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Understanding how postural changes in alpine skiing affect the overall aerodynamic drag is highly important for enhancing performance. Although the arm configuration of the athlete can have a significant impact on the overall drag force, this effect is currently less understood. The purpose of this investigation was to examine how the arms of an alpine skier influence the overall drag. Experiments were performed in a wind tunnel for a male and female athlete, and computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed on 3D scans of the athletes. The influence of the arm configurations in three different scenarios are considered; low-tucked, high-tucked, and flight postures. Consistent trends are found for both athletes and between the experiments and simulations. In general, the arms were found to be highly influential of the overall drag, and hence also performance in alpine skiing. For the low-tucked posture, the maximum variation in total drag area depending upon the angle of the underarms is 2.8%, with the lowest drag found with a medium angle of 20$$^\circ $$ ∘ to 25$$^\circ $$ ∘ . For the high-tuck posture, the difference in drag area between a closed and open posture was found to be 17% to 21%. The flight postures showed the highest influence of arm configurations, with a maximum difference in drag area of 64% between the considered postures. These results contribute to the understanding of aerodynamics in alpine skiing, and could be implemented directly in the training of athletes to improve their aerodynamic performance.

Several key development areas have been identified as having high potential for reducing the levelized cost of energy of offshore wind. Two of the most anticipated developments are future generation large wind turbines and the use of floating foundations. There is thus a need for developing large floating substructures that are capable of hosting future generation wind turbines. This work presents the preliminary sizing of two semi-submersible platforms for supporting a 25 MW turbine through a design space search using a simplified parametric analysis. Compared to simple theoretical upscaling, the substructures resulting from the proposed simplified parametric analysis have significantly lower steel mass and stiffer tower.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the aerodynamics of tucked positions in competitive alpine skiing. To further our understanding of how a skier’s position affects the air flow and the resulting aerodynamic drag, a combination of both experimental and simulation methods was used. This study focused in particular on the effect of skier torso and thigh angles relative to the air flow direction, as these two angles have been previously found to be important determinants of aerodynamic performance in tucked positions. Two top 30 world-ranked skiers were investigated in two different wind tunnels, and the results were compared with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations performed using a 3D scan of one of the athlete. To quantify the effect of torso and thigh angles on skier drag, changes in drag were measured relative to baseline positions. Skier drag area increased by approximately 0.8 and 1.2% per degree increase in torso and thigh angles relative to the baseline position, respectively. This trend was consistent between both of the experimental wind tunnel tests as well as the CFD simulations, indicating good agreement between methods. The CFD simulations further indicated that the air flow about the lower legs made the largest contribution to skier drag, accounting for as much as 40–50% of the total drag area in low tuck positions. Based on these findings, a low tuck position where the torso angle approaches 0° and the knees help to fill the gap behind the armpits will minimize skier aerodynamic drag. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The surfing performance of two shortboard fin types with surface features were compared to a standard (control) fin with a smooth surface using dynamic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The fins with surface features included designs with a partially grooved and serrated surface (CR), and humpback whale-inspired fins with tubercles and other features (RW). Surfboard roll, pitch and yaw during cutback maneuvers were simulated based on field data from surfers of intermediate, expert and professional (WCT) skill level surfing on ocean waves. Sustained resultant forces relative to the rider direction were significantly different between fin types, and lowest for RW at WCT-level rotations. CFD results also revealed RW’s ability to dampen effects of turbulent flow. RW fins were always the last to stall during a turn, and always exhibited the most gradual stall. CR fins had significantly lower pre-turn drag, and the highest mean resultant forces during the turn. Overall, CR fins appear best for forward acceleration and hold on the wave, while RW fins appear best for maneuverability and stability.

In professional cycling, even small adjustments in position could mean that valuable seconds are gained over the course of a time-trial race. This study investigates the influence of arm position on the aerodynamic drag of a cyclist. Based on a 3D scanned model of a professional cyclist, 64 alternate positions are generated. The parameters that are investigated are the distance between elbows, elbow extension, and distance between hands. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of all positions are performed, and a regression model is built from the results. The results indicate that the optimal posture is achieved for a minimum in all investigated parameters, which means that the hands and elbows should be kept together with hands up towards the face. Furthermore, elbow extension seems to be the most crucial parameter, followed by the distance between elbows, and then by the distance between the hands. The presented methodology can be applied to study other parameters relevant to cycling aerodynamics or be applied to other sport activities as well.

The present paper aims to reproduce an extreme event extracted from an experimental time series relative to 2D long crested irregular waves. The experimental values are relative to the wave tank experiments at 1:80 scale, carried out on a stiff monopile within the Waveloads project. The monopile, modeled as a cylinder of constant diameter, is placed on a 1:25 slope and irregular waves are generated at the inlet with a mechanical paddle. In order to reproduce the time series and the consequent loads on the structure, a reconstruction of the wave elevation using a super position of 1st order components is done, the components are then imported to the aero-servo-elastic code 3Dfloat and the wave kinematics at the inlet for the computation fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are obtained using 1st order formulation. Successively, the kinematics are imported as boundary conditions into the CFD commercial code STAR-CCM+. The free surface is modelled with the volume of fluid formulation and the k-ω turbulence model with the Menter formulation is used. In the experiments, a monopile of 0.75cm diameter (6m in full scale) is placed a distance of 7.75m (600m in full scale) from the inlet. The water depth at the model is 0.26cm (20m in full scale). Two different wave events of 25s extracted from two different time series are reproduced and compared with the experiments. The simulated wave elevation is measured at different locations and compared with the experiments. Good agreement between the simulations and the experiments is found.

The aero-servo-hydro-elastic Finite-Element-Method code 3DFloat is tailored for nonlinear, coupled time-domain simulations of offshore structures in general and offshore wind turbines in particular. This article describes the theory behind the structural model, aerodynamic and hydrodynamic load modules, control system and coupling with an optimizer. The verification and validation history includes the IEA OC3/OC4/OC5 projects, two wave tank tests and participation in commercial projects. Current development examples include implementation of advanced hydrodynamics in the DIMSELO project, implementation of soil/structure interaction super-elements in the REDWIN project, and optimization of large rotors with sweep in an industry project.

The impact of flow-normal ribs and small-scale surface roughness on the drag and vortex shedding of a circular cylinder was investigated. Three rib heights, four relative rib spacings and three different forms of microroughness were combined to produce 28 unique surface coatings for the cylinder. The drag was measured in a wind tunnel for Reynolds numbers in the range 20; 000 < Re < 160; 000, representing nearly a decade change centred about the drag crisis. The drag measurements were complemented by hot-wire measurements in the wake to investigate the vortex shedding frequency. The results show significant average drag reduction, up to 23%, for most of the ribbed geometries compared to a smooth cylinder for Re < 160; 000. Increasing the rib height was found to reduce the critical Reynolds number and increase the minimum drag coefficient. Varying the rib spacing resulted in an ‘‘optimal” spacing, approximately five times the rib height, that caused the lowest critical Reynolds number. Increasing the micro-roughness resulted in a reduction in the critical Reynolds number and an increase in the minimum drag coefficient. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

The present paper aims to show the potential of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers for surfboard design and its applicability by comparing three different surfboards with minimal changes in design. In fact, surfboard manufacturing routines are moving towards more controlled and reproducible manufacturing processes, in particular Computer numerically controlled (CNC) shaping techniques. As a consequence, three dimensional (3D) computer models of the boards start to be available, and can be imported in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) programs. This opens up a new design methodology, where the performances of the different shapes can be studied and quantitatively evaluated, highlighting details that would be otherwise impossible to identify from a field test. The commercial CFD code STAR-CCM+ is used in the present work to compare the performance of three different surfboards, with different curvature at the bottom and different tail shapes. In the simulations, an Unsteady Reynolds Navier Stokes (URANS) approach is used, with the volume of fluid (VOF) method as free surface discretization method and the k-omega-SST turbulence model as numerical closure of the RANS equations. CFD proved to be a valid tool to compare the performances of the different shapes, bringing into light subtle but important differences between the designs. In particular, the static simulations showed that the rocker affects the performances by increasing the lift but also the drag of the board, also generating higher forces in maneuvering conditions. On the other hand, the tail shape did not affect the performances of the board in the analyzed cases.

For an accurate prediction of the complex flow conditions in wind farms, model scale wake flow measurements represent important references in well-defined boundary conditions. State-of-the art flow measurement techniques are often time-expensive and require elaborate post-processing to assess the data quality. In this wind tunnel study we demonstrate the advantages of the real-time-response system Probe Capture (ProCap) for measurements of a complex three-dimensional wind turbine wake flow. The complex wake flow behind a yawed model wind turbine is measured with both a Laser-Doppler Anemometer (LDA) and the ProCap system. Both the streamwise and vertical flow component show an accurate agreement with the LDA reference experiment for various measured downstream distances and turbine yaw angles. Areas of strong rotation in the wake flow are accurately resolved by the ProCap measurement system confirming its applicability for wind turbine wake measurement. The system appears to greatly facilitate and speed up larger wake surveys by a factor of 30 and thus has the potential to enhance the understanding of the complex flow topology in wind turbine wakes., Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1104 (1), ISSN:1742-6588, ISSN:1742-6596

The present work describes and compares previous results in the field of garment aerodynamics combined with not published results coming from recent experiments conducted at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). A number of factors resulting from the combination of the athlete's motion and posture, garment and aerodynamics are analyzed and their effect on the overall drag of the athlete is presented. Textiles with different patterns have been proven to be able to reduce the overall drag of the athletes.

This investigation was designed to (a) develop an individualized mechanical model for measuring aerodynamic drag (Fd) while ski racing through multiple gates, (b) estimate energy dissipation (Ed) caused by Fd and compare this to the total energy loss (Et), and (c) investigate the relative contribution of Ed/Et to performance during giant slalom skiing (GS). Nine elite skiers were monitored in different positions and with different wind velocities in a wind tunnel, as well as during GS and straight downhill skiing employing a Global Navigation Satellite System. On the basis of the wind tunnel measurements, a linear regression model of drag coefficient multiplied by cross-sectional area as a function of shoulder height was established for each skier (r > 0.94, all P < 0.001). Skiing velocity, Fd, Et, and Ed per GS turn were 15–21 m/s, 20–60 N, −11 to −5 kJ, and −2.3 to −0.5 kJ, respectively. Ed/Et ranged from ∼5% to 28% and the relationship between Et/vin and Ed was r = −0.12 (all NS). In conclusion, (a) Fd during alpine skiing was calculated by mechanical modeling, (b) Ed made a relatively small contribution to Et, and (c) higher relative Ed was correlated to better performance in elite GS skiers, suggesting that reducing ski–snow friction can improve this performance.

The present work aims to investigate possible improvements in cross country ski suits from an aerodynamic perspective with the main goal of evaluating if air permeability plays a significant role in the aerodynamic performances of the textiles. Three different fabrics with different surface pattern and different permeability were tested in a wind tunnel on cylinders with diameter 11 cm and 16 cm, for speeds ranging from 0 - 18m/s and with fabric strains from 0 - 65%. Air permeability tests were also carried out on all the different textiles for the same range of strains. Results show that significant drop in the drag coefficient can been obtained for critical wind speed (VCRIT) varying between 11m/s and 17m/s depending on textile type and stretch. A clear correlation between air permeability and drag crisis was not found leading to the conclusion that the surface deformation due to the stretching plays a major role if compared with the air permeability. The results obtained show that the lowest VCRIT(11 m/s) achieved in the experiments is above the relevant speeds in cross country skiing (4 - 9 m/s).

The aerodynamic drag force acting on a circular cylinder clad with knitted wool and polyester textiles has been investigated in wind tunnel experiments in this study. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was utilized to determine the flow field, both around the separation point and a wake profile in the close wake. The drag forces and the characteristic CD curves were determined over a range of Reynolds numbers expected to contain flow transition, for a number of knitted textiles having different surface roughness characteristics. The effects of knitting parameters and type of yarn on the flow field were investigated. The parameters of interest to be examined were critical Reynolds number, separation point, growth of the wake and wake profile. The wool and polyester textiles examined showed dissimilar effects on the flow field. Both were clearly adding surface roughness, and hence tripping transition to turbulence at a lower Reynolds number than for the smooth cylinder. The wool textile did however turn out be a more effective turbulence trigger than expected.

In sports where high speed is reached and drag is the main force acting on the athlete's body, the posture highly influences the total drag. In speed skating, due to the fact that the total drag is proportional to the frontal area, the athletes minimize their frontal area keeping the trunk parallel to the air flow. In this study it is shown that the aerodynamic resistance acting on the legs counts up to 1/3 of the total drag. In order to reduce the drag, rough textiles with different patterns have been used in sport suits. However, a certain number of parameters need to be considered in order to optimize the aerodynamic performance of a textile. These parameters are: speed, diameter of the leg, yaw angle, distance between the legs and roughness of the textile. This study shows a quantitative effect of the different parameters on the aerodynamic performances of textiles. Tests have been carried out on cylinder models and c D -speed curves for each case have been acquired. The contemporary effect of roughne...

DIMSELO is a Competence Building for Industry project (KPN), granted by the Norwegian Research Council under the ENERGIX program, which ran from 2013 to 2017. The project's objective was to quantify the consequences of using advanced sea loads modeling in integrated simulations of offshore wind turbines in shallow to intermediate waters. During the project, engineering hydrodynamics load and wave kinematics models of increasing complexity and fidelity were chosen from the literature and implemented. The effect of different model combinations on the substructure loads was was tested for three reference turbines: a DTU 10 MW rotor positioned on a monopile at a water depth of h = 25 m, on a second monopile at h = 35 m and on a jacket, also at h = 35 m. In this paper, the fatigue loads in a production case for the h = 25 m monopile was calculated via three different load models: the well-known Morison model, the Rainey nonlinear force model and the McCamy-Fuchs linear diffraction model. The models were coupled to kinematics coming both from linear irregular waves and second order irregular waves. The comparison showed that using the McCamy-Fuchs diffraction theory reduced the predicted fatigue damage by 15% with respect to a base case where the Morison load model was used. Nonlinear wave kinematics and nonlinear force models influenced the force calculations but did not alter the total fatigue damage, since the load cases with high wave steepness were less likely to happen. Content from this work may be used under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

The scope of this article is to find out what are the differences between four modern soccer balls and find out how these differences influences the flight path of the ball in a free kick. Experiments have been carried out in static and spinning conditions and drag and side forces have been acquired. The results from the wind tunnel experiments have been implemented in a Matlab routine and a free kick simulation using the different balls has been made. The effect of the different balls on the flight path has been calculated. Major differences between the different soccer balls have been found.

In this paper, the double layer concept of knitted fabrics suitable for performance sportswear, where each layer is separate from the other, was studied. Aerodynamic properties of this assembly, where the base layer is made of 100% wool and an external layer made of 100% filament polyester were determined. Fabric samples were placed over a single diameter cylinder to imitate the human leg. The aerodynamic resistance was acquired at different speeds relevant to high speed winter sports. Evaluation of comfort properties (liquid moisture transport in multi-dimensions) of each layer as well as a double layer was performed and the liquid moisture management capacity of the assembly was classified. Results from the aerodynamic tests demonstrated that the base layer influences the aerodynamic characteristics of the entire assembly. Correlations between the geometrical parameters of double layer assembly and comfort and aerodynamic properties were established.

Wind tunnel testing has been carried out on nine-knitted single jersey fabrics (100% polyester) using cylinder and leg models to determine its aerodynamic behaviour over a range of speeds (20–80 km/h) representative of sports activities. Strong correlation between fabric manufacturing (cover factor) and fabric roughness and aerodynamic parameters has been established. Similar aerodynamic behaviour of fabrics was observed when tested on the cylinder model and on the leg model.

The present work intends to validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to subsonic wind tunnel experiments. The models tested in the wind tunnel at NTNU (a mannequin and real cyclist in static position) were scanned using a 3D scanner consisting 48 single-lens reflex cameras surrounding the object in three heights (low/ground-midi-above). The simulations were obtained using the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes solver STARCCM+ from CD-Adapco. A hybrid meshing technique was used in order to discretize both surface and volume. Polyhedral cells were used on the model surface and in the near volume while a structured grid was used in the rest of the domain. An unsteady RANS approach was used and the turbulence was modeled using the Menter implementation of the k-ω model. The boundary layer was fully resolved and no wall functions were used and. The first part of the paper aims to validate the numerical model. In the second part CFD simulations were used to analyse the aerodynamic properties of two drafting cyclists varying the distance between them from 1 to 4 m with 1 m increments. A good overall agreement between the simulations and the experiments was found proving the value of CFD as a complementary tool to conventional wind tunnel testing.

This paper summarizes the findings from Phase Ib of the Offshore Code Comparison, Collaboration, Continued with Correlation (OC5) project. OC5 is a project run under the International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Research Task 30, and is focused on validating the tools used for modelling offshore wind systems through the comparison of simulated responses of select offshore wind systems (and components) to physical test data. For Phase Ib of the project, simulated hydrodynamic loads on a flexible cylinder fixed to a sloped bed were validated against test measurements made in the shallow water basin at the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) with support from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The first phase of OC5 examined two simple cylinder structures (Phase Ia and Ib) to focus on validation of hydrodynamic models used in the various tools before moving on to more complex offshore wind systems and the associated coupled physics. Verification and validation activities such as these lead to improvement of offshore wind modelling tools, which will enable the development of more innovative and cost-effective offshore wind designs. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

The present paper aims to simulate and reproduce the experiments on a imbalanced rotor with one blade off pitched by 20degees carried out within the IEA task 29 Mexnext Phase III. Models of increasing complexity were used (Blade Element Method simulation (BEM) lifting line with free vortex wake (FVW) and URANS CFD) and the results were compared. The rotor has a diameter of 4.5m and three different load cases corresponding to a tip speed ratio of 5.24, 7.6 and11.2 were chosen from the test matrix performed during the experiments. The rotor speed was kept constant at 324.9RPM. BEM and FVW simulations were performed using the Aero Module tool developed by ECN that offers both an advanced BEM formulation and a FVW formulation named AWSM. The commercial solver STARCCM+ was for the CFD simulations and an Unsteady RANS approach with the k-ra SST turbulence model was chosen. Loads recorded with strain gauges during the experiments and pressures on the equipped blades were compared with results from the numerical simulations. The comparison provided good agreement in the low tip speed ratio cases while differences were more noticeable for the highest tip speed ration load case.

Based on the results of several different experiments, it has been concluded that the weight of a ski jumper is crucial in performing a long ski jump. In response to this conclusion, many of the best ski jumpers in the world began dieting to reduce their weight, resulting in many underweight athletes and some incidents of anorexia. In order to deal with this problem the International Ski Federation (FIS) introduced a new rule where the ski length is determined by both the jumper’s height and weight. An athlete with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of less than 20 must reduce the length of his or her skis.

Introduction Drag in cycling counts for as much as 90% of total resistance opposing motion in a normal time-trial course. A small gain in term of drag reduction can, over a longer time-span (30 – 60 minutes) give a large advantage to the cyclists in terms of power output saved or velocity gained. The aim of present study was to aerodynamically optimize the cycling posture for each cyclist and thereby improve the athletes’ performances. We also wanted to quantify the power output saving, velocity gains and energy savings of this optimization.

Performances analysis in sports is complex since many factors linked together contribute to the final result thus a quantification of the effects of different suits on speed skating performances just with field measurements is a difficult task. In fact, field measurements and competition results do not clearly show the effect of using different suits. Industries and Olympic committees have then been pushed to increase the number of laboratory tests on materials, apparels and equipments in order quantify the effects of different textiles on skating suits. In some sports like cycling and speed skating the speed is entirely determined by the equivalence between external power and the power lost both by frictional losses and in order to increase the speed ((Di Prampero et al 1979a) and (Ingen-Schenau 1982)). Forces acting against the athlete and power dissipated are related with the equation: $$ P = FV $$ (1) where F is Force and V is velocity. Drag, in these sports, is the most important among the frictional losses. In cycling and speed skating, when the athlete reach a constant speed, D is about 80% of the total force while the frictional force is only about 20%. Drag acting on the athletes has been often represented as: $$ D = \frac{1} {2}A_p C_p \rho V^2 = KV^2 $$ (2) K has been considered as constant both in cycling (Di Prampero et al. 1979b), and speed skating (Di Prampero et al 1979a).

The aerodynamic properties of 15 knitted fabrics of varying cover factor, yarn, and fiber compositions were investigated for their aerodynamic properties on circular cylinders in a wind tunnel. Measurements of the drag force, pressure distribution, and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique were used in order to obtain a better understanding of the effects of yarn, fiber composition, cover factor, and elastic deformation on the flow field and drag coefficient. It was clearly demonstrated from the drag force measurements that the yarn construction and fiber composition have a substantial effect on the drag coefficient (CD), with fabrics composed of spun yarn experiencing no CD-drop as opposed to those composed of filament yarn, and being almost unaffected by the cover factor in the range of Reynolds numbers investigated. Hairiness of the spun yarn was found to minimise the drag-reducing effect of the boundary layer transition and increase the trans-critical drag. The hairy surface layer also appeared to retard the turbulent boundary layer as almost no pressure recovery was observed prior to separation on the cylinder model. The effect of elastic deformation was investigated by image analysis of scanned textile samples, and demonstrated that surface roughness might not be directly correlated to cover factor when the fabrics are stretched. Different elastic behavior of fabrics with different cover factors was also found to affect the structure of the knit surface and thus their aerodynamic behavior. The onset of drag crisis found in drag measurements confirmed the deviation from a sequence determined solely by cover factor.

Sports compression garments (SCG) have been used by athletes for years as means of enhancement of their performance and speed of recovery. In this research, the investigation into the effects the physical attributes of suitable materials and their composition and orientation in SCG have upon the amount and distribution of pressure generated to the underlying body was undertaken. Two different knitted fabrics suitable for compression sport garment with different physical properties and elastic performance attributes were chosen. Experimental fabric sleeves were assembled, so that they provided different fabric strains around the circumference of the different diameter of cylinders they were placed on. The pressure generated by sleeves was measured using Salzmann pressure-measuring device MST MK IV and Salzmann MST 2007 software. It was determined that different material composition of fabric assemblies influenced the pressure delivery of garment. However no clear relationship between the fabric percentage in assembly composition and the generated pressure was established.

In a ski cross competition, a group of four skiers take simultaneously part of the race and attempt to reach the end of the course. The first two to cross the finish line will advance to the next round. It is then not a timed racing event like the other ski competitions. Since it has been proved that low drag apparels have a major role in sports where high speeds are involved and speeds in ski cross can vary from 50 km/h to 100 km/h (depending on the track), a low drag suit could give an advantage to the athletes. Knowing that it is possible to design suits which are capable to shift the transition from laminar to turbulent regime (giving a great advantage in terms of drag reduction) it has been chosen to use different textiles with different roughness in different parts of the body to minimize the aerodynamic drag. A final suit with a drag reduction of 10% has been designed.

The present work aims to prove the efficiency of the finite volume TAU-DLR software for CFD (computational fluid dynamics) calculations on small wind turbines rotors. CFD simulations were carried out on the NTNU wind turbine rotor and the computational results were compared with experiments. Three different tip speed ratios λ (where λ is the ratio between the local flow velocity at the tip and the incoming flow speed) corresponding to different operational conditions have been simulated and analyzed. λ = 6: Design conditions. In this case the blades were designed to produce a nearly constant pressure drop across the rotor. λ = 3: The turbine is here operating in fully stalled conditions. λ = 10: the power produced is roughly the same as for λ = 3, but the thrust coefficients are significantly different. In this case the internal part of the turbine operates as a propeller. Results relative to rotor loads, power production and thrust force show good agreement with the experiments and the results from the near wake computations are in partial agreement with the experiments, proving the TAU-DLR code to be a suitable tool for CFD calculations on wind turbine rotors.