of infected cattle, have received little attention so far. Indeed, their characterization has been hindered by the presence of polysaccharide contaminants in the complex mycoplasma culture medium. In this study, we developed a method to produce large quantities of EPS by transfer of mycoplasma cells from their complex broth to a chemically defined medium and subsequent purification. NMR analyses revealed that the purified, free EPS had an identical β(1->6)-galactofuranosyl structure to that of capsular galactan. We then analyzed intraclonal Mmm variants that produce opaque/translucent colonies on agar. First, we demonstrated that colony opacity was related to the production of a capsule, as observed by electron microscopy. We then compared the EPS extracts and showed that the non-capsulated, translucent colony variants produced higher amounts of free EPS than the capsulated, opaque colony variants. This phenotypic variation was associated with an antigenic variation of a specific glucose phosphotransferase permease. Finally, we conducted in silico analyses of candidate polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways in order to decipher the potential link between glucose phosphotransferase permease activity and attachment/release of galactan. The co-existence of variants producing alternative forms of galactan (capsular versus free extracellular galactan) and associated with an antigenic switch constitutes a finely tuned mechanism that may be involved in virulence.

Published
2013
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41. Evolutionary history of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia using next generation sequencing of Mycoplasma mycoides Subsp. mycoides 'Small Colony'.

Author

Virginie Dupuy, Lucía Manso-Silván, Valérie Barbe, Patricia Thebault, Emilie Dordet-Frisoni, Christine Citti, François Poumarat, Alain Blanchard, Marc Breton, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, and François Thiaucourt

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides "Small Colony" (MmmSC) is responsible for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in bovidae, a notifiable disease to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Although its origin is not documented, the disease was known in Europe in 1773. It reached nearly world-wide distribution in the 19(th) century through the cattle trade and was eradicated from most continents by stamping-out policies. During the 20(th) century it persisted in Africa, and it reappeared sporadically in Southern Europe. Yet, classical epidemiology studies failed to explain the re-occurrence of the disease in Europe in the 1990s. The objectives of this study were to obtain a precise phylogeny of this pathogen, reconstruct its evolutionary history, estimate the date of its emergence, and determine the origin of the most recent European outbreaks. A large-scale genomic approach based on next-generation sequencing technologies was applied to construct a robust phylogeny of this extremely monomorphic pathogen by using 20 representative strains of various geographical origins. Sixty two polymorphic genes of the MmmSC core genome were selected, representing 83601 bp in total and resulting in 139 SNPs within the 20 strains. A robust phylogeny was obtained that identified a lineage specific to European strains; African strains were scattered in various branches. Bayesian analysis allowed dating the most recent common ancestor for MmmSC around 1700. The strains circulating in Sub-Saharan Africa today, however, were shown to descend from a strain that existed around 1810. MmmSC emerged recently, about 300 years ago, and was most probably exported from Europe to other continents, including Africa, during the 19(th) century. Its diversity is now greater in Africa, where CBPP is enzootic, than in Europe, where outbreaks occurred sporadically until 1999 and where CBPP may now be considered eradicated unless MmmSC remains undetected.

Published
2012
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42. Characterization of in vivo-acquired resistance to macrolides of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains isolated from poultry

Author

Sharon Levisohn, Inna Lysnyansky, Lucia Manso-Silvan, Inna Mikula, and Irena Gerchman

Subjects
Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Antibiotics, Drug resistance, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Polymerase Chain Reaction, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Tilmicosin, Israel, Phylogeny, Enrofloxacin, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, Anti-Bacterial Agents, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S, Gene Targeting, Seasons, Fluoroquinolones, medicine.drug, Ribosomal Proteins, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotique, Molecular Sequence Data, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, Tylosin, Volaille, Microbiology, Bacterial Proteins, 23S ribosomal RNA, medicine, Animals, Mycoplasma Infections, Poultry Diseases, Résistance aux produits chimiques, General Veterinary, Research, Ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, Virology, veterinary(all), Molecular Typing, chemistry, Genes, Bacterial, lcsh:SF600-1100
Abstract

The macrolide class of antibiotics, including tylosin and tilmicosin, is widely used in the veterinary field for prophylaxis and treatment of mycoplasmosis. In vitro susceptibility testing of 50 strains of M. gallisepticum isolated in Israel during the period 1997-2010 revealed that acquired resistance to tylosin as well as to tilmicosin was present in 50% of them. Moreover, 72% (13/18) of the strains isolated from clinical samples since 2006 showed acquired resistance to enrofloxacin, tylosin and tilmicosin. Molecular typing of the field isolates, performed by gene-target sequencing (GTS), detected 13 molecular types (I-XIII). Type II was the predominant type prior to 2006 whereas type X, first detected in 2008, is currently prevalent. All ten type X strains were resistant to both fluoroquinolones and macrolides, suggesting selective pressure leading to clonal dissemination of resistance. However, this was not a unique event since resistant strains with other GTS molecular types were also found. Concurrently, the molecular basis for macrolide resistance in M. gallisepticum was identified. Our results revealed a clear-cut correlation between single point mutations A2058G or A2059G in domain V of the gene encoding 23S rRNA (rrnA, MGA_01) and acquired macrolide resistance in M. gallisepticum. Indeed, all isolates with MIC ≥ 0.63 μg/mL to tylosin and with MIC ≥ 1.25 μg/mL to tilmicosin possess one of these mutations, suggesting an essential role in decreased susceptibility of M. gallisepticum to 16-membered macrolides.

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