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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta de um programa nutricional isento de aditivos melhoradores de desempenho comparado a um programa com uso de simbióticos, em situação de desafio entérico ou não, sobre a saúde intestinal e o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 864 pintos de corte, machos de 1 dia de idade, linhagem Cobb. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (2 dietas x 2 condições sanitárias), totalizando 4 dietas com 12 repetições de 18 aves por gaiola, totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. As dietas utilizadas foram dieta controle (Dieta A); dieta controle + simbiótico (Dieta B); dieta A + desafio entérico e dieta B + desafio entérico. Aos 14 dias de idade, foi aplicado o desafio entérico com vacina comercial para coccidiose (20 vezes a dose recomendada pelo fabricante) seguido da inoculação contendo Escherichia coli (ATCC® 8739™). O desafio entérico resultou em pior desempenho produtivo em todas as fases avaliadas, e alterou a morfometria da mucosa intestinal, cinco dias após o desafio. Aos 28 dias de idade, duas semanas após o desafio entérico, observou-se um processo de regeneração já em resolução. A suplementação das dietas com o simbiótico melhorou a conversão alimentar das aves aos 28 dias de idade, independentemente do desafio experimental. A suplementação com simbiótico resultou em maior força de ruptura, dureza e elasticidade da mucosa intestinal do jejuno das aves. Esses resultados evidenciam que é possível melhorar a produtividade com o uso alternativo de aditivos zootécnicos, mesmo em ambientes experimentais cujas variáveis são controladas e isentas de desafio que comprometa o bem-estar e a saúde animal.

The aim of this study was to develop a feeding protocol for the larviculture of Apistogramma cacatuoides, using the histological approach to larval nutrition conditions. For this, three experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 was carried out in a randomized design to determine the optimal amount of Artemia nauplii (AN) per larva, and three treatments were evaluated: P1—feeding with 25 A. nauplii per larva (AN/L) during the first 5 days, followed by 50 AN/L from the 6th to the 10th day and 100 AN/L from the 11th to the 20th day; P2 and P3—37 and 50 AN/L during the first 5 days, 75 and 100 AN/L from the 6th to the 10th day and 150 and 200 AN/L from the 11th to the 20th day. Experiment 2 was carried out in a randomized design to determine the daily frequency of feeding and evaluated four feeding frequencies: F1—feeding only once a day (09:00); (F2)—feeding twice a day (09:00 and 17:00); F3—feeding three times a day (09:00, 11:30 and 17:00); and F4—feeding four times a day (09:00, 11: 30, 14:00 and 17:00). Experiment 3 lasted 40 days and was conducted in a randomized design to evaluate three periods for the beginning of the feeding transition: WE10:AN for 10 days, followed by 3 days of co‐feeding and commercial feed until the end of the experimental period; WE15:AN for 15 days, followed by 3 days of co‐feeding and commercial feed; WE20:AN for 20 days, followed by 3 days of co‐feeding and commercial feed. The results of this study showed that, for the best development of the larvae, they should receive the feeding protocol 50−100−200 AN/L (P3) until the 20th day of exogenous feeding. From the 21st day, the transition to inert food should begin with 3 days of co‐feeding, and feeding during larviculture should be carried out at a frequency of twice a day; this protocol provided a good nutritional status for the larvae, as shown by the histological approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient safety is an important component of healthcare service quality, and there are numerous instruments in the literature that measure patient safety. This scoping reviewaims to map the instruments/scales for assessing patient safety in healthcare services. Method: This scoping review follows the JBI methodology. The protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework. Eligibility criteria were defined based on studies that include instruments or scales for assessing patient safety in healthcare services, in any language, and without temporal restrictions. It adhered to all scoping review checklist items [PRISMA-ScR], with searches in the Embase, Lilacs, MedLine, and Scopus databases, as well as the repository of the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. Two independent reviewers performed selection and data extraction in July 2023. Results: Of the 4019 potential titles, 63 studies reported on a total of 47 instruments/scales and 71 dimensions for patient safety assessment. The most-described dimensions were teamwork, professional satisfaction, safety climate, communication, and working conditions. Conclusion: The diversity of instruments and dimensions for patient safety assessment characterizes the multidimensionality and scope of patient safety. However, it hinders benchmarking between institutions and healthcare units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As global migration increases, nurse managers' effectiveness in multi-cultural nursing work environments is crucial due to the rising cultural diversity within healthcare teams. Despite the increasing international recruitment of qualified nurses to address the worldwide nursing shortage, no studies have synthesised the impact of nurse managers' attributes on nurses in multi-cultural nursing teams. Therefore, it was conducted a literature review aimed to synthesise the available literature on how nurse managers' personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles influence nurse outcomes in multi-cultural nursing teams. Methods: Scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to map the relationship or influence of nurse managers' personality traits, competencies, behaviours, and leadership styles on the outcomes of nurses in multi-cultural settings across various clinical environments. Searches were conducted across electronic databases such as CINAHL and MEDLINE, along with grey literature. Results: This review included 39 studies, highlighting 29 personality traits, 9 competencies, 115 behaviours, and 5 leadership styles that impact nurses' outcomes. Key findings emphasise the importance of nurse managers being supportive, culturally competent, and effective communicators, with transformational leadership style being particularly beneficial. Conclusions: These findings provide insights for planning and developing training programmes to equip current and future nurse managers with skills to effectively lead in multi-cultural care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work describes the challenges faced during the development of a countrywide Learning Analytics study and tool focused on tracking and understanding the trajectories of Uruguayan students during their first three years of secondary education. Due to the large scale of the project, which covers an entire national educational system, several challenges and constraints were faced during its conception and development. Examples of key challenges were: to understand the different nuances of the educational system, to satisfy ethical and legal requirements without narrowing down the scope and potential novelty of the initiative and to deal with integration and inconsistencies in the databases. This paper presents the design decisions and solutions found to address or mitigate the problems found as a contribution to facilitate similar large-scale projects. Three main experiments using data mining were conducted and their results are also described, pointing out the feasibility of finding meaningful patterns that can be used by educational authorities to improve their decision making and foster public educational policies. Finally, the paper describes the use of the data and the findings of the study to create an interactive visual tool to explore the relationship between student variables, performance and persistence in the system.

Purpose: To assess the quality of the available evidence on the effect of exercise for the improvement of lung function in healthy children and adolescents. Method: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies examining the effects of regular exercise on spirometric parameters of healthy children and adolescents aged ≤18 years. Results: Within the exercise groups, there were significant improvements in forced vital capacity (mean difference: 0.17 L; 95% confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.26; P <.05) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (mean difference: 0.14 L; 95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.22; P <.05). Results were consistent across different age groups and duration of interventions. In the between-group analysis, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, and peak expiratory flow were higher in the exercise group compared with the nonexercise group, but the differences did not reach statistical relevance. There was significant statistical heterogeneity between studies. Conclusion: Regular exercise has the potential to improve lung function parameters in healthy children and adolescents; however, the small number of studies and the heterogeneity between them raise concern about the quality of the currently available evidence. These findings bring to attention the need for well-designed trials addressing this important public health issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the effect of the combination of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) and phytase (PH) on the performance, intestinal integrity, and bone development of broilers. The experiment comprised 736 chicks distributed in a completely randomised design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (with and without the inclusion of SB and with the inclusion of PH at the recommended dose and superdosing) totalling four treatments and eight repetitions of 23 birds each. SB was added at 0.750 kg/tonne and PH was included at 750 phytase units (FTU)/kg and 1 500 FTU/kg of diet. The live weight (LW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FC) were evaluated weekly. Bone measurements of the tibia and femur, densitometry, length, the Seedor index, and diameter were performed at seven and 28 days. In the same ages, fragments of the jejunum and ileum segments were collected and subjected to a morphometry analysis. At seven days of age, the birds supplemented with the phytase superdosing showed a better FI and LW, and the microencapsulated SB in the diet showed a better LW and FC. In the period from one to 28 days, the treatment supplemented with SB provided a higher FI and LW. The SB supplementation resulted in greater bone measurements at seven and 28 days. The use of the superdosing phytase increased the villus length and width of the jejunum at seven days and at 28 days. There was an increase in the villus length, villus-to-crypt ratio, absorption area, and muscular layer of the jejunum and a decrease in the crypt width of the jejunum. The SB supplementation increased the ileum crypt width at seven days and there was no effect on any intestinal segment at 28 days. The supplementation of SB or PH 1 500 FTU/kg in the broiler diets' growth promoter or antibiotic-free resulted in a better performance and bone measurements, while the association of the additional PH 1 500 FTU/kg and SB supplementation resulted in the greater depth and width of the jejunum crypt and villus : ileum crypt at seven days and greater villus length and ileum absorption area at 28 days. The association of SB and PH may be a strategy to improve the performance and bone quality and intestinal integrity in broilers.

Os pacientes em cuidados paliativos procuram o pronto-socorro para alívio imediato da dor ou de outros sintomas físicos. Os profissionais que atuam em serviços de urgência são treinados para prestar cuidados focados no tratamento direcionado a doenças agudas, mas podem fornecer intervenções paliativas para gerenciar as exacerbações de doenças crônicas ou os cuidados próximos ao fim da vida. Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes em cuidados paliativos atendidos em serviço de urgência e emergência é imprescindível para implementação de medidas que melhorem a qualidade do atendimento deste grupo de pacientes e otimizem o serviço prestado. O objetivo do estudo é descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes em cuidados paliativos atendidos no pronto-socorro. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, observacional e retrospectivo, de pacientes adultos de ambos os sexos, em cuidados paliativos atendidos em uma unidade de pronto atendimento – UPA, num período de dez meses. O estudo teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Foram analisados 83 pacientes com média de idade de 78,5 (±14,3) anos. Houve predominância do sexo feminino (61,4%). A maioria era procedente do domicílio (87,9%). Havia a presença de cuidador em 91.57% dos casos, predominando o cuidador familiar não-remunerado (76,3%). Sobre atendimento prévio, 44,58% haviam procurado o pronto-socorro no último mês. Quanto à doença de base, 31,3% era oncológica e 68,6% não-oncológica. O câncer de próstata representou a principal causa oncológica (30,7%), seguido de neoplasia hepática e das vias biliares (15,4%). Nos casos não-oncológicos, foi mais frequente a síndrome de fragilidade (42,10%) e sequela grave de acidente vascular cerebral (17,5%). O principal sintoma foi a dispneia em 38 pacientes (45,7%). A dor e a dispneia foram mais frequentes nos casos oncológicos (34,6% e 23,0%, respectivamente), seguidos de dispneia e delirium nos casos não-oncológicos (56,1% e 28,0%, respectivamente). No presente estudo, predominou a faixa etária idosa em cuidados paliativos com cuidador presente com maior frequência de doença de base não-oncológica, dispneia, dor e delirium.

Background: Twenty years after the "To Err Is Human" report, one in ten patients still suffer harm in hospitals in high-income countries, highlighting the need to strengthen the culture of safety in healthcare. This scoping review aims to map patient safety culture strengthening strategies described in the literature. Method: This scoping review follows the JBI methodology. It adhered to all scoping review checklist items (PRISMA-ScR) with searches in the Lilacs, MedLine, IBECS, and PubMed databases and on the official websites of Brazilian and North American patient safety organizations. The research took place during the year 2023. Results: In total, 58 studies comprising 52 articles and 6 documents from health organizations were included. Various strategies were identified and grouped into seven categories based on similarity, highlighting the need for a comprehensive organizational approach to improve patient care. The most described strategies were communication (69%), followed by teamwork (58.6%) and active leadership (56.9%). Conclusion: The identified strategies can promote the development of a culture in which an organization can achieve patient safety, involving practices and attitudes that reduce risks and errors in healthcare. However, the identification of strategies is limited because it is restricted to certain databases and websites of international organizations and does not cover a broader spectrum of sources. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these strategies in improving patient safety culture has not yet been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar como os profissionais contábeis percebem e interpretam o uso de controle interno como ferramenta gerencial em Micro e Pequenas Empresas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo pesquisa de campo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionário de pesquisa para contadores do Estado de Pernambuco que atuam com MPEs, tendo sido recebidas 35 respostas, as quais foram tratadas por meio de estatística descritiva. Os dados obtidos indicam que na percepção dos contadores, o uso do Controle Interno nas Micro e Pequenas Empresas seja indispensável para aqueles que almejam uma ótima gestão dentro da organização independente do porte, pois o uso do mesmo auxilia a empresa em diversos aspectos, que colaboram para um bom desempenho no planejamento e gerenciamento de uma entidade. Ainda foi possível verificar e compreender que o profissional contábil possui o papel de grande importância na aplicação de Controle Interno nas Micro e Pequenas Empresas, pois com as ferramentas necessárias, o contador auxilia a gestão da organização para que sejam tomadas as melhores decisões, tendo assim, alcançado os objetivos almejados.

Cross-cultural validation of self-reported measurement instruments for research is a long and complex process, which involves specific risks of bias that could affect the research process and results. Furthermore, it requires researchers to have a wide range of technical knowledge about the translation, adaptation and pre-test aspects, their purposes and options, about the different psychometric properties, and the required evidence for their assessment and knowledge about the quantitative data processing and analysis using statistical software. This article aimed: 1) identify all guidelines and recommendations for translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation within the healthcare sciences; 2) describe the methodological approaches established in these guidelines for conducting translation, adaptation, and cross-cultural validation; and 3) provide a practical guideline featuring various methodological options for novice researchers involved in translating, adapting, and validating measurement instruments. Forty-two guidelines on translation, adaptation, or cross-cultural validation of measurement instruments were obtained from "CINAHL with Full Text" (via EBSCO) and "MEDLINE with Full Text". A content analysis was conducted to identify the similarities and differences in the methodological approaches recommended. Bases on these similarities and differences, we proposed an eight-step guideline that includes: a) forward translation; 2) synthesis of translations; 3) back translation; 4) harmonization; 5) pre-testing; 6) field testing; 7) psychometric validation, and 8) analysis of psychometric properties. It is a practical guideline because it provides extensive and comprehensive information on the methodological approaches available to researchers. This is the first methodological literature review carried out in the healthcare sciences regarding the methodological approaches recommended by existing guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Patients are the center and focus of care delivery, but frequently, their perceptions are overlooked. Patients are vital to promoting optimal oncology nursing care and should be considered in order to provide patient-centered holistic care. The Quality of Oncology Nursing Care Scale was translated and validated cross-culturally for the Portuguese context. In Portugal, there is no instrument that evaluates the quality of nursing care provided to cancer patients, so our study fills this major gap in the scientific evidence. This scale should be used by nurses, nurse managers, and researchers that strive to improve patient, nurse, and organizational outcomes. Background: Quality assessment in oncology nursing care has been a growing topic in the literature, gaining relevance as oncological nursing care becomes more complex as the science progresses. However, there are no instruments that assess the perception of the quality of oncology nursing care from the point of view of patients for the Portuguese population. Thus, the cross-cultural translation and validation of the Quality of Oncology Nursing Care Scale (QONCS) was performed for the Portuguese context. This instrument allows nurses to assess patients' self-perception of the quality of nursing care provided in an oncological setting. It also allows researchers to compare the results obtained internationally with the application of this scale. Methods: This is a methodological study, with two distinct phases: the first corresponded to the translation and cultural adaptation of the scale to the Portuguese context, and the second consisted of the psychometric validation of the QONCS, which included factor analysis and the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument. We obtained responses from 402 patients from a Portuguese oncology hospital. Results: The Portuguese version of the Quality of Oncology Nursing Care Scale (QONCS_PT) consists of 34 items inserted into a tetra-factorial model, which explains a total variance of the instrument of 69.8%. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.93 was obtained for the complete instrument. Conclusions: QONCS_PT has a competent and reliable structure. The scale's validity was assured and can be used in the Portuguese population, as it is useful for direct care provision but also for researchers and managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of Hypsolebias radiseriatus larvae to different salinities, and the effects of different prey concentrations and water salinities on the larviculture of this species. Salinity tolerance was tested by subjecting newly-hatched larvae to 96 hours of osmotic shock testing (experiment I) and gradual acclimatization (experiment II) of the following salinities: freshwater (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 g of salt L-1. A third experiment (experiment III) evaluated three water salinities (S0 - freshwater, S2 - 2 g of salt L-1 and S4 – 4 g of salt L-1) and three initial daily prey concentrations (100, 300 and 500 artemia nauplii larva-1). In experiments I and II, survival was only influenced by the salinity of 8 g of salt L-1 (p < 0.01). After 35 days, weight was only influenced by prey concentration (p < 0.05), with the highest value being with 500 artemia nauplii larva-1. The lowest survival was for 4 g of salt L-1 and for 100 artemia nauplii larva-1. H. radiseriatus larviculture can be carried out in salinity of up to 2 g of salt L-1 and initial daily prey concentrations with 500 artemia nauplii larva-1.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and water salinity on nitrification, water quality, bacterial load, and juvenile tilapia growth in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). The experimental period was divided into two phases. The first one lasted 20 days and evaluated the effects of salinity (0 and 2 g L-1) and UV (with or without) on water quality during the period of substrate colonization by nitrifying bacteria. In the second phase, after the storage of juvenile tilapia, the effects of the same experimental factors were evaluated on water quality, bacterial load, and fish growth performance. The RASs employed were efficient for ammonia removal, regardless of the treatments used. During the experimental period, the nitrite concentrations increased linearly, with a more pronounced increase after fish storage until 30 days of the experiment. There were no significant effects of UV, salinity, or the interaction of both on total ammonia, nitrite, and alkalinity. The low levels of salinity (2 g L-1) and UV did not affect the nitrification process and fish performance. The use of UV is efficient to reduce the bacterial load of recirculating aquaculture systems.

The aim of this review was to analyze the scientific evidence about nurses' well-being at work in the hospital context. Well-being is present in our daily experiences, whether in a personal or professional context. Nurses are frequently put under pressure and stressed at work, which can influence their well-being. Nurses' well-being at work in a hospital setting is crucial due to its relevance to occupational health, the quality of patient care, and the identification of stress and satisfaction factors. Methods: This systematic review followed the methodological guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The databases searched included CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and the Open Access Scientific Repositories of Portugal (RCAAP). The following inclusion criteria were defined: studies in Portuguese or English; with abstracts or full texts available; with a publication date from 2018 to 2022; and research containing the identified keywords in the title (TI) or abstract (AB). To organize and synthesize the data, we used a table to extract the significant information from each included study. Results: Eight studies were included, all of them emphasizing the assessment of well-being at work and the manager's intervention to promote this well-being. We found that most studies indicate that nurses are satisfied with their work. There are several factors that can influence this positive level of well-being at work, such as interaction with management, culture, and organizational commitment. It can be concluded that nurse managers have a decisive role in promoting well-being at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of temperature on food intake and time for digestion in larvae of Lophiosilurus alexandri. An experiment was performed with four constant temperatures (23°C, 26°C, 29°C, and 32°C), four ages (8, 13, 18, and 23 days post-hatching (DPH)) and eight sampling times (5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, and 300 minutes after feeding). The effect of temperature was more evident at 18 and 23 DPH. Due to the increase in age and temperature, there was a decrease in the time to reach the highest rate of digested nauplii. In addition, the larvae were estimated to ingest up to 0.30 ± 0.10 MJ/larva at 32°C in the first meal of the day. Temperatures of 29°C and 32°C provided the most satisfactory results for intake, digestion rate, and intake as percentage of live weight in one meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMOA larvicultura é uma das etapas mais críticas do desenvolvimento dos peixes e o seu sucesso está diretamente relacionado ao manejo alimentar, que pode proporcionar maiores sobrevivência e crescimento. Objetivou-se avaliar o tempo de transição alimentar e de fornecimento de meta-náuplios de Artemiaspp (MNA) na larvicultura do acará-bandeira. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Em cada experimento foram utilizados 540 peixes distribuídos em 20 aquários com 2 L. No primeiro experimento, avaliaram-se os períodos de transição alimentar (MNA + ração) por 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 dias. No segundo experimento, avaliou-se o período de fornecimento de MNA por 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 dias. Foram avaliados: ganho de peso, taxas de crescimento e desenvolvimento específico, sobrevivência e uniformidade do lote (apenas no experimento para avaliar o tempo de fornecimento de MNA). Não houve efeito significativo dos diferentes períodos de transição alimentar sobre as variáveis de crescimento (p>0,05), porém a sobrevivência foi maior (p