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1. Successful Versus Failed Transition From Controlled Ventilation to Pressure Support Ventilation in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author: Melisa Polo Friz, MD, Emanuele Rezoagli, MD, Bijan Safaee Fakhr, MD, Gaetano Florio, MD, Eleonora Carlesso, MS, Riccardo Giudici, MD, Clarissa Forlini, MD, Francesca Tardini, MD, Thomas Langer, MD, Matteo Laratta, MD, Giampaolo Casella, MD, Andrea Forastieri Molinari, MD, Alessandro Protti, MD, Maurizio Cecconi, MD, Luca Cabrini, MD, Emanuela Biagioni, MD, Angela Berselli, MD, Lucia Mirabella, MD, Tommaso Tonetti, MD, Edoardo De Robertis, MD, Domenico Luca Grieco, MD, Massimo Antonelli, MD, Giuseppe Citerio, MD, Roberto Fumagalli, MD, Giuseppe Foti, MD, Alberto Zanella, MD, Giacomo Grasselli, MD, Giacomo Bellani, MD, for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network, Amedeo Guzzardella, Luigi Vivona, Vittorio Scaravilli, Sebastiano Colombo, Alessio Cacioppola, Matteo Brioni, Clarissa Forlini, Francesca Tardini, Thomas Langer, Matteo Laratta, Giampaolo Casella, Maria Marsili, Serena Stropeni, Valentina Cordolcini, Francesco Crimella, Alessandro Santini, Massimiliano Greco, Michele Ferrari, Giacomo Iapichino, Paolo Severgnini, Davide Maraggia, Dario Gasberti, Alessandro Motta, Irene Coloretti, Stefano Busani, Martina Tosi, Ilenia Gatto, Carlo Montalto, Alberto Biondo, Ziad Algamain, Valentina Alaimo, Livio Tullo, Francesco Paolo Padovano, Giacinto Pizzilli, Irene Cavalli, Rachele Simonte, Davide Valeri, Gennaro DePascale, Simone Carelli, Valentina Noseda, Giacomo Cimicchi, Gaia Ottonello, Rossano Ghedin, Francesco Giacalone, Tiziana Bove, Francesco Meroi, Sara Scapol, Laura Pistidda, Angela Muretti, Savino Spadaro, Gaetano Scaramuzzo, Gioconda Ferraro, Giuseppe Gagliardi, Giovanni Sabbatini, Angelo Pezzi, Gabriele Sales, Giorgia Montrucchio, Andrea Carsetti, Federico Longhini, Maria Vargas, Plinio Calligaro, Ilaria Mariani, Vanessa Zambelli, Beatrice Noè, and Filippo Serra
Subjects: Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: OBJECTIVES:. In patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure, controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) is often necessary during the acute phases of the disease. Weaning from CMV to pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a key objective when the patient’s respiratory functions improve. Limited evidence exists regarding the factors predicting a successful transition to PSV and its impact on patient outcomes. DESIGN:. Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING:. Twenty-four Italian ICUs from February 2020 to May 2020. PATIENTS:. Mechanically ventilated ICU patients with COVID-19-induced respiratory failure. INTERVENTION:. The transition period from CMV to PSV was evaluated. We defined it as “failure of assisted breathing” if the patient returned to CMV within the first 72 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. Of 1260 ICU patients screened, 514 were included. Three hundred fifty-seven patients successfully made the transition to PSV, while 157 failed. Pao2/Fio2 ratio before the transition emerged as an independent predictor of a successful shift (odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99–1.00; p = 0.003). Patients in the success group displayed a better trend in Pao2/Fio2, Paco2, plateau and peak pressure, and pH level. Subjects in the failure group exhibited higher ICU mortality (hazard ratio 2.08; 95% CI, 1.42–3.06; p < 0.001), an extended ICU length of stay (successful vs. failure 21 ± 14 vs. 27 ± 17 d; p < 0.001) and a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (19 ± 18 vs. 24 ± 17 d, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS:. Our study emphasizes that the Pao2/Fio2 ratio was the sole independent factor associated with a failed transition from CMV to PSV. The unsuccessful transition was associated with worse outcomes.
Published: 2024
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2. Effects on health-related quality of life of interventions affecting survival in critically ill patients: a systematic review

Author: Ottavia Pallanch, Alessandro Ortalda, Paolo Pelosi, Nicola Latronico, Chiara Sartini, Gaetano Lombardi, Cristiano Marchetti, Nicolò Maimeri, Alberto Zangrillo, and Luca Cabrini
Subjects: Critical care, Critical illness, Quality of life, Patient-important outcomes, Long-term outcomes, Mortality, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Survival has been considered the cornerstone for clinical outcome evaluation in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). There is evidence that ICU survivors commonly show impairments in long-term outcomes such as quality of life (QoL) considering them as the most relevant ones. In the last years, the concept of patient-important outcomes has been introduced and increasingly reported in peer-reviewed publications. In the present systematic review, we evaluated how many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted on critically ill patients and reporting a benefit on survival reported also data on QoL. All RCTs investigating nonsurgical interventions that significantly reduced mortality in critically ill patients were searched on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Embase from inception until August 2021. In a second stage, for all the included studies, the outcome QoL was investigated. The primary outcome was to evaluate how many RCTs analyzing interventions reducing mortality reported also data on QoL. The secondary endpoint was to investigate if QoL resulted improved, worsened or not modified. Data on QoL were reported as evaluated outcome in 7 of the 239 studies (2.9%). The tools to evaluate QoL and QoL time points were heterogeneous. Four interventions showed a significant impact on QoL: Two interventions improved survival and QoL (pravastatin in subarachnoid hemorrhage, dexmedetomidine in elderly patients after noncardiac surgery), while two interventions reduced mortality but negatively influenced QoL (caloric restriction in patients with refeeding syndrome and systematic ICU admission in elderly patients). In conclusion, only a minority of RCTs in which an intervention demonstrated to affect mortality in critically ill patients reported also data on QoL. Future research in critical care should include patient-important outcomes like QoL besides mortality. Data on this topic should be collected in conformity with PROs statement and core outcome sets to guarantee quality and comparability of results.
Published: 2022
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3. Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on severe trauma trends and healthcare system reassessment in Lombardia, Italy: an analysis from the regional trauma registry

Author: Riccardo Giudici, Armando Lancioni, Hedwige Gay, Gabriele Bassi, Osvaldo Chiara, Claudio Mare, Nicola Latronico, Antonio Pesenti, Roberto Faccincani, Luca Cabrini, Roberto Fumagalli, Arturo Chieregato, Laura Briani, Fabrizio Sammartano, Giuseppe Sechi, Alberto Zoli, Andrea Pagliosa, Giuseppe Foti, Erika Borotto, Alessandra Palo, Oliviero Valoti, Marco Botteri, Michele Carlucci, Elisa Reitano, and Roberto Bini
Subjects: Trauma, Emergency, COVID-19, Trauma care, Surgery, RD1-811, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Backgrounds The COVID-19 pandemic drastically strained the health systems worldwide, obligating the reassessment of how healthcare is delivered. In Lombardia, Italy, a Regional Emergency Committee (REC) was established and the regional health system reorganized, with only three hospitals designated as hubs for trauma care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this reorganization of regional care, comparing the distribution of patients before and during the COVID-19 outbreak and to describe changes in the epidemiology of severe trauma among the two periods. Methods A cohort study was conducted using retrospectively collected data from the Regional Trauma Registry of Lombardia (LTR). We compared the data of trauma patients admitted to three hub hospitals before the COVID-19 outbreak (September 1 to November 19, 2019) with those recorded during the pandemic (February 21 to May 10, 2020) in the same hospitals. Demographic data, level of pre-hospital care (Advanced Life Support-ALS, Basic Life Support-BLS), type of transportation, mechanism of injury (MOI), abbreviated injury score (AIS, 1998 version), injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), and ICU admission and survival outcome of all the patients admitted to the three trauma centers designed as hubs, were reviewed. Screening for COVID-19 was performed with nasopharyngeal swabs, chest ultrasound, and/or computed tomography. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, trauma patients admitted to the hubs increased (46.4% vs 28.3%, p < 0.001) with an increase in pre-hospital time (71.8 vs 61.3 min, p < 0.01), while observed in hospital mortality was unaffected. TRISS, ISS, AIS, and ICU admission were similar in both periods. During the COVID-19 outbreak, we observed substantial changes in MOI of severe trauma patients admitted to three hubs, with increases of unintentional (31.9% vs 18.5%, p < 0.05) and intentional falls (8.4% vs 1.2%, p < 0.05), whereas the pandemic restrictions reduced road- related injuries (35.6% vs 60%, p < 0.05). Deaths on scene were significantly increased (17.7% vs 6.8%, p < 0.001). Conclusions The COVID-19 outbreak affected the epidemiology of severe trauma patients. An increase in trauma patient admissions to a few designated facilities with high level of care obtained satisfactory results, while COVID-19 patients overwhelmed resources of most other hospitals.
Published: 2021
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4. Prone position in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a multi-centric study of more than 1000 patients

Author: Thomas Langer, Matteo Brioni, Amedeo Guzzardella, Eleonora Carlesso, Luca Cabrini, Gianpaolo Castelli, Francesca Dalla Corte, Edoardo De Robertis, Martina Favarato, Andrea Forastieri, Clarissa Forlini, Massimo Girardis, Domenico Luca Grieco, Lucia Mirabella, Valentina Noseda, Paola Previtali, Alessandro Protti, Roberto Rona, Francesca Tardini, Tommaso Tonetti, Fabio Zannoni, Massimo Antonelli, Giuseppe Foti, Marco Ranieri, Antonio Pesenti, Roberto Fumagalli, Giacomo Grasselli, and PRONA-COVID Group
Subjects: COVID-19, Mechanical ventilation, Prone positioning, Refractory hypoxemia, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Background Limited data are available on the use of prone position in intubated, invasively ventilated patients with Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Aim of this study is to investigate the use and effect of prone position in this population during the first 2020 pandemic wave. Methods Retrospective, multicentre, national cohort study conducted between February 24 and June 14, 2020, in 24 Italian Intensive Care Units (ICU) on adult patients needing invasive mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure caused by COVID-19. Clinical data were collected on the day of ICU admission. Information regarding the use of prone position was collected daily. Follow-up for patient outcomes was performed on July 15, 2020. The respiratory effects of the first prone position were studied in a subset of 78 patients. Patients were classified as Oxygen Responders if the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased ≥ 20 mmHg during prone position and as Carbon Dioxide Responders if the ventilatory ratio was reduced during prone position. Results Of 1057 included patients, mild, moderate and severe ARDS was present in 15, 50 and 35% of patients, respectively, and had a resulting mortality of 25, 33 and 41%. Prone position was applied in 61% of the patients. Patients placed prone had a more severe disease and died significantly more (45% vs. 33%, p
Published: 2021
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5. Videolaryngoscopy in critically ill patients

Author: Samir Jaber, Audrey De Jong, Paolo Pelosi, Luca Cabrini, Jean Reignier, and Jean Baptiste Lascarrou
Subjects: Videolaryngoscopy, Direct laryngoscopy, Tracheal intubation, Critically ill, Emergency department, Intensive care unit, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Intubation is frequently required for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) but is associated with high morbidity and mortality mainly in emergency procedures and in the presence of severe organ failures. Improving the intubation procedure is a major goal for all ICU physicians worldwide, and videolaryngoscopy may play a relevant role. Videolaryngoscopes are a heterogeneous entity, including Macintosh blade-shaped optical laryngoscopes, anatomically shaped blade without a tube guide and anatomically shaped blade with a tube guide, which might have theoretical benefits and pitfalls. Videolaryngoscope/videolaryngoscopy improves glottis view and allows supervision by an expert during the intubation process; however, randomized controlled trials in the ICU suggest that the systematic use of videolaryngoscopes for every intubation cannot yet be recommended, especially in non-expert hands. Nevertheless, a videolaryngoscope should be available in all ICUs as a powerful tool to rescue difficult intubation or unsuccessful first-pass laryngoscopy, especially in expert hands. The use of associated devices such as bougie or stylet, glottis view needed (full vs incomplete) and patient position during intubation (ramped, sniffed position) should be further evaluated. Future trials will better define the role of videolaryngoscopy in ICU.
Published: 2019
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6. Tracheal intubation in critically ill patients: a comprehensive systematic review of randomized trials

Author: Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Martina Baiardo Radaelli, Omar Saleh, Carmine D. Votta, Evgeny Fominskiy, Alessandro Putzu, Cézar Daniel Snak de Souza, Massimo Antonelli, Rinaldo Bellomo, Paolo Pelosi, and Alberto Zangrillo
Subjects: Tracheal intubation, Critically ill, Emergency department, Intensive care unit, Videolaryngoscopy, High flow nasal cannula, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Background We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled studies evaluating any drug, technique or device aimed at improving the success rate or safety of tracheal intubation in the critically ill. Methods We searched PubMed, BioMed Central, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials and references of retrieved articles. Finally, pertinent reviews were also scanned to detect further studies until May 2017. The following inclusion criteria were considered: tracheal intubation in adult critically ill patients; randomized controlled trial; study performed in Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department or ordinary ward; and work published in the last 20 years. Exclusion criteria were pre-hospital or operating theatre settings and simulation-based studies. Two investigators selected studies for the final analysis. Extracted data included first author, publication year, characteristics of patients and clinical settings, intervention details, comparators and relevant outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool. Results We identified 22 trials on use of a pre-procedure check-list (1 study), pre-oxygenation or apneic oxygenation (6 studies), sedatives (3 studies), neuromuscular blocking agents (1 study), patient positioning (1 study), video laryngoscopy (9 studies), and post-intubation lung recruitment (1 study). Pre-oxygenation with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and/or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) showed a possible beneficial role. Post-intubation recruitment improved oxygenation, while ramped position increased the number of intubation attempts and thiopental had negative hemodynamic effects. No effect was found for use of a checklist, apneic oxygenation (on oxygenation and hemodynamics), videolaryngoscopy (on number and length of intubation attempts), sedatives and neuromuscular blockers (on hemodynamics). Finally, videolaryngoscopy was associated with severe adverse effects in multiple trials. Conclusions The limited available evidence supports a beneficial role of pre-oxygenation with NIV and HFNC before intubation of critically ill patients. Recruitment maneuvers may increase post-intubation oxygenation. Ramped position increased the number of intubation attempts; thiopental had negative hemodynamic effects and videolaryngoscopy might favor adverse events.
Published: 2018
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7. Effect of Hemoadsorption for Cytokine Removal in Pneumococcal and Meningococcal Sepsis

Author: Francesca Leonardis, Viviana De Angelis, Francesca Frisardi, Chiara Pietrafitta, Ivano Riva, Tino Martino Valetti, Valentina Broletti, Gianmariano Marchesi, Lorenza Menato, Roberto Nani, Franco Marson, Mirca Fabbris, Luca Cabrini, Sergio Colombo, Alberto Zangrillo, Carlo Coniglio, Giovanni Gordini, Lucia Stalteri, Giovanni Giuliani, Vittorio Dalmastri, and Gaetano La Manna
Subjects: Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Bacterial meningitis and septicemia are invasive bacterial diseases, representing a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both conditions are characterized by an impressive inflammatory response, resulting rapidly in cerebral edema, infarction, hydrocephalus, and septic shock with multiple organ failure. Despite advances in critical care, outcome and prognosis remain critical. Available adjunctive treatments to control the inflammatory response have shown encouraging results in the evolution of patients with sepsis and systemic inflammation, but meningococcal or pneumococcal infection has not been investigated. We herein report five patients with similar critical pathological conditions, characterized by pneumococcal or meningococcal sepsis and treated with hemoadsorption for cytokine removal. All patients showed a progressive stabilization in hemodynamics along with a rapid and marked reduction of catecholamine dosages, a stabilization in metabolic disorders, and less-than-expected loss of extremities. Therapy proved to be safe and well tolerated. From this first experience, extracorporeal cytokine removal seems to be a valid and safe therapy in the management of meningococcal and pneumococcal diseases and may contribute to the patient stabilization and prevention of severe sequelae. Further studies are required to confirm efficacy in a larger context.
Published: 2018
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8. Percutaneous tracheostomy in patients on anticoagulants

Author: Laura Pasin, Elena Frati, Luca Cabrini, Landoni Giovanni, Pasquale Nardelli, Tiziana Bove, Maria Grazia Calabro, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Federico Pappalardo, and Alberto Zangrillo
Subjects: Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet therapies, Critically ill patients, Intensive Care Unit, Percutaneous tracheostomy, Procedure related bleeding complications, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Aims: To determine if percutaneous tracheostomy is safe in critically ill patients treated with anticoagulant therapies. Settings and Design: Single-center retrospective study including all the patients who underwent percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) placement over a 1-year period in a 14-bed, cardiothoracic and vascular Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: Patients demographics and characteristics, anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies, coagulation profile, performed technique and use of bronchoscopic guidance were retrieved. Results: Thirty-six patients (2.7% of the overall ICU population) underwent PDT over the study period. Twenty-six (72%) patients were on anticoagulation therapy, 1 patient was on antiplatelet therapy and 2 further patients received prophylactic doses of low molecular weight heparin. Only 4 patients had normal coagulation profile and were not receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapies. Overall, bleeding of any severity complicated 19% of PDT. No procedure-related deaths occurred. Conclusions: PDT was proved to be safe even in critically ill-patients treated with anticoagulant therapies. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Published: 2015
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9. Correction to: Tracheal intubation in critically ill patients: a comprehensive systematic review of randomized trials

Author: Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Omar Saleh, Carmine D. Votta, Evgeny Fominskiy, Alessandro Putzu, Cézar Daniel Snak de Souza, Massimo Antonelli, Rinaldo Bellomo, Paolo Pelosi, and Alberto Zangrillo
Subjects: Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: In the publication of this article [1], there was an error in a contributors Family Name. This has now been updated in the original article.
Published: 2019
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10. Correction: Dexmedetomidine as a Sedative Agent in Critically Ill Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: Laura Pasin, Teresa Greco, Paolo Feltracco, Annalisa Vittorio, Caetano Nigro Neto, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Gabriele Finco, and Alberto Zangrillo
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Published: 2014
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11. Dexmedetomidine as a sedative agent in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: Laura Pasin, Teresa Greco, Paolo Feltracco, Annalisa Vittorio, Caetano Nigro Neto, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Gabriele Finco, and Alberto Zangrillo
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: IntroductionThe effect of dexmedetomidine on length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and time to extubation is still unclear.Materials and methodsPertinent studies were independently searched in BioMedCentral, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of clinical trials (updated February first 2013). Randomized studies (dexmedetomidine versus any comparator) were included if including patients mechanically ventilated in an intensive care unit (ICU). Co-primary endpoints were the length of ICU stay (days) and time to extubation (hours). Secondary endpoint was mortality rate at the longest follow-up available.ResultsThe 27 included manuscripts (28 trials) randomized 3,648 patients (1,870 to dexmedetomidine and 1,778 to control). Overall analysis showed that the use of dexmedetomidine was associated with a significant reduction in length of ICU stay (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.79 [-1.17 to -0.40] days, p for effect ConclusionsThis meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies suggests that dexmedetomidine could help to reduce ICU stay and time to extubation, in critically ill patients even if high heterogeneity between studies might confound the interpretation of these results.
Published: 2013
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12. The effect of statins on mortality in septic patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: Laura Pasin, Giovanni Landoni, Maria Lourdes Castro, Luca Cabrini, Alessandro Belletti, Paolo Feltracco, Gabriele Finco, Andrea Carozzo, Roberto Chiesa, and Alberto Zangrillo
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: ObjectiveStatins are among the most prescribed drugs worldwide and their recently discovered anti-inflammatory effect seems to have an important role in inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production, chemokines expression and counteracting the harmful effects of sepsis on the coagulation system. We decided to perform a meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials ever published on statin therapy in septic patients to evaluate their effect on survival and length of hospital stay.Data sources and study selectionArticles were assessed by four trained investigators, with divergences resolved by consensus. BioMedCentral, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of clinical trials were searched for pertinent studies. Inclusion criteria were random allocation to treatment and comparison of statins versus any comparator in septic patients.Data extraction and synthesisData from 650 patients in 5 randomized controlled studies were analyzed. No difference in mortality between patients receiving statins versus control (44/322 [14%] in the statins group vs 50/328 [15%] in the control arm, RR = 0.90 [95% CI 0.65 to 1.26], p = 0.6) was observed. No differences in hospital stay (p = 0.7) were found.ConclusionsPublished data show that statin therapy has no effect on mortality in the overall population of adult septic patients. Scientific evidence on statins role in septic patients is still limited and larger randomized trials should be performed on this topic.
Published: 2013
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13. Systematic reviews and consensus definitions for the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) initiative: mortality, morbidity, and organ failure

Author: Alexander I.R. Jackson, Oliver Boney, Rupert M. Pearse, Andrea Kurz, D. James Cooper, Wilton A. van Klei, Luca Cabrini, Timothy E. Miller, S. Ramani Moonesinghe, Paul S. Myles, Michael P.W. Grocott, Paul Myles, T.J. Gan, Phil Peyton, Dan Sessler, Martin Tramèr, Alan Cyna, Gildasio S. De Oliveira, Christopher Wu, Mark Jensen, Henrik Kehlet, Mari Botti, Guy Haller, Mike Grocott, Tim Cook, Lee Fleisher, Mark Neuman, David Story, Russell Gruen, Sam Bampoe, Lis Evered, David Scott, Brendan Silbert, Diederik van Dijk, Cor Kalkman, Matthew Chan, Hilary Grocott, Rod Eckenhoff, Lars Rasmussen, Lars Eriksson, Scott Beattie, Duminda Wijeysundera, Giovanni Landoni, Kate Leslie, Bruce Biccard, Simon Howell, Peter Nagele, Toby Richards, Andre Lamy, Manoj Lalu, Rupert Pearse, Monty Mythen, Jaume Canet, Ann Moller, Tony Gin, Marcus Schultz, Paolo Pelosi, Marcelo Gabreu, Emmanuel Futier, Ben Creagh-Brown, Tom Abbot, Andy Klein, Tomas Corcoran, D. Jamie Cooper, Stefan Dieleman, Elisabeth Diouf, David McIlroy, Rinaldo Bellomo, Andrew Shaw, John Prowle, Keyvan Karkouti, Josh Billings, David Mazer, Mohindas Jayarajah, Michael Murphy, Justyna Bartoszko, Rob Sneyd, Steve Morris, Ron George, Ramani Moonesinghe, Mark Shulman, Meghan Lane-Fall, Ulrica Nilsson, Nathalie Stevenson, Wilton van Klei, Tim Miller, Sandy Jackson, Donal Buggy, Tim Short, Bernhard Riedel, Vijay Gottumukkala, Nathan Pace, Bilal Alkhaffaf, Mark Johnson, Intensive Care Medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, and AII - Inflammatory diseases
Subjects: surgery, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, consensus, morbidity, organ failure, anaesthesia, postoperative morbidity, perioperative outcomes, mortality
Abstract: Background: Mortality, morbidity, and organ failure are important and common serious harms after surgery. However, there are many candidate measures to describe these outcome domains. Definitions of these measures are highly variable, and validity is often unclear. As part of the International Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) initiative, this study aimed to derive a set of standardised and valid measures of mortality, morbidity, and organ failure for use in perioperative clinical trials. Methods: Three domains of endpoints (mortality, morbidity, and organ failure) were explored through systematic literature review and a three-stage Delphi consensus process using methods consistently applied across the StEP initiative. Reliability, feasibility, and patient-centredness were assessed in round 3 of the consensus process. Results: A high level of consensus was achieved for two mortality time points, 30-day and 1-yr mortality, and these two measures are recommended. No organ failure endpoints achieved threshold criteria for consensus recommendation. The Clavien–Dindo classification of complications achieved threshold criteria for consensus in round 2 of the Delphi process but did not achieve the threshold criteria in round 3 where it scored equivalently to the Post Operative Morbidity Survey. Clavien–Dindo therefore received conditional endorsement as the most widely used measure. No composite measures of organ failure achieved an acceptable level of consensus. Conclusions: Both 30-day and 1-yr mortality measures are recommended. No measure is recommended for organ failure. One measure (Clavien–Dindo) is conditionally endorsed for postoperative morbidity, but our findings suggest that no single endpoint offers a reliable and valid measure to describe perioperative morbidity that is not dependent on the quality of deli-vered care. Further refinement of current measures, or development of novel measures, of postoperative morbidity might improve consensus in this area.
Published: 2023

14. Perioperative Noninvasive Ventilation After Adult or Pediatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Review

Author: Artem Kuzovlev, Giovanni Landoni, Luca Cabrini, Valery Likhvantsev, Landoni, G., Likhvantsev, V., Kuzovlev, A., and Cabrini, L.
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030202 anesthesiology, Pediatric surgery, medicine, postoperative, Humans, Intubation, Respiratory function, perioperative, Child, Hypoxia, acute respiratory failure, noninvasive ventilation, postoperative pulmonary complication, Noninvasive Ventilation, business.industry, Perioperative, Respiration, Artificial, Obesity, Morbid, Cardiac surgery, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cardiothoracic surgery, Anesthesia, Noninvasive ventilation, Respiratory Insufficiency, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract: Postoperative pulmonary complications and acute respiratory failure are among the leading causes of adverse postoperative outcomes. Noninvasive ventilation may safely and effectively prevent acute respiratory failure in high-risk patients after cardiothoracic surgery and after abdominal surgery. Moreover, noninvasive ventilation can be used to treat postoperative hypoxemia, particularly after abdominal surgery. Noninvasive ventilation also can be helpful to prevent or manage intraoperative acute respiratory failure during non-general anesthesia, primarily in patients with poor respiratory function. Finally, noninvasive ventilation is superior to standard preoxygenation in delaying desaturation during intubation in morbidly obese and in critically ill hypoxemic patients. The few available studies in children suggest that noninvasive ventilation could be safe and valuable in treating hypoxemic or hypercapnic acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery; on the other hand, it could be dangerous after tracheoesophageal correction.
Published: 2022

15. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants in patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission for COVID-19, Northern Italy, December 2021 to January 2022

Author: Antonio Piralla, Francesco Mojoli, Laura Pellegrinelli, Ferruccio Ceriotti, Antonia Valzano, Giacomo Grasselli, Maria Rita Gismondo, Valeria Micheli, Antonio Castelli, Claudio Farina, Marco Arosio, Ferdinando Luca Lorini, Diana Fanti, Andrea Busni, Matteo Laratta, Fabrizio Maggi, Federica Novazzi, Luca Cabrini, Anna Paola Callegaro, Roberto Keim, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Annalisa Cavallero, Sergio Maria Ivano Malandrin, Roberto Rona, Federica Giardina, Guglielmo Ferrari, Federica Zavaglio, Piera D'angelo, Cristina Galli, Laura Bubba, Sandro Binda, Massimo Oggioni, Sara Colonia Uceda Renteria, Patrizia Bono, Andreina Baj, Francesca Drago Ferrante, Davide Guarneri, Marco Tonelli, Gavino Napolitano, Alice Nava, Lorenzo Romeo, Elena Nicolini, Rea Valaperta, Ludovica Varisano, Caterina Mele, Lucia Liguori, Monica Raggi, Silvia Mongodi, Michele Pagani, Paolo Severgnini, Dario Gasberti, Ezio Bonanomi, Paolo Gritti, Francesco Marrazzo, Ilaria Giovannini, Noemi Sacchi, Orlando Sagliocco, Danilo Cereda, Sabrina Buoro, Fausto Baldanti, and Elena Pariani
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Intensive care unit (ICU), Delta variant, Italy, Severe infections, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Omicron variant, Variant of Concern (VOC)
Published: 2023

16. Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author: Daniele Boghi, Kyung Woo Kim, Jun Hyun Kim, Sang-Il Lee, Ji Yeon Kim, Kyung-Tae Kim, Andrea Ambrosoli, Giovanni Guarneri, Giovanni Landoni, and Luca Cabrini
Subjects: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Abstract: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for acute respiratory failure (ARF) in pediatric patients.We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov with a last update on July 31, 2022.We included RCTs comparing NIV with any comparator (standard oxygen therapy and high-flow nasal cannula [HFNC]) in pediatric patients with ARF. We excluded studies performed on neonates and on chronic respiratory failure patients.Baseline characteristics, intubation rate, mortality, and hospital and ICU length of stays were extracted by trained investigators.We identified 15 RCTs (2,679 patients) for the final analyses. The intubation rate was 109 of 945 (11.5%) in the NIV group, and 158 of 1,086 (14.5%) in the control group (risk ratio, 0.791; 95% CI, 0.629-0.996; p = 0.046; I2 = 0%; number needed to treat = 31). Findings were strengthened after removing studies with intervention duration shorter than an hour and after excluding studies with cross-over as rescue treatment. There was no difference in mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stays.In pediatric patients, NIV applied for ARF might reduce the intubation rate compared with standard oxygen therapy or HFNC. No difference in mortality was observed.
Published: 2022

17. The extent of pneumomediastinum could predict mortality in COVID-19 patients

Author: Andrea COPPOLA, Dunia F. D’ONOFRIO, Maria Giovanna ATRIA, Chiara RECALDINI, Filippo PIACENTINO, Federico FONTANA, Andrea M. MARESCA, Giulio CARCANO, Luca CABRINI, Francesco DENTALI, and Massimo VENTURINI
Subjects: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Humans, Pneumothorax, Mediastinal Emphysema
Published: 2022

18. Caring for acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Northern Italy: report from a hub center

Author: Luca CABRINI, Walter AGENO, Sergio BALBI, Fabio BARUZZI, Elisa CANDELORO, Carlo CAPRA, Federico CARIMATI, Battistina CASTIGLIONI, Vinicio CONTI, Roberto DE PONTI, Dario FRANCHI, Giancarlo GINI, Andrea GIORGIANNI, Marianna SARTORELLI, Giovanni LANDONI, Davide LOCATELLI, Lorenzo MAFFIOLI, Rita PRADELLA, Paolo SEVERGNINI, Matteo TOZZI, Maurizio VERSINO, Giuliano ZOCCHI, Alberto ZOLI, Cabrini, Luca, Ageno, Walter, Balbi, Sergio, Baruzzi, Fabio, Candeloro, Elisa, Capra, Carlo, Carimati, Federico, Castiglioni, Battistina, Conti, Vinicio, DE Ponti, Roberto, Franchi, Dario, Gini, Giancarlo, Giorgianni, Andrea, Sartorelli, Marianna, Landoni, Giovanni, Locatelli, Davide, Maffioli, Lorenzo, Pradella, Rita, Severgnini, Paolo, Tozzi, Matteo, Versino, Maurizio, Zocchi, Giuliano, and Zoli, Alberto
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, Humans, COVID-19, Emergencies, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Pandemics
Abstract: Background: The Lombardy region, in Northern Italy, suffered a major outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the end of February 2020. The health system was rapidly overwhelmed by the pandemic. It became evident that patients suffering from time-sensitive medical emergencies like stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, trauma and acute myocardial infarction required timely, effective and safe pathways to be treated. The problem was addressed by a regional decree that created a hub-and-spoke system for time-sensitive medical emergencies. Methods: We report the re-organizational changes adopted at a hub hospital (despite having already destined to COVID-19 patients most resources), and the number of emergent procedures for medical emergencies on the first 30-day of activity. These data were compared with the hospital activity in the same period of the previous year. Results: Organizational changes were implemented in few hours. Dedicated pathways for non-COVID-19 patients affected by a medical emergency were set up in the emergency department, in the labs and in the operating theater. Ten intensive beds were implemented from a high-dependency unit; two operating rooms were reserved 24 h/day to neurosurgical or trauma emergencies. The number of emergent procedures was not different from that of the previous year, no admission refusal, no treatment delay and no viral transmission to the treated patients were recorded. No viral transmission to health care workers was observed. Conclusions: Re-organization of a hospital in order to adopt a hub-and-spoke model resulted feasible and allowed to face acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies timely and safely.
Published: 2022

19. Enhancing citizens response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review of mobile-phone systems to alert citizens as first responders

Author: Tommaso Scquizzato, Alessandro Belletti, Giovanni Landoni, Luca Cabrini, Ottavia Pallanch, Alberto Zangrillo, Antonio Frontera, Scquizzato, T., Pallanch, O., Belletti, A., Frontera, A., Cabrini, L., Zangrillo, A., and Landoni, G.
Subjects: Emergency Medical Services, medicine.medical_specialty, Ambulances, Mobile-phone technology, Intervention group, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Emergency Nursing, Text message, Article, Out of hospital cardiac arrest, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Hospital discharge, medicine, Humans, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, First responders, Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, business.industry, Emergency Responders, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Pooled analysis, Mobile phone, Emergency medicine, Emergency Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Introduction Involving laypersons in response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest through mobile-phone technology is becoming widespread in numerous countries, and different solutions were developed. We performed a systematic review on the impact of alerting citizens as first responders and to provide an overview of different strategies and technologies used. Methods We searched electronic databases up to October 2019. Eligible studies described systems to alert citizens first responders to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest through text messages or apps. We analyzed the implementation and performance of these systems and their impact on patients’ outcomes. Results We included 28 manuscripts describing 12 different systems. The first text message system was implemented in 2006 and the first app in 2010. First responders accepted to intervene in median (interquartile) 28.7% (27–29%) of alerts and reached the scene after 4.6 (4.4–5.5) minutes for performing CPR. First responders arrived before ambulance, started CPR and attached a defibrillator in 47% (34–58%), 24% (23–27%) and 9% (6–14%) of cases, respectively. Pooled analysis showed that first responders activation increased layperson-CPR rates (1463/2292 [63.8%] in the intervention group vs. 1094/1989 [55.0%] in the control group; OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.11–2.60; p = 0.01) and survival to hospital discharge or at 30 days (327/2273 [14.4%] vs. 184/1955 [9.4%]; OR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.24–1.84; p Conclusions Alerting citizens as first responders in case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest may reduce the intervention-free time and improve patients’ outcomes.
Published: 2020

20. Association of COVID-19 Vaccinations With Intensive Care Unit Admissions and Outcome of Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia in Lombardy, Italy

Author: Giacomo, Grasselli, Alberto, Zanella, Eleonora, Carlesso, Gaetano, Florio, Arif, Canakoglu, Giacomo, Bellani, Nicola, Bottino, Luca, Cabrini, Gian Paolo, Castelli, Emanuele, Catena, Maurizio, Cecconi, Danilo, Cereda, Davide, Chiumello, Andrea, Forastieri, Giuseppe, Foti, Marco, Gemma, Riccardo, Giudici, Lorenzo, Grazioli, Andrea, Lombardo, Ferdinando Luca, Lorini, Fabiana, Madotto, Alberto, Mantovani, Giovanni, Mistraletti, Francesco, Mojoli, Silvia, Mongodi, Gianpaola, Monti, Stefano, Muttini, Simone, Piva, Alessandro, Protti, Frank, Rasulo, Anna Mara, Scandroglio, Paolo, Severgnini, Enrico, Storti, Roberto, Fumagalli, Antonio, Pesenti, Matteo, Pozzi, Grasselli, G, Zanella, A, Carlesso, E, Florio, G, Canakoglu, A, Bellani, G, Bottino, N, Cabrini, L, Castelli, G, Catena, E, Cecconi, M, Cereda, D, Chiumello, D, Forastieri, A, Foti, G, Gemma, M, Giudici, R, Grazioli, L, Lombardo, A, Lorini, F, Madotto, F, Mantovani, A, Mistraletti, G, Mojoli, F, Mongodi, S, Monti, G, Muttini, S, Piva, S, Protti, A, Rasulo, F, Scandroglio, A, Severgnini, P, Storti, E, Fumagalli, R, and Pesenti, A
Subjects: Adult, Male, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Critical Illness, COVID-19 Vaccine, Intensive Care Unit, COVID-19, General Medicine, Pneumonia, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Oxygen, Intensive Care Units, Retrospective Studie, Humans, Critical Illne, Female, Cohort Studie, BNT162 Vaccine, Retrospective Studies, Human
Abstract: ImportanceData on the association of COVID-19 vaccination with intensive care unit (ICU) admission and outcomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2–related pneumonia are scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether COVID-19 vaccination is associated with preventing ICU admission for COVID-19 pneumonia and to compare baseline characteristics and outcomes of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients admitted to an ICU.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study on regional data sets reports: (1) daily number of administered vaccines and (2) data of all consecutive patients admitted to an ICU in Lombardy, Italy, from August 1 to December 15, 2021 (Delta variant predominant). Vaccinated patients received either mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) or adenoviral vector vaccines (ChAdOx1-S or Ad26.COV2). Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were computed from August 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022; ICU and baseline characteristics and outcomes of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients admitted to an ICU were analyzed from August 1 to December 15, 2021.ExposuresCOVID-19 vaccination status (no vaccination, mRNA vaccine, adenoviral vector vaccine).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe incidence IRR of ICU admission was evaluated, comparing vaccinated people with unvaccinated, adjusted for age and sex. The baseline characteristics at ICU admission of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients were investigated. The association between vaccination status at ICU admission and mortality at ICU and hospital discharge were also studied, adjusting for possible confounders.ResultsAmong the 10 107 674 inhabitants of Lombardy, Italy, at the time of this study, the median [IQR] age was 48 [28-64] years and 5 154 914 (51.0%) were female. Of the 7 863 417 individuals who were vaccinated (median [IQR] age: 53 [33-68] years; 4 010 343 [51.4%] female), 6 251 417 (79.5%) received an mRNA vaccine, 550 439 (7.0%) received an adenoviral vector vaccine, and 1 061 561 (13.5%) received a mix of vaccines and 4 497 875 (57.2%) were boosted. Compared with unvaccinated people, IRR of individuals who received an mRNA vaccine within 120 days from the last dose was 0.03 (95% CI, 0.03-0.04; P P P P P o2) and fraction of inspiratory oxygen (FiO2) at ICU admission (median [IQR]: 138 [100-180] vs 120 [90-158] mm Hg; P = .007). Factors associated with ICU and hospital mortality were higher age, premorbid heart disease, lower Pao2/FiO2 at ICU admission, and female sex (this factor only for ICU mortality). ICU and hospital mortality were similar between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines were associated with significantly lower risk of ICU admission for COVID-19 pneumonia. ICU and hospital mortality were not associated with vaccinated status. These findings suggest a substantial reduction of the risk of developing COVID-19–related severe acute respiratory failure requiring ICU admission among vaccinated people.
Published: 2022

21. Continuous positive airway pressure and pronation outside the Intensive Care Unit in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome

Author: Alberto Zangrillo, Flavia Di Scala, Giuseppe A. Ramirez, Piera Angelillo, Stefano Turi, Sarah Damanti, Antonella Castagna, Clarissa Centurioni, Paolo Silvani, Francesco Carcò, Francesco De Cobelli, Raffaella Scotti, Andrea Assanelli, Caterina Conte, Lorenzo Dagna, Giovanni Landoni, Luca Cabrini, Alessandro Marinosci, Anna Morgillo, Agnese Gobbi, Enrica Bozzolo, Elena Castelli, Moreno Tresoldi, Barbara Calcaterra, Ramirez, Giuseppe A, Bozzolo, Enrica P, Castelli, Elena, Marinosci, Alessandro, Angelillo, Piera, Damanti, Sarah, Scotti, Raffaella, Gobbi, Agnese, Centurioni, Clarissa, Di Scala, Flavia, Morgillo, Anna, Castagna, Antonella, Conte, Caterina, Assanelli, Andrea, De Cobelli, Francesco, Calcaterra, Barbara, Cabrini, Luca, Carcó, Francesco, Turi, Stefano, Silvani, Paolo, Dagna, Lorenzo, Zangrillo, Alberto, Landoni, Giovanni, and Tresoldi, Moreno
Subjects: Adult, ARDS, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medicine.medical_treatment, law.invention, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, law, Medicine, Humans, Pronation, Continuous positive airway pressure, Respiratory physiotherapy, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Respiratory distress, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, business.industry, COVID-19, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Intensive Care Units, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Emergency medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Noninvasive ventilation, Cohort study
Abstract: The efficacy and safety of continuous positive airway pressure and respiratory physiotherapy outside the ntensive care unit during a pandemic. BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of continuous positive airway pressure and respiratory physiotherapy outside the Intensive Care Unit during a pandemic.METHODS: In this cohort study performed in February-May 2020 in a large teaching hospital in Milan, COVID-19 patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome receiving continuous positive airway pressure (positive end-expiratory pressure =10 cm H2O, FiO(2)=0.6, daily treatment duration: 4 x3h-cycles) and respiratory physiotherapy including pronation outside the Intensive Care Unit were followed-up.RESULTS: Of 90 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure (45/90, 50% pronated at least once) outside the Intensive Care Unit and with a median (interquartile) follow-up of 37 (1146) days, 45 (50%) were discharged at home, 28 (31%) were still hospitalized, and 17 (19%) died. Continuous positive airway pressure failure was recorded for 35 (39%) patients. Patient mobilization was associated with reduced failure rates (P=0.033). No safety issues were observed.CONCLUSIONS: Continuous positive airway pressure with patient mobilization (including pronation) was effective and safe in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 managed outside the Intensive Care Unit setting during the pandemic.
Published: 2022

22. Core Outcome Measures for Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (COMPAC): a modified Delphi process to develop a core outcome set for trials in perioperative care and anaesthesia

Author: Rinaldo Bellomo, W.S. Beattie, Toby Richards, D. I. Sessler, Donal J. Buggy, D.P.J. van Dijk, David Mazer, Brendan S. Silbert, Kate Leslie, Andrew D. Shaw, Simon J. Howell, Mark D. Neuman, P. Peyton, Mohandas Jayarajah, Mark A Shulman, Hilary P. Grocott, Luca Cabrini, Oliver Boney, Cornelis J. Kalkman, Andrew A. Klein, Tim Cook, Mervyn Singer, Lis Evered, Monty G. Mythen, John R. Prowle, P. J. Devereaux, David R. McIlroy, Timothy G. Short, David James Cooper, R.M. Pearse, Tony Gin, Michael P.W. Grocott, R. Eckenhoff, Jaume Canet, Paul S. Myles, David Scott, Keyvan Karkouti, Ann Merete Møller, Guy Haller, T. J. Gan, S Ramani Moonesinghe, David A Story, J.R. Sneyd, Brian P. Kavanagh, Tomas Corcoran, Justyna Bartoszko, W. A. van Klei, and Giovanni Landoni
Subjects: Adult, Male, Consensus, Adolescent, Delphi Technique, perioperative medicine, Outcome (game theory), core outcome, Perioperative Care, surgery, Patient safety, Young Adult, Quality of life (healthcare), Postoperative Complications, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Medicine, Humans, Anesthesia, Adverse effect, Aged, Anesthetics, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Perioperative medicine, standardised endpoints, business.industry, anaesthesia, Perioperative, Middle Aged, Clinical trial, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Clinical research, patient-centred outcome, Quality of Life, Female, business
Abstract: Background Outcome selection underpins clinical trial interpretation. Inconsistency in outcome selection and reporting hinders comparison of different trials' results, reducing the utility of research findings. Methods We conducted an iterative consensus process to develop a set of Core Outcome Measures for Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (COMPAC), following the established Core Outcome Measures for Effectiveness Trials (COMET) methodology. First, we undertook a systematic review of RCTs in high-impact journals to describe current outcome reporting trends. We then surveyed patients, carers, researchers, and perioperative clinicians about important outcomes after surgery. Finally, a purposive stakeholder sample participated in a modified Delphi process to develop a core outcome set for perioperative and anaesthesia trials. Results Our systematic review revealed widespread inconsistency in outcome reporting, with variable or absent definitions, levels of detail, and temporal criteria. In the survey, almost all patients, carers, and clinicians rated clinical outcome measures critically important, but clinicians rated patient-centred outcomes less highly than patients and carers. The final core outcome set was: (i) mortality/survival (postoperative mortality, long-term survival); (ii) perioperative complications (major postoperative complications/adverse events; complications/adverse events causing permanent harm); (iii) resource use (length of hospital stay, unplanned readmission within 30 days); (iv) short-term recovery (discharge destination, level of dependence, or both); and (v) longer-term recovery (overall health-related quality of life). Conclusions This core set, incorporating important outcomes for both clinicians and patients, should guide outcome selection in future perioperative medicine or anaesthesia trials. Mapping these alongside standardised endpoint definitions will yield a comprehensive perioperative outcome framework.
Published: 2021

23. Prone Position in Intubated, Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Coronavirus Disease-19

Author: Francesca Dalla Corte, Andrea Forastieri, Massimo Girardis, Amedeo Guzzardella, Domenico Grieco, Paola Previtali, Roberto Fumagalli, Edoardo De Robertis, Lucia Mirabella, Valentina Noseda, Francesca Tardini, Massimo Antonelli, Thomas Langer, Martina Favarato, Clarissa Forlini, Giuseppe Foti, Antonio Pesenti, Eleonora Carlesso, Fabio Zannoni, Roberto Rona, Gianpaolo Castelli, Matteo Brioni, Tommaso Tonetti, Marco Ranieri, Giacomo Grasselli, Alessandro Protti, and Luca Cabrini
Subjects: Prone position, business.industry, Anesthesia, medicine, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, business, psychological phenomena and processes, Coronavirus
Abstract: Background: Limited data are available on the use of prone position in intubated, invasively ventilated patients with Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Aim of this study is to investigate the use and effect of prone position in this population during the first 2020 pandemic wave.Methods: Retrospective, multicentre, national cohort study conducted between February 24 and June 14, 2020 in 24 Italian Intensive Care Units (ICU) on adult patients needing invasive mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure caused by COVID-19.Clinical data were collected on the day of ICU admission. Information regarding the use of prone position were collected daily. Follow-up for patient outcomes was performed on July 15, 2020. The respiratory effects of the first prone position were studied in a subset of 78 patients. Patients were classified as Responders if the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased ≥ 20 mmHg during prone position. Results: Of 1057 included patients, mild, moderate and severe ARDS was present in 15, 50 and 35% of patients, respectively and had a resulting mortality of 25, 33 and 41%. Prone position was applied in 61% of the patients. Patients placed prone had a more severe disease and died significantly more (45% vs 33%, p2/FiO2 ratio, while no change in respiratory system compliance was observed. Seventy-eight % of patients were Responders to prone position. Non-Responders had a more severe respiratory failure and died more often in the ICU (65% vs. 38%, p=0.047).Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, prone position has been widely adopted to treat mechanically ventilated patients with respiratory failure. The majority of patients improved their oxygenation during prone position, most likely due to a better ventilation perfusion matching.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT04388670
Published: 2021

24. Continuous infusion versus intermittent administration of meropenem in critically ill patients (MERCY): A multicenter randomized double-blind trial. Rationale and design

Author: Ingrid Marcela Pabon, Barbara Azzali, Mattia Bozzetti, Vincenzo Pota, Antonio De Sio, Andrey Yavorovskiy, Natascia D'Andrea, Rosetta Lobreglio, Andrea Della Selva, Evgeny Fominskiy, Federico Canavosio, Barbara Ferrara, Vittorio Pazzanese, Francesca Gallicchio, Nicola Pasculli, Valery Likhvantsev, Eugenio Garofalo, Sergio Colombo, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Felice Eugenio Agrò, Margherita Tozzi, Gianluca Paternoster, Francesco Corradi, Tiziana Bove, Filippo Palmesino, Elena Momesso, Luigi Vetrugno, Francesco Giuseppe Nisi, Giorgia Montrucchio, Daniela Missio, Mara Bernasconi, Giacomo Monti, Mariano Ballestra, Marco Gemma, Giovanni Marino, Silvia Ajello, Alberto Zangrillo, Rosalba Lembo, Maria Grazia Calabrò, Romina Perone, Andrea Bruni, Pavel Nogtev, Alberto Cappelletti, Gabriele Finco, Daniele Cristadoro, Leonarda Pia Cantatore, Marina Pieri, Sofia Ananiadou, Italo Calamai, Chiara Millin, A. Mattei, Luca Cabrini, Marina Petrova, Valentina Paola Plumari, Nicoletta Boffa, Davide Maraggia, Elena Moizo, Gianna Curci, Giovanni Landoni, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe Giardina, Giacomo Iapichino, Carola Galbiati, Fabio Guarracino, Antonella Cotoia, Matteo Marzaroli, Nikola Bradic, Umberto Benedetto, Giorgio Gallioli, Fabrizio D'Ascenzo, Francesco Forfori, Fabio Toffoletto, Milena Mucci, Manuela Mainetti, Monti, G., Galbiati, C., Toffoletto, F., Calabro, M. G., Colombo, S., Ferrara, B., Giardina, G., Lembo, R., Marzaroli, M., Moizo, E., Mucci, M., Pasculli, N., Plumari, V. P., Scandroglio, A. M., Tozzi, M., Momesso, E., Boffa, N., Lobreglio, R., Montrucchio, G., Guarracino, F., Benedetto, U., Biondi-Zoccai, G., D'Ascenzo, F., D'Andrea, N., Paternoster, G., Ananiadou, S., Ballestra, M., De Sio, A., Pota, V., Cotoia, A., Della Selva, A., Bruni, A., Iapichino, G., Bradic, N., Corradi, F., Gemma, M., Nogtev, P., Petrova, M., Agro, F. E., Cabrini, L., Forfori, F., Likhvantsev, V., Bove, T., Finco, G., Landoni, G., Zangrillo, A., Ajello, S., Cappelletti, A. M., Fominskiy, E., Nisi, F. G., Pazzanese, V., Pieri, M., Canavosio, F., Palmesino, F., Bernasconi, M., Gallioli, G., Marino, G., Vetrugno, L., Millin, C., Missio, D., Gallicchio, F., Azzali, B., Bozzetti, M., Cristadoro, D., Perone, R., Cantatore, L. P., Curci, G., Pabon, I. M., Garofalo, E., Mainetti, M., Calamai, I., Maraggia, D., Mattei, A., Yavorovskiy, A., Monti, Giacomo, Galbiati, Carola, Toffoletto, Fabio, Calabrò, Maria Grazia, Colombo, Sergio, Ferrara, Barbara, Giardina, Giuseppe, Lembo, Rosalba, Marzaroli, Matteo, Moizo, Elena, Mucci, Milena, Pasculli, Nicola, Plumari, Valentina, Scandroglio, Anna Mara, Tozzi, Margherita, Momesso, Elena, Boffa, Nicoletta, Lobreglio, Rosetta, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Guarracino, Fabio, Benedetto, Umberto, Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe, D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio, D'Andrea, Natascia, Paternoster, Gianluca, Ananiadou, Sofia, Ballestra, Mariano, De Sio, Antonio, Pota, Vincenzo, Cotoia, Antonella, Selva, Andrea Della, Bruni, Andrea, Iapichino, Giacomo, Bradić, Nikola, Corradi, Francesco, Gemma, Marco, Nogtev, Pavel, Petrova, Marina, Agrò, Felice Eugenio, Cabrini, Luca, Forfori, Francesco, Likhvantsev, Valery, Bove, Tiziana, Finco, Gabriele, Landoni, Giovanni, and Zangrillo, Alberto
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, Critical Care, Antibiotic resistance, Critical patients, Critical Illness, Population, meropenem, intermitent or continuous infusion, critically ill, Intensive care unit, Meropenem, Mortality, Multi-drug resistant pathogens, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Sepsis, medicine, Clinical endpoint, polycyclic compounds, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Antibacterial agent, education.field_of_study, 030505 public health, Septic shock, business.industry, Critical patient, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Emergency medicine, 0305 other medical science, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective Meropenem is a β-lactam, carbapenem antibacterial agent with antimicrobial activity against gram-negative, gram-positive and anaerobic micro-organisms and is important in the empirical treatment of serious infections in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Multi-drug resistant gram-negative organisms, coupled with scarcity of new antibiotic classes, forced healthcare community to optimize the therapeutic potential of available antibiotics. Our aim is to investigate the effect of continuous infusion of meropenem against bolus administration, as indicated by a composite outcome of reducing death and emergence of extensive or pan drug-resistant pathogens in a population of ICU patients. Design Double blind, double dummy, multicenter randomized controlled trial (1:1 allocation ratio). Setting Tertiary and University hospitals. Interventions 600 ICU patients with sepsis or septic shock, needing by clinical judgment antibiotic therapy with meropenem, will be randomized to receive a continuous infusion of meropenem 3 g/24 h or an equal dose divided into three daily boluses (i.e. 1g q8h). Measurements The primary endpoint will be a composite outcome of reducing death and emergence of extensive or pan drug-resistant pathogens. Secondary endpoints will be death from any cause at day 90, antibiotic-free days at day 28, ICU-free days at day 28, cumulative SOFA-free (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score from randomization to day 28 and the two, separate, components of the primary endpoint. We expect a primary outcome reduction from 52 to 40% in the continuous infusion group. Conclusions The trial will provide evidence for choosing intermittent or continuous infusion of meropenem for critically ill patients with multi-drug resistant gram-negative infections.
Published: 2021

25. Systematic review and consensus definitions for the Standardized Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) initiative: cardiovascular outcomes

Author: W. Scott Beattie, Manoj Lalu, Matthew Bocock, Simon Feng, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Peter Nagele, Lee A. Fleisher, Andrea Kurz, Bruce Biccard, Kate Leslie, Simon Howell, Giovanni Landoni, Hilary Grocott, Andre Lamy, Toby Richards, Paul Myles, T.J. Gan, Phil Peyton, Dan Sessler, Martin Tramèr, Alan Cyna, Gildasio S. De Oliveira, Christopher Wu, Mark Jensen, Henrik Kehlet, Mari Botti, Oliver Boney, Guy Haller, Mike Grocott, Tim Cook, Lee Fleisher, Mark Neuman, David Story, Russell Gruen, Sam Bampoe, Lis Evered, David Scott, Brendan Silbert, Diederik van Dijk, Cor Kalkman, Matthew Chan, Rod Eckenhoff, Lars Rasmussen, Lars Eriksson, Scott Beattie, Duminda Wijeysundera, Richard J. Bartlett, Robert McMonnies, Jacob Gerstl, Mohammad Jay, David Kishlyansky, Matthew Machina, Matthew Bobcock, Rupert Pearse, Monty Mythen, Jaume Canet, Ann Moller, Tony Gin, Marcus Schultz, Paolo Pelosi, Marcelo Gabreu, Emmanuel Futier, Ben Creagh-Brown, Tom Abbott, Andy Klein, Tomas Corcoran, D. Jamie Cooper, Stefan Dieleman, Elisabeth Diouf, David McIlroy, Rinaldo Bellomo, Andrew Shaw, John Prowle, Keyvan Karkouti, Josh Billings, David Mazer, Mohindas Jayarajah, Michael Murphy, Justyna Bartoszko, Rob Sneyd, Steve Morris, Ron George, Ramani Moonesinghe, Mark Shulman, Meghan Lane-Fall, Ulrica Nilsson, Nathalie Stevenson, Jamie (DJ) Cooper, Wilton van Klei, Luca Cabrini, Tim Miller, Nathan Pace, Sandy Jackson, Donal Buggy, Tim Short, Bernhard Riedel, Vijay Gottumukkala, Bilal Alkhaffaf, Mark Johnson, Beattie, W. S., Lalu, M., Bocock, M., Feng, S., Wijeysundera, D. N., Nagele, P., Fleisher, L. A., Kurz, A., Biccard, B., Leslie, K., Howell, S., Landoni, G., Grocott, H., Lamy, A., Richards, T., Myles, P., Cooper, D. J., Gan, T. J., Peyton, P., Sessler, D., Tramer, M., Cyna, A., De Oliveira, G. S., Wu, C., Jensen, M., Kehlet, H., Botti, M., Boney, O., Haller, G., Grocott, M., Cook, T., Fleisher, L., Neuman, M., Story, D., Gruen, R., Bampoe, S., Evered, L., Scott, D., Silbert, B., van Dijk, D., Kalkman, C., Chan, M., Eckenhoff, R., Rasmussen, L., Eriksson, L., Beattie, S., Wijeysundera, D., Bartlett, R. J., Mcmonnies, R., Gerstl, J., Jay, M., Kishlyansky, D., Machina, M., Bobcock, M., Pearse, R., Mythen, M., Canet, J., Moller, A., Gin, T., Schultz, M., Pelosi, P., Gabreu, M., Futier, E., Creagh-Brown, B., Abbott, T., Klein, A., Corcoran, T., Dieleman, S., Diouf, E., Mcilroy, D., Bellomo, R., Shaw, A., Prowle, J., Karkouti, K., Billings, J., Mazer, D., Jayarajah, M., Murphy, M., Bartoszko, J., Sneyd, R., Morris, S., George, R., Moonesinghe, R., Shulman, M., Lane-Fall, M., Nilsson, U., Stevenson, N., Cooper, J. D., van Klei, W., Cabrini, L., Miller, T., Pace, N., Jackson, S., Buggy, D., Short, T., Riedel, B., Gottumukkala, V., Alkhaffaf, B., Johnson, M., Tramer, Martin, and Haller, Guy Serge Antoine
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Heart disease, Delphi Technique, Endpoint Determination, perioperative medicine, MACE, Cochrane Library, Perioperative Care, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, cardiovascular events, outcome measures, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, 030202 anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, medicine, Humans, clinical trials, myocardial infarction, standardised endpoint, Intensive care medicine, Adverse effect, Clinical Trials as Topic, Perioperative medicine, ddc:617, business.industry, Cardiovascular Diseases, Perioperative Medicine, Research Design, Perioperative, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business
Abstract: Background: Adverse cardiovascular events are a leading cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The definitions of perioperative cardiovascular adverse events are heterogeneous. As part of the international Standardized Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative, this study aimed to find consensus amongst clinical trialists on a set of standardised and valid cardiovascular outcomes for use in future perioperative clinical trials.Methods: We identified currently used perioperative cardiovascular outcomes by a systematic review of the anaesthesia and perioperative medicine literature (PubMed/Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane Library). We performed a three-stage Delphi consensus-gaining process that involved 55 clinician researchers worldwide. Cardiovascular outcomes were first shortlisted and the most suitable definitions determined. These cardiovascular outcomes were then assessed for validity, reliability, feasibility, and clarity.Results: We identified 18 cardiovascular outcomes. Participation in the three Delphi rounds was 100% (n=19), 71% (n=55), and 89% (n=17), respectively. A final list of nine cardiovascular outcomes was elicited from the consensus: myocardial infarction, myocardial injury, cardiovascular death, non-fatal cardiac arrest, coronary revascularisation, major adverse cardiac events, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and atrial fibrillation. These nine cardiovascular outcomes were rated by the majority of experts as valid, reliable, feasible, and clearly defined.Conclusions: These nine consensus cardiovascular outcomes can be confidently used as endpoints in clinical trials designed to evaluate perioperative interventions with the goal of improving perioperative outcomes.
Published: 2021

26. SARS-CoV-2 on Ocular Surfaces in a Cohort of Patients With COVID-19 From the Lombardy Region, Italy

Author: Fausto Sessa, Simone Donati, Maurizio Chiaravalli, Lorenzo Maffioli, Angelo Genoni, Claudia Siracusa, Elias Premi, Angelo Tagliabue, Francesco Dentali, Giulio Carcano, Giulio Minoja, Paolo Grossi, Claudio Azzolini, Paolo Severgnini, Luca Cabrini, Andreina Baj, Giovanni Veronesi, and Lorenzo Azzi
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Conjunctiva, Concordance, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, 01 natural sciences, Specimen Handling, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Intensive care, Internal medicine, Nasopharynx, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, 0101 mathematics, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS-CoV-2, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy, Concomitant, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, Tears, Cohort, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, RNA, Viral, Female, business, Viral load
Abstract: Importance Since February 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly all over the world, with an epidemiological cluster in Lombardy, Italy. The viral communicability may be mediated by various body fluids, but insufficient information is available on the presence of the virus in human tears. Objectives To investigate the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in tears collected from patients with COVID-19 by means of real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay and to assess the association of virus presence with concomitant clinical conditions. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study conducted between April 9 and May 5, 2020. The setting was intensive care units at Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Sette-Laghi Hospital, University of Insubria, in Varese, Lombardy, Italy. A conjunctival swab was performed in 91 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, which was clinically diagnosed by rRT-PCR assay on nasopharyngeal swabs and by radiological imaging. Conjunctival swabs from 17 additional healthy volunteer participants with no symptoms of COVID-19 were examined to evaluate the availability and applicability of the conjunctival swab test. Exposure SARS-CoV-2 detection by means of rRT-PCR assay performed on the collected samples obtained by conjunctival swabs. Main Outcomes and Measures Conjunctival swab and nasopharyngeal swab results are reported, as well as demographic and clinical data. Results A total of 108 participants (mean [SD] age, 58.7 [14.2] years; 55 female and 53 male) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using rRT-PCR assay, including 91 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and 17 were healthy volunteers. SARS-CoV-2 was found on the ocular surface in 52 of 91 patients with COVID-19 (57.1%; 95% CI, 46.3%-67.5%), with a wide variability in the mean viral load from both eyes. Among a subset of 41 patients, concordance of 63.0% (95% CI, 41.0%-81.0%) was found between positive conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swab test results when performed within 2 days of each other. In 17 of these patients, nasopharyngeal swab results were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In 10 of these 17 patients, conjunctival swab results were positive for the virus. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found on the ocular surface in a large part of this cohort of patients with COVID-19, although the infectivity of this material could not be determined. Because patients may have positive test results with a conjunctival swab and negative results with a nasopharyngeal swab, use of the slightly invasive conjunctival swab may be considered as a supplementary diagnostic test.
Published: 2021

27. Non-invasive Ventilation

Author: Dario Winterton, Nicola Villari, Margherita Pintaudi, and Luca Cabrini
Subjects: business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Positive pressure, respiratory system, respiratory tract diseases, Expiratory positive airway pressure, Anesthesia, mental disorders, medicine, Breathing, Non-invasive ventilation, Acute respiratory failure, Continuous positive airway pressure, Positive pressure ventilation, business, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the delivery of positive pressure to the airways and lungs in the absence of an intratracheal tube or an extra-glottic device. The term “NIV” includes both continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and any form of non-invasive inspiratory positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), in which an expiratory positive airway pressure is almost always present [1].
Published: 2021

28. The ABCDE bundle implementation in an intensive care unit: Facilitators and barriers perceived by nurses and doctors

Author: Lucia Miconi, Stefano Bambi, Pietro Isotti, Chiara Radaelli, Carlo Leggieri, Luigi Rinaldi, Mauro Dossi, Cristina Caballo, Sergio Colombo, Alessandra Negro, Giuseppe Ponzetta, Matteo De Vecchi, Luca Cabrini, Duilio F. Manara, Giulia Villa, Alberto Zangrillo, Negro, Alessandra, Bambi, Stefano, De Vecchi, Matteo, Isotti, Pietro, Villa, Giulia, Miconi, Lucia, Dossi, Mauro, Ponzetta, Giuseppe, Rinaldi, Luigi, Radaelli, Chiara, Caballo, Cristina, Leggieri, Carlo, Colombo, Sergio, Cabrini, Luca, Manara, Duilio F, and Zangrillo, Alberto
Subjects: Critical Care, media_common.quotation_subject, barriers, behavioral disciplines and activities, intensive care unit, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Level of consciousness, delirium, nursing, law, Intensive care, mental disorders, Health care, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, General Nursing, media_common, Monitoring, Physiologic, ABCDE bundle, facilitators, Teamwork, 030504 nursing, business.industry, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Respiration, Artificial, Intensive Care Units, Bundle, Scale (social sciences), Delirium, Medical emergency, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Aim To describe the facilitators and barriers perceived by healthcare teams after the implementation of the Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle in an intensive care unit in Italy. This multicomponent intervention strategy has been associated with lower probabilities of delirium, improved functional outcomes and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation. Methods A survey study conducted between June 2015 and May 2016 explored variables related to intensive care unit team members: perceptions of delirium; knowledge of the Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle; teamwork perception and resource availability. Results Most of the participants affirmed having reasonable knowledge of delirium, outcomes of delirious episodes, Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle components and their effectiveness. Low coordination between healthcare professionals was identified as a barrier. Overall, the time elapsing from the beginning of implementation of the bundle determined an increase in levels of awareness and confidence in the application of the bundle protocol and the Confusion Assessment Method Intensive Care Unit scale. Conclusion Issues with the Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle relating to coordination, management and interdisciplinary ward rounds are critical and should be remedied and monitored. This study could provide the basis for improving bundle implementation strategies and surveying levels of progression in other intensive care units.
Published: 2021

29. Early versus late tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients: a pro-con debate also considering heart-lung interactions

Author: Stefano Romagnoli, Federico Franchi, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Luca Ghislanzoni, Giovanni Landoni, Paolo Severgnini, Luca Cabrini, Cabrini, Luca, Ghislanzoni, Luca, Severgnini, Paolo, Landoni, Giovanni, Baiardo Redaelli, Martina, Franchi, Federico, and Romagnoli, Stefano
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, ARDS, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Anesthesia, COVID-19, Critical care, Early diagnosis, Intensive Care Units, Noninvasive ventilation, Respiratory insufficiency, Humans, Intubation, Intratracheal, Lung, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intensive care, medicine, Intubation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, Mechanical ventilation, business.industry, Tracheal intubation, medicine.disease, Post-intensive care syndrome, Intratracheal, Breathing, Delirium, medicine.symptom, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: The best timing of orotracheal intubation and invasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome is unknown. The use of non-invasive ventilation, a life-saving technique in many medical conditions, is debated in patients with ARDS since prolonged NIV and delayed intubation may be harmful. Shortage of intensive care beds and ventilators during a respiratory pandemic can trigger a widespread use of early non-invasive ventilation in many hospitals but which is the best way to ventilate patients with severe bilateral pneumonia and severely increased spontaneous ventilation is controversial. Moreover, viral spreading to health-care workers and other hospitalized patients is an issue for any device used to administer oxygen. Even if protective mechanical ventilation is currently the gold standard for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome, tracheal intubation is not without risks and is associated with delirium, hemodynamic instability, immobilization and post intensive care syndrome. Both invasive and non-invasive ventilation are associated with advantages and limitations that should be carefully considered when patients with COVID-19-ARDS need our attention. In the absence of strong evidence , in this review we highlight all the pro and con of these two different approaches.
Published: 2021

30. Caring for acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Northern Italy: report from a hub centre

Author: Davide Locatelli, Alberto Zoli, Luca Cabrini, Vinicio Conti, Elisa Candeloro, Sergio Balbi, Dario Franchi, Lorenzo Maffioli, Fabio Baruzzi, Marianna Sartorelli, Rita Pradella, Walter Ageno, Giuliano Zocchi, Carlo Capra, Battistina Castiglioni, Roberto De Ponti, Paolo Severgnini, Matteo Tozzi, Giovanni Landoni, Giancarlo Gini, Maurizio Versino, Andrea Giorgianni, Federico Carimati, Cabrini, Luca, Ageno, Walter, Balbi, Sergio, Baruzzi, Fabio, Candeloro, Elisa, Capra, Carlo, Carimati, Federico, Castiglioni, Battistina, Conti, Vinicio, De Ponti, Roberto, Franchi, Dario, Gini, Giancarlo, Giorgianni, Andrea, Sartorelli, Marianna, Landoni, Giovanni, Locatelli, Davide, Maffioli, Lorenzo, Pradella, Rita, Severgnini, Paolo, Tozzi, Matteo, Versino, Maurizio, Zocchi, Giuliano, and Zoli, Alberto
Subjects: Acute coronary syndrome, business.industry, Outbreak, Emergency department, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Operating theater, Health care, Pandemic, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical emergency, Myocardial infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Stroke
Abstract: Background The Lombardy region, in Northern Italy, suffered a major outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the end of February 2020. The health system was rapidly overwhelmed by the pandemic. It became evident that patients suffering from timesensitive medical emergencies like stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, trauma and acute myocardial infarction required timely, effective and safe pathways to be treated. The problem was addressed by a regional decree that created a hub-and-spoke system for time-sensitive medical emergencies. Methods We report the re-organizational changes adopted at a hub hospital (despite having already destined to COVID-19 patients most resources), and the number of emergent procedures for medical emergencies on the first 30-day of activity. These data were compared with the hospital activity in the same period of the previous year. Results Organizational changes were implemented in few hours. Dedicated pathways for non-COVID-19 patients affected by a medical emergency were set up in the emergency department, in the labs and in the operating theater. Ten intensive beds were implemented from a high-dependency unit; two operating rooms were reserved 24h/day to neurosurgical or trauma emergencies. The number of emergent procedures was not different from that of the previous year, no admission refusal, no treatment delay and no viral transmission to the treated patients were recorded. No viral transmission to health care workers was observed. Conclusions Re-organization of a hospital in order to adopt a hub-and-spoke model resulted feasible and allowed to face acute coronary syndrome and other time-sensitive medical emergencies timely and safely.
Published: 2020

31. Awake pronation with helmet continuous positive airway pressure for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients outside the ICU: a case series

Author: Giovanni Landoni, Gianluca Paternoster, F. Lisanti, E. Pennacchio, Chiara Sartini, Luca Cabrini, Paternoster, G., Sartini, C., Pennacchio, E., Lisanti, F., Landoni, G., and Luca, C.
Subjects: ARDS, Supine position, pronacion, medicine.medical_treatment, dexmedetomidine, Acute respiratory failure, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, law.invention, Prone position, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Continuous positive airway pressure, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, helmet, ARF, insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, Intensive care unit, Intensive Care Units, SDRA, Dexmedetomidina, Casco, COVID-19, CPAP, Dexmedetomidine, NIV, Pandemic, Pronation, SARS-COV-2, Anesthesia, Original Article, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Respiratory rate, Sedation, pronation, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Posición prona, medicine, casco, Humans, Wakefulness, acute respiratory failure, business.industry, posicion prona, pandemic, pandemia, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Pronación, 030228 respiratory system, prone position, business
Abstract: Objective: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an important therapeutic tool in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) since it improves oxygenation, reduces respiratory rate and can prevent intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. CPAP during pronation has seldom been described and never during sedation. Design: Case series. Setting: High dependency unit of San Carlo University Hospital (Potenza, Italy). Patients: Eleven consecutive patients with COVID-19 ARDS. Intervention: Helmet CPAP in prone position after failing a CPAP trial in the supine position. Main variable of interest: Data collection at baseline and then after 24, 48 and 72 h of pronation. We measured PaO2/FIO2, pH, lactate, PaCO2, SpO2, respiratory rate and the status of the patients at 28-day follow up. Results: Patients were treated with helmet CPAP for a mean ± SD of 7 ± 2.7 days. Prone positioning was feasible in all patients, but in 7 of them dexmedetomidine improved comfort. PaO2/FIO2 improved from 107.5 ± 20.8 before starting pronation to 244.4 ± 106.2 after 72 h (p < .001). We also observed a significantly increase in Sp02 from 90.6 ± 2.3 to 96 ± 3.1 (p < .001) and a decrease in respiratory rate from 27.6 ± 4.3 to 20.1 ± 4.7 (p = .004). No difference was observed in PaCO2 or pH. At 28 days two patients died after ICU admission, one was discharged in the main ward after ICU admission and eight were discharged home after being successfully managed outside the ICU. Conclusions: Helmet CPAP during pronation was feasible and safe in COVID-19 ARDS managed outside the ICU and sedation with dexmedetomidine safely improved comfort. We recorded an increase in PaO2/FIO2, SpO2 and a reduction in respiratory rate.
Published: 2020

32. Minimise nosocomial spread of 2019-nCoV when treating acute respiratory failure

Author: Alberto Zangrillo, Giovanni Landoni, Luca Cabrini, Cabrini, Luca, Landoni, Giovanni, and Zangrillo, Alberto
Subjects: biology, business.industry, Viral Epidemiology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), General Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Pneumonia, Pandemic, medicine, Global health, Acute respiratory failure, business, Betacoronavirus, Coronavirus
Published: 2020
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33. Elective Tracheostomy During Mechanical Ventilation in Patients Affected by COVID-19: Preliminary Case Series From Lombardy, Italy

Author: Camilla Czaczkes, Paolo Castelnuovo, Paolo Pelosi, Mario Turri-Zanoni, Luca Cabrini, and Paolo Battaglia
Subjects: Male, Percutaneous, medicine.medical_treatment, intensive care unit, law.invention, law, Health care, Intubation, Viral, Incidence, Respiration, Infectious, coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, personal protective equipment, tracheostomy, Adult, Aged, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Elective Surgical Procedures, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Respiration, Artificial, Respiratory Insufficiency, Tracheostomy, Treatment Outcome, Betacoronavirus, Intensive Care Units, Intensive care unit, Artificial, Elective Surgical Procedure, medicine.medical_specialty, Tracheal tube, Disease Transmission, Intensive care, medicine, Mechanical ventilation, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, General surgery, Pneumonia, Otorhinolaryngology, Surgery, business
Abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak poses continued struggles due to the unprecedented number of patients admitted to intensive care units and the overwhelming need for mechanical ventilation. We report a preliminary case series of 32 patients with COVID-19 who underwent elective tracheostomies after a mean intubation period of 15 days (range, 9-21 days). The procedure was performed with percutaneous (10 cases) and open (22 cases) surgical techniques. Neither procedure-related complications nor viral transmission to health care workers was observed. Our preliminary experience supports the safety of tracheostomy, provided that appropriate protocols are strictly followed. The postoperative care is still debated, and, prudentially, our protocol includes tracheal tube change not before 2 weeks after tracheostomy, with cuff deflation and decannulation deferred until confirmation of negative SARS-CoV-2 test results. This is the first case series to report on such a rapidly evolving issue and might represent a source of information for clinicians worldwide who will soon be facing the same challenges.
Published: 2020

34. The ERAS Protocol

Author: Luca Cabrini, Luigi Beretta, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, and Stefano Turi
Subjects: Protocol (science), medicine.medical_specialty, Fluid administration, business.industry, Multimodal therapy, Perioperative, Colorectal surgery, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, medicine.symptom, Intensive care medicine, business, Enhanced recovery after surgery, Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Abstract: Surgery is associated with a systemic stress response. Many randomized controlled trials have contributed to define safe and effective protocols of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), based on a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach addressing issues that might delay the recovery and cause complications, changing the management according to a continuous evidence-based analysis and periodical internal audits. A meta-analysis on ERAS in colorectal surgery confirmed that it is associated with a reduction in complications and length of hospital stay, without affecting the readmission rate. ERAS protocols are based on common surgical and anesthesiological items including: evaluation of preoperative risk; prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting; avoidance of intraoperative hypothermia; mini-invasive surgical approach; adequate opioid-sparing pain treatment; a personalized perioperative fluid administration; early mobilization; quick restart of oral intake. Bariatric patients present unique challenges in the management of perioperative risks. In 2016 the ERAS Society published the guidelines for bariatric surgery. A recent meta-analysis of ERAS in bariatric surgery demonstrated benefits in morbidity, operative time and length of hospital stay. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the ERAS protocol in emergency, non-bariatric obese patients. Due to the emergency of surgery, preadmission and preoperative optimization might often be not feasible. On the other hand, considering the benefits demonstrated in obese patients it seems reasonable to apply as completely as possible all the intraoperative and postoperative ERAS elements.
Published: 2020

35. 'Neuromonitoring as an alternative to awake intubation in uncooperative patients at risk for cervical spine injury'

Author: Alberto Zangrillo, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Luca Cabrini, Cabrini, L., Baiardo Redaelli, M., and Zangrillo, A.
Subjects: business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, Cervical Cord, Cervical cord, General Medicine, Cervical spine injury, Neck Injuries, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia, Cervical Vertebrae, Intubation, Intratracheal, Intubation, Medicine, Humans, business, Cervical vertebrae, Awake intubation
Published: 2020

36. Tracheal intubation in patients at risk for cervical spinal cord injury: A systematic review

Author: Alberto Zangrillo, Ottavia Pallanch, Valentina Paola Plumari, Paolo Pelosi, Laura Pasin, Lorenzo Ball, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Alessandro Putzu, Carmine D. Votta, Evgeny Fominskiy, Martina Filippini, Margherita Pintaudi, Giovanni Landoni, Luca Cabrini, Cabrini, L., Baiardo Redaelli, M., Filippini, M., Fominskiy, E., Pasin, L., Pintaudi, M., Plumari, V. P., Putzu, A., Votta, C. D., Pallanch, O., Ball, L., Landoni, G., Pelosi, P., Zangrillo, A., University of Zurich, and Cabrini, Luca
Subjects: medicine.medical_treatment, Laryngoscopy, 610 Medicine & health, 11171 Cardiocentro Ticino, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, 030202 anesthesiology, law, medicine, Intubation, Risk factor, Spinal cord injury, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Tracheal intubation, Postoperative complication, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Meta-analysis, Anesthesia, 2703 Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business
Abstract: Background Tracheal intubation in patients at risk for secondary spinal cord injury is potentially difficult and risky. Objectives To compare tracheal intubation techniques in adult patients at risk for secondary cervical spinal cord injury undergoing surgery. Primary outcome was first-attempt failure rate. Secondary outcomes were time to successful intubation and procedure complications. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with trial sequential analysis (TSA). Data sources Databases searched up to July 2019. Eligibility Randomized controlled trials comparing different intubation techniques. Results We included 18 trials enrolling 1972 patients. Four studies used the "awake" approach, but no study compared awake versus non-awake techniques. In remaining 14 RCTs, intubation was performed under general anesthesia. First-attempt failure rate was similar when comparing direct laryngoscopy or fiberoptic bronchoscopy versus other techniques. A better first-attempt failure rate was found with videolaryngoscopy and when pooling all the fiberoptic techniques together. All these results appeared not significant at TSA, suggesting inconclusive evidence. Intubating lighted stylet allowed faster intubation. Postoperative neurological complications were 0.34% (no significant difference among techniques). No life-threatening adverse event was reported; mild local complications were common (19.5%). The certainty of evidence was low to very low mainly due to high imprecision and indirectness. Conclusions Videolaryngoscopy and fiberoptic-assisted techniques might be associated with higher first-attempt failure rate over controls. However, low to very low certainty of evidence does not allow firm conclusions on the best tracheal intubation in patients at risk for cervical spinal cord injury.
Published: 2020

37. Healthcare-associated respiratory infections in intensive care unit can be reduced by a hand hygiene program: A multicenter study

Author: Marcello Campagna, Paolo Mura, Salvatore Sardo, Gabriele Finco, Mario Musu, Maura Galletta, Alberto Lai, Giovanni Landoni, Luca Cabrini, Finco, Gabriele, Musu, Mario, Landoni, Giovanni, Campagna, Marcello, Lai, Alberto, Cabrini, Luca, Sardo, Salvatore, Mura, Paolo, and Galletta, Maura
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Interrupted time series, media_common.quotation_subject, Emergency Nursing, Critical Care Nursing, Hand hygiene program, Intensive care unit, Upper and low respiratory tract infections, VAP, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hygiene, law, Intervention (counseling), Critical care nursing, medicine, Humans, Hand Hygiene, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections, Aged, media_common, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, Infection Control, Upper and low respiratory tract infection, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Interrupted Time Series Analysis, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Middle Aged, Interrupted time serie, Intensive Care Units, Italy, Child, Preschool, Emergency medicine, Guideline Adherence, business, Emergency nursing
Abstract: Purpose Healthcare-associated respiratory tract infections are common and markedly affect the quality of life and mortality, as well as increasing costs for health systems due to prolonged hospitalisation. This study aimed to assess the change in both level and trend of respiratory tract infections after a specific hand hygiene program for intensive care unit (ICU) staff. Materials and methods The infection data collection was carried out from January 2013 to August 2014. The hand hygiene program started in December 2013. To analyse the change in level and trend of infections after the intervention, the Interrupted Time Series method was used. Chi-square test was used to compare the incidence of respiratory tract infections before and after the intervention. Results A total of 825 patients were hospitalised in three Italian ICUs. The infection level was significantly decreased by 36.3 infections per 1000 device-days after the intervention. The infection trend was also decreased of about 1 infection per month. Conclusions After the hand hygiene program a decreased level of infection was found. Continuous performance feedback should be provided to promote a long-term adherence to the guidelines. Organisational and individual risk factors must be individuated and correctly managed to increase quality of practice.
Published: 2018

38. SIRS or qSOFA? Is that the question? Clinical and methodological observations from a meta-analysis and critical review on the prognostication of patients with suspected sepsis outside the ICU

Author: Stefano Franchini, Michele Carlucci, Luca Cabrini, Luca Scarallo, and Moreno Tresoldi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Organ Dysfunction Scores, Sepsis prognosis, Target population, Bivariate analysis, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Severity of Illness Index, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, qSOFA, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, SIRS, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Sequential organ failure assessment, Reproducibility of Results, Bayes Theorem, Prognosis, Sepsis screening, medicine.disease, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Meta-analysis, Emergency Medicine, business
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to assess the prognostic performances, in terms of in-hospital mortality, of the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria applied to patients with suspected infection outside the ICU, and to critically reappraise the results and the clinical impact of the SEPSIS-3 study and of the subsequent trials. We performed bivariate meta-analysis, evaluation of the Bayesian post-test probabilities of death, and computation of the unidentified deaths for every 1000 screened cases (UDS1000). The use of qSOFA for screening instead of the SIRS implies a relevant increase in the UDS1000. However, this difference appears far smaller in the SEPSIS-3 study, largely due to an underestimation of SIRS sensitivity. The increment in the pre-test probability of death implied by a positive qSOFA is higher than that implied by a positivity of the SIRS. However, the included studies use highly variable definitions of "suspected sepsis" and carry very high levels of heterogeneity. SIRS overperforms qSOFA as a rule-out tool for mortality, while qSOFA shows a higher rule-in power. However, the evident lack of consistency across the published studies undermines the significance of both the meta-analytic approach and the reproducibility of the outcomes, and demands for a standardized definition of the target population.
Published: 2018

39. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy

Author: 1 2, Giacomo Grasselli, 3 4, Alberto Zangrillo, 1 2, Alberto Zanella, Antonelli, Massimo, 7, Luca Cabrini, 8, Antonio Castelli, 9, Danilo Cereda, Coluccello 10, Antonio, Foti 11 12, Giuseppe, Fumagalli 11, Roberto, Iotti 13, Giorgio, Latronico 14 15, Nicola, Lorini 16, Luca, Merler 17, Stefano, Natalini, Giuseppe, 7, Alessandra Piatti, Vito Ranieri 19, Marco, 3, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Storti 20, Enrico, Cecconi 21 22, Maurizio, 1 2, Antonio Pesenti, Lombardy ICU Network, COVID-19, Massimo Antonelli (ORCID:0000-0003-3007-1670), 1 2, Giacomo Grasselli, 3 4, Alberto Zangrillo, 1 2, Alberto Zanella, Antonelli, Massimo, 7, Luca Cabrini, 8, Antonio Castelli, 9, Danilo Cereda, Coluccello 10, Antonio, Foti 11 12, Giuseppe, Fumagalli 11, Roberto, Iotti 13, Giorgio, Latronico 14 15, Nicola, Lorini 16, Luca, Merler 17, Stefano, Natalini, Giuseppe, 7, Alessandra Piatti, Vito Ranieri 19, Marco, 3, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Storti 20, Enrico, Cecconi 21 22, Maurizio, 1 2, Antonio Pesenti, Lombardy ICU Network, COVID-19, and Massimo Antonelli (ORCID:0000-0003-3007-1670)
Abstract: Importance: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) emerged in China and has spread globally, creating a pandemic. Information about the clinical characteristics of infected patients who require intensive care is limited. Objective: To characterize patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) in the Lombardy region of Italy. Design, setting, and participants: Retrospective case series of 1591 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 referred for ICU admission to the coordinator center (Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy) of the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network and treated at one of the ICUs of the 72 hospitals in this network between February 20 and March 18, 2020. Date of final follow-up was March 25, 2020. Exposures: SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swabs. Main outcomes and measures: Demographic and clinical data were collected, including data on clinical management, respiratory failure, and patient mortality. Data were recorded by the coordinator center on an electronic worksheet during telephone calls by the staff of the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network. Results: Of the 1591 patients included in the study, the median (IQR) age was 63 (56-70) years and 1304 (82%) were male. Of the 1043 patients with available data, 709 (68%) had at least 1 comorbidity and 509 (49%) had hypertension. Among 1300 patients with available respiratory support data, 1287 (99% [95% CI, 98%-99%]) needed respiratory support, including 1150 (88% [95% CI, 87%-90%]) who received mechanical ventilation and 137 (11% [95% CI, 9%-12%]) who received noninvasive ventilation. The median positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 14 (IQR, 12-16) cm H2O, and Fio2 was greater than 50% in 89% of patients. The median Pao2/Fio2 was 160 (IQR, 114-2
Published: 2020

40. Videolaryngoscopy in critically ill patients

Author: Audrey De Jong, Paolo Pelosi, Jean Reignier, Luca Cabrini, Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou, Samir Jaber, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IPP ( Institute of Plant Protection ), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), University of Genoa (UNIGE), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele [Milan, Italy], Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Service d'anesthésie et réanimation chirurgicale [Nantes], Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), and MORNET, Dominique
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Glottis, Critical Illness, Critically ill, Direct laryngoscopy, Emergency department, Intensive care unit, Tracheal intubation, Videolaryngoscopy, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Laryngoscopy, Video Recording, Laryngoscopes, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Viewpoint, 0302 clinical medicine, law, medicine, Humans, Intubation, Intensive care medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, lcsh:RC86-88.9, 3. Good health, Stylet, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Intensive Care Units, Intubation procedure, medicine.anatomical_structure, business
Abstract: International audience; Intubation is frequently required for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) but is associated with high morbidityand mortality mainly in emergency procedures and in the presence of severe organ failures. Improving theintubation procedure is a major goal for all ICU physicians worldwide, and videolaryngoscopy may play a relevant role.Videolaryngoscopes are a heterogeneous entity, including Macintosh blade-shaped optical laryngoscopes, anatomicallyshaped blade without a tube guide and anatomically shaped blade with a tube guide, which might have theoreticalbenefits and pitfalls. Videolaryngoscope/videolaryngoscopy improves glottis view and allows supervision by an expertduring the intubation process; however, randomized controlled trials in the ICU suggest that the systematic use ofvideolaryngoscopes for every intubation cannot yet be recommended, especially in non-expert hands. Nevertheless, avideolaryngoscope should be available in all ICUs as a powerful tool to rescue difficult intubation or unsuccessful first-pass laryngoscopy, especially in expert hands.The use of associated devices such as bougie or stylet, glottis view needed (full vs incomplete) and patient positionduring intubation (ramped, sniffed position) should be further evaluated. Future trials will better define the role ofvideolaryngoscopy in ICU.
Published: 2019

41. Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit

Author: Kahan, Brennan C., Desponia, Koulenti, Kostoula, Arvaniti, Vanessa, Beavis, Douglas, Campbell, Matthew, Chan, Rui, Moreno, Pearse, Rupert M., Scott, Beattie, Pierre-Alain, Clavien, Nicolas, Demartines, Lee, A Fleisher, Mike, Grocott, James, Haddow, Andreas, Hoeft, Peter, Holt, Naomi, Pritchard, Andrew, Rhodes, Duminda, Wijeysundera, Matt, Wilson, Tahania, Ahmed, Kirsty, Everingham, Russell, Hewson, Marta, Januszewska, Rupert, M Pearse, Mandeep-Kaur, Phull, Richard, Halliwell, Mark, Shulman, Paul, Myles, Werner, Schmid, Michael, Hiesmayr, Patrick, Wouters, Stefan de Hert, Suzana, Lobo, Xiangming, Fang, Lars, Rasmussen, Emmanuel, Futier, Matthieu, Biais, Aurélien, Venara, Karem, Slim, Michael, Sander, Despoina, Koulenti, Mathew, Chan, Atul, Kulkarni, Susilo, Chandra, Aida, Tantri, Emad, Geddoa, Muntadhar, Abbas, Giorgio Della Rocca, Datin, Sivasakthi, Marzida, Mansor, Pastor, Luna, Arthur, Bouwman, Wolfgang, Buhre, Tim, Short, Tunde, Osinaike, Ricardo, Matos, Ioana, Grigoras, Mikhail, Kirov, Denis, Protsenko, Bruce, Biccard, Cesar, Aldecoa, Michelle, Chew, Christoph, Hofer, Martin, Hubner, James, Ditai, Tamas, Szakmany, Lee, Fleisher, Marissa, Ferguson, Michael, Macmahon, Ritchie, Cherian, Helen, Currow, Kathirgamanathan, Kanathiban, David, Gillespie, Edward, Pathmanathan, Katherine, Phillips, Jenifer, Reynolds, Joanne, Rowley, Jeanene, Douglas, Ross, Kerridge, Sameer, Garg, Michael, Bennett, Megha, Jain, David, Alcock, Nico, Terblanche, Rochelle, Cotter, Kate, Leslie, Marcelle, Stewart, Nicolette, Zingerle, Antony, Clyde, Oliver, Hambidge, Adam, Rehak, Sharon, Cotterell, Wilson Binh Quan Huynh, Timothy, Mcculloch, Erez, Ben-Menachem, Thomas, Egan, Jennifer, Cope, Paul, Fellinger, Simone, Haselberger, Caroline, Holaubek, Paul, Lichtenegger, Florian, Scherz, Franz, Hoffer, Veronika, Cakova, Andreas, Eichwalder, Norbert, Fischbach, Reinhold, Klug, Elisabeth, Schneider, Martin, Vesely, Reinhart, Wickenhauser, Karl Gernot Grubmueller, Marion, Leitgeb, Friedrich, Lang, Nancy, Toro, Marlene, Bauer, Friedrich, Laengle, Thomas, Mayrhofer, Christian, Buerkle, Karin, Forstner, Reinhard, Germann, Harald, Rinoesl, Elke, Schindler, Ernst, Trampitsch, Gerhard, Fritsch, Christian, Szabo, Jawad, Bidgoli, Hans, Verdoodt, Patrice, Forget, David, Kahn, Fernande, Lois, Mona, Momeni, Caroline, Prégardien, Audrey, Pospiech, Arnaud, Steyaert, Laurent, Veevaete, Dirk De Kegel, Karen De Jongh, Luc, Foubert, Carine, Smitz, Marcel, Vercauteren, Jan, Poelaert, Veerle Van Mossevelde, Jacques, Abeloos, Stefaan, Bouchez, Marc, Coppens, Luc De Baerdemaeker, Isabel, Deblaere, Ann De Bruyne, Stefan De Hert, Kristine, Fonck, Bjorn, Heyse, Tom, Jacobs, Koen, Lapage, Anneliese, Moerman, Martine, Neckebroek, Aliaksandra, Parashchanka, Nathalie, Roels, Nancy Van Den Eynde, Michael, Vandenheuvel, Jurgen Van Limmen, Ann, Vanluchene, Caroline, Vanpeteghem, Piet, Wyffels, Christel, Huygens, Punitha, Vandenbempt, Marc Van de Velde, Dimitri, Dylst, Bruno, Janssen, Evelien, Schreurs, Fábia Berganton Aleixo, Keulle, Candido, Hugo Dias Batista, Mario, Guimarães, Jaqueline, Guizeline, João, Hoffmann, Suzana, M Lobo, Francisco Ricardo Lobo, Vinícius, Nascimento, Katia, Nishiyama, Lucas, Pazetto, Daniela, Souza, Rodrigo Souza Rodrigues, Ana Maria Vilela Dos Santos, Jaquelline, Jardim, Joao, Silva, Paulo do Nascimento Junior, Thalissa Hermínia Baio, Gabriel Isaac Pereira de Castro, Henri Roger Watanabe Oliveira, Cristina Prata Amendola, Gutemberg, Cardoso, Daniela, Ortega, Ana Flavia Brotto, Mirella Cristine De Oliveira, Álvaro, Réa-Neto, Fernando, Dias, Pedro, Azambuja, Marcos Freitas Knibel, Antonio, Martins, William, Almeida, Calim Neder Neto, Maria Angela Tardelli, Eliana, Caser, Marcio, Machado, Crisitiano, Aguzzoli, Sérgio, Baldisserotto, Fernanda Beck Tabajara, Fernanda, Bettega, La Hore Correa Rodrigues Júnior, Julia de Gasperi, Lais, Faina, Marcos Farias Nolasco, Bruna Ferreira da Costa Fischer, Mariana Fosch de Campos Ferreira, Cristina, Hartmann, Marta, Kliemann, Gustavo Luis Hubert Ribeiro, Julia Merladete Fraga, Thiago Motta Netto, Laura Valduga Pozza, Paulo Rafael Wendling, Caroline, Azevedo, Juliana, Garcia, Marcel, Lopes, Bernardo, Maia, Paula, Maselli, Ralph, Melo, Weslley, Mendes, Matheus, Neves, Jacqueline, Ney, Claudio, Piras, Christopher, Applewhaite, Adrienne, Carr, Lorraine, Chow, Kaylene, Duttchen, Julena, Foglia, Michael, Greene, Ashley, Hinther, Kendra, Houston, Thomas Jared McCormick, Jennifer, Mikhayel, Sam, Montasser, Alex, Ragan, Andrew, Suen, Adrianna, Woolsey, Hai Chuan Yu, Duane, Funk, Stephen, Kowalski, Regina, Legaspi, Heather, Mcdonald, Faisal, Siddiqui, Jeremy, Pridham, Bernadette, Rowe, Sonia, Sampson, Barton, Thiessen, Geoff, Zbitnew, Andre, Bernard, Ronald, George, Philip, Jones, Rita, Moor, Naveed, Siddiqui, Alexandra, Wolfer, Diem, Tran, Denyse, Winch, Gary, Dobson, Thomas, Mccormick, Osama, Montasser, Richard, Hall, Leyla, Baghirzada, Si Yuan Dai, Gregory, Hare, Esther, Lee, Uma, Shastri, Albert, Tsui, Anmol, Yagnik, Danielle, Alvares, Stephen, Choi, Heather, Dwyer, Kathrina, Flores, Colin, Mccartney, Priya, Somascanthan, Carroll, Jo, Janneth, Pazmino-Canizares, Noam, Ami, Vincent, Chan, Anahi, Perlas, Ruth, Argue, Katie, Lavis, Kelly, Mayson, Ying, Cao, Hong, Gao, Tingju, Hu, Jie, Lv, Jian, Yang, Yang, Yang, Zhong, Yi, Jing, Zhou, Xiaohua, Zou, Miao, He, Xiaoying, Li, Dihuan, Luo, Haiying, Wang, Tian, Yu, Liyong, Chen, Lijun, Wang, Yunfei, Cai, Zhongming, Cao, Yanling, Li, Jiaxin, Lian, Haiyun, Sun, Sheng, Wang, Zhipeng, Wang, Kenru, Wang, Zhu, Yi, Xindan, Du, Hao, Fan, Yunbin, Fu, Lixia, Huang, Yanming, Huang, Haifang, Hwan, Hong, Luo, Pi-Sheng, Qu, Fan, Tao, Zhen, Wang, Guoxiang, Wang, Shun, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Xiaolin, Zhang, Chao, Chen, Weixing, Wang, Zhengyuan, Liu, Lihua, Fan, Jing, Tang, Yijun, Chen, Yongjie, Chen, Yangyang, Han, Changshun, Huang, Guojin, Liang, Jing, Shen, Jun, Wang, Qiuhong, Yang, Jungang, Zhen, Haidong, Zhou, Junping, Chen, Zhang, Chen, Xiaoyu, Li, Meng, Bo, Haiwang, Ye, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Yanbing, Bi, Jianqiao, Cao, Fengying, Guo, Hong, Lin, Yang, Liu, Meng, Lv, Pengcai, Shi, Xiumei, Song, Chuanyu, Sun, Yongtao, Sun, Yuelan, Wang, Shenhui, Wang, Min, Zhang, Rong, Chen, Jiabao, Hou, Yan, Leng, Qing-Tao, Meng, Qian, Li, Zi-Ying, Shen, Zhong-Yuan, Xia, Rui, Xue, Yuan, Zhang, Zhao, Bo, Xian-Jin, Zhou, Qiang, Chen, Huinan, Guo, Yongqing, Guo, Yuehong, Qi, Zhi, Wang, Jianfeng, Wei, Weiwei, Zhang, Lina, Zheng, Bao, Qi, Yaqiu, Chen, Yijiao, Chen, Yue, Fei, Nianqiang, Hu, Xuming, Hu, Min, Lei, Xiaoqin, Li, Xiaocui, Lv, Fangfang, Miao, Lingling, Ouyang, Qian, Lu, Conyu, Shen, Sun, Yu, Yuting, Wang, Dong, Wang, Chao, Wu, Liyuan, Xu, Jiaqi, Yuan, Lina, Zhang, Huan, Zhang, Yapping, Zhang, Jinning, Zhao, Chong, Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Tianzhao, Zheng, Dachun, Zhou, Haiyan, Zhou, Zhou, Ce, Kaizhi, Lu, Ting, Zhao, Changlin, He, Hong, Chen, Shasha, Chen, Baoli, Cheng, Jie, He, Lin, Jin, Caixia, Li, Hui, Li, Yuanming, Pan, Yugang, Shi, Xiao Hong Wen, Shuijing, Wu, Guohao, Xie, Kai, Zhang, Bing, Zhao, Xianfu, Lu, Feifei, Chen, Qisheng, Liang, Xuewu, Lin, Yunzhi, Ling, Gang, Liu, Jing, Tao, Yang, Lu, Jialong, Zhou, Fumei, Chen, Yunlin, Feng, Benchao, Hou, Jiamei, Lin, Mei, Liu, Foquan, Luo, Xiaoyun, Shi, Yingfen, Xiong, Lin, Xu, Shuangjia, Yang, Qin, Zhang, Huaigen, Zhang, Weihong, Zhao, Weilu, Zhao, Yun, Bai, Linbi, Chen, Sijia, Chen, Qinxue, Dai, Wujun, Geng, Kunyuan, Han, Xin, He, Luping, Huang, Binbin, Ji, Danyun, Jia, Shenhui, Jin, Qianjun, Li, Dongdong, Liang, Shan, Luo, Lulu, Lwang, Yunchang, Mo, Yuanyuan, Pan, Xinyu, Qi, Meizi, Qian, Jinling, Qin, Yelong, Ren, Yiyi, Shi, Junlu, Wang, Junkai, Wang, Leilei, Wang, Junjie, Xie, Yixiu, Yan, Yurui, Yao, Mingxiao, Zhang, Jiashi, Zhao, Xiuxiu, Zhuang, Yanqiu, Ai, Fang, Du, Long, He, Ledan, Huang, Zhisong, Li, Huijuan, Li, Yetong, Li, Liwei, Li, Meng, Su, Yazhuo, Yuan, Enman, Zhang, Jie, Zhang, Shuna, Zhao, Zhenrong, Ji, Ling, Pei, Wang, Li, Chen, Chen, Beibei, Dong, Jing, Li, Ziqiang, Miao, Hongying, Mu, Chao, Qin, Lin, Su, Zhiting, Wen, Keliang, Xie, Yonghao, Yu, Fang, Yuan, Xianwen, Hu, Zhang, Ye, Wangpin, Xiao, Zhipeng, Zhu, Qingqing, Dai, Kaiwen, Fu, Rong, Hu, Xiaolan, Hu, Song, Huang, Yaqi, Li, Yingping, Liang, Shuchun, Yu, Zheng, Guo, Yan, Jing, Tang, Na, Jie, Wu, Dajiang, Yuan, Ruilin, Zhang, Xiaoying, Zhao, Yuhong, Li, Hui-Ping, Bai, Chun-Xiao, Liu, Fei-Fei, Liu, Wei, Ren, Xiu-Li, Wang, Guan-Jie, Xu, Na, Hu, Bo, Li, Yangwen, Ou, Yongzhong, Tang, Shanglong, Yao, Shihai, Zhang, Cui-Cui, Kong, Bei, Liu, Tianlong, Wang, Wei, Xiao, Bo, Lu, Yanfei, Xia, Jiali, Zhou, Fang, Cai, Pushan, Chen, Shuangfei, Hu, Hongfa, Wang, Qiong, Xu, Liu, Hu, Liang, Jing, Bin, Li, Qiang, Liu, Yuejiang, Liu, Xinjian, Lu, Zhen Dan Peng, Xiaodong, Qiu, Quan, Ren, Youliang, Tong, Jin, Wang, Yazhou, Wen, Qiong, Wu, Jiangyan, Xia, Jue, Xie, Xiapei, Xiong, Shixia, Xu, Tianqin, Yang, Hui, Ye, Ning, Yin, Jing, Yuan, Qiuting, Zeng, Baoling, Zhang, Kang, Zheng, Jing, Cang, Shiyu, Chen, Fan, Yu, Shuying, Fu, Xiaodong, Ge, Baolei, Guo, Wenhui, Huang, Linghui, Jiang, Xinmei, Jiang, Liu, Yi, Yan, Pan, Yun, Ren, Shan, Qi, Jiaxing, Wang, Fei, Wang, Chi, Wu, Xiaoguang, Zhang, Ida Cecilie Christiansen, Simon Nørgaard Granum, Bodil Steen Rasmussen, Morten, Daugaard, Rajiv, Gambhir, Guðný Erla Steingrímsdóttir, Peter, Jensen-Gadegaard, Karsten Skovgaard Olsen, Hanna, Siegel, Katrine Zwicky Eskildsen, Mona Ring Gätke, Ida, Wibrandt, Simon Bisgaard Heintzelmann, Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange, Rune Sarauw Lundsgaard, Louise, Amstrup-Hansen, Claus, Hovendal, Michael, Larsen, Mette, Lenstrup, Tina, Kobborg, Jens Rolighed Larsen, Anette Barbre Pedersen, Søren Hübertz Smith, Rebecca Monett Oestervig, Arash, Afshari, Cheme, Andersen, Kim, Ekelund, Erik Lilja Secher, Birgitte, Brandsborg, Helene, Beloeil, Sigismond, Lasocki, Alexandre, Ouattara, Marlene, Sineus, Serge, Molliex, Marie Lim Legouge, Florent, Wallet, Antoine, Tesniere, Christophe, Gaudin, Paul, Lehur, Emma, Forsans, Stéphane de Rudnicki, Valerie Serra Maudet, Didier, Mutter, Ghassan, Sojod, Mehdi, Ouaissi, Jean-Marc, Regimbeau, Jacques, Desbordes, Nicolas, Comptaer, Diae El Manser, Sabine, Ethgen, Gilles, Lebuffe, Patrick, Auer, Christine, Härtl, Maria, Deja, Kirill, Legashov, Susanne, Sonnemann, Carola, Wiegand-Loehnert, Elke, Falk, Marit, Habicher, Stefan, Angermair, Beatrix, Laetsch, Katrin, Schmidt, Christian Von Heymann, Axel, Ramminger, Florian, Jelschen, Svenja, Pabel, Andreas, Weyland, Elke, Czeslick, Jochen, Gille, Michael, Malcharek, Armin, Sablotzki, Katharina, Lueke, Peter, Wetzel, Joerg, Weimann, Franz-Peter, Lenhart, Florian, Reichle, Frederike, Schirmer, Michael, Hüppe, Karl, Klotz, Carla, Nau, Julika, Schön, Thomas, Mencke, Christina, Wasmund, Carla, Bankewitz, Georg, Baumgarten, Andreas, Fleischer, Vera, Guttenthaler, Yvonne, Hack, Katharina, Kirchgaessner, Olja, Männer, Marlen, Schurig-Urbaniak, Rafael, Struck, Rebekka van Zyl, Maria, Wittmann, Ulrich, Goebel, Sarah, Harris, Siegfried, Veit, Evangelia, Andreadaki, Flora, Souri, Ioannis, Katsiadramis, Anthi, Skoufi, Maria, Vasileiou, Eleni, Aimoniotou-Georgiou, Anastasios, Katsourakis, Fotini, Veroniki, Glyceria, Vlachogianni, Konstantina, Petra, Dimitra, Chlorou, Eirini, Oloktsidou, Vasileios, Ourailoglou, Konstantinos, Papapostolou, Georgia, Tsaousi, Panagoula, Daikou, Georgia, Dedemadi, Ioannis, Kalaitzopoulos, Christos, Loumpias, Sotirios, Bristogiannis, Nikolaos, Dafnios, Georgios, Gkiokas, Elissaios, Kontis, Dimitra, Kozompoli, Aspasia, Papailia, Theodosios, Theodosopoulos, Christol, Bizios, Anastasia, Koutsikou, Aleaxandra, Moustaka, Ioannis, Plaitakis, Apostolos, Armaganidis, Theodora, Christodoulopoulou, Mihail, Lignos, Maria, Theodorakopoulou, Andreas, Asimakos, Eleni, Ischaki, Angeliki, Tsagkaraki, Spyros, Zakynthinos, Eleni, Antoniadou, Ioannis, Koutelidakis, Dimitrios, Lathyris, Irene, Pozidou, Nikolaos, Voloudakis, Maria, Dalamagka, Elena, Gkonezou, Christos, Chronis, Dimitra, Manolakaki, Dimitris, Mosxogiannidis, Tatiana, Slepova, Isaia-Sissy, Tsakiridou, Claire Lampiri Lampiri, Anastasia Vachlioti Vachlioti, Christos Panagiotakis Panagiotakis, Dimitrios Sfyras Sfyras, Fotios Tsimpoukas Tsimpoukas, Athanasia, Tsirogianni, Elena, Axioti, Andreas, Filippopoulos, Elli, Kalliafa, George, Kassavetis, Petros, Katralis, Ioannis, Komnos, Georgios, Pilichos, Ifigenia, Ravani, Antonis, Totis, Eymorfia, Apagaki, Andromachi, Efthymiadi, Nikolaos, Kampagiannis, Theoniki, Paraforou, Agoritsa, Tsioka, Georgios, Georgiou, Aristeidis, Vakalos, Aggeliki, Bairaktari, Efthimios, Charitos, George, Markou, Panagiota, Niforopoulou, Nikolaos, Papakonstantinou, Evdoxia, Tsigou, Archontoula, Xifara, Menelaos, Zoulamoglou, Panagiota, Gkioni, Stylianos, Karatzas, Aikaterini, Kyparissi, Efstratios, Mainas, Ioannis, Papapanagiotou, Theonymfi, Papavasilopoulou, George, Fragandreas, Eleni, Georgopoulou, Eleni, Katsika, Kyriakos, Psarras, Eirini, Synekidou, Maria, Verroiotou, Evangelia, Vetsiou, Donika, Zaimi, Athina, Anagnou, Konstantinos, Apostolou, Theodora, Melissopoulou, Theophilos, Rozenberg, Christos, Tsigris, Georgios, Boutsikos, Vasileios, Kalles, Nikolaos, Kotsalas, Christina, Lavdaiou, Fotini, Paikou, Georgia-Laura, Panagou, Anna, Spring, Ioannis, Botis, Maria, Drimala, Georgios, Georgakakis, Ellada, Kiourtzieva, Panagiota, Ntouma, Apostolos, Prionas, Kyriakos, Xouplidis, Eleftheria, Dalampini, Chrysavgi, Giannaki, Christina, Iasonidou, Orestis, Ioannidis, Athina, Lavrentieva, Athena, Lavrentieva, George, Papageorgiou, Maria, Kokkinoy, Maria, Stafylaraki, Stylianos, Gaitanakis, Periclis, Karydakis, Josef, Paltoglou, Panagiotis, Ponireas, Panagiotis, Chaloulis, Athanasios, Provatidis, Anisoglou, Sousana, Varvara Vanessa Gardikou, Maria, Konstantivelli, Olga, Lataniotou, Elisavet, Lisari, Maria, Margaroni, Konstantinos, Stamatiou, Edouardos, Nikolaidis, Ioannis, Pnevmatikos, Eleni, Sertaridou, Alexandros, Andreou, Eleni, Arkalaki, Elias, Athanasakis, Fotini, Chaniotaki, Aikaterini, Chatzimichali, Maria, Christofaki, Despina, Dermitzaki, Klara, Fiorentza, Georgios, Frantzeskos, Elisavet, Geromarkaki, Kalliopi, Kafkalaki, Marina, Kalogridaki, Konstyllia, Karydi, Sofia, Kokkini, Georgios, Kougentakis, Tatiana, Lefaki, Emmanouhl, Lilitsis, Aikaterini, Makatounaki, Polychronis, Malliotakis, Dimosthenis, Michelakis, Maria, Neonaki, Vasileia, Nyktari, Iliana, Palikyra, Eleftherios, Papadakis, Alexandra, Papaioannou, Konstantinos, Sfakianakis, Maria, Sgouraki, Xenia, Souvatzis, Anastasia, Spartinou, Nefeli, Stefanidou, Paulina, Syrogianni, Georgia, Tsagkaraki, Elena, Arnaoutoglou, Christina, Arnaoutoglou, Christina, Bali, Vasilios, Bouris, Rodamanthos, Doumos, Konstantia-Paraskevi, Gkini, Clio, Kapaktsi, Vasilios, Koulouras, Arian, Lena, Dimitra, Lepida, Evangelos, Michos, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Minas, Paschopoulos, Vaia Aliki Rompou, Ioanna, Siouti, Stavros, Tsampalas, Ourania, Ververidou, Georgios, Zilis, Alexandra, Charlalampidoy, Gregory, Christodoulidis, Andreas, 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Biccard, Bruce M., Biyase, Thuli, Buccimazza, Ine, Cardosa, Jorge, Chen, Jame, Daya, Bhavika, Drummond, Leanne, Elabib, Ali, Goad, Ehab Helmy Abdel, Goga, Ismail E., Goga, Riaz, Harrichandparsad, R., Hodgson, Richard E., Jordaan, J., Kalafatis, Nicky, Kampik, Christian, Landers, At, Loots, Emil, Madansein, Rajhmum, Madaree, Anil, Madiba, Thandinkosi E., Manzini, Vukani T., Mbuyisa, Mbali, Moodley, Rajan, Msomi, Mduduzi, Mukama, Innocent, Naidoo, Desigan, Naidoo, Rubeshan, Naidu, Tesuven K., Ntloko, Sindiswa, Padayachee, Eneshia, Padayachee, Lucelle, Phaff, Martijn, Pillay, Bala, Pillay, Desigan, Pillay, Lutchmee, Ramnarain, Anupa, Ramphal, Suren R., Ryan, Paul, Saloojee, Ahmed, Sebitloane, Motshedisi, Sigcu, Noluyolo, Taylor, Jenna L., Torborg, Alexandra, Visser, Linda, Anderson, Philip, Conradie, Alae, de Swardt, Mathew, de Villiers, Martin, Eikman, Johan, Liebenberg, Riaan, Mouton, Johan, Paton, Abbey, van der Merwe, Louwrence, Wilscott-Davids, Candice, Barrett, Wendy Joan, Bester, Marlet, de Beer, Johan, Geldenhuys, Jacque, Gouws, Hanni, Potgieter, Jan-Hendrik, Strydom, Magdel, Wilberforce-Turton, Edwin, Chetty, Rubendraj R., Chirkut, Subash, Cronje, Larissa, de Vasconcellos, Kim, Dube, Nokukhanya Z., Sibusiso Gama, N., Green, Garyth M., Green-Thompson, Randolph, Kinoo, Suman Mewa, Kistnasami, Prenolin, Maharaj, Kapil, Moodley, Manogaran S., Mothae, Sibongile J., Naidoo, Ruvashni, Aslam, M., Noorbhai, F., Rughubar, Vivesh, Reddy, Jenendhiran, Singh, Avesh, Skinner, David L., Smith, Murray J., Singh, Bhagwan, Misra, Ravi, Naidoo, Maheshwar, Ramdharee, Pireshin, Selibea, Yvonne, Sewpersad, Selina, Sham, Shailendra, Wessels, Joseph D., Africander, Cucu, Bejia, Tarek, Blakemore, Stephen P., Botes, Marisa, Bunwarie, Bimalshakth, Hernandez, Carlos B., Jeeraz, Mohammud A., Legutko, Dagmara A., Lopez, Acela G., De Meyer, Jenine N., Muzenda, Tanaka, Naidoo, Noel, Patel, Maryam, Pentela, Rao, Junge, Marina, Mansoor, Naj, Rademan, Lana, Scislowski, Pawel, Seedat, Ismail, van den Berg, Bianca, van der Merwe, Doreen, van Wyk, Steyn, Govender, Komalan, Naicker, Darshan, Ramjee, Rajesh, Saley, Mueen, Kuhn, Warren Paul, Matos-Puig, Roel, Moolla, Zaheer, Lisi, Alberto, Perez, Gisela, Valle Beltran, Anna, Lozano, Angel, Delgado Navarro, Carlo, Duca, Alejandro, Pastor Martinez, Ernesto, Ferrando, Carlo, Fuentes, Isabel, García-Pérez, Maria Luisa, Gracia, Estefania, Izquierdo Palomares, Ana, Katime, Antonio, Miñana, Amanda, Incertis, Raul, Romero, Esther, Romero Garcia, Carolina Soledad, Rubio, Concepcion, Socorro Artiles, Tania, Soro, Marina, Valls, Paola, Laguarda, Gisela Alaman, Benavent, Pau, Cuenca, Vicente Chisbert, Cueva, Andreu, Lafuente, Matilde, Parra, Asuncion Marque, Rodrigo, Alejandra Romero, Sanchez-Morcillo, Silvia, Tormo, Sergi, Redondo, Francisco Javier, De Andres, Jose, Gómez Diago, Lorena, Hernández Cádiz, Maria José, Manuel, Granell Gil, Peris, Raquel, Saiz, Cristina, Tatay, Jose, Tebar Soto, Maria Teresa, Brunete, Tamara, Cancho, David, Delgado García, David R., Zamudio, Diana, Garcia Del Valle, Santiago, Luz Serrano, M., Alonso, Eduardo, Anillo, Victor, Maseda, Emilio, Salgado, Patricia, Suarez, Lui, Suarez-de-la-Rica, Alejandro, Villagrán, María José, Alonso, José Ignacio, Cabezuelo, Estefania, Garcia-Saiz, Irene, Lopez del Moral, Olga, Martín, Silvia, Perez Gonzalez, Alba, Tovar Doncel, Sherezade, Vera, Martin Agüero, Ávila Sánchez, Francisco José, Castaño, Beatriz, Castaño Moreira, Beatriz, Flores Risco, Sahely, Paz Martín, Daniel, Pérez Martín, Fernando, Poza, Paloma, Ruiz, Adela, Serna Martínez, Wilson Fabio, Vicente, Bárbara Vázquez, Dominguez, Saul Velaz, Fernández, Salvador, Munoz-López, Alfonso, Bernat, Maria Jose, Mas, Arantxa, Planas, Kenneth, Jawad, Monir, Saeed, Yousif, Hedin, Annika, Levander, Helena, Holmström, Sandra, Lönn, David, Zoerner, Frank, Åkring, Irene, Widmark, Carl, Zettergren, Jan, Liljequist, Victor Aspelund, Nystrom, Lena, Odeberg-Wernerman, Suzanne, Oldner, Ander, Reje, Patrik, Lyckner, Sara, Sperber, Jesper, Adolfsson, Anne, Klarin, Bengt, Ögren, Katrin, Barras, Jean-Pierre, Bührer, Thoma, Despotidis, Vasileio, Helmy, Naeder, Holliger, Stephan, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Schmid, Roger, Meyer, Antoine, Jaquet, Yve, Kessler, Ulf, Muradbegovic, Mirza, Nahum, Solange R., Rotunno, Teresa, Schiltz, Bori, Voruz, Françoi, Worreth, Marc, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Popeskou, Sotirios Georgio, Furrer, Marku, Prevost, Gian Andrea, Stocker, Andrea, Lang, Klau, Breitenstein, Stefan, Ganter, Michael T., Geisen, Martin, Soll, Christopher, Korkmaz, Michelle, Lubach, Iri, Schmitz, Michael, Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Moritz, Zingg, Ur, Hillermann, Thoma, Wildi, Stefan, Pinto, Bernardo Bollen, Walder, Bernhard, Hübner, Martin, Mariotti, Giustina, Slankamenac, Ksenija, Namuyuga, Mirioce, Kyomugisha, Edward, Kituuka, Olivia, Wesonga Shikanda, Anne, Kakembo, Nasser, Otim Tom, Charle, Webombesa, Antonina, Bua, Emmanuel, Ssettabi, Eden Michael, Epodoi, Joseph, Kabagenyi, Fiona, Kirya, Fred, Dempsey, Ged, Seasman, Colette, Basit Nawaz Khan, Raja, Kurasz, Claire, Macgregor, Mark, Shawki, Burhan, Hariharan, Vimal, Chau, Simon, Ellis, Kate, Butt, Georgina, Chicken, Dennis-Wayne, Christmas, Natasha, Allen, Samantha, Daniel, Gayatri Daniel, Dempster, Angie, Kemp, Juliette, Matthews, Lewi, Mcglone, Philip, Tambellini, Joanne, Trodd, Dawn, Freitas, Katie, Garg, Atul, Karpate, Shilpaja, Kulkarni, Aditi, O’Hara, Chloe, Troko, Jtroko, Angus, Kirsty, Bradley, Jacqueline, Brennan, Emma, Brooks, Carolyn, Brown, Janette, Brown, Gemma, Finch, Amanda, Gratrix, Karen, Hesketh, Sue, Hill, Gillian, Jeffs, Carol, Morgan, Maureen, Pemberton, Chri, Slawson, Nicola, Spickett, Helen, Swarbrick, Gemma, Thomas, Megan, Van Duyvenvoorde, Greta, Brennan, Andrew, Briscoe, Richard, Cooper, Sarah, Lawton, Tom, Northey, Martin, Senaratne, Rashmi, Stanworth, Helen, Burrows, Lorna, Cain, Helen, Craven, Rachael, Davies, Keith, Jonas, Attila, Pachucki, Marcin, Walkden, Graham, Davies, Helen, Gudaca, Mariethel, Hobrok, Maria, Arawwawala, Dilshan, Fergey, Lauren, Gardiner, Matthew, Gunn, Jacqueline, Johnson, Lyndsay, Lofting, Amanda, Lyle, Amanda, Mc Neela, Fiona, Smolen, Susan, Topliffe, Joanne, Williams, Sarah, Bland, Martin, Kaura, Vika, Lanka, Prasad, Naylor, Chardé, Smith, Neil, Ahmed, Ahmed, Myatt, John, Shenoy, Ravikiran, Soon, Wai Cheong, Tan, Jessica, Karadia, Sunny, Self, Jame, Durant, Emma, Tripathi, Shiva, Bullock, Clare, Campbell, Debbie, Ghosh, Alison, Hughes, Thoma, Zsisku, Lajo, Bengeri, Sheshagiri, Cowton, Amanda, Khalid, Mohammed Shazad, Limb, Jame, McAdam, Colin, Porritt, Mandy, Rafi, M. Amir, Shekar, Priya, Harden, Catherine, Hollands, Heidi, King, Angela, March, Linda, Minto, Gary, Patrick, Abigail, Waugh, Darren, Kumara, Paramesh, Simeson, Karen, Yarwood, Jamie, Browning, Julie, Hatton, Jonathan, Julian, Howe, Mitra, Atideb, Newton, Maria, Pernu, Pawan, Wilson, Alison, Commey, Thelma, Foot, Helen, Glover, Lyn, Gupta, Ajay, Lancaster, Nicola, Levin, Jill, Mackenzie, Felicity, Mestanza, Claire, Nofal, Emma, Pout, Lauren, Varden, Rosanna, Wild, Jonathan, Jones, Stephanie, Moreton, Sarah, Pulletz, Mark, Davies, Charlotte, Martin, Matthew, Thomas, Sian, Burns, Karen, McArthur, Carol, Patel, Panna, Lau, Gary, Rich, Natalie, Davis, Fiona, Lyons, Rachel, Port, Beth, Prout, Rachel, Smith, Christopher, Adelaja, Yemi, Bennett, Victoria, Bidd, Heena, Dumitrescu, Alexandra, Murphy, Jacqui Fox, Keen, Abigail, Mguni, Nhlanhla, Ong, Cheng, Adams, George, Boshier, Pier, Brown, Richard, Butryn, Izabella, Chatterjee, Jayanta, Freethy, Alexander, Lockwood, Geoffrey, Tsakok, Maria, Tsiligiannis, Sophia, Peat, William, Stephenson, Lorraine, Bradburn, Mike, Pick, Sara, Cunha, Pedro, Olagbaiye, Olufemi, Tayeh, Salim, Abernethy, Caroline, Balasubramaniam, Madhu, Bennett, Rachael, Bolton, David, Martinson, Victoria, Naylor, Charde, Bell, Stephanie, Heather, Blaylock, Kushakovsky, Vlad, Alcock, Liam, Alexander, Hazel, Anderson, Colette, Baker, Paul, Brookes, Morag, Cawthorn, Louise, Cirstea, Emanuel, Colling, Kerry, Coulter, Ian, Das, Suparna, Haigh, Kathryn, Hamdan, Alhafidz, Hugill, Keith, Kottam, Lucksy, Lisseter, Emily, Mawdsley, Matthew, McGivern, Julie, Padala, Krishnaveni, Phelps, Victoria, kumar, Vineshykaa Ramesh, Stewart, Kirsten, Towse, Kayley, Tregonning, Julie, Vahedi, Ali, Walker, Alycon, Baines, Duncan, Bilolikar, Anjali, Chande, Shiv, Copley, Edward, Dunk, Nigel, Kulkarni, Raghavendra, Kumar, Pawan, Metodiev, Yavor, Ncomanzi, Dumisani, Raithatha, Bhavesh, Raymode, Parizade, Szafranski, Jan, Twohey, Linda, Watt, Philip, Weatherall, Lucie, Weatherill, J., Whitman, Zoe, Wighton, Elinor, Abayasinghe, Chamika, Chan, Alexander, Darwish, Sharif, Gill, Jame, Glasgow, Emma, Hadfield, Daniel, Harris, Clair, Kochhar, Arun, Mellis, Clare, Pool, Andrew, Riozzi, Paul, Selman, Andrew, Smith, Emma-Jane, Vele, Liana, Gercek, Yuksel, Guy, Kramer, Holden, Dougla, Watson, Nichola, Whysall, Karen, Andreou, Prematie, Hales, Dawn, Thompson, Jonathan, Bowrey, Sarah, McDonald, Shara, Gilmore, Jemma, Hills, Vicky, Kelly, Chan, Kelly, Sinead, Lloyd, Geraint, Abbott, Tom, Gall, Lewi, Torrance, Hew, Vivian, Mark, Berntsen, Emer, Nolan, Tracey, Turner, Angu, Vohra, Akbar, Brown, Andrew, Clark, Richard, Coughlan, Elaine, Daniel, Conway, Patvardhan, Chinmay, Pearson, Rachel, Predeep, Sheba, Saad, Hesham, Shanmugam, Mohanakrishnan, Varley, Simon, Wylie, Katharine, Cooper, Lucy, Makowski, Arystarch, Misztal, Beata, Moldovan, Eliza, Pegg, Claire, Donovan, Andrew, Foot, Jayne, Large, Simon, Claxton, Andrew, Netke, Bhagyashree, Armstrong, Richard, Calderwood, Claire, Kwok, Andy, Mohr, Otto, Oyeniyi, Peter, Patnaik, Lisa, Post, Benjamin, Ali, Sarah, Arshad, Homa, Baker, Gerard, Brenner, Laura, Brincat, Maximilian, Brunswicker, Annemarie, Cox, Hannah, Cozar, Octavian Ionut, Durst, Alexander, Fengas, Lior, Flatt, Jim, Glister, Georgina, Narwani, Vishal, Photi, Evangelo, Rankin, Adeline, Rosbergen, Melissa, Tan, Mark, Beaton, Ceri, Horn, Rachel, Hunt, Jane, Rousseau, Guy, Stancombe, Lucia, Absar, Mohammed, Allsop, Joanne, Drinkwater, Zoe, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Smith, Kirsty, Brown, Jamie, Alexander-Sefre, Farhad, Campey, Lorraine, Dudgeon, Lucy, Hall, Kathryn, Hitchcock, Rachael, James, Lynne, Smith, Kate, Winstone, Ulrika, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Bauchmuller, Kri, Harrison, Jonathan, Jeffery, Holly, Miller, Duncan, Pinder, Angela, Pothuneedi, Sailaja, Rosser, Jonathan, Sanghera, Sumayer, Swift, Diane, Walker, Rachel, Bester, Delia, Cavanagh, Sarah, Cripps, Heather, Daniel, Harvey, Lynch, Julie, Paton, Alison, Pyke, Shirley, Scholefield, John, Whitworth, Helen, Bottrill, Fiona, Ramalingam, Ganesh, Webb, Stephen, Akerman, Nik, Antill, Philip, Bourner, Lynsey, Buckley, Sarah, Castle, Gail, Charles, Rob, Eggleston, Christopher, Foster, Rebecca, Gill, Satwant, Lindley, Kate, Lklouk, Mohamed, Lowery, Tracey, Martin, Oliver, Milne, David, O’Connor, Patrick, Ratcliffe, Andrew, Rose, Alastair, Smith, Annie, Varma, Sandeep, Ward, Jackie, Barcraft-Barnes, Helena, Camsooksai, Julie, Colvin, Carolyn, Reschreiter, Henrik, Tbaily, Lee, Venner, Nicola, Hamilton, Caroline, Kelly, Lewi, Toth-Tarsoly, Piroska, Dodsworth, Kerry, Foord, Denise, Gordon, Paul, Hawes, Elizabeth, Lamb, Nikki, Mouland, Johanna, Nightingale, Jeremy, Rose, Steve, Schrieber, Joe, Al ‘Amri, Khalid, Aladin, Hafiz, Arshad, Mohammed Asif, Barraclough, Jame, Bentley, Conor, Bergin, Colin, Carrera, Ronald, Clarkson, Aisling, Collins, Michelle, Cooper, Lauren, Denham, Samuel, Griffiths, Ewen, Ip, Peter, Jeyanthan, Somasundaram, Joory, Kavita, Kaur, Satwant, Marriott, Paul, Mitchell, Natalie, Nagaiah, Sukumar, Nilsson, Annette, Parekh, Nilesh, Pope, Martin, Seager, Joseph, Serag, Hosam, Tameem, Alifia, Thomas, Anna, Thunder, Joanne, Torrance, Andrew, Vohra, Ravinder, whitehouse, Arlo, Wong, Tony, Blunt, Mark, Wong, Kate, Giles, Julian, Reed, Isabelle, Weller, Debbie, Bell, Gillian, Birch, Julie, Damant, Rose, Maiden, Jane, Mewies, Clare, Prince, Claire, Radford, Jane, Balain, Birender, Banerjee, Robin, Barnett, Andrew, Burston, Ben, Davies, Kirsty, Edwards, Jayne, Evans, Chri, Ford, David, Gallacher, Pete, Hill, Simon, Jaffray, David, Karlakki, Sudheer, Kelly, Cormac, Kennedy, Julia, Kiely, Nigel, Lewthwaite, Simon, Marquis, Chri, Ockendon, Matthew, Phillips, Stephen, Pickard, Simon, Richardson, Jame, Roach, Richard, Smith, Tony, Spencer-Jones, Richard, Steele, Niall, Steen, Julie, Van Liefland, Marck, White, Steve, Faulds, Matthew, Harris, Meredyth, Kelly, Carrie, Nicol, Scott, Pearson, Sally Anne, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Andrew, Alyson, Attrill, Elizabeth, Campbell, Graham, Datson, Amanda, Fouracres, Anna, Graterol, Juan, Graves, Lynne, Hong, Bosun, Ishimaru, Alexander, Karthikeyan, Arvind, King, Helen, Lawson, Tom, Lee, Gregory, Lyons, Saoirse, Macalister Hall, Andrew, Mathoulin, Sophie, Mcintyre, Eilidh, Mclaughlin, Danny, Mulcahy, Kathleen, Ratcliffe, Anna, Robbins, Jame, Sung, Weilin, Tayo, Adeoluwa, Trembath, Lisa, Venugopal, Suneetha, Walker, Robert, Wigmore, Geoffrey, Boereboom, Catherine, Downes, Charlotte, Humphries, Ryan, Melbourne, Susan, Smith, Coral, Tou, Samson, Ullah, Shafa, Batchelor, Nick, Boxall, Leigh, Broomby, Rupert, Deen, Tariq, Hellewell, Alistair, Helliwell, Laurence, Hutchings, Melanie, Hutchins, David, Keenan, Samantha, Mackie, Donna, Donna, Alison, Smith, France, Stone, Lucy, Thorpe, Kevin, Wassall, Richard, Woodgate, Andrew, Baillie, Shelley, Campbell, Tara, James, Sarah, King, Chri, Marques de Araujo, Daniela, Martin, Daniel, Morkane, Clare, Neely, Julia, Rajendram, Rajkumar, Burton, Megan, James, Kathryn, Keevil, Edward, Minik, Orsolya, Morgan, Jenna, Musgrave, Anna, Rajanna, Harish, Roberts, Tracey, Adamson, Michael, Jumbe, Sandra, Kendall, Jennie, Muthuswamy, Mohan Babu, Anderson, Charlotte, Cruikshanks, Andrew, Wrench, Ian, Zeidan, Lisa, Ardern, Diane, Harris, Benjamin, Hellstrom, Johanna, Martin, Jane, Thomas, Richard, Varsani, Nimu, Wrey Brown, Caroline, Docherty, Philip, Gillies, Michael, McGregor, Euan, Usher, Helen, Craig, Jayne, Smith, Andrew, Ahmad, Tahania, Bodger, Phoebe, Creary, Thai, Fowler, Alexander, Hewson, Ru, Ijuo, Eke, Jones, Timothy, Kantsedikas, Ilya, Lahiri, Sumitra, McLean, Aaron Lawson, Niebrzegowska, Edyta, Phull, Mandeep, Wang, Difei, Wickboldt, Nadine, Baldwin, Jacqueline, Doyle, Donna, Mcmullan, Sean, Oladapo, Michelle, Owen, Thoma, Williams, Alexandra, Daniel, Hull, Gregory, Peter, Husain, Tauqeer, Kirk-Bayley, Justin, Mathers, Edward, Montague, Laura, White, Stuart, Avis, Joanne, Cook, Tim, Dali-Kemmery, Lola, Kerslake, Ian, Lambourne, Victoria, Pearson, Annabel, Boyd, Christine, Callaghan, Mark, Lawson, Cathy, McCrossan, Roopa, Nesbitt, Vanessa, O’connor, Laura, Scott, Julia, Sinclair, Rhona, Farid, Nahla, Morgese, Ciro, Bhatia, Kailash, Karmarkar, Swati, Ahmed, Jamil, Branagan, Graham, Hutton, Monica, Swain, Andrew, Brookes, Jamie, Cornell, Jonathan, Dolan, Rachael, Hulme, Jonathan, Jansen van Vuuren, Amanda, Jowitt, Tom, Kalashetty, Gunasheela, Lloyd, Fran, Patel, Kiran, Sherwood, Nichola, Brown, Lynne, Chandler, Ben, Deighton, Kerry, Emma, Temlett, Haunch, Kirsty, Cheeseman, Michelle, Dent, Kathy, Garg, Sanjeev, Gray, Carol, Hood, Marion, Jones, Dawn, Juj, Joanne, Rao, Roshan, Walker, Tara, Al Anizi, Mashel, Cheah, Clarissa, Cheing, Yushio, Coutinho, Francisco, Gondo, Prisca, Hadebe, Bernard, Onie Hove, Mazvangu, khader, Ahamed, Krishnachetty, Bobby, Rhodes, Karen, Sokhi, Jagdish, Baker, Katie-Anne, Bertram, Wendy, Looseley, Alex, Mouton, Ronelle, Arnold, Glenn, Arya, Shobhit, Balfoussia, Danai, Baxter, Linden, Harris, Jame, Jones, Craig, Knaggs, Alison, Markar, Sheraz, Perera, Anisha, Scott, Alasdair, Shida, Asako, Sirha, Ravneet, Wright, Sally, Frost, Victoria, Gray, Catherine, MacGregor, Mark, Andrews, Emma, Arrandale, Lindsay, Barrett, Stephen, Cifra, Elna, Cooper, Mariese, Dragnea, Drago, Elna, Cifra, Maclean, Jennifer, Meier, Sonja, Milliken, Donald, Munns, Christopher, Ratanshi, Nadir, Salvana, Abegail, Watson, Anthony, Ali, Hani, Campbell, Gill, Critchley, Rebecca, Hicks, Catherine, Liddle, Alison, Pass, Marc, Ritchie, Charlotte, Thomas, Charlotte, Too, Lingxi, Welsh, Sarah, Gill, Talvinder, Johnson, Joanne, Reed, Joanne, Davis, Edward, Papadopoullos, Sam, Attwood, Clare, Biffen, Andrew, Boulton, Kerenza, Gray, Sophie, Hay, David, Mills, Sarah, Montgomery, Jane, Riddell, Rory, Simpson, Jame, Bhardwaj, Neeraj, Paul, Elaine, Uwubamwen, Nosakhare, Alexander, Maini, Arrich, Jame, Arumugam, Swarna, Blackwood, Dougla, Boggiano, Victoria, Brown, Robyn, Lam Chan, Yik, Chatterjee, Devnandan, Chhabra, Ashok, Christian, Rachel, Costelloe, Hannah, Coxwell Matthewman, Madeline, Dalton, Emma, Darko, Julia, Davari, Maria, Dave, Tejal, Deacon, Matthew, Deepak, Shantal, Edmond, Holly, Ellis, Jessica, El-Sayed, Ahmed, Eneje, Philip, English, Rose, Ewe, Renee, Foers, William, Franklin, John, Gallego, Laura, Garrett, Emily, Goldberg, Olivia, Goss, Harry, Greaves, Rosanna, Harris, Rudy, Hennings, Charle, Jones, Eleanor, Kamali, Nelson, Kokkinos, Naomi, Lewis, Cary, Lignos, Leda, Malgapo, Evaleen Victoria, Malik, Rizwana, Milne, Andrew, Mulligan, John-Patrick, Nicklin, Philippa, Palipane, Natasha, Parsons, Thoma, Piper, Rebecca, Prakash, Rohan, Ramesh, Byron, Rasip, Sarah, Reading, Jacob, Rela, Mariam, Reyes, Anna, Robert, Stephen, Rooms, Martin, Shah, Karishma, Simons, Henry, Solanki, Shalil, Spowart, Emma, Stevens, Amy, Thomas, Christopher, Waggett, Helena, Yassaee, Arrash, Kennedy, Anthony, Scott, Sara, Somanath, Sameer, Berg, Andrew, Hernandez, Miguel, Nanda, Rajesh, Tank, Ghanshyambhai, Wilson, Natalie, Wilson, Debbie, Al-Soudaine, Yassr, Baldwin, Matthew, Cornish, Julie, Davies, Zoe, Davies, Leigh, Edwards, Marc, Frewer, Natasha, Gallard, Sian, Glasbey, Jame, Harries, Rhiannon, Hopkins, Luke, Kim, Taeyang, Koompirochana, Vilavan, Lawson, Simon, Lewis, Megan, Makzal, Zaid, Scourfield, Sarah, Ahmad, Yousra, Bates, Sarah, Blackwell, Clare, Bryant, Helen, Coulter, Suzanne, Cruickshank, Ro, Daniel, Sonya, Daubeny, Thoma, Edwards, Mark, Golder, Kim, Hawkins, Lesley, Helen, Bryant, Hinxman, Honor, Levett, Denny, Skinner, Ben, Walsgrove, Joseph, Dickson, Jane, Constantin, Kathryn, Karen, Markwell, O’Brien, Peter, O’Donohoe, Lynn, Payne, Hannah, Sundayi, Saul, Walker, Elaine, Brooke, Jenny, Cardy, Jon, Humphreys, Sally, Kessack, Laura, Kubitzek, Christiane, Kumar, Suha, Cotterill, Donna, Hodzovic, Emil, Hosdurga, Gurunath, Miles, Edward, Saunders, Glenn, Campbell, Marta, Chan, Peter, Jemmett, Kim, Raj, Ashok, Naik, Aditi, Ramamoorthy, Rajarajan, Shah, Nimesh, Sylvan, Axel, Blyth, Katharine, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Freeman, David, Johnson, Emily, Lo, Philip, Martin, Terry, Plunkett, Emma, Wollaston, Julie, Allison, Joanna, Carroll, Christine, Craw, Nichola, Craw, Sarah, Pitt-Kerby, Tressy, Rowland-Axe, Rebecca, Spurdle, Katie, McDonald, Andrew, Simon, Davie, Sinha, Vivek, Smith, Thoma, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Boone, Myle, Campbell, Kathleen, Lu, Fengxin, Scannell, Joseph, Sobol, Julia, Balajonda, Naraida, Clemmons, Karen, Conde, Carlo, Funk, Bonita, Hall, Roger, Hopkins, Thoma, Olaleye, Omowunmi, Omer, Omer, Pender, Michelle, Porto, Angelo, Stevens, Alice, Waweru, Peter, Yeh, Erlinda, Bodansky, Daniella, Evans, Adam, Kleopoulos, Steven, Maril, Robert, Mathney, Edward, Sanchez, Angela, Tinuoye, Elizabeth, Bateman, Brian, Eng, Kristen, Jiang, Ning, Ladha, Karim, Needleman, Joseph, Chen, Lee-lynn, Lane, Rondall, Robinowitz, David, Ghushe, Neil, Irshad, Mariam, Patel, Samir, Takemoto, Steven, Wallace, Art, Mazzeffi, Michael, Rock, Peter, Wallace, Karin, Zhu, Xiaomao, Chua, 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Subjects: Male, HSJ UCI, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, law.invention, Perioperative Care/methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Surgical procedures, 030202 anesthesiology, law, Critical care/utilisation, Postoperative care/methods, Postoperative care/statistics and numerical data, Surgical procedures, operative/mortality, statistics and numerical data, Prospective Studies, Postoperative Period, Postoperative care/methods, education.field_of_study, Postoperative care/method, Elective Surgical Procedures/mortality, fluid output, Middle Aged, fluid administration, Intensive care unit, Hospitalization, Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data, operative/mortality, Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data, outcome, Female, Elective Surgical Procedure, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic Model, Postoperative care/statistics and numerical data, Critical care/utilisation, Population, Intensive Care Unit, Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data, Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Logistic Models, Surgical procedures, operative/mortality, Postoperative care, methods, Perioperative Care, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Anesthesiology, Intensive care, medicine, Elective surgery, Intensive care medicine, education, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Perioperative, Length of Stay, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, septic shock, business
Abstract: PURPOSE: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there is a need to define optimal levels of perioperative care. Our aim was to describe the relationship between the provision and use of critical care resources and postoperative mortality. METHODS: Planned analysis of data collected during an international 7-day cohort study of adults undergoing elective in-patient surgery. We used risk-adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression models to evaluate the association between admission to critical care immediately after surgery and in-hospital mortality. We evaluated hospital-level associations between mortality and critical care admission immediately after surgery, critical care admission to treat life-threatening complications, and hospital provision of critical care beds. We evaluated the effect of national income using interaction tests. RESULTS: 44,814 patients from 474 hospitals in 27 countries were available for analysis. Death was more frequent amongst patients admitted directly to critical care after surgery (critical care: 103/4317 patients [2%], standard ward: 99/39,566 patients [0.3%]; adjusted OR 3.01 [2.10-5.21]; p < 0.001). This association may differ with national income (high income countries OR 2.50 vs. low and middle income countries OR 4.68; p = 0.07). At hospital level, there was no association between mortality and critical care admission directly after surgery (p = 0.26), critical care admission to treat complications (p = 0.33), or provision of critical care beds (p = 0.70). Findings of the hospital-level analyses were not affected by national income status. A sensitivity analysis including only high-risk patients yielded similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify any survival benefit from critical care admission following surgery. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2017

42. Yesterday heroes, today plague doctors: the dark side of celebration

Author: Giacomo Grasselli, Luca Cabrini, and Maurizio Cecconi
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Letter, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pain medicine, Health Personnel, Pneumonia, Viral, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Plague (disease), Betacoronavirus, Anesthesiology, Risk Factors, Physicians, Medicine, Humans, Pandemics, biology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Yesterday, biology.organism_classification, Family medicine, business, Coronavirus Infections, Prejudice
Published: 2020

43. Post-Intensive Care Syndrome

Author: Alberto Zangrillo, Carlo Leggieri, Luca Cabrini, Margherita Tozzi, and Giovanni Landoni
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, MEDLINE, Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, Post-intensive care syndrome
Published: 2020

44. Correction to: Tracheal intubation in critically ill patients: a comprehensive systematic review of randomized trials

Author: Cézar Daniel Snak de Souza, Rinaldo Bellomo, Luca Cabrini, Carmine D. Votta, Alessandro Putzu, Omar A. Saleh, Evgeny Fominskiy, Alberto Zangrillo, Massimo Antonelli, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Paolo Pelosi, Giovanni Landoni, Cabrini, Luca, Landoni, Giovanni, Baiardo Redaelli, Martina, Saleh, Omar, Votta, Carmine D, Fominskiy, Evgeny, Putzu, Alessandro, de Souza, Cézar Daniel Snak, Antonelli, Massimo, Bellomo, Rinaldo, Pelosi, Paolo, Zangrillo, Alberto, and University of Zurich
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 610 Medicine & health, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 11171 Cardiocentro Ticino, law.invention, Videolaryngoscopy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine, Intensive care unit, Critically ill, Intensive care medicine, Emergency department, business.industry, Published Erratum, Tracheal intubation, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, lcsh:RC86-88.9, High flow nasal cannula, 2706 Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, business
Abstract: In the publication of this article [1], there was an error in a contributors Family Name. This has now been updated in the original article.
Published: 2019

45. Early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Author: David Pilcher, Andrew A. Udy, Paul J Young, Simone Pappacena, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Rinaldo Bellomo, Michael Bailey, Pappacena, Simone, Bailey, Michael, Cabrini, Luca, Landoni, Giovanni, Udy, Andrew, Pilcher, David V, Young, Paul, and Bellomo, Rinaldo
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, endocrine system diseases, Brain injuries, law.invention, traumatic, Diabetes mellitus, 0302 clinical medicine, 030202 anesthesiology, law, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Hospital Mortality, Brain injuries, traumatic, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Mortality rate, Middle Aged, Intensive care unit, Treatment Outcome, Female, Adult, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Critical Care, Traumatic brain injury, Population, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Anesthesiology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, education, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Glycemic, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are the most common causes of severe acute brain injury in younger Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Dysglycemia (abnormal peak glycemia, glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia) is common in these patients but its comparative outcome associations are unclear. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional, study of adults admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs with TBI and SAH from 2005 to 2015, we studied the relationship between multiple aspects of early (first 24 hours) dysglycemia and mortality and compared TBI and SAH patients with the general ICU population and with each other. RESULTS: Among 670,301 patients, 11,812 had TBI and 6,098 had SAH. After adjustment for illness severity, we found that the mortality rate increased with each quintile of glycemia for each aspect of early dysglycemia (peak glycemia, glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia; P
Published: 2019

46. Awake Fiberoptic Intubation Protocols in the Operating Room for Anticipated Difficult Airway: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Author: Massimiliano Sorbello, Margherita Pintaudi, Martina Filippini, Evgeny Fominskiy, Giovanni Landoni, Carmine D. Votta, Alessandro Putzu, Lorenzo Ball, M Baiardo Redaelli, Luca Cabrini, Paolo Pelosi, Alberto Zangrillo, Massimo Antonelli, University of Zurich, Pelosi, Paolo, Cabrini, Luca, Redaelli, Martina Baiardo, Ball, Lorenzo, Filippini, Martina, Fominskiy, Evgeny, Pintaudi, Margherita, Putzu, Alessandro, Votta, Carmine D, Sorbello, Massimiliano, Antonelli, Massimo, Landoni, Giovanni, and Zangrillo, Alberto
Subjects: Risk, Operating Rooms, Midazolam, Sedation, medicine.medical_treatment, Remifentanil, 610 Medicine & health, Opioid, 11171 Cardiocentro Ticino, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Protocols, Randomized controlled trial, 030202 anesthesiology, law, Settore MED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIA, Intubation, Intratracheal, medicine, Fiber Optic Technology, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Intubation, Anesthesia, Local anesthesia, Wakefulness, Dexmedetomidine, Propofol, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Analgesics, Analgesics, Opioid, Anesthesia, Local, Patient Safety, Treatment Outcome, business.industry, Intratracheal, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Local, Premedication, 2703 Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Awake fiberoptic intubation is one of the recommended strategies for surgical patients with anticipated difficult airway, especially when concurrent difficult ventilation is expected. We performed the first systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing different protocols for awake fiberoptic intubation in anticipated difficult airway, including studies investigating elective awake fiberoptic intubation for scheduled surgery; randomized controlled trials comparing different methods for performing awake fiberoptic intubation; and adult patients with anticipated difficult airway. We excluded studies in the nonoperating theater settings, randomized controlled trials comparing awake fiberoptic intubation with other techniques, and studies based on simulation. Primary outcomes were success rate and death; secondary outcomes were major adverse events. Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials evaluating 2045 patients and 4 areas were identified: premedication, local anesthesia, sedation, and ancillary techniques to facilitate awake fiberoptic intubation. Quality of evidence was moderate-low and based on small-sampled randomized controlled trials. Overall, 12 of 2045 intubation failures (0.59%) and 7 of 2045 severe adverse events (0.34%) occurred, with no permanent consequences or death. All evaluated methods to achieve local anesthesia performed similarly well. No differences were observed in success rate with different sedatives. Dexmedetomidine resulted in fewer desaturation episodes compared to propofol and opioids with or without midazolam (relative risk, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.28-0.95]; P = .03); occurrence of desaturation was similar with remifentanil versus propofol, while incidence of apnoea was lower with sevoflurane versus propofol (relative risk, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.22-0.81]; P = .01). A high degree of efficacy and safety was observed with minimal differences among different protocols; dexmedetomidine might offer a better safety profile compared to other sedatives.
Published: 2019

47. Systematic review and consensus definitions for the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) initiative : infection and sepsis

Author: Jonathan Barnes, Jennifer Hunter, Steve Harris, Manu Shankar-Hari, Elisabeth Diouf, Ib Jammer, Cor Kalkman, Andrew A. Klein, Tomas Corcoran, Stefan Dieleman, Michael P.W. Grocott, Michael G. Mythen, Paul Myles, Tang Joon Gan, Andrea Kurz, Phil Peyton, Dan Sessler, Martin Tramèr, Alan Cyna, Gildasio S. De Oliveira, Christopher Wu, Mark Jensen, Henrik Kehlet, Mari Botti, Oliver Boney, Guy Haller, Mike Grocott, Tim Cook, Lee Fleisher, Mark Neuman, David Story, Russell Gruen, Sam Bampoe, Lis Evered, David Scott, Brendan Silbert, Diederik van Dijk, Matthew Chan, Hilary Grocott, Rod Eckenhoff, Lars Rasmussen, Lars Eriksson, Scott Beattie, Duminda Wijeysundera, Giovanni Landoni, Kate Leslie, Bruce Biccard, Simon Howell, Peter Nagele, Toby Richards, Andre Lamy, Manoj Lalu, Rupert Pearse, Monty Mythen, Jaume Canet, Ann Moller, Tony Gin, Marcus Schultz, Paolo Pelosi, Marcelo Gabreu, Emmanuel Futier, Ben Creagh-Brown, Alexander Fowler, Tom Abbott, Andy Klein, David James Cooper, David McIlroy, Rinaldo Bellomo, Andrew Shaw, John Prowle, Keyvan Karkouti, Josh Billings, David Mazer, Mohindas Jayarajah, Michael Murphy, Justyna Bartoszko, Rob Sneyd, Steve Morris, Ron George, Ramani Moonesinghe, Mark Shulman, Meghan Lane-Fall, Ulrica Nilsson, Nathalie Stevenson, Jamie (DJ) Cooper, Wilton van Klei, Luca Cabrini, Tim Miller, Nathan Pace, Sandy Jackson, Donal Buggy, Tim Short, Bernhard Riedel, Vijay Gottumukkala, Bilal Alkhaffaf, Mark Johnson, Intensive Care Medicine, AII - Infectious diseases, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, ACS - Microcirculation, Tramer, Martin, and Haller, Guy Serge Antoine
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Delphi Technique, Endpoint Determination, Delphi method, perioperative medicine, Perioperative Care/standards, postoperative outcome, Surgical Wound Infection/therapy, Postoperative outcome, Perioperative Care, Sepsis, Perioperative medicine, sepsis, Core outcome measures, Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy, core outcome measures, infection, standardised endpoints, surgical site infection, Humans, Infection, Respiratory Tract Infections, Surgical Wound Infection, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesiology, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Endpoint Determination/standards, medicine, Attention, Standardised endpoints, Intensive care medicine, Infections/therapy, ddc:617, business.industry, Sepsis/therapy, Perioperative, anaesthesia, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Clinical research, Quality and Patient Safety, business, Surgical site infection
Abstract: Background: Perioperative infection and sepsis are of fundamental concern to perioperative clinicians. However, standardised endpoints are either poorly defined or not routinely implemented. The Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) initiative was established to derive a set of standardised endpoints for use in perioperative clinical trials.Methods: We undertook a systematic review to identify measures of infection and sepsis used in the perioperative literature. A multi-round Delphi consensus process that included more than 60 clinician researchers was then used to refine a recommended list of outcome measures.Results: A literature search yielded 1857 titles of which 255 met inclusion criteria for endpoint extraction. A long list of endpoints, with definitions and timescales, was generated and those potentially relevant to infection and sepsis circulated to the theme subgroup and then the wider StEP-COMPAC working group, undergoing a three-stage Delphi process. The response rates for Delphi rounds 1, 3, and 3 were 89% (n=8), 67% (n=62), and 80% (n=8), respectively. A set of 13 endpoints including fever, surgical site, and organ-specific infections as defined by the US Centres for Disease Control and Sepsis-3 are proposed for future use.Conclusions: We defined a consensus list of standardised endpoints related to infection and sepsis for perioperative trials using an established and rigorous approach. Each endpoint was evaluated with respect to validity, reliability, feasibility, and patient centredness. One or more of these should be considered for inclusion in future perioperative clinical trials assessing infection, sepsis, or both, thereby permitting synthesis and comparison of future results.
Published: 2019

48. A Systematic Review and International Web-Based Survey of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Perioperative and Critical Care Setting: Interventions Increasing Mortality

Author: Francesco Corradi, Massimiliano Conte, L A Hajjar, Mario Musu, Simona Silvetti, Alberto Zangrillo, Daniela Pasero, Salvatore Sardo, Gordana Gazivoda, Luca Severi, Rosetta Lobreglio, Paolo Mura, Chiara Sartini, G Mancino, Marina Pieri, Nikola Bradic, Andrey Yavorovskiy, Chew Yin Wang, Claudia Brusasco, Alessandro Belletti, CY Yong, Juan Carlos Lopez-Delgado, Agostino Roasio, Claudio Riefolo, Maxim Novikov, Emanuela Saporito, Simona Tamà, M Baiardo Redaelli, Gabriele Alvaro, Laura Ruggeri, Savino Spadaro, Rosalba Lembo, D Di Fraja, Chengbin Wang, Luca Cabrini, Fabrizio Monaco, Hynek Riha, Carmine D. Votta, Giovanni Landoni, Vladimir N. Lomivorotov, Laura Pasin, Evgeniy V. Fominskiy, Valery Likhvantsev, Rinaldo Bellomo, Alessandro Ortalda, D Avancini, Gianluca Paternoster, Antonio Pisano, A D'Amico, Sartini, Chiara, Lomivorotov, Vladimir, Pisano, Antonio, Riha, Hynek, Baiardo Redaelli, Martina, Lopez-Delgado, Juan Carlo, Pieri, Marina, Hajjar, Ludhmila, Fominskiy, Evgeny, Likhvantsev, Valery, Cabrini, Luca, Bradic, Nikola, Avancini, Daniele, Wang, Chew Yin, Lembo, Rosalba, Novikov, Maxim, Paternoster, Gianluca, Gazivoda, Gordana, Alvaro, Gabriele, Roasio, Agostino, Wang, Chengbin, Severi, Luca, Pasin, Laura, Mura, Paolo, Musu, Mario, Silvetti, Simona, Votta, Carmine Domenico, Belletti, Alessandro, Corradi, Francesco, Brusasco, Claudia, Tamà, Simona, Ruggeri, Laura, Yong, Chow-Yen, Pasero, Daniela, Mancino, Giuseppe, Spadaro, Savino, Conte, Massimiliano, Lobreglio, Rosetta, Di Fraja, Diana, Saporito, Emanuela, D'Amico, Alessandro, Sardo, Salvatore, Ortalda, Alessandro, Yavorovskiy, Andrey, Riefolo, Claudio, Monaco, Fabrizio, Bellomo, Rinaldo, Zangrillo, Alberto, and Landoni, Giovanni
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Care, consensus conference, critically ill, Critical Illness, Psychological intervention, anesthesia, Perioperative Care, law.invention, NO, Care setting, Randomized controlled trial, law, Physicians, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, perioperative, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Mortality, Intensive care medicine, Web based survey, democracy-based medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, mortality, Internet, anesthesia, consensus conference, critically ill, democracy-based medicine, mortality, perioperative, business.industry, Perioperative, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Objective: Reducing mortality is a key target in critical care and perioperative medicine. The authors aimed to identify all nonsurgical interventions (drugs, techniques, strategies) shown by randomized trials to increase mortality in these clinical settings. Design: A systematic review of the literature followed by a consensus-based voting process. Setting: A web-based international consensus conference. Participants: Two hundred fifty-one physicians from 46 countries. Interventions: The authors performed a systematic literature search and identified all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showing a significant increase in unadjusted landmark mortality among surgical or critically ill patients. The authors reviewed such studies during a meeting by a core group of experts. Studies selected after such review advanced to web-based voting by clinicians in relation to agreement, clinical practice, and willingness to include each intervention in international guidelines. Measurements and main results: The authors selected 12 RCTs dealing with 12 interventions increasing mortality: diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin (92% of agreement among web voters), overfeeding, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in septic shock, human growth hormone, thyroxin in acute kidney injury, intravenous salbutamol in acute respiratory distress syndrome, plasma- derived protein C concentrate, aprotinin in high-risk cardiac surgery, cysteine prodrug, hypothermia in meningitis, methylprednisolone in traumatic brain injury, and albumin in traumatic brain injury (72% of agreement). Overall, a high consistency (ranging from 80% to 90%) between agreement and clinical practice was observed. Conclusion: The authors identified 12 clinical interventions showing increased mortality supported by randomized controlled trials with nonconflicting evidence, and wide agreement upon clinicians on a global scale.
Published: 2019

49. A Systematic Review and International Web-Based Survey of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Perioperative and Critical Care Setting: Interventions Reducing Mortality

Author: Francesco Corradi, Valery Likhvantsev, Maxim Novikov, Alessandro Belletti, Agostino Roasio, Giovanni Landoni, Massimiliano Conte, Nikola Bradic, Vladimir V. Lomivorotov, Alessandro D'Amico, Juan Carlos Lopez-Delgado, Luca Severi, Mario Musu, Claudio Riefolo, Antonio Pisano, Diana Di Fraja, Gabriele Alvaro, Simona Tamà, Savino Spadaro, Salvatore Sardo, Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar, Daniele Avancini, Simona Silvetti, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Gianluca Paternoster, Chengbin Wang, Luca Cabrini, Andrey Yavorovskiy, Chew Yin Wang, Claudia Brusasco, Evgeny Fominskiy, Chow-Yen Yong, Daniela Pasero, Rinaldo Bellomo, Gordana Gazivoda, Hynek Riha, Rosetta Lobreglio, Alessandro Ortalda, Fabrizio Monaco, Carmine D. Votta, Laura Ruggeri, Rosalba Lembo, Laura Pasin, Chiara Sartini, Alberto Zangrillo, Paolo Mura, Emanuela Saporito, Giuseppe Mancino, Marina Pieri, Sartini, Chiara, Lomivorotov, Vladimir, Pieri, Marina, Delgado, Juan Carlos Lopez, Baiardo Redaelli, Martina, Hajjar, Ludhmila, Pisano, Antonio, Likhvantsev, Valery, Fominskiy, Evgeny, Bradic, Nikola, Cabrini, Luca, Novikov, Maxim, Avancini, Daniele, Riha, Hynek, Lembo, Rosalba, Gazivoda, Gordana, Paternoster, Gianluca, Wang, Chengbin, Tamà, Simona, Alvaro, Gabriele, Wang, Chew Yin, Roasio, Agostino, Ruggeri, Laura, Yong, Chow-Yen, Pasero, Daniela, Severi, Luca, Pasin, Laura, Mancino, Giuseppe, Mura, Paolo, Musu, Mario, Spadaro, Savino, Conte, Massimiliano, Lobreglio, Rosetta, Silvetti, Simona, Votta, Carmine Domenico, Belletti, Alessandro, Di Fraja, Diana, Corradi, Francesco, Brusasco, Claudia, Saporito, Emanuela, D'Amico, Alessandro, Sardo, Salvatore, Ortalda, Alessandro, Riefolo, Claudio, Fabrizio, Monaco, Zangrillo, Alberto, Bellomo, Rinaldo, and Landoni, Giovanni
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Care, consensus conference, Critical Illness, critically ill, Psychological intervention, Specialty, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, anesthesia, survival, law.invention, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, 030202 anesthesiology, law, Physicians, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intensive care, Anesthesiology, Humans, Medicine, perioperative, Intensive care medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, democracy-based medicine, intensive care, Internet, anesthesia, consensus conference, critically ill, democracy-based medicine, intensive care, mortality, perioperative, survival, business.industry, mortality, Perioperative, Intensive care unit, Clinical trial, Intensive Care Units, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: The authors aimed to identify interventions documented by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reduce mortality in adult critically ill and perioperative patients, followed by a survey of clinicians' opinions and routine practices to understand the clinicians' response to such evidence. The authors performed a comprehensive literature review to identify all topics reported to reduce mortality in perioperative and critical care settings according to at least 2 RCTs or to a multicenter RCT or to a single-center RCT plus guidelines. The authors generated position statements that were voted on online by physicians worldwide for agreement, use, and willingness to include in international guidelines. From 262 RCT manuscripts reporting mortality differences in the perioperative and critically ill settings, the authors selected 27 drugs, techniques, and strategies (66 RCTs, most frequently published by the New England Journal of Medicine [13 papers], Lancet [7], and Journal of the American Medical Association [5]) with an agreement ≥67% from over 250 physicians (46 countries). Noninvasive ventilation was the intervention supported by the largest number of RCTs (n = 13). The concordance between agreement and use (a positive answer both to "do you agree" and "do you use") showed differences between Western and other countries and between anesthesiologists and intensive care unit physicians. The authors identified 27 clinical interventions with randomized evidence of survival benefit and strong clinician support in support of their potential life-saving properties in perioperative and critically ill patients with noninvasive ventilation having the highest level of support. However, clinician views appear affected by specialty and geographical location.
Published: 2019

50. Non-invAsive VentIlation for early General wArd respiraTory failurE (NAVIGATE): A multicenter randomized controlled study. Protocol and statistical analysis plan

Author: Elio Antonucci, Sergio Colombo, Giulia Maj, Francesco Corradi, Rinaldo Bellomo, Giuseppe Ponzetta, Luigi Olper, Marco Gemma, Claudia Brusasco, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Sofia Ananiadou, Lorenzo Ferrara, Alessandro Belletti, Agostino Roasio, Luca Cabrini, Matteo Filippini, Pasquale Nardelli, Luca Severi, Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar, Giuseppe Giardina, Marco Lattuada, Alberto Zangrillo, Sarah Sophia Michelle Cavallero, Giacomo Monti, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Umberto Benedetto, Virginia Cotticelli, Giovanni Landoni, Cabrini, Luca, Brusasco, Claudia, Roasio, Agostino, Corradi, Francesco, Nardelli, Pasquale, Filippini, Matteo, Cotticelli, Virginia, Belletti, Alessandro, Ferrara, Lorenzo, Antonucci, Elio, Redaelli, Martina Baiardo, Lattuada, Marco, Colombo, Sergio, Olper, Luigi, Ponzetta, Giuseppe, Ananiadou, Sofia, Monti, Giacomo, Severi, Luca, Maj, Giulia, Giardina, Giuseppe, Zoccai, Giuseppe Biondi, Benedetto, Umberto, Gemma, Marco, Cavallero, Sarah Sophia Michelle, Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahao, Zangrillo, Alberto, Bellomo, Rinaldo, and Landoni, Giovanni
Subjects: Research design, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Psychological intervention, Comorbidity, Acute respiratory failure, law.invention, Tertiary Care Centers, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Sex Factors, Randomized controlled trial, law, Multicenter trial, Clinical endpoint, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, Young adult, Aged, ARF, NIV, Non-invasive ventilation, 030505 public health, Noninvasive Ventilation, business.industry, Age Factors, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Respiratory failure, Research Design, Emergency medicine, Acute Disease, Disease Progression, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Respiratory Insufficiency
Abstract: ObjectiveFew randomized trials have evaluated the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for early acute respiratory failure (ARF) in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that early NIV for mild-moderate ARF in non-ICU wards can prevent development of severe ARF.DesignPragmatic, parallel group, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial.SettingNon-intensive care wards of tertiary centers.PatientsNon-ICU ward patients with mild to moderate ARF without an established indication for NIV.InterventionsPatients will be randomized to receive or not receive NIV in addition to best available care.Measurements and main resultsWe will enroll 520 patients, 260 in each group. The primary endpoint of the study will be the development of severe ARF. Secondary endpoints will be 28-day mortality, length of hospital stay, safety of NIV in non-ICU environments, and a composite endpoint of all in-hospital respiratory complications.ConclusionsThis trial will help determine whether the early use of NIV in non-ICU wards can prevent progression from mild-moderate ARF to severe ARF.
Published: 2019

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