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Children are unique humans and experience varied development even though they are of the same gene or the same sex but grow and develop according to their respective characteristics. Of course, this condition also demands adjustments in providing appropriate and varied stimuli and responses. This study aims to observe the growth and development of children to explore the growth and development of children and see the reactions generated by children if given a specific stimulus. This research method uses longitudinal case studies. The respondents of this study were three children. The study found that children's cognitive, psychosocial and moral development can be developed by conditioning the child and the child's environment. Children's health and a conducive environment play an essential role in determining children's growth and development. Maternal health and parental cooperation also determine the growth and development of the child.

This study investigates the influence of coping strategies (problem-solving, emotion-focused, purpose-oriented) on academic resilience, considering gender and domicile differences. By analyzing data from 398 Indonesian students using MGA PLS-SEM, the study confirms satisfactory validity and reliability of the measurement models. The results reveal significant relationships between coping strategies and academic resilience. The study contributes to understanding the interplay between coping strategies and academic resilience across diverse groups, informing the development of targeted interventions and support systems for student well-being and success.

The study of language and literature today are inseparable. Unfortunately, the phenomenon of Indonesian learning in junior high schools is in a hesitant position due to the lack of formulating literature as teaching material including indigenous wisdom-based literature that can threaten the extinction of indigenous literature. At Buru Island, literature learning is integrated into Indonesian subjects, but the teachers there are more focused on teaching language using general literature rather than indigenous wisdom literature. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the situation and needs analysis of the indigenous wisdom-based literature in teaching Indonesian language at Buru Island. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers employed Research and Development (R&D) applying Borg and Gall's steps. This method has certain procedures for the information collecting data related to the situation and needs analysis of 350 junior high school students through questionnaire distribution, interview, and observation toward the process of Indonesian teaching in the classroom. The situation of learning literature in the study involved (1) the law of local content learning, (2) curriculum, (3) syllabus, (4) lesson plan, (5) coursebooks, (6) teachers' competence, and (7) stakeholders' concerns, while, the students' need analysis involved (1) current ability and interest in literature, (2) feedback of students' ability and interest in literature, (3) literature skills priority, (4) learning style, (5) literature learning facilities and infrastructure, (6) literature materials on indigenous wisdom, (7) coursebook of indigenous wisdom-based literature, and (8) learning approaches and strategies based on indigenous wisdom. The result shows that there were still many shortages in implementing of indigenous wisdom-based literature learning in junior high schools, so students' ability and interest were lack. Therefore, the situation and need analysis becomes very important to be explored and to be a consideration in designing course books in indigenous wisdom-based literature for the future.

This research aims to explore the paradigm of applying learning by doing to create active learning in Islamic education. A combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods was used in this study. Data collection begins with qualitative data and continues with quantitative data. This flow is also known as exploratory sequential design. The study's findings indicate that the use of learning by doing in Islamic education creates a supportive and adaptable learning environment where students can develop their critical thinking, collaboration and communication skills through firsthand experience and other people's teachings. Second, learning by doing has a positive influence on students in Islamic education. The findings of the quantitative data analysis in the test (paired sample t-test) demonstrate a substantial difference between the results before and after implementing learning by doing performance-based learning. The degrees of freedom (dk), the magnitude of which is N-1 as well as 40-1 = 39 are the basis for determining the value of the t-table. The value of degrees of freedom 39 at a significant level of 5% is obtained by t-table 1.684. The results can be obtained with a count greater than the t-table namely 16,701 > 1,684and Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05 based on the results of the analysis of the t-test (paired sample t-test). So, it can be concluded that learning by doing can improve the ability to think creatively, logically, systematically and critically.

Thalassemia is a severe genetic blood disorder, and several organs, including eyes, can be affected. The mechanism of ocular abnormalities in thalassemia is multifactorial; one of them is regular blood transfusion, which can cause iron overload. Ocular abnormalities can also occur because of the side effects of iron chelators. This study evaluated ocular involvement in children with Beta-thalassemia major and its association with serum ferritin levels.

Checking the identity of motorcycle owners when leaving the college area is a mandatory activity for security officers to ensure that vehicles entering and exiting the college are the same driver. The conventional checking process often causes the impact of vehicle queues when the volume of vehicles increases. Therefore, an intelligent system is needed to detect multi-plate vehicles automatically. One approach in the world of image detection of an object is the use of the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm. This algorithm predicts bounding boxes and possible classes in a single frame. This research divides objects into 3 classes, namely vehicles, driver's faces, and vehicle plates. The dataset used was 74 varied images consisting of 50 training data, 12 validation data and 12 testing data. The image was trained using 300 epochs and a batch size of 8 and resulted in an F1 score calculation for detecting objects reaching 92%.

Abstract E-governance has become a crucial element in transforming government institutions globally. In the digital era, governments are increasingly adopting information and communication technology (ICT) to improve efficiency, transparency, and public participation in decision-making processes. This article conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of studies from 2018 to 2023, examining the intersection between e-governance and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through a rigorous inclusion and exclusion process, 52 articles were identified, focusing on the relationship between e-governance and SDGs. This study aims to highlight critical trends and knowledge gaps in the current literature and offers insights into how e-governance can contribute to achieving SDGs. Additionally, it provides policy recommendations and suggests future research directions to enhance governance practices. While this research significantly advances understanding of e-governance’s role in sustainable development, it is limited by its reliance on a single database and narrow search terms, which may constrain the comprehensiveness of the findings. Expanding the scope of future research to include multiple databases and broader search terms is recommended to provide a more holistic view of the field.

Belawan is a coastal area located in Medan Belawan District, North Sumatra Province. The aim of the research is to determine the feasibility status of the study location if it is developed as a location for floating net cages (KJA). The research was carried out in the sea waters of Belawan in August–September 2022. The research parameters observed during the research were hydrooceanographic data and water quality data including physical parameters, chemical parameters, biological parameters. Determination of water quality status using the STORET Index, CCME WQI Index and principal component analysis (PCA). Observation parameters during the research were clinical symptoms, histological observations and growth performance of Asian sea bass. The research results show that tides, COD and turbidity are parameters that do not comply with water quality standards. The types of phytoplankton consist of 15 species and 4 classes, namely Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacyllariophyceae and Dynophyceae. Observation total vibrio count (TVC) shows that in all water samples it is Log 105 CFU/mL and in snapper organs (gills, liver, kidneys) there are Log 104-105 CFU/g. The results of the research can be concluded that for each zone in Belawan waters there is no difference in the level of pollution between zones in terms of the STORET index (moderately polluted) and the CCME WQI index (marginal) with limiting factors namely COD and turbidity. Belawan waters are in less than suitable condition in August–September for snapper cultivation activities in floating net cages (KJA) characterized by low SR and ADG values. Keywords: Belawan Waters, CCME WQI index, STORET index, principal component analysis (PCA), water quality monitoring ABSTRAK Belawan termasuk kawasan pesisir yang terletak di Kecamatan Medan Belawan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menentukan status kelayakan lokasi kajian jika dikembangkan sebagai lokasi keramba jaring apung (KJA). Penelitian dilaksanakan di perairan laut Belawan, Kota Medan yaitu pada bulan Agustus–September 2022. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Adapun parameter penelitian yang diamati selama penelitian yaitu data hidro oseanografi dan data kualitas air meliputi parameter fisika (konduktivitas, TDS, salinitas, suhu, kecerahan, kekeruhan), parameter kimia (DO, BOD, COD, amonia, pH), parameter biologi (plankton, TVC). Penilaian kualitas perairan menggunakan Indeks STORET, Indeks CCME WQI dan principal component analysis (PCA). Parameter pengamatan saat penelitian yaitu gejala klinis, pengamatan histologi dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan kakap putih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasang surut, COD dan kekeruhan merupakan parameter yang tidak sesuai dengan baku mutu kualitas air. Adapun jenis fitoplankton terdiri dari 15 spesies dan 4 kelas yaitu Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacyllariophyceae dan Dynophyceae. Pengamatan total vibrio count (TVC) menunjukkan bahwa pada seluruh sampel air yaitu Log 105 CFU/mL dan pada organ ikan kakap (insang, hati, ginjal) yaitu Log 104-105 CFU/g. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa setiap zona dalam perairan Belawan tergolong tercemar sedang dan tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat pencemaran ditinjau dari indeks STORET dan indeks CCME WQI dengan faktor pembatas yaitu COD dan kekeruhan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Perairan Belawan dalam kondisi kurang layak untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan kakap di keramba jaring apung (KJA) ditandai dengan nilai SR dan ADG yang rendah. Kata Kunci: indeks CCME WQI, indeks STORET, monitoring kualitas air, Perairan Belawan, principal component analysis (PCA)

Latar belakang. Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh akibat kekurangan gizi secara kronis. Di Indonesia, prevalensi stunting pada tahun 2021 adalah 24,4 persen. Kondisi prevalensi stunting di Sumatera Utara juga sangat memprihatinkan. Sebanyak 13 dari 33 kabupaten/kota yang berada di Sumatera Utara memiliki prevalensi stunting di atas 30%. Kecamatan Medan Denai adalah salah satu kecamatan di Kota Medan dengan kasus gizi buruk anak tertinggi. Salah satu faktor risiko kejadian stunting adalah tingkat pendidikan ibu. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting. Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional dengan sampel penelitian terdiri dari 96 responden yaitu ibu anak balita yang berdomisili dan menyekolahkan anaknya di TK/PAUD di Kecamatan Medan Denai yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil. Pada 96 responden ditemukan tingkat pengetahuan tentang stunting yang sedang (60,4%), rendah (30,2%), dan tinggi (9,4%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting dengan nilai p=0,035 (p

Abstract The occurrence of extreme hot and dry summer conditions in the Pacific Northwest region of North America (PNW) has been known to be influenced by climate modes of variability such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and other variations in tropospheric circulation such as stationary waves and blocking. However, the extent to which the subseasonal remote tropical driver influences summer heat extremes and fire weather conditions across the PNW remains elusive. Our investigation reveals that the occurrence of heat extremes and associated fire-conducive weather conditions in the PNW is significantly heightened during the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) phases 6-7, by ~50–120% relative to the seasonal probability. The promotion of these heat extremes is primarily attributed to the enhanced diabatic heating over the tropical central-to-eastern North Pacific, which generates a wave train traveling downstream toward North America, resulting in a prominent high-pressure system over the PNW. The ridge, subsequently, promotes surface warming over the region primarily through increased surface radiative heating and enhanced adiabatic warming. The results suggest a potential pathway to improving subseasonal-to-seasonal predictions of heatwaves and wildfire risks in the PNW by improving the representation of BSISO heating over the tropical-to-eastern North Pacific.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The presence of heavy metals, specifically cadmium, in the environment poses significant threats to both ecological systems and human health. However, microalgae have shown potential in addressing this issue through their ability to absorb cadmium and produce valuable biomass, making them a promising solution for bioremediation. Among the various microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris stands out as a suitable candidate due to its potential for biodiesel production and its capacity to effectively absorb cadmium. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to assess the toxicity of cadmium on Chlorella vulgaris cells using network meta-analysis as a methodology.METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on Scopus, Scilit, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published from 1 January 1990 to 16 January 2024. Only studies that reported the cell number of Chlorella vulgaris as a result of cadmium exposure were considered for inclusion. The collected data were then subjected to Bayesian frequentist network meta-analysis, utilizing standardized mean difference and a 95 percent confidence interval as measures of effect size. Additionally, a linear regression analysis was performed to examine the dose-dependent impact of cadmium toxicity.FINDINGS: Dose-dependent toxic effects of cadmium on Chlorella vulgaris were evident (R-square of more than 0.90), particularly at a concentration of 1 part per million, deemed as the maximum tolerable threshold. Prolonged exposure revealed a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability, suggesting potential lifespan shortening. A comparison of growth stimulants, gibberellic acid and brassinolide (standard means differences of 1.7 and 3.8, respectively), in mitigating cadmium toxicity indicated the latter superior effectiveness in sustaining microalgal survivability. The presence of high nitrogen and low phosphorous levels was found to be significantly associated with a reduction in Chlorella vulgaris cells due to cadmium exposure.CONCLUSION: This research has provided conclusive proof of the harmful effects of cadmium on Chlorella vulgaris through the implementation of Bayesian frequentist network meta-analysis, offering valuable insights for environmental management practices. The findings reveal concentration-dependent effects of cadmium toxicity. The survivability of Chlorella vulgaris is determined by the compositions of macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorous. Comparative analyses highlight the superior protective effect of brassinolide over gibberellic acid in mitigating cadmium toxicity. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of Chlorella vulgaris in both bioremediation of heavy metals and biomass production.

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) is a multidomain concept that assesses a person through health status, functional status, and symptoms. The patient's QoL is greatly reduced due to the course of disease, severity of symptoms, and side effects of chemotherapy treatment. This study aimed to assess the QoL in advanced lung cancer patients using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Methods: This descriptive and observational study was conducted at the Pulmonary Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Hospital from February to July 2024, with a cross-sectional design using patient medical records and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was analyzed with a score formula and categorized as good, moderate, and bad. The sample was 100 lung cancer patients using a purposive sampling technique according to the criteria. Results: The results showed that almost all QoL was in the moderate category (80%). The general health status was mostly in the moderate category (61.66%), the functional status was mostly in the good category (75.35%), and the symptoms were in the moderate category (35.65%). In the functional scale, the role domain had the lowest mean, 69.99 ± 29.43. In the symptoms scale, the pain domain had the highest mean, 52.66 ± 29.43. Conclusion: The overall QoL of lung cancer patients was in the moderate category, lower than the healthy population. It needs to be improved, especially in the role domain, by providing supportive-expressive group therapy.

Abstract This study explores the effects of dietary supplementation with passion fruit peel pectin (Passiflora edulis) and red yeast cell walls (Sporidiobolus pararoseus) on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, gene expression, and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nile tilapia with an initial body weight of approximately 15 ± 0.06 g were fed four isonitrogenous (29.09–29.94%), isolipidic (3.01–4.28%), and isoenergetic (4119–4214 Cal/g) diets containing 0 g kg−1 pectin or red yeast cell walls (T1 - Control), 10 g kg−1 pectin (T2), 10 g kg−1 red yeast (T3), and a combination of 10 g kg−1 pectin and 10 g kg−1 red yeast (T4) for 8 weeks. Growth rates and immune responses were assessed at 4 and 8 weeks, while histology, relative immune and antioxidant gene expression, and gut microbiota analysis were conducted after 8 weeks of feeding. The results showed that the combined supplementation (T4) significantly enhanced growth performance metrics, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, particularly by week 8, compared to T1, T2, and T3 (P

Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan (JKP) or The Job Loss Security Program is a recent government initiative designed to enhance legal, economic, and social protection for workers affected by Termination of Employment. This program needs proper supervision for optimal contribution to the community well-being. This normative legal research used both statutory and conceptual methods to answer the central research question regarding the urgency of the JKP program in safeguarding human rights. The findings indicate that the JKP program significantly aids workers by providing financial support, facilitating access to labor market information, and enhancing skills through job training, thereby helping them meet their own and their families' needs.

Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia, prevalensi hipertensi mengalami peningkatan dari 25,8% (2013) menjadi 34,1% (2018). Pasien dengan hipertensi diharuskan mengonsumsi obat-obatan anti-hipertensi seumur hidup untuk mengendalikan tekanan darah. Selain terapi farmakologi, teh mengandung senyawa aktif Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) yang dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah. Tujuan: Untuk memberikan gambaran senyawa aktif pada teh yang berpotensi menurunkan tekanan darah. Metode: Artikel ini menggunakan sumber data terkait uji klinis acak terkontrol yang dicari melalui laman Pubmed pada rentang waktu 2017-2022 dengan kata kunci teh, tekanan darah dan hipertensi. Diskusi: Sebanyak 9 dari 35 artikel diperoleh dari pencarian literatur tersebut. Hasil pencarian menunjukkan EGCG dalam bentuk kapsul dengan rentang dosis 75-300 mg dapat menurunkan tekanan darah secara signifikan. Hal yang sama juga didapati pada studi yang menggunakan kapsul berisi antosianin dan polifenol. Dari 4 studi yang menggunakan minuman teh sebagai bahan intervensi, diperoleh bahwa secara nyata minuman teh dapat menurunkan tekanan darah. Hanya 1 studi yang menyebutkan bahwa minuman teh dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah secara signifikan. Perbedaan hasil ini mungkin dikarenakan adanya perbedaan kadar zat aktif dan adanya kafein dalam teh yang diduga mempengaruhi hasil pengukuran tekanan darah. Kesimpulan: Uji klinis terkini terkait teh terhadap pengendalian tekanan darah umumnya menggunakan zat aktif yang terdapat pada teh terutama EGCG. Penggunaan kapsul EGCG dalam berbagai uji klinis memberikan gambaran penurunan tekanan darah. Penelitian lanjutan dapat difokuskan untuk pemanfaatan potensi EGCG ini dalam populasi sampel yang lebih besar.

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a significant disease attacking rice crops worldwide. This disease attacks at various stages of plant growth and causes significant yield loss. Breeding new varieties resistant to BLB is important to support sustainable agriculture in the future. This study aimed to identify new superior green super rice (GSR) lines resistant to BLB disease. The experiment evaluated the resistance of lowland rice lines obtained from anther culture using a factorial randomized complete block design. The 1st factor was genotype, consisting of 20 lines, 2 checks of commercial varieties (Inpari 42 Agritan GSR and Inpari 18), a resistant check (Conde), and a susceptible check (Taichung Native 1). The 2nd factor was BLB pathotypes (i.e., III, IV, and VIII). Quantitative data on disease severity and severity index were analyzed using analysis of variance and t-Dunnett test at 5% level. The results showed that the interaction between genotype and pathotype affected the disease severity and severity index in both growth phases. The tested lines exhibited varying resistance, from susceptible to resistant, to BLB. Four lines (SN 11, 13, 57, and 58) showed moderate to resistant criteria for BLB disease of 3 pathotypes in both growth phases. The selected lines can be used as a source of parents for breeders and candidates for new superior varieties with BLB resistance properties to support the reduction of synthetic chemical bactericide inputs and control BLB disease. However, further field evaluations are necessary to assess their performance.

This study aims to analyze user sentiment towards Islamic banking applications in Indonesia, focusing on Islamic banking applications that have the lowest ratings on Google Playstore. The analysis was conducted to understand perceptions, satisfaction, and factors that influence user experience towards both applications in the context of Islamic economics. The research method used is a quantitative approach with sentiment analysis techniques on user reviews taken from Google Playstore. Data was collected by scraping user reviews and analyzed using the Natural Language Processing (NLP) method to identify positive and negative sentiments. In addition, descriptive analysis was used to explore the main themes that emerged in the user reviews. The results showed that the trust factor was the main contributor to positive sentiment, reaching 45.16% of the total positive sentiment. The feature factor was also significant, contributing 27.90%, while the Sharia aspect factor contributed 6.29%. The technical and service factors contributed 11.61% and 5.97%, respectively. These findings indicate that trust in the application, including security and integrity, as well as relevant features, is an essential element in shaping positive user sentiment. This study provides valuable insights for Islamic banking application developers and related parties to understand user needs and expectations. In addition, these findings highlight the importance of improving aspects of trust and application features to increase user satisfaction and loyalty. These findings contribute to the literature on Islamic economics and Islamic banking app development in the digital era and provide practical guidance to improve application performance in the Indonesian digital banking market.

This research aims to provide an understanding of the legal aspects of Village Fund Corruption. In detail, the objectives to be achieved are to analyze the Legal Regulation of the Crime of Corruption of Village Funds, the process of supervision of Village Funds in an effort to prevent Corruption Crimes in Batu Bara Regency and the Legal Considerations of Judges in Issuing Verdicts on Corruption Crimes of Village Funds in the Decision of the Medan District Court No.59/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PN Mdn.This study uses a statutory approach and a case approach in its normative juridical research methodology. The results of the study show that the Criminal Law Regulation on the Crime of Corruption of Village Funds, is contained in Law Number 31 of 1999 jo Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, especially articles 2 and 3. The mechanism for monitoring village funds requires the involvement of all parties, namely the village community, the Village Consultative Body (BPD), the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP), and related OPDs. The judge's decision is very important, because in it there is a value that can be in direct contact with human rights. In principle, only the judge's decision that has permanent legal force can be implemented. A decision can be said to have permanent legal force if it is issued through an open and transparent trial and no other legal remedies are submitted. Regulation of Village Fund Corruption is regulated in Law Number 31 of 1999 jo Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes articles 2 and 3. In carrying out the supervised supervision of village funds, the involvement of all parties is needed, and the judge's decision is very important, because in it there is a value that can be in direct contact with human rights.

A hybrid adhesive system composed of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI), modified with two types of alkaline catalysts, namely NaOH and CaCO3 at 20% (w/v), was used for manufacturing the oriented strand board (OSB) from sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) wood. The catalyst was added at a concentration of 1% of the solids content of PF adhesive, and pMDI was added at 2.5% and 5.0% of the PF adhesive solids content. Adding catalysts and cross-linking agents increased the solids content and viscosity of the adhesive and accelerated the gelation time. The water absorption of OSB increased with the addition of catalysts and crosslinking agents compared to the control PF. Still, the CaCO3 catalyst worked optimally in reducing the thickness swelling of OSB. The mechanical properties of the laboratory-fabricated OSB panels increased with the addition of catalyst and cross-linker, except for the modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain. The optimal performance of OSB was obtained by adding 1% CaCO3 and 2.5% pMDI based on the PF’s solids content.

The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) units in vehicles can produce significant noise, lowering the sound quality inside the vehicle and reducing passenger comfort. While noise control methods are available, they can be expensive and harmful to the environment. To address these issues, this study aims to investigate using low-cost and biodegradable natural materials, specifically coconut fibers, for vehicle HVAC noise control. The study utilized coconut fibers, which have sound absorption properties reaching 42 dBA, to treat an actual Perodua HVAC unit. The treatment targeted the HVAC noise spectrum at low, medium, and high blower speeds, resulting in reduced Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) at the passenger's ear position. The composite was applied to the air inlet head and inlet channel of the HVAC system using a specific combination of coconut fiber content. The research identified the sources of noise in the highest contributions that occurred at the blower fan unit and treated the required areas. In terms of numerical data, the results showed that the treatment significantly reduced the noise level by 11 dBA. Additionally, the experiment found that the 8% fiber ratio at low speed decreased by 14.28% following the treatment. Similarly, the fiber ratio at medium and high speeds saw reductions of 15.47% and 17.56%, respectively. This study presents a promising solution for reducing noise in vehicle HVAC units using cost-effective and eco-friendly materials. Future research should focus on optimizing coconut fiber ratios, evaluating long-term durability and biodegradability, validating real-world applicability, and establishing standardized testing protocols to improve and confirm the effectiveness of coconut fiber-based noise control in automotive HVAC systems.

Investment decisions are a matter of how individuals should allocate funds into investment forms that provide future benefits. This paper investigates the impact of financial literacy, perceptions of risk and returns, family background, income, and financial technology proficiency on investment decisions among Generations Z and Y in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach, using primary data from 240 respondents through purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey to collect respondents’ perceptions and investment decisions. The Likert scale assesses indicators by eliciting responses to statements and questions. The Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) approach was employed for analysis utilizing WarpPLS 8.0 software. The results show that financial literacy, risk and return perception, income, and fintech proficiency significantly influence investment decisions (p < 0.05), while family background does not (p > 0.05). In addition, fintech proficiency mediates the effects of financial literacy, risk perception, family background, and income on investment decisions (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that improving financial literacy and fintech skills can lead to better investment decisions among young investors. This study highlights the need for targeted financial education programs and innovative fintech solutions to support informed investment choices. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors influencing investment decisions and to develop strategies to improve financial decision-making in this demographic group.

Context: Vernonia amygdalina Delile (VAD) is known as a potential plant with a wide variety of medicinal properties, including anticancer. Aims: To evaluate the combination effect of VAD extract with cisplatin (CIS) against PANC-1 cells, focusing on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis activities. Methods: This study is an experimental study using PANC-1 cells as objects. The phytochemical compounds were analyzed with LC-MS/MS. The cytotoxic activity of extracts and their combinations was determined using the MTT assay method in the PANC-1 cell line. Apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and PI3K/mTOR profiles were analyzed with flow cytometry. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, and p53 expression. Results: The phytochemicals found were five compounds with retention times of 8.96, 9.85, 10.52, 12.59, and 10.36. The results of the MTT assay showed that the IC50 values of extract and CIS were 21.83 ± 0.46 µg/mL and 3.02 ± 0.44 µg/mL, respectively. The combination index (CI) value of extract and CIS had a synergistic effect. Combination extract and CIS induced early and late apoptosis, inhibited cell cycle progression on the G1 phase, inhibited Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 expression, induced p53 expression, and inhibited PI3K and mTOR expression. Conclusions: The combination of extract and CIS showed anticancer activity against PANC-1 cells through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via inhibition of PI3K and mTOR expressions.

Children who commit crimes must have their rights protected to ensure their survival and well-being. This study aims to apply diversion regulations in resolving cases of children in conflict with the law at the Women and Children's Services Unit of the Criminal Investigation Department in the Labuhanbatu Police Department to ensure the provision of restorative justice. This empirical legal study collected data through interviews with the Labuhanbatu Police Department. Findings indicate that diversion regulations are detailed in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. According to Islamic criminal law, if a child commits a crime, the punishment should be educational and involve al-shulhu (reconciliation). While diversion is carried out with a restorative justice approach, many juvenile offenses are not entirely diverted and are often processed further in the legal system. The practice of reconciliation for juvenile crimes in Labuhanbatu involves the upah-upah ceremony, which aligns with the concept of al-shulhu. Factors that prevent juvenile offenses from being resolved through diversion include cases of theft, embezzlement, and assault. This study recommends that diversion be mandatory for juvenile offenders at the stages of investigation, prosecution, and trial to resolve juvenile criminal cases

This research aims to understand the following matters: 1) How to develop the prescribed book for teaching Arabic using the Audiolingual to enhance language skills, 2) The evaluation of linguistic and material experts regarding this book, 3) The experimental results of this book in enhancing language skills. The research methodology follows the pattern outlined by Sugiono in his book on scientific research. The researcher used testing, observation sheets, documents, and interviews to collect data. The research is conducted through the following steps: reviewing potential resources and identifying problems in the research field, collecting information about the product, designing the product according to theory, evaluating by experts, revising the product based on expert suggestions, testing the product in both the control and experimental classes and correcting the product (error correction based on some experimental feedback). For data analysis, to infer the comparison between two classes or pre- and post-teaching, statistical tests such as the paired t-test can be used. The t-test estimates the true difference between the means of two groups by comparing the difference in group means to the combined standard error of the groups. The research results indicate that the book was designed according to the theory explained by Ahmad Fouad in his book. After evaluation by both material and media experts, the book was deemed suitable for experimentation, with an 80% success rate in the trial phase. Following the experiment, the control class showed lower results than the experimental class, demonstrating that the Audiolingualis more effective and better for teaching Arabic. The success rate using this method was 88%.