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Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a highly nutritious leafy vegetable widely cultivated for its rich content of vitamins and minerals. To enhance spinach production sustainably, this study investigates the use of liquid organic fertilizer derived from maggot fermentation combined with AB mix nutrients, applied through a drip fertigation system. The study was conducted using three different concentrations: 2.5 ml/L, 5 ml/L, and 7.5 ml/L, with the goal of identifying optimal conditions for maximizing spinach growth. The research utilized a two-factorial, Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications to evaluate the effects of these nutrient combinations on key growth parameters, including plant height, leaf number, leaf area and weight of plants. Results indicated that a concentration of 7.5 ml/L provided the most favorable growth outcomes, with a 46.5 cm increase in plant height and a biomass accumulation of 61.8 grams, representing significant improvements over control treatments. The macro-nutrient content of the maggot-derived POC met national agricultural standards, except for pH, which improved to 7.10 when combined with AB mix. These findings suggest that integrating maggot POC with AB mix offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional fertilizers, promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This study contributes to developing efficient cultivation methods for spinach, addressing increasing market demands, and reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers.

This study investigates the integration of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) in the sustainable development of Banyuwangi Liberica coffee, focusing on coffee farmers' ancestral heritage and local knowledge systems. Practices in land management, cultivation techniques, pest control, and pruning waste utilization are examined. Through qualitative data analysis from interviews and field observations, the research highlights the depth and significance of LEK in maintaining environmental sustainability and cultural heritage. Liberica coffee farmers possess a wealth of inherited LEK, encompassing ecological dynamics, sustainable agriculture, and natural resource conservation. Farmers integrate this knowledge into decision-making, evaluating innovations through research trials. Adopting appropriate practices preserves local ecosystems and maintains Liberica coffee's authenticity. The study underscores LEK's crucial role in land management and cultivation, with seedlings and repurposing waste for soil fertility. Pruning and using shade plant branches optimize fruit production and microclimate regulation. Natural pest control minimizes chemical pesticide use, preserving the coffee ecosystem's delicate balance and supporting biodiversity. Integrating LEK not only fosters environmental sustainability but also strengthens the community's social and cultural fabric. Coffee farmers' ancestral heritage and deep connection with the land contribute to the resilience of local agricultural practices, promoting the well-being of both farmers and the ecosystem.

The development of a tourism site necessitates the participation of various actors. This study's goal is to analyse stakeholders by identifying, categorizing, and describing their interrelationships, as well as the difficulties they encounter, and then optimizing them to develop coffee gastronomy tourism in Malang. The research was conducted in Harjokuncaran Village-Sumbermanjing Wetan (AMSTIRDAM region) by using observation of events and interviews with stakeholders (as primary data sources), and a literature review and documentation (as secondary data sources). The acquired data were then evaluated using qualitative descriptive and pentahelix modeling methods. We identified the engaged stakeholders as primary stakeholders, secondary stakeholders, and key stakeholders. Each stakeholder serves as a coordinator, implementer, facilitator, policymaker, and accelerator. The involved parties can be classified into five categories: the community, the government, the private sector, academics, and media activists. According to the results of the pentahelix modeling, the media and academics, as well as the private sector and academia, do not have a direct relationship, whereas other stakeholders have direct relationships based on mutual trust and respect. The efforts should be optimized by the involvement and participation of stakeholders, enhancing coordination and collaboration among stakeholders, and conducting tourism management.

Promoting Geographical Indications (GI) for Liberica coffee in Banyuwangi is essential to enhance its recognition as a strategic economic commodity. This study aims to map communal assets using the Community Capital Framework (CCF) owned by coffee producers, supporting the development of GIs. Data was collected through on-site semi-structured questionnaires and interviews using a qualitative descriptive approach. The analysis, based on the CCF approach encompassing natural, cultural, human, social, political, financial, and built capital, allows for a comprehensive understanding of community resources. Integrating the CCF in promoting GI for Liberica coffee holds potential for sustainable development in Banyuwangi. Considering the seven key capitals (environmental, human, economic, infrastructure, social, cultural, and political) enables the formulation of a comprehensive strategy, ensuring product quality, market value, environmental sustainability, and the community's economic growth. By strengthening the Liberica coffee sector through the integration of CCF and GI promotion, the study facilitates heightened competitiveness, reputation, and market value, benefiting smallholder farmers and fostering overall economic growth. This approach aligns with the broader goals of sustainable development and contributes to the empowerment of the local coffee community in Banyuwangi.

Agro-tourism is the potential sector that can be developed in rural areas for local economic enhancement, contributing to conservation, and awarding local wisdom. However, several problems in development cause agro-tourism not to be sustainable. This research aimed to describe the existing condition and assess the sustainability of coffee agro-tourism. We evaluate the existing condition and sustainability status by assessing ancillary, attractions, accessibility, amenities, economy, ecology and socio-culture. Respondents from this research were 141 respondents, and each respondent was interviewed with a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted with two methods: descriptive analysis and MDS (Multidimensional Scaling). Existing conditions from the institutional aspect show that some agro-tourism does not have institutional legality, the main attraction is coffee plantations, accessibility is challenging to reach, amenities do not yet have quality according to standards, economic actors are the community, public perception of agro-tourism is very positive. MDS analysis status is very sustainable regarding economic aspects, with a score index of 76.82 %. Ecology, amenities, attractions, social culture and ancillary aspects show enough sustainable status with a score index of 71.01%, 67.73%, 67.59%, 67.58% and 59.97%. At the same time, the accessibility aspect shows a less sustainable status with an index of 33.49%. The results of the leverage analysis show 29 sensitive attributes are an influential key factor in sustainability.

Agroforestry is a form of sustainable agriculture; the present threat of agroforestry is a change in agroforestry landforms that have switched to a less sustainable form. Coffee plays a role in the agroforestry ecosystem, Kalibaru is one of the Banyuwangi District coffee centers managed by the local community. The objective of this study was to determine the vegetation structure and analyze the effect of that on environmental parameters. Data was collected by vegetation analysis and soil parameter analysis with PAST 2020 Software version 4.05. In total, 15 research plots were used, consisting of 5 complex agroforestry, 5 simple agroforestry, and 5 monoculture plots. The results showed 20 species in complex agroforestry, 24 species in simple agroforestry, and 18 species in monoculture were found. The highest important index level in complex agroforestry: Durio zibethinus 63.87% for trees, the Swietenia mahagoni 64.43% for poles, and Coffea canephora 128.87% for shrubs. In simple agroforestry : Cocos nucifera 72.83% for trees, Leucaena leucocephala 80.70% for poles, and the Coffea canephora 137.57% for shrubs. In monoculture agroforestry: Hibiscus similis 82.99% for trees, Leucaena leucocephala 209.22% for poles, and Coffea canephora 130.96% for shrubs. Agroforestry in Kalibaru was categorized in the moderate diversity. The diversity index (H') in complex agroforestry showed H' trees 2.21, pole 2.03 and. shrubs 1.60. Simple agroforestry shows H' tree 2.00, pole 2.49, and shrubs 1.50. Monoculture shows H' tree 1.98, pole 0.64, and shrubs 1.54. Agroforestry a role in maintaining soil moisture and temperature, complex agroforestry: temperature 24 0C, and Moist 5.82, simple: temperature 24.2 0C, Moist 5.42, and Monoculture temperature 26 0C, Moist 4.54.

Stelechocarpus merupakan salah satu genus anggota famili Annonaceae yang tumbuh di kawasan Asia-Pasifik. Sebagai salah satu tumbuhan yang kurang dikenal oleh masyarakat maka perlu adanya upaya konservasi karena jenis Stelechocarpus mempunyai banyak manfaat di bidang farmasi dan kosmetika. Salah satu strategi mendukung upaya konservasi yaitu dengan DNA barcoding yang masih sedikit informasinya untuk jenis Stelechocarpus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi lokus daerah kloroplas secara in-silico yang dapat digunakan sebagai DNA barcode anggota genus Stelechocarpus (Annonaceae). Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in-silico dengan mengekstrak sekuen penanda kloroplas meliputi rbcL, trnL-F, matK, psbA-trnH, dan ndhF yang terdapat pada pangkalan data NCBI. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa hanya diperoleh 18 nomor sekuen lokus kloroplas dari dua jenis pada genus Stelechocarpus, meliputi S. burahol dan S. cauliflorus. Lokus psbA-trnH dan ndhF mengindikasikan dapat digunakan sebagai penanda untuk studi keragaman genetik pada S. burahol. Di sisi lain, lokus rbcL, trnL-F, dan matK mengindikasikan dapat digunakan untuk studi keragaman genetik pada genus Stelechocarpus.

Gumuk is a unique landscape in Jember Regency resulting from the eruption of Mount Raung that can provide ecosystem services through its ecological functions. Increased mining activity in Gumuk and land-use changes can lead to a decline in biodiversity and affect ecosystem services. This study aims to determine the diversity of herbaceous in the Gumuk ecosystem. Conducted in January - March 2021 in Ledokombo District, Jember Regency. The spatial distribution of Gumuk was carried out using GIS. Herbaceous sampling was carried out using 2x2 plots on three types of Gumuk utilisation, namely mixed gardens, sand mining, and stone mining. The results showed that there were 136 Gumuk in Ledokombo District. One hundred twenty herbaceous species (49 families) were found in all types of Gumuk. Mixed gardens have the highest species diversity (109 species, 49 families) compared to other types. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. has high dominance in all types. Species dominance showed a moderate category for all types of Gumuk (D = 0.07). Community complexity in all types was in the high class (D' = 0.90) and species diversity was in the high class (H’ = 3.25). Evenness index € was different in the three types of Gumuk; in mixed gardens, the evenness of species was lower (0.23) than the other two types.

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Desa Ngargoretno merupakan desa wisata di Kabupaten Magelang yang memiliki banyak potensi untuk dikembangkan. Guna mendukung pengembangan dan keberlanjutan Desa Wisata Ngargoretno, maka perlu dilakukan analisis status keberlanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status keberlanjutan Desa Wisata Ngagroretno dari dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, infrastruktur, dan kelembagaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Multi Dimensional Scaling Rappfish yang dimodifikasi menjadi Rap-Tourism. Hasil analisis status keberlanjutan Desa Wisata Ngargoretno menunjukkan dimensi ekologi (63,72%) cukup berkelanjutan, dimensi ekonomi (41,87%) kurang berlanjutan, dimensi sosial (49,14s%) kurang berkelanjutan, dimensi infrastruktur (47,01%) kurang bekelannjutan, dan dimensi kelembagaan (74,32%) cukup berkelanjutan. Ngargoretno Village is a tourism village in Magelang Regency that has a lot of potential to expand. It is located in the heart of the region. It is required to conduct a sustainability assessment of the Ngargoretno Tourism Village in order to assist in the development and long-term viability of the facility. The purpose of this research is to assess the long-term viability of the Ngagroretno Tourism Village from the perspectives of the ecological, economic, social, infrastructural, and institutional components. This research makes use of an examination of a Multi Dimensional Scaling Rappfish that has been developed to become Rap-Tourism. The findings of the research of the Ngargoretno Tourism Village's long-term viability reveal that the ecological dimension (63.72%) is quite sustainable, the economic dimension (41.87%) is less sustainable, the social dimension (49.14s%) is less sustainable, the infrastructure dimension (47.01%) is less sustainable. sustainability, and the institutional dimension (74.32%) is quite sustainable.

Coffee landscape is one of the crucial element of BanyuwangiGeopark, East Java. Coffee landscape plays an essential role in supporting the sustainable ecosystem in Banyuwangi Geopark. A number of studies have already examined ways to develop and preserve the coffee landscape and its biodiversity, especially in coffee cultivated under agroforestry system. This paper aims to describe the ecology of coffee land-scapes in Banyuwangi, identify the problems and opportunities for preservation and biodiversity conservation, explore the possibilities of integrating coffee and tourism, and provide recommendations to preserve the coffee landscape and its biodiversity. Field survey, literature studies and interviews with farmers, tourism consultants, local travel planner, and local guides were conducted to get comprehensive dataand infor-mation of the tourism potential of coffee landscape ecosystems. All these data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results of the study showed that Banyuwangi was home to numerous state-, private-, and peasant-owned coffee orchards. Coffee agro-forestry had already been established for a long time, contributing to biodiversity con-servations. Coffee cultivation was a common practice among communities, which later inspired the creation of a coffee festival. The high number of tourism attractions located in the geopark area coupled with the trend in tourism development, there was potential in integrating coffee into tourism. Important actions have to be done first, and these were: mapping and describing coffee orchard distribution, enhancing peas-ant capacity in coffee cultivation, introducing and strengthening sustainable tourism principles, and establishing regulation to ensure the preservation and conservation of coffee cultural landscapes. The outcome of analyses can be used to provide guidelines for the management of coffee landscape in the Banyuwangi Geopark area in future.

Local community groups have handled damage to the mangrove ecosystem on the coast of South Malang by carrying out restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality in the restoration mangrove ecosystem based on phytoplankton diversity as bioindicators. A water and phytoplankton sampling was repeated three times with a depth of about 10-15 cm (below the surface water) at each location consisting of 4 restored mangrove ecosystems in Clungup Mangrove Conservation (CMC) and Kondang Merak as well as one natural mangrove ecosystem in Teluk Semut, Sempu Island, Malang Regency. Water quality parameters include water temperature, air temperature, conductivity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, and orthophosphate content. The biotic index includes the Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) as an indicator of water nutrient content and Percentage Pollution Tolerance Value (%PTV) as an indicator of organic pollution. The water quality in the five mangrove ecosystems of CMC, Kondang Merak, and Teluk Semut has met the water quality standard for marine biota except for DO, nitrate, and orthophosphate content in several locations. Water quality in five mangrove ecosystems CMC, Kondang Merak, and Teluk Semut based on phytoplankton indicators did not show any contamination with toxic materials (H’). Based on TDI, it is categorized as eutrophic – hypereutrophic, except at the reference site of Teluk Semut mangrove; based on PTV polluted with moderate to high organic matter except at the reference site locations, namely Teluk Semut, and CMC 2. Thus, a location that has good phytoplankton bioindicators is Teluk Semut.

The wildpopulation of Anaphalisspp. in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTNSP) has been reported decreased significantly. A combination of natural disturb-ance and anthropogenic factors contributes to the recent wild population decrease. A formulation of conservation strategy to ensure the sustainability of Anaphalisspp. re-quiredata and information related to external and internal factorsdetermines the re-cent population in wild habitat.The objective of the paper wasto identify factors re-lated to conservation strategy of Anaphalis in BTSNP. This study found internal factor related to strength includes the existence of species and value of Anaphalisspp., while the weaknesses include increase of habitat degradation and disturbance caused by tourism activities. The opportunities for conservation includesupport of policy in bi-odiversity conservation and increase of ecotourism movement, while the threats as-pect include less control of land uses changes and increase of mass tourism. The SWOT analyses recommends some significant strategy which are derived from com-bination of enhancing strength to optimizing opportunities, reducing weaknesses and optimizing opportunities, enhancingstrength to reduce threats and managing weak-nesses to manage risk

Ecotourism needs accommodation that simple, comfortable, provides unique nature experience, and of course ecologically acceptable. Ecolodges is one of the options for tourist who wants their accomodation to be environmentally friendly. That is why, ecolodge needs to be managed with sustainability principles. This literature review uses a systematic literature review approach. Empirical articles on the topic of ecolodge published between 2009 and 2019 were obtained from three reputable journal portals, totaling 56 articles. The articles are reduced to nine articles which are empirical articles, in English, and having ecolodge as the object of their research. The purpose of this literature review is to see the results of Ecolodge related research that has been conducted. This paper finds that several studies highlight the importance of standardization, solid governance, and partnership for ecolodge development. Other researches addresses the importance of local communities' perception and their capacity building development. Some studies also specifically address ecolodge as a form of indigenous tourism. Findings from several studies also indicate the importance of consumer satisfaction for effectiveness and efficiency in ecolodge management. This paper suggests that in future research directions should be conducted with more involvement from other stakeholders to evaluate ecolodge performance in various aspects.

Area of Masjid Kuno Bayan Beleq located in the Lombok island. Development in this sites area involves the tourism stakeholders consisting of government, private sector, and the local community. The purpose of this study were to identify the profile and tourism attractions, the role of stakeholders, and the supporting and inhibiting factors of stakeholder roles. This research applies descriptive qualitative method. Literature studies, observations, and interviews are the technique used to obtain the data needed. The result shows that area of Masjid Kuno Bayan Beleq has the potential of cultural heritage tourism. The development of this area that has been done include: (1) the development of tourist atrraction, accesibility and amenity. (2) the role of stakeholder include : local government, private sector and local community. The stakeholders roles include the provision of infrastructure, human resource development, local development and promotion. Supporting factors are the involvement of local communities in the management and support of the Non Government organiztion. Inhibiting factors are Department of culture and tourism roles is not maximized, local communities as a professional tour players are still lacking, and there are no investors who investing for development of the sites area and lack of coordination from various stakeholders.

Casuarina junghuhniana or mountain ru, she oak or cemara is a species from Indonesia which grows in the highland area at an altitude between 2000 - 3000 m above sea level (asl). One of the highland area in Eastern Java (Jawa Timur) of Indonesia is Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS). The study site was on the Tengger Sea of Sands, Eastern Java, Indonesia where it is affected by volcanic activity. This tree, from some references, has not been well studied yet although it has been reported as a tree native to Indonesia. The lack of the study poses problems when there is a program related to planting the tree on a certain location in TNBTS for rehabilitation purposes. This study attempted to construct a Structural Equation Model that mapped some factors observed in the study site related to C. junghuhniana population. Explored factors for their relationship with each other included the number of male and female individuals, growth-related indicators, and environmental factors consisting of altitude and the tree population. Formative factors which consist of parameters related to growth, environmental factors and factor associated with the diffusion of new individuals, may contribute to population growth while population growth was the opposite. The individual growth might not significantly contribute to the population of C. junghuhniana; instead, the population growth was affected by the tree individuals. Generative reproduction contributed the least to the dispersal as it may rely more on vegetative reproduction by adventitious shoots from roots.

The quality of water in Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi has decreased as a result of high human activities and land use, this can have an impact on the life of marine biota. Macroalgae is suitable for bioindicators because they live in a sessile manner, can accumulate metals and distributed widely. This research aimed to determine coastal ecosystem quality by using macroalgae as indicators on five islands that had different anthropogenic stresses. The research was carried out in April 2019 on Barrang Caddi, Bonebatang, Barrang Lompo, Kodingareng Keke, and Badi Islands. Community structures observed included taxa richness, diversity, evenness, dominance of macroalgae and physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, pH, salinity, DO, BOD, H2S, oil, grease, total Phosphate, and nitrate) as well as the measurement of the ecological condition using Quality of Rocky Bottoms (CFR) index. The results showed that physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, pH, salinity, DO, H2S, oil, grease, total Phosphate) of the water still met the quality standards of sea water based on Decree of the State Minister for Environment No. 51/2004 for marine biota and other standards for macroalgae growth. BOD and nitrate have exceeded sea water quality standards for marine biota (20 mg/L for BOD and 0.008 mg/L for nitrates). A total of nine species of macroalgae were found in Barrang Caddi and Badi Island, three species in Bonebatang, and five species in Kodingareng Keke and Barrang Lompo Island. The result of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Biplot showed that physicochemical water quality has an influence on the macroalgae community structure. While the CFR index shows Barrang Caddi and Badi Island have poor ecological conditions and Bonebatang, Barrang Lompo, and Kodingareng Keke have bad ecological condition.

Local community participation in tourism development has been identified crucial, but it was few discussed in South Malang Regency, East Java. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the community in the development of natural tourism attraction along Southern corridors on East East Java from Balekambang to Sendang Biru. Field survey and interviews were implemented to generate infromation related to the types of local community participation in tourism along the corridor. This research shows that there are two important bodies in natural resources management that influeces the management of recreation sites mnagament, namely Office of Tourism of Malanag Regency and Perhutani KPH Malang. The form of community participation in the JLS Beach Tourism Corridor in South Malang tends to be dominated by the functional participation model. This participation model forms a community to jointly develop, give advice and plan tourist destinations as a form of appreciation for the existence of local community institutions but the decision makers in planning tourist destinations are dominated by parties outside the community, namely Perhutani.

Samosir Island is known as the tourism center of Lake Toba Region that is managed based on DMO concept in 2010-2015. This study aims to identify the profile and tourism attractiveness of Samosir Island, and toidentify and analyze the role of stakeholders through DMO. The researcher used descriptive methods, and used primary and secondary data collected by observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results showed that most of the tourism activities on Samosir Island are related to Batak culture so that local community has an important role in maintaining the sustainability of attractions. There has not been found any good cooperation relations between the government, local communities, and the private sector in the development of Samosir Island tourism. Local communities choose to manage resources especially cultural sites independently. Similar conditions are also found in the private sector where business activities have not been running wuth an appropriate management strategy. Lack of continous control by the local government causes a decrease in the quality of service providers related attractions, amenities, and accessibility.

Cenderawasih Bay has extremely high biodiversity with an enormous amount of endemic species due to geography isolation. Tripneustes gratilla is one of the species that is abundant in the bay. The species has ecological value that is suitable for bio-indicators of the environmental condition. Since the Bay relatively isolated area, then we examined the impact of the geographical conditions on genetic diversity and connectivity of Tripneustes gratilla among populations in the region surrounding Cenderawasih Bay based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase-1 gene. Results of the study showed that genetic variation of the species within the population is high; despite the genetic variation among populations was low. The data suggested that the entire population of T. gratilla were closed connected, homogeneous, and shared polymorphic profile. Then we assumed the gene flow occurred for a long time among populations without geographical barriers. This information is a warrant to develop an effective strategy to maintain biodiversity in the Cenderawasih Bay.

The home garden is a micro-scale landscape where interactions between humans and their environment intensively. One form of interaction is in the form of benefits provided by the home garden in the form of ecosystem services. This study aims to explore the landscape services of the home garden in Jenggolo Village, which are one of the villages that is part of a rice barn in Malang Regency. Data were collected by observation and semi-structured interviews. The results of the study indicate that the home garden provides complete ecosystem services including provisioning services, regulation services, and culture services. Provisioning services for food and cultural services are important home garden services for the household of Jenggolo Village, the majority of whom work as farmers and still cling to Javanese traditional culture. Awareness of the community towards the ecosystem services is one of the bases in determining a strategy for managing sustainable landscapes appropriately

Batu city has abundance natural recreation sites, in which many of them has been visited by tourist. With the recent development of sharia-based tourism industry, there are opportunities for Batu to develop sharia based tourism in Batu, especially in natural recreation sites. The purpose of this research is to identify the implementation of sharia value in natural recreatin sites and Sharia Tourism development strategy in the area of Natural Tourism Batu City. Data were obtained from questionnaires given to 84 respondents consisting of visitors, tourism employees, tour manager, and policymaker then being analyzed for the implementation of sharia tourism and strategy on the development of natural tourism. SWOT strategy was used to determine every aspect of tourism development (weight 0.00 to 1.00). The results of the analysis with SWOT quadrant shows that implementation most of it has been applied. While sharia development strategy in nature tourism of Batu city is at the quadrant I which is Aggressive strategy. The Alternative strategy that used is SO strategy (Strengths-Opportunities) which includes: 1. Improving the quality of service that will lead to the system of sharia tourism; 2. Utilizing all resources as a attraction of sharia tourism; 3. Involving all the stakeholders in cooperation planning and management of natural tourism principled sharia;and 4. Improving foreign language skills to all Employees and management of tourism.

Local culture and traditions have been considered as an important factor in influencing plant species diversity and composition of home garden, but their interactive effect have not yet been investigated. This research aimed to describe the plant species diversity in traditional home gardens, identify the species with important value based on ethnobotanical indices, and describe the perception of local people towards agroforestry conservation in Osingnese Villages in Banyuwangi. Data acquisition was performed at Kopen Dukuh, Buluhsari-Kopen Cungking, and Kemiren Villages. Floristic survey was implemented at 75 home gardens. An interview was implemented for each owner. Results showed that Osingnese home gardens consist of numerous plant species. Kopen Dukuh and Buluhsari-Kopen Cungking showed a complex structure which could be considered as a complex agroforestry. Cocos nucifera, Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica, Garcinia mangostana, and Durio zibethinus were the important species in complex agroforestry. Those species composition indicated that home gardens are able to conserve native plants of Malaysian regions, particularly Indonesian flora. Agroforestry knowledge was derived from the older generations and implemented in gardening practices. They also argued that recent agroforestry is an adaptation mechanism of land management. The government did not contribute to educate and empower local people about agroforestry practices.

ABSTRAK Penurunan keanekaragaman hayati umumnya disebabkan oleh adanya degradasi sumberdaya hayati dan kurangnya upaya konservasi. Oleh karena itu, salah satu upaya konservasi sumberdaya alam dapat dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam melestarikan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2016-Februari 2017 di Hutan Pelawan, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Bangka Belitung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara secara mendalam (In-depth Interview) dan FGD (Focus Group Discussion) yang terbagi menjadi small group discussion dan final group discussion. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejarah penamaan Hutan Pelawan berasal dari pohon pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) yang mendominasi kawasan hutan tersebut. Hutan ini mengalami pro dan kontra sebelum ditetapkan sebagai kawasan Taman Keanekaragaman Hayati (Taman Kehati) Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Pada saat ini, kondisi hutan tersebut telah memiliki tiga fungsi utama yaitu: konservasi sumberdaya hayati, pembangunan berkelanjutan, dan logistic support (penelitian, pendidikan, dan monitoring). Kearifan lokal masyarakat yang masih terjaga dan berkaitan langsung dengan upaya konservasi sumberdaya alam Hutan Pelawan masih dapat ditemukan seperti tradisi musung madu dengan cara membuat sunggau untuk mendapatkan hasil berupa air madu dari Apis dorsata (madu liar). Selain itu, masyarakat juga masih mempercayai tentang mitos tumbuh jamur Pelawan (Heimioporus sp.) yang hanya dapat tumbuh pada inang pohon T. merguensis disaat adanya hujan petir. Oleh karena itu, perlunya mengintegrasikan kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam mendukung upaya konservasi dengan merevitalisasi dan mereaktualisasi kearifan lokal tersebut yang diberi dasar hukum sebagai dasar kekuatan masyarakat, serta perlunya kajian penelitian yang ilmiah dalam mendukung kearifan lokal sebagai upaya konservasi lingkungan sehingga memberi dampak positif bagi kehidupan masyarakat tersebut. Kata kunci: Kearifan lokal, sumberdaya hayati, konservasi, hutan pelawan. ABSTRACT The decrease in biodiversity is generally caused by the degradation of biological resources and the lack of conservation efforts. Therefore, one of nature resource conservation efforts can be done by integrating local wisdom of society in preserving environment sustainable. This research was conducted on October 2016-February 2017 in Pelawan Forest, Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung. The research method used is observation, In-depth Interview and FGD (Focus Group Discussion) divided into small group discussion and final group discussion. The results show that the history of naming the Pelawan Forest comes from the tree of Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) that dominate the forest area. This forest is experiencing pros and cons before it is designated as Biodiversity Park of Central Bangka Regency. At the moment, the forest condition already has three functions, namely: biological resource conservation, sustainable development, and logistic support (research, education, and monitoring). Local wisdom community who are still awake and directly related to natural resources conservation Pelawan Forests can still be found as a tradition musung madu how to make a honey with sunggau to get the results in the form of honey of Apis dorsata (Wild Honey). In addition, people also still believe in the myth of growing mushrooms Pelawan (Heimioporus sp.) which can only grow on the host tree T. merguensis in the presence of thunderstorms. Therefore, the need to integrate the local wisdom of communities in support of conservation efforts by revitalization and the implementation of the local wisdom is given the basic law as the basis of power of the community, as well as the need for a review scientific research in support of local wisdom as environmental conservation efforts so as to give a positive impact to the lives of the community. Keywords: Local wisdom, biodiversity, conservation, Pelawan forest. Citation: Henri, Hakim, L., dan Batoro, J. (2018). Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat sebagai Upaya Konservasi Hutan Pelawan di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Bangka Belitung. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 49-57,doi:10.14710/jil.16.1.49-57

The aim of this research was to evaluate the diversity of plant species along the tourist trails to Mt. Lamongan and combat any misconceptions about ecosystem restoration and the ecotourism development program in Mt. Lamongan. A floristic survey was done through flora identification along the hiking trail from the gate of Mt. Lamongan nature recreation area in Papringan Village to the slopes of Mt. Lamongan. The identified species were listed and their taxonomic status analyzed using information from the GRIN website. This study found that exotic plant species are abundant along the tourist tract. Human activities were identified as contributing to the introduction and establishment of exotic plant species. Result of the research indicate that restoration knowledge and techniques do not exist in the Mt. Lamongan region. A comprehensive evaluation of flora should be implemented to enhance the restoration program and protect forest area, especially the tourist corridor to the peak of Mt. Lamongan. Integrated actions to enhance restoration and promote tourism are needed. It encompasses strengthening the restoration concept and technology, eradication of exotic plant species, and establishing a proper tourism interpretive tract.

River ecosystem is a potential resource for ecotourism development necessary to job creation for the local community and river conservation support. The aims of this research are to depict the ecotourism attraction potentials, to prepare ecotourism product designs, to evaluate tourist’s preferences regarding ecotourism objects and attractions, and to develop a typology of tourism products prospectively developed along the Pekalen Atas River. This study was completed from October 2016 to March 2017 in Pekalen Atas River, Ranu Gedang Village, Tiris Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency. This research covered object identification and mapping steps along the riverbank, and then followed by respondent preferences testing toward the ecotourism objects required to the making of ecotourism product development’s classification and ranking. This product was also developed by taking stakeholders’ feedback into account during the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The result reveals that the Pekalen Atas Riverbank consists of 26 rapids, three waterfalls, three fields, three caves and 11 animal species. The potential objects could be classified into rafting and non-rafting. Based on tourists’ perceptions, the non-rafting objects are considered “attractive” so that their further developments should meet the principles of sustainable natural resources utilization compliance. The FGD results confirmed three types of ecotourism products that could be developed along the Pekalen Atas Riverbank, i.e. low-, medium-and hard-level product.

The objective of the paper are to identify levels of bio-geodiversity of Bromo-Tengger-Semeru-Arjuno area, describes local community and factors triggering biodiversity disturbance and declines, and establishes recommendations for geotourism development in Bromo-Tengger-Semeru-Arjuno Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia. This study cundected a series of field observation, secondary data analisys and interview at the local and regional levels. Result shows that BromoTengger-Semeru-Arjuno has high biodiversity and is the most diverse highland region in East Java Province. There are a large number of flora-fauna and geological phenomena, reflecting the importance of biodiversity conservation and geotourism development in this area. While there are many positive impacts from tourism, there are also environmental problems. A number of identified problems encompass unsustainable agriculture practices, illegal hunting, illegal logging, forest fire, illegal plant collections and tourism. A large number of visitors at some attraction locationsare a critical issue in the biosphere reserve area. The development of other tourist spots has been important to reduce human impact to the biophysical environment of biosphere reserves. The challenges facing the development of sustainable geotorism in Bromo-Tengger-Semeru-Arjuno Biosphere Reserve are to find a balance between conservation and tourism as well as involve local people as active participants in tourism development.

An analysis of the role of mangrove ecosystems in tourism was undertaken in order to build a strategy for mangrove conservation and conceptualize sustainable mangrove-based tourism development in East Java, Indonesia. The results of the present study suggest that mangroves could be used as nature-based tourism destinations. While tourism in mangrove areas in East Java clearly contributes to mangrove conservation, it still lacks a mangrove tour program, in which it is important to deliver the objectives of ecotourism. For the sustainable use of mangrove biodiversity as a tourist attraction, it is essential to know the basic characteristics of mangroves and establish mangrove tourism programs which are able to support a conservation program. It is also crucial to involve and strengthen the participation of local communities surrounding mangrove areas. The involvement of local wisdom could increase the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems.

Indonesia has a high potential for the diversity of flora and fauna species together with their ecosystem. Preservation of natural resources can be done through conservation using the concept of ecotourism. The purpose of this research is to identify the potential of the flora and fauna in Biodiversity Park of Pelawan Forest for tourist attraction. The study was conducted from October 2016 to January 2017 through inventory and in-depth interview. The analysis on the results of this study indicate that there are 41 species of 27 families of plants and 135 species of animals consisting of amphibians (6 species), reptiles (16 species), birds (99 species) and mammals (14 species). This indicates that Biodiversity Park of Pelawan Forest is very competitive for tourism attractions, which is supported by the presence of key species (Tristaniopsis merguensis), flagship species (Cephalopachus bancanus), and abundance of birds for bird watching. Based on the IUCN red list, several species of flora, such as Gonystylus bancanus, and fauna, such as Setornis criniger, Chloropsis sonnerati, Macaca nemestrina, Nycticebus menagensis, and Cephalopachus bancanus, are vulnerable to extinction. This study on flora and fauna results in the initial data that can be used to support conservation efforts. Moreover, the result of this study can provide an opportunity for visitors to enjoy these tourist attractions, which can benefit the local community.

The aims of the study was to analyze the potentiality of spices and herbs in agrofotestry garden in Banyuwangi, Indonesia, for further rural tourism development. Fields study was set up at villages in Banyuwangi. Floristic survey, ethnobitanical studies and focus group discussion were performed to evaluate the value of spices and herbs in agroforestry gardens an its potentiality to develop as tourism product. This study found that at least 60 species of spice and herbs with its special value, in which these species has opportunities to developed as tourism attraction in agroforestry garden. There are something to see, something to buy and something to do has been described by group discussion participant. It is raging from farm tourism product, culinary tourism product and heath-wellness tourism product.

Background: An ethnobotanical study on local cuisine of Sasak tribe in Lombok Island was carried out, as a kind of effort of providing written record of culinary culture in some region of Indonesia. The cuisine studied included meals, snacks, and beverages that have been consumed by Sasak people from generation to generation. Objective: The aims of this study are to explore the local knowledge in utilising and managing plants resources in Sasak cuisine, and to analyze the perceptions and concepts related to food and eating of Sasak people. Methods: Data were collected through direct observation, participatory-observation, interviews and literature review. Results: In total 151 types of consumption were recorded, consisting of 69 meals, 71 snacks, and 11 beverages. These were prepared with 111 plants species belonging to 91 genera and 43 families. Fabaceae contributed the highest number of species to the cuisine. Cocos nucifera had the highest Index of Cultural Significance value and highest number of reported uses. Apparently traditional social and cultural values are still closely associated with Sasak food and eating. Conclusion: Sasak people interpret their food not only as a material for supporting life, but also as a means to maintain a good balance between humans, environment, and spiritual needs.

D. philippinensis or Sempur (Java) and T. microcarpa are dominated most of vegetation in Purwodadi Botanical Garden area that will be muddy after rain. This condition can be suspected as the effect of low soil macroporosity. This study aim was to observe the effect of root quantity and litter quality surround Terminalia and Dillenia trees. Root quantity parameters which observed were Lrv (Root Length Density) dan Drv (Dry Root Mass). Sample was taken using drilling method and roots were measured using line interception method. Soil macroporosity was measured using methylene blue staining. Litter decomposed in forest floor, it weight then measures on 12 weeks after taken. Soil macroporosity higher in soil surround Dillenia than Terminalia. Soil macroporosity surround Terminalia and Dillenia are not significantly correlated to Lrv (Root Length Density) dan Drv (Dry Root Mass). While, decomposition rate of litter has correlated to macroporosity, especially on Terminalia. Keywords: Root, litter, macroporosity.

The aims of this article are to examine the recent status of Banteng Bos javanicus conservation in East Java, identify the roots of conservation problems and propose the non-consumptive and sustainable uses of Banteng by implementing ecotourism. Recently, Banteng population distributes in Alas Purwo, Meru Betiri, and Baluran National Parks. The population in Alas Purwo and Meru Betiri were relatively stable yearly. Rapid population decrease found in Baluran National Park. The roots of threats may be categorized into two factors, socio-economic and ecological factors. Socio-economic problems lead to the increase of habitat disturbance, poaching, and illegal hunting. Ecological aspect was ranging from invasion of exotic plant species, competitors, predators, drought, forest fire and vegetation changes. Lack of habitat management also recognized as an important factor to drive Bos javanicus decline and extinction. Ecotourism in the national park may become one of the significant and effective stimuli to support Banteng conservation.

Potential ecotourism attraction in Rajegwesi Village, Meru Betiri National Park is high due to its high biodiversity, especially bird diversity, in the form of bird watching activity. This study was aimed to determine the species, level of abundance, and diversity of birds found in the Rajegwesi area. Further, this basic information is important to develop the bird watching track at Rajegwesi. We used Quantum-GIS to create the land classification and observation mapping. Bird observation used point count method in the morning and evening with three periods of hour and three repetitions. The study confirmed about 76 species of 39 bird families was found in Rajegwesi. The highest abundance was Pygnonotus goiavier (E:Yellow-vented Bulbul), at the meadows, village, and rehabilitation land. The diversity index showed that the highest diversity was found at the heterogeneous forest (H’ index 3.745), followed by homogenous forest (H’ index 3.150), rehabilitation land (H’ index 2.845), village (H’ index 2.693), paddy fields (H’ index 2.529), and savanna (H’ index 1.880). The observation track was divided into 3 lines based on the bird’s distribution, the Village – Rehabilitation Land track (6.5 Km), Village track (2.3 Km), and Village – Rafflessia Park track (7.5 Km). Total of 25 bird species were found at the Village – Rehabilitation Land track, 22 species were found at the Village track, and 29 bird species were found at the Village – Rafflessia Park track. For the future of ecotourism development through birding development program, there are several issues that should be promoted: promoting birds conservation in the community through bird watching and birds observation competition (Bird race), training on conservation and ecotourism for the community, and strengthening the capacity and capability of Rajegwesi Ecotourism Society (RES) on the ecotourism program management. Keywords: bird watching, conservation, ecotourism development, RES

The aim of the study is to define the strategic management of nature based tourism in Ijen crater, East Java. From the perspectives of accessibility, problems facing by accessibility are related to the travel distance and forest road quality. Ijen craters have three important aspect in competitiveness tourism aspect, namely something to see (mountain landscape), something to do (trekking, hiking, bird watching), and something to buy (meals). The future development of such attraction should be meets ecotourism principles. This study found that improving tourism facility and infrastructure were important aspects. The development and improvement of tourism facility and infrastructure, however, should be incorporates ecotourism principles. In such a case, the conservation, local people and community development becomes crucial issue. Involvement of stakeholder and local community in facility and infrastructure will increase the quality and sustainability of infrastructure and tourism facility. Keywords: ecotourism strategy, tourism management.

Tripneustes gratilla is economically important, supports small-scale, commercially important, ecological values, a prospect as a biological control agent and also considered as the commercially traded sea urchin. We review genetic aspects of T. gratilla for understanding the status to the sustainable use in the future. In GenBank, there are 267 nucleotide sequences related with T. gratilla. Most of the sequences (189 sequences) are COI gene of T. gratilla from Indo-Pacific Ocean. Study on molecular genetics mentioned that there is no genetic structure for T. gratilla distribution in Indo-Pacific Ocean including in Indonesia waters. Key words: T. gratilla, sea urchin, Indo-Pacific Ocean, genetic, COI gene.

Batik Jonegoroan is one of the potential tourism product in Jono Village, Bojonegoro. Batik was processed by traditional procedure using natural dyes from plants. In order to preserve the traditional batik which was colored by natural dyes from plant, the preservation of such plant were important. As far, there are no scientific data related to the species usage in Batik production. The aims of the research were identifying plant which were used as natural dyes in Batik processing. Data were collected ​​through observation, and semi-structured interviews to batik craftsmen. Results of interviews were analyzed descriptively. The importance of plant was analyzed using Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) index. Based on the results, there are 12 plant species used as batik dye. It is consisted of Teak, Mahogany, Ketapang, Tamarind, Mangosteen, Mango, Suji, Pandan, Indigofera, Guava, Banana and Onion. Teak (Tectonagrandis L.) and Mahogany (Swietenia mahogany L.) have the highest value of RFC, 1.00. Both species were the most frequently cited species as sources of natural dyes. Extraction of Teak leaves produce red hearts and extraction of mahogany tree bark produces red-brown dye. Both of the color is the most important color in batik motifs. Keywords: batik Jonegoroan, Jono Cultural Tourism Village, perception, quality, RFC

Rajegwesi tourism area is one of the significant tourism areas in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia. The area rich in term of biodiversity which are potential for developed as natural tourism attraction. The aim of this study is to identify snakes species diversity and its distribution in Rajegwesi tourism area. Field survey was done in Rajegwesi area, namely swamps forest, residential area, rice fields, agriculture area (babatan), resort area, and Plengkang cliff. This study found some snakes, encompasses Colubridae (10 species), Elapidae (four species), and Phytonidae (one species). There are Burmese Python (Python reticulatus), Red-necked Keelback (Rhabdophis subminiatus), Painted Bronzeback Snake (Dendrelaphis Pictus), Black Copper Rat Snake (Coelognathus flavolineatus), Radiated Rat Snake (C. radiatus), Striped Keelback (Xenochrophis vittatus), Checkered Keelback (X. piscator), Spotted Ground Snake (Gongyosoma balioderius), Gold-ringed Cat Snake (Boiga dendrophila), Common Wolf Snake (Lycodon capucinus), Banded Wolf snake (L. subcinctus), Cobra (Naja sputatrix), King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), Malayan Krait (Bungarus candidus), and Banded Krait (B. fasciatus) was found. These snake habitats distributes at 21 coordinate points. Keywords: conservation, ecotourism, snakes.

Marine and fisheries resources in Situbondo Regency were potential to supports seafood processing, e.g. traditional smoked processing of mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis Cantor) based on local wisdom. This research was aimed to assess and analyzes: the processing of smoked mackerel tuna based on local wisdom, public perception towards the processing of smoked mackerel tuna, and the quality of smoked mackerel tuna. The research carried out on January to April 2014, in Jangkar Village, Situbondo regency. The study included depth interview from key persons with questionnaire and organoleptic test. The public perception on smoked mackerel tuna was taken by questionnaire from 85 respondents, whereas the quality of smoked mackerel tuna was analyzed with laboratory proximate test. Result of this research showed that smoked mackerel tuna processing used traditional smoking instrument and fuel material. The smoking stall used several banana midrib stem above the furnace that made of cement and bricks, while the fuel use coconut coir which created the typical flavors of the smoked mackerel tuna. The average organoleptic value of the smoked mackerel tuna appearance is 7.89 (intact, clean, brown, very shiny specific type), flavors of 8.24 (less fragrant, smoked enough, without additional disturbing odor), taste of 8.41 (delicious, savory), texture of 7.40 (solid, compact, fairly dry, tight inter-flesh tissue), and colour of 7.20 (attractive, specific, shiny brown colour type). Public perception showed that the community knowledge on smoked mackerel tuna processing is good, creates good flavors of smoked mackerel tuna and favored by the community, thus also encourage the community to support the conservation of this traditional smoked processing. Lab analysis showed that the proximate value of 0.99% carbohydrates, 29.59% protein, 1.14% fat, 2.89% mineral, 1.88% ash, and 63.4% water. Processing of smoked mackerel tuna as tourism product of Situbondo Regency is worth and it has been given benefits to the increasing of community welfare, thus it need to be preserved to become sustainable. Keywords: culinary product, public perceptions, smoked mackerel tuna, traditional seafood processing.

Tourism is an important sector in developing countries to support economic growth, and coastal areas are famous destinations in tourism. The plan and design for Balekambang coastal area as a tourism destination in East Java, Indonesia has been formulated and published. However, it seems lack ecological and social perspectives. This study examines coral reefs structure as one of the ecological parameter and tourist perspectives as social parameter for destination development evaluation. Twenty belt-transects were established along Balekambang coastline, and then divided into three sections, the east, the centre and the west sections. Every belt-transect was 200m in length and consists of 15 plots 1 x 2m. The tourist perspectives to Balekambang were determined using questionnaire among 234 respondents. Based on the Morisita similarity index, the coral reef of east section consists of 2 zones, the centre consists of 5 zones and west section consists of 4 zones. The Shannon diversity index (H’) among zones at every location was ranged. The diversity index of the east section ranged from 2.07 to 2.72, the central section ranged from 1.32 to 4.20, and the west section ranged from 3.13 to 4.20. Zones that were close to the coastline had lowest diversity indices than zones that located far from the coastline. Mostly, tourists stated that Balekambang was interesting, but the object of tourism should be added. Respondent knew there were forest surrounding Balekambang, and it has the possibility to develop as tourism destination. These findings argue that the forest conversion to cottage area that planned by the local government in the west section should be reviewed. It seems forest in the west section should be developed as a forest park to meet tourist needs and redistribute tourist concentration in the coastline. Keywords: Ecological and social evaluation, coastal, tourism, sustainable development, East Java.

Village development aims to improve the welfare of villagers and the quality of human life. The purpose of this study was to formulate a coastal tourism management model toward developing independent tourist villages. This study employed a quantitative approach by using survey methods. The data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). There were four variables namely: the potential of mangrove ecosystem, the perception of the coastal community, the coastal tourism facilities, and the coastal ecotourism. The results indicated that there were two variables which had a significant effect on the management of coastal tourist villages, namely the perception of coastal community and coastal ecotourism. Furthermore, the management of a coastal tourist village had a significant effect on the development of independent coastal tourist villages, and the management of coastal tourist villages was a strong mediator to develop an independent coastal tourist village.

Kota Batu merupakan salah satu daerah otonom di Provinsi Jawa Timur yang mengandalkan sektor pariwisata untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah (PAD). Pengembangan pariwisata lebih mengarah pada objek wisata artifisial atau buatan yang dibangun oleh investor namun menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan. Perlu alternatif lain pengembangan pariwisata yaitu obyek wisata yang mampu menekan dampak kerusakan lingkungan sekaligus meningkatkan peran masyarakat lokal dan kesejahteraannya yaitu pengembangan Desa Ekowisata berbasis Community Based Ecotourism (CBE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian potensi wisata dan obyek daya tarik wisata (ODTW) di desa – desa wisata, menganalisis kesiapan terhadap pengembangan desa ekowisata, menganalisis desa wisata yang paling optimal untuk pengembangan desa ekowisata dan menentukan arahan strategi kebijakan pengembangan desa ekowisata di Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dengan survei primer dan sekunder. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Analisis potensi wisata dan obyek daya tarik wisata (ODTW), Penilaian kesiapan pengembangan Community Based Ecotourism (CBE), Analisis spasial dan Analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh desa wisata di Kecamatan Bumiaji memiliki potensi wisata dan obyek daya tarik wisata (ODTW) berupa atraksi alam, sumberdaya pertanian dan budaya yang dapat lebih dikembangkan. Penilaian potensi wisata dan obyek daya tarik wisata (ODTW) menunjukkan Desa Tulungrejo dan Desa Sumberbrantas termasuk klasifikasi Sangat Baik; Analisis kesiapan terhadap pengembangan desa ekowisata berbasis masyarakat (CBE) menunjukkan Desa Tulungrejo dan Desa Bumiaji termasuk dalam klasifikasi Baik. Hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan Desa Tulungrejo merupakan desa yang paling optimal untuk pengembangan desa ekowisata di Kecamatan Bumiaji. Analisis Matrik Grand Strategy menunjukkan arahan strategi kebijakan pengembangan Desa Ekowisata di Desa Tulungrejo terletak pada kuadran 1, strategi yang digunakan bersifat agresif (SO). Kata Kunci : Kota Batu, pengembangan, potensi dan ODTW, Desa Ekowisata

Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) is one of the nature conservation area that has the potential of flora, fauna, and ecosystems that could develop as a nature-based tourism attraction. The existence of certain indicator species was related to estimation of stress level and disturbance on ecosystem stability for making strategic decisions about the restoration in this area. One of the important indicator species at forest ecosystem were soil arthropods. Aim this research were analyzed composition and diversity of soil arthropods at Rajegwesi, MBNP areas. The methods in this research used pitfall trap, measurement of distribution structure and soil arthropods composition based on the Shannon - Wiener index, Morisita similarity index and Importance Value Index (IVI). The number of families and individuals of soil arthropods found in the coastal area of Rajegwesi consists of 10 order with 21 families (702 individual). The number of individuals of the order Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Collembola and Araneida was more widely found. Soil arthropods diversity index on each land use indicated that soil arthropod diversity in these areas were moderate. Soil arthropod community of orchards and forest had a similarity of species composition, whereas soil arthropod community of savanna had a similarity of species composition with paddy fields.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peta persebaran tanaman buah, karakter populasi tanaman buah, serta persepsi masyarakat pemilik tanaman buah di sepanjang jalur wisata Desa Kemiren, Tamansuruh, dan Kampunganyar, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi survei pemetaan tanaman buah (mangga, rambutan, manggis, durian, jambu air dan jambu biji) dengan merekam titik koordinat dari GPS untuk setiap tanaman buah. Penentuan karakter populasi tanaman buah dilakukan dengan mengamati morfologi tanaman terkait vitalitas dan periodisitas. Persepsi masyarakat dilakukan dengan wawancara dan kuisioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengolah data koordinat dan data pengamatan karakter populasi tanaman buah ke dalam peta dasar melalui aplikasi GIS. Pemetaan persepsi masyarakat diperoleh dengan wawancara dan kuisioner yang dihitung dengan skala Likert kemudian dipetakan sebaran spasialnya dengan aplikasi GIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persebaran tanaman buah yang ada di pekarangan rumah banyak tersebar di sepanjang jalur desa wisata dengan perbandingan jumlah buah yang ditemukan di Desa Kemiren 76 pohon, Tamansuruh 53 pohon, dan Kampunganyar 40 pohon. Kondisi tanaman buah dalam keadaan tumbuh dengan baik, bertunas, berbunga dan berbuah, hal ini dikarenakan pada saat penelitian waktunya tanaman buah memasuki masa berbuah dan masa panen. Antusiasme masyarakat tinggi untuk menjadikan tanaman buah yang ada di sepanjang jalur desa wisata sebagai daya tarik wisatawan. Kata Kunci: jalur wisata, karakter populasi, pemetaan, persepsi, tanaman buah

Sulawesi Utara mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi kawasan wisata, salah satu potensi adalah Danau Linow di Tomohon Selatan. Kawasan Danau Linow memiliki lahan yang cukup luas serta keragaman flora dan fauna dengan topografi berbukit-bukit. Untuk menunjang wisata alam di kawasan Danau Linow maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian mendalam potensi lahan agar dapat dioptimalkan penggunaannya kearah pemanfaatan yang konservatif tentang suhu termal dikawasan tersebut. Metode pengukuran suhu tanah pada penelitian ini dilakukan pada tiga tempat yang berbeda, yaitu pada lahan persawahan, hutan, dan lahan terbuka yang merupakan tempat sumber termal. Jarak pengukuran dari tepi danau dengan kisaran 0 m, 2 m, 8 m, 16 m, 32 m. kedalaman pengukuran pada tanah oC pada jarak 8 m dari tepi danau dengan jarak 15 cm dari permukaan tanah. Suhu tanah pada lokasi hutan mulai dari 24,2oC sampai 62,6oC. paling tinggi pada daerah tepi danau pada pukul 14.30 WITA. Suhu permukaan tanah di lokasi terdapat sumber termal bervariasi antara 42 –> 60oC. Pada kedalaman sekitar 1 m, suhu tanah bervariasi antara 45 –>70oC. Lahan di lokasi ini tidak ditumbuhi rumput atau pepohonan. Kesimpulan hasil pengukuran dan analisis suhu tanah pada beberapa lokasi di sekitar danau Linow menunjukkan bahwa suhu tanah sangat bervariasi yang dipengaruhi oleh penyinaran matahari dan karena adanya sumber termal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh energi termal dari lapisan bawah permukaan bumi hanya mencapai jarak mendatar kurang dari 8 m, sehingga sebagian besar lahan sekitar danau Linow dapat dimanfaatkan untuk penanaman vegetasi atau budidaya tanaman serta pengembangan kearah agrowisata. Kata kunci: Danau Linau, energi termal, Tomohon, suhu tanah

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis serta sebaran spasial burung-burung yang ada di desa Ngadas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2010- Maret 2011 di Desa Ngadas, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang. Pengamatan burung dilakukan dengan menjelajahi jalur pengamatan yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Daerah yang dijadikan lokasi pengamatan adalah hutan disekitar Desa Ngadas, wilayah lahan yang diolah serta daerah pemukiman. Data yang diambil dalam pengamatan burung tersebut meliputi data jenis burung, jenis vegetasi dimana burung dijumpai serta posisi koordinat dan lokasi perjumpaan dengan burung. Data mengenai jenis dan jumlah burung pada masing-masing karakter lahan ditabulasikan dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2007, untuk selanjutnya dibuat diagram yang menunjukkan perbandingan antara jenis burung yang ditemukan pada masing-masing karakter lahan. Sementara untuk posisi koordinat burung tersebut dijumpai ditabulasikan dengan menggunakan Microsoft Access 2007, yang selanjutnya akan diolah dengan menggunakan software ArcGIS 9.3 untuk dibuat peta sebaran burung Desa Ngadas. Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan di Desa Ngadas, diketahui bahwa setidaknya ada 13 famili dan 23 spesies burung yang ada di Desa Ngadas. Ketiga belas famili burung ini tersebar di seluruh wilayah desa Ngadas, namun jumlah famili paling banyak ditemukan di wilayah hutan sekunder, kemudian diikuti oleh wilayah ladang serta daerah pemukiman. Dengan melihat keragaman burung serta distribusinya di Desa Ngadas, perencanaan kegiatan Birdwatching memiliki potensi besar untuk dilaksanakan sebagai salah satu upaya konservasi dan pengenalan akan pentingnya melestarikan dan menjaga keberadaan burung. Kata kunci: Burung, birdwatching, desa Ngadas, sebaran

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat, mengetahui jenis-jenis tanaman yang digunakan untuk upacara Kasada serta mengetahui peran serta masyarakat Tengger di Desa Ngadas dalam mengkonservasi tanaman yang digunakan upacara Kasada. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei, observasi dan wawancara semi terstruktur dengan menggunakan 50 responden. Analisis penggunaan tumbuhan dengan menggunakan rumus indeks konsensus / fidelity level. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan persepsi masyarakat sangat tinggi terhadap pelaksanaan upacara Kasada serta penyerahan hasil bumi. Tanaman yang digunakan untuk upacara Kasada meliputi 16 jenis tanaman. Nilai penggunaan tanaman tertinggi adalah edelweis (Anaphalis longifolia) 96%, padi (Oryza sativa) 94%, kentang (Solanum tuberosum) 90%, bawang prei (Allium fistulosum) 86%, putihan(Buddleja asiatica) 84%, kubis (Brassica oleraceae) 80%, antinganting (Fuchsia magellanica) 78%, pisang raja (Musa paradisiaca) 74%, telotok (Curculigo latifolia) 70%, kenikir/gumitir (Cosmos caudatus) 68%, pinang (Areca catechu) dan beringin (Ficus benjamina ) 46%, danglu (Engelhardia spicata) 40%, janur daun kelapa (Cocos nucifera) 30%, sirih (Piper betle) 28%, dan jagung(Zea mays) 24%. Upaya konservasi keanekaragaman hayati yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Tengger telah berkembang sejak lama, khususnya pada masyarakat yang memiliki pengetahuan lokal. Konservasi dilakukan dengan menanam flora tersebut di ladang, pekarangan dan jalan-jalan sekitar desa. Konsep pengelolaannya mengacu pada pemanfaatan berkelanjutan untuk memperoleh dinamika ekosistem yang selaras dan seimbang bagi kehidupan masyarakat Tengger.Kata kunci: Desa Ngadas, indek konsensus, konservasi, upacara Kasada

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tanaman pekarangan rumah, menggali persepsi masyarakat dan wisatawan tentang tanaman pekarangan, mengetahui nilai kegunaan tanaman pekarangan homestay, serta mengetahui periodesitas masa panen dan berbunga tanaman di Desa Wisata Tambaksari. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, meliputi survei tanaman pekarangan rumah, studi persepsi masyarakat dan wisatawan dengan membagi kuisoner pada 60 responden. Nilai kegunaan tanaman dianalisis menggunakan metode UVs, sedangkan nilai ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap suatu tanaman dianalisis dengan metode ICS, serta membuat tabel periodesitas masa panen dan berbunga tanaman pekarangan rumah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 43 jenis tanaman di pekarangan rumah. Persepsi responden homestay lebih tinggi dibandingkan responden non-homestay terhadap desa wisata dan pekarangan rumah. Wisatawan memandang bahwa tanaman pekarangan rumah sangat penting untuk kegiatan ekowisata. Hasil analisis nilai UVs dari 43 tanaman diketahui bahwa Musa acuminata var Berlin, Musa (Kelompok AA) Sucrier, Musa (Kelompok AAA) Gros Michael, dan Musa acuminata var Hijau memiliki nilai UVs tertinggi dengan nilai sebesar 5. Sedangkan, analisis nilai ICS dari 43 jenis tanaman diketahui bahwa Cocos nucifera L. memiliki nilai ICS tertinggi dengan nilai sebesar 84. Analisis ICS dan UVs dapat digunakan untuk menggali persepsi tentang etnobotani pekarangan rumah dalam mempertahankan biodiversitas pekarangan rumah dan fungsi ekologis lingkungan. Tabel periodesitas masa panen dan masa berbunga dapat mempermudah wisatawan saat melakukan kegiatan ekowisata di Desa Wisata tambaksari. Kata Kunci: Desa wisata, ICS, pekarangan rumah, persepsi, UVs

Determining the sex of T. gratilla was diffi cult and generally determined directly by the presence, length and shape as well assize gonopore genital papilla. We tried to determine of the gender17 individual of T. gratilla based on morphological approach.Injection of KCl and cleavage of the whole individual is alsocarried out to observe the color of the gonads as a reference fordetermining the sex. We found 6 samples of female and 11 malesamples based on gonad color. The results of morphological measurements showed that all parameters used have not been ableto determine the sex of T. gratilla, either singly or in combination parameters. The number of samples need to be added till at least30 individual each sex. This is consistent with logistic regression 3, where the P-value is less than the P-value logistic regression 1 and 2, which enables different results if the sample size is enlarged.

In developed countries, traditional knowledge of indigenous people is being widely threatened by current trends of economic globalization especially in destination tourism area such as Tambakrejo village, Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang. This region includes Sempu Island as well as proposed protected area. Investigation aims were to know diversity of plants species that arranged home garden, used value of each plant species using ethnobotany indexes, and also to describe their methods of preparation and use of the significant plant. The study represents the first step to documenting significant utilitized of the species plant in home garden based on indigenous knowledge before it disappears. Data were collected by depth and semi structured interviews. Informations were about traditional uses of wild plants also cultivated ones. All the collected data were filled in a analytical table and for easier, data was grouped into ten categories, then continued with detailed of use. Data was calculated by using synthetic indexes, those are Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Cultural Importance Index (CI). One hundred and one plants were cited by the informants as being traditionally used in the area. These 100 ethnospecies belonging to 45 families. From 10 categories, most of them concerning allimentary, medical and economic plants. For the allimentary plants, 316 citation, 58 species and 5 different uses were recorded. While for the medical plants, there were 63 citations, 22 species and 4 different uses categories. A few plants species for others categories like erotion control. The study shows that traditional uses for plants especially at home garden still survives as part of the cultural heritage of the community, economic and also for daily activity.