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Cooperatives play a positive role in implementing Indonesia's national development, both directly and indirectly; cooperatives are a means of increasing progress economy for its members and for society. This is in accordance with the objectives of the cooperative, especially to advance members and society in general. A research purpose is to study role of the Baitul Qiradh Baburrayyan Cooperative for marketing Arabica coffee in Central Aceh Regency. This research uses quantitative methods. Qualitative research is research that uses natural settings, with the aim of interpreting phenomena occurs and is carried out by involving various existing methods.

Children are unique humans and experience varied development even though they are of the same gene or the same sex but grow and develop according to their respective characteristics. Of course, this condition also demands adjustments in providing appropriate and varied stimuli and responses. This study aims to observe the growth and development of children to explore the growth and development of children and see the reactions generated by children if given a specific stimulus. This research method uses longitudinal case studies. The respondents of this study were three children. The study found that children's cognitive, psychosocial and moral development can be developed by conditioning the child and the child's environment. Children's health and a conducive environment play an essential role in determining children's growth and development. Maternal health and parental cooperation also determine the growth and development of the child.

Romy Deviandri,1– 3 Hugo C van der Veen,1 Andri MT Lubis,4 Ghuna A Utoyo,5 Inge van den Akker-Scheek,1 Maarten J Postma6– 9 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Groningen/ University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; 2Department of Physiology-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia; 3Department of Orthopedics-Sports Injury, Arifin Achmad Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia; 4Department of Orthopedics-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 5Department of Orthopedics-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/ Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 6Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen/ University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; 7Department of Economics-Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; 8Department of Pharmacology & Therapy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 9Department Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Romy Deviandri, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Groningen/ University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, the Netherlands, Email r.deviandri@rug.nl; romydeviandri@lecturer.unri.ac.idObjective: The number of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) procedures is increasing. However, ACLR procedures are likely to be underbudgeted in a developing country like Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze costs for ACLR procedures in Indonesia’s resource-limited context, determine the burden of ACLR, and suggest national prices for ACLR reimbursement.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted between 1 January and 31 December 2019 on the cost of ACLR from a payer perspective using inpatient billing records in four hospitals. The national burden of ACLR was calculated, and projected national prices for reimbursement were determined.Results: Of 80 ACLRs, 53 (66%) were isolated ACLRs and 27 (34%) ACLRs were combined with meniscus treatment. Mean hospital costs incurred per ACLR procedure were US$ 2853, with the dominant cost relating to orthopedic implant prices (US$ 1,387.80). The costs of ACLR with combined meniscus treatment were estimated as being 35% higher than isolated ACLR. The national burden of ACLR showed a total budget of US$ 367.4 million per 100,000 patients (0.03% of GDP) for ACLR with additional meniscus treatment and US$ 271.3 million per 100,000 patients (0.02% of GDP) for isolated ACLR.Conclusion: ACLR procedures in Indonesia are likely underbudgeted. Adjustments of reimbursement prices for ACLR are needed to facilitate adequate access of Indonesians to the procedures. This study demonstrated varying costs determined for ACLR in Indonesia, which entails that a new reimbursement system with improvement of national prices should become the core of transformation.Keywords: ACL tear, meniscus injury, cost, developing countries, BPJS

This study investigates the influence of coping strategies (problem-solving, emotion-focused, purpose-oriented) on academic resilience, considering gender and domicile differences. By analyzing data from 398 Indonesian students using MGA PLS-SEM, the study confirms satisfactory validity and reliability of the measurement models. The results reveal significant relationships between coping strategies and academic resilience. The study contributes to understanding the interplay between coping strategies and academic resilience across diverse groups, informing the development of targeted interventions and support systems for student well-being and success.

Andri Maruli Tua Lubis, Adisa Yusuf Reksoprodjo, Mohamad Walid Kuncoro, Nadia Nastassia Ifran Department of Orthopedic & Traumatology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Andri Maruli Tua LubisDepartment of Orthopaedic & Traumatology Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital - Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta, IndonesiaTel +62 816-1177-078Fax +62 21 3905894Email andrilubisresearch@gmail.comIntroduction: Pain and instability following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remain a significant issue. Common causes include infection and inflammation, and mechanical issues such as graft failure.Case Presentation: A 36-year-old male with an ACL reconstruction six years prior was admitted due to pain and swelling. The ACL graft that had ruptured was found arthroscopically. Numerous gout crystals and tophus were observed inside. This finding is suggested as a cause of this kind of complication.Discussion: Biological failure is one of the causes of graft failure. Gout arthritis is associated with internal derangement of the joint structures, which is reported in advanced case.Conclusion: Severe gouty arthritis, even though rare, could be an etiology of graft failure following ACL reconstruction and cause significant morbidity.Keywords: ACL reconstruction, graft failure, gout, tophus

The study of language and literature today are inseparable. Unfortunately, the phenomenon of Indonesian learning in junior high schools is in a hesitant position due to the lack of formulating literature as teaching material including indigenous wisdom-based literature that can threaten the extinction of indigenous literature. At Buru Island, literature learning is integrated into Indonesian subjects, but the teachers there are more focused on teaching language using general literature rather than indigenous wisdom literature. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the situation and needs analysis of the indigenous wisdom-based literature in teaching Indonesian language at Buru Island. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers employed Research and Development (R&D) applying Borg and Gall's steps. This method has certain procedures for the information collecting data related to the situation and needs analysis of 350 junior high school students through questionnaire distribution, interview, and observation toward the process of Indonesian teaching in the classroom. The situation of learning literature in the study involved (1) the law of local content learning, (2) curriculum, (3) syllabus, (4) lesson plan, (5) coursebooks, (6) teachers' competence, and (7) stakeholders' concerns, while, the students' need analysis involved (1) current ability and interest in literature, (2) feedback of students' ability and interest in literature, (3) literature skills priority, (4) learning style, (5) literature learning facilities and infrastructure, (6) literature materials on indigenous wisdom, (7) coursebook of indigenous wisdom-based literature, and (8) learning approaches and strategies based on indigenous wisdom. The result shows that there were still many shortages in implementing of indigenous wisdom-based literature learning in junior high schools, so students' ability and interest were lack. Therefore, the situation and need analysis becomes very important to be explored and to be a consideration in designing course books in indigenous wisdom-based literature for the future.

This research aims to explore the paradigm of applying learning by doing to create active learning in Islamic education. A combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods was used in this study. Data collection begins with qualitative data and continues with quantitative data. This flow is also known as exploratory sequential design. The study's findings indicate that the use of learning by doing in Islamic education creates a supportive and adaptable learning environment where students can develop their critical thinking, collaboration and communication skills through firsthand experience and other people's teachings. Second, learning by doing has a positive influence on students in Islamic education. The findings of the quantitative data analysis in the test (paired sample t-test) demonstrate a substantial difference between the results before and after implementing learning by doing performance-based learning. The degrees of freedom (dk), the magnitude of which is N-1 as well as 40-1 = 39 are the basis for determining the value of the t-table. The value of degrees of freedom 39 at a significant level of 5% is obtained by t-table 1.684. The results can be obtained with a count greater than the t-table namely 16,701 > 1,684and Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05 based on the results of the analysis of the t-test (paired sample t-test). So, it can be concluded that learning by doing can improve the ability to think creatively, logically, systematically and critically.

Tubagus Djumhana Atmakusuma, Anna Mira Lubis Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Tubagus Djumhana AtmakusumaDivision of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Diponegoro No. 71, Jakarta Pusat, DKI, Jakarta, IndonesiaTel +622 13162497Email hom_fkui@yahoo.comIntroduction: Iron overload is a common feature of thalassemia intermedia due to regular blood transfusion and increased gastrointestinal iron absorption. Early detection and adequate iron chelator can decrease morbidity and mortality from iron overload. Liver iron concentration (LIC) by MRI T2* is the best non-invasive way to measure body iron stores. However, this method is expensive and not available nationwide in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to identify liver iron overload and correlation of transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, liver MRI T2* and LIC with transient liver elastography in adult thalassemia intermedia patients.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 45 patients with thalassemia intermedia with blood transfusion and with and without iron chelator therapy. The study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from August through October 2016. We performed measurements of transferrin saturation, serum ferritin level, transient liver elastography and liver MRI T2*. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlation between transient liver elastography with transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, liver MRI T2*and LIC.Results and Discussion: This study showed that 64.4% of study subjects are β-Hb E thalassemia intermedia. Furthermore, 84.4% of study subjects have regular transfusion. Based on liver MRI T2*all subjects suffered from liver iron overload, 48.9% had severe degree. Median value of liver MRI T2* was 1.6 ms. Mean serum ferritin was 2831 ng/mL, with median transferrin saturation of 66%. Mean of LIC corresponding to liver MRI T2* and mean liver stiffness measurement was 15.36± 7.37 mg Fe/gr dry weight and 7.7± 3.8 kPa, respectively. Liver stiffness correlated with serum ferritin (r=0.651; p=0.000), liver MRI T2* (r=− 0.357; p=0.016), and LIC (r=0.433; p=0.003). No correlation was found between liver elastography and transferrin saturation (r=0.204; p=0.178).Conclusion: Serum ferritin, liver MRI T2*and LIC correlated with liver elastography. No correlation was found between transferrin saturation and liver elastography.Keywords: liver MRI T2*, LIC, serum ferritin, thalassemia intermedia, transient liver elastography

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The presence of heavy metals, specifically cadmium, in the environment poses significant threats to both ecological systems and human health. However, microalgae have shown potential in addressing this issue through their ability to absorb cadmium and produce valuable biomass, making them a promising solution for bioremediation. Among the various microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris stands out as a suitable candidate due to its potential for biodiesel production and its capacity to effectively absorb cadmium. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to assess the toxicity of cadmium on Chlorella vulgaris cells using network meta-analysis as a methodology.METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on Scopus, Scilit, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published from 1 January 1990 to 16 January 2024. Only studies that reported the cell number of Chlorella vulgaris as a result of cadmium exposure were considered for inclusion. The collected data were then subjected to Bayesian frequentist network meta-analysis, utilizing standardized mean difference and a 95 percent confidence interval as measures of effect size. Additionally, a linear regression analysis was performed to examine the dose-dependent impact of cadmium toxicity.FINDINGS: Dose-dependent toxic effects of cadmium on Chlorella vulgaris were evident (R-square of more than 0.90), particularly at a concentration of 1 part per million, deemed as the maximum tolerable threshold. Prolonged exposure revealed a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability, suggesting potential lifespan shortening. A comparison of growth stimulants, gibberellic acid and brassinolide (standard means differences of 1.7 and 3.8, respectively), in mitigating cadmium toxicity indicated the latter superior effectiveness in sustaining microalgal survivability. The presence of high nitrogen and low phosphorous levels was found to be significantly associated with a reduction in Chlorella vulgaris cells due to cadmium exposure.CONCLUSION: This research has provided conclusive proof of the harmful effects of cadmium on Chlorella vulgaris through the implementation of Bayesian frequentist network meta-analysis, offering valuable insights for environmental management practices. The findings reveal concentration-dependent effects of cadmium toxicity. The survivability of Chlorella vulgaris is determined by the compositions of macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorous. Comparative analyses highlight the superior protective effect of brassinolide over gibberellic acid in mitigating cadmium toxicity. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of Chlorella vulgaris in both bioremediation of heavy metals and biomass production.

Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia, prevalensi hipertensi mengalami peningkatan dari 25,8% (2013) menjadi 34,1% (2018). Pasien dengan hipertensi diharuskan mengonsumsi obat-obatan anti-hipertensi seumur hidup untuk mengendalikan tekanan darah. Selain terapi farmakologi, teh mengandung senyawa aktif Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) yang dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah. Tujuan: Untuk memberikan gambaran senyawa aktif pada teh yang berpotensi menurunkan tekanan darah. Metode: Artikel ini menggunakan sumber data terkait uji klinis acak terkontrol yang dicari melalui laman Pubmed pada rentang waktu 2017-2022 dengan kata kunci teh, tekanan darah dan hipertensi. Diskusi: Sebanyak 9 dari 35 artikel diperoleh dari pencarian literatur tersebut. Hasil pencarian menunjukkan EGCG dalam bentuk kapsul dengan rentang dosis 75-300 mg dapat menurunkan tekanan darah secara signifikan. Hal yang sama juga didapati pada studi yang menggunakan kapsul berisi antosianin dan polifenol. Dari 4 studi yang menggunakan minuman teh sebagai bahan intervensi, diperoleh bahwa secara nyata minuman teh dapat menurunkan tekanan darah. Hanya 1 studi yang menyebutkan bahwa minuman teh dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah secara signifikan. Perbedaan hasil ini mungkin dikarenakan adanya perbedaan kadar zat aktif dan adanya kafein dalam teh yang diduga mempengaruhi hasil pengukuran tekanan darah. Kesimpulan: Uji klinis terkini terkait teh terhadap pengendalian tekanan darah umumnya menggunakan zat aktif yang terdapat pada teh terutama EGCG. Penggunaan kapsul EGCG dalam berbagai uji klinis memberikan gambaran penurunan tekanan darah. Penelitian lanjutan dapat difokuskan untuk pemanfaatan potensi EGCG ini dalam populasi sampel yang lebih besar.

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a significant disease attacking rice crops worldwide. This disease attacks at various stages of plant growth and causes significant yield loss. Breeding new varieties resistant to BLB is important to support sustainable agriculture in the future. This study aimed to identify new superior green super rice (GSR) lines resistant to BLB disease. The experiment evaluated the resistance of lowland rice lines obtained from anther culture using a factorial randomized complete block design. The 1st factor was genotype, consisting of 20 lines, 2 checks of commercial varieties (Inpari 42 Agritan GSR and Inpari 18), a resistant check (Conde), and a susceptible check (Taichung Native 1). The 2nd factor was BLB pathotypes (i.e., III, IV, and VIII). Quantitative data on disease severity and severity index were analyzed using analysis of variance and t-Dunnett test at 5% level. The results showed that the interaction between genotype and pathotype affected the disease severity and severity index in both growth phases. The tested lines exhibited varying resistance, from susceptible to resistant, to BLB. Four lines (SN 11, 13, 57, and 58) showed moderate to resistant criteria for BLB disease of 3 pathotypes in both growth phases. The selected lines can be used as a source of parents for breeders and candidates for new superior varieties with BLB resistance properties to support the reduction of synthetic chemical bactericide inputs and control BLB disease. However, further field evaluations are necessary to assess their performance.

This study aims to analyze user sentiment towards Islamic banking applications in Indonesia, focusing on Islamic banking applications that have the lowest ratings on Google Playstore. The analysis was conducted to understand perceptions, satisfaction, and factors that influence user experience towards both applications in the context of Islamic economics. The research method used is a quantitative approach with sentiment analysis techniques on user reviews taken from Google Playstore. Data was collected by scraping user reviews and analyzed using the Natural Language Processing (NLP) method to identify positive and negative sentiments. In addition, descriptive analysis was used to explore the main themes that emerged in the user reviews. The results showed that the trust factor was the main contributor to positive sentiment, reaching 45.16% of the total positive sentiment. The feature factor was also significant, contributing 27.90%, while the Sharia aspect factor contributed 6.29%. The technical and service factors contributed 11.61% and 5.97%, respectively. These findings indicate that trust in the application, including security and integrity, as well as relevant features, is an essential element in shaping positive user sentiment. This study provides valuable insights for Islamic banking application developers and related parties to understand user needs and expectations. In addition, these findings highlight the importance of improving aspects of trust and application features to increase user satisfaction and loyalty. These findings contribute to the literature on Islamic economics and Islamic banking app development in the digital era and provide practical guidance to improve application performance in the Indonesian digital banking market.

This research aims to provide an understanding of the legal aspects of Village Fund Corruption. In detail, the objectives to be achieved are to analyze the Legal Regulation of the Crime of Corruption of Village Funds, the process of supervision of Village Funds in an effort to prevent Corruption Crimes in Batu Bara Regency and the Legal Considerations of Judges in Issuing Verdicts on Corruption Crimes of Village Funds in the Decision of the Medan District Court No.59/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PN Mdn.This study uses a statutory approach and a case approach in its normative juridical research methodology. The results of the study show that the Criminal Law Regulation on the Crime of Corruption of Village Funds, is contained in Law Number 31 of 1999 jo Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, especially articles 2 and 3. The mechanism for monitoring village funds requires the involvement of all parties, namely the village community, the Village Consultative Body (BPD), the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP), and related OPDs. The judge's decision is very important, because in it there is a value that can be in direct contact with human rights. In principle, only the judge's decision that has permanent legal force can be implemented. A decision can be said to have permanent legal force if it is issued through an open and transparent trial and no other legal remedies are submitted. Regulation of Village Fund Corruption is regulated in Law Number 31 of 1999 jo Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes articles 2 and 3. In carrying out the supervised supervision of village funds, the involvement of all parties is needed, and the judge's decision is very important, because in it there is a value that can be in direct contact with human rights.

A hybrid adhesive system composed of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI), modified with two types of alkaline catalysts, namely NaOH and CaCO3 at 20% (w/v), was used for manufacturing the oriented strand board (OSB) from sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) wood. The catalyst was added at a concentration of 1% of the solids content of PF adhesive, and pMDI was added at 2.5% and 5.0% of the PF adhesive solids content. Adding catalysts and cross-linking agents increased the solids content and viscosity of the adhesive and accelerated the gelation time. The water absorption of OSB increased with the addition of catalysts and crosslinking agents compared to the control PF. Still, the CaCO3 catalyst worked optimally in reducing the thickness swelling of OSB. The mechanical properties of the laboratory-fabricated OSB panels increased with the addition of catalyst and cross-linker, except for the modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain. The optimal performance of OSB was obtained by adding 1% CaCO3 and 2.5% pMDI based on the PF’s solids content.

The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) units in vehicles can produce significant noise, lowering the sound quality inside the vehicle and reducing passenger comfort. While noise control methods are available, they can be expensive and harmful to the environment. To address these issues, this study aims to investigate using low-cost and biodegradable natural materials, specifically coconut fibers, for vehicle HVAC noise control. The study utilized coconut fibers, which have sound absorption properties reaching 42 dBA, to treat an actual Perodua HVAC unit. The treatment targeted the HVAC noise spectrum at low, medium, and high blower speeds, resulting in reduced Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) at the passenger's ear position. The composite was applied to the air inlet head and inlet channel of the HVAC system using a specific combination of coconut fiber content. The research identified the sources of noise in the highest contributions that occurred at the blower fan unit and treated the required areas. In terms of numerical data, the results showed that the treatment significantly reduced the noise level by 11 dBA. Additionally, the experiment found that the 8% fiber ratio at low speed decreased by 14.28% following the treatment. Similarly, the fiber ratio at medium and high speeds saw reductions of 15.47% and 17.56%, respectively. This study presents a promising solution for reducing noise in vehicle HVAC units using cost-effective and eco-friendly materials. Future research should focus on optimizing coconut fiber ratios, evaluating long-term durability and biodegradability, validating real-world applicability, and establishing standardized testing protocols to improve and confirm the effectiveness of coconut fiber-based noise control in automotive HVAC systems.

Investment decisions are a matter of how individuals should allocate funds into investment forms that provide future benefits. This paper investigates the impact of financial literacy, perceptions of risk and returns, family background, income, and financial technology proficiency on investment decisions among Generations Z and Y in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach, using primary data from 240 respondents through purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey to collect respondents’ perceptions and investment decisions. The Likert scale assesses indicators by eliciting responses to statements and questions. The Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) approach was employed for analysis utilizing WarpPLS 8.0 software. The results show that financial literacy, risk and return perception, income, and fintech proficiency significantly influence investment decisions (p < 0.05), while family background does not (p > 0.05). In addition, fintech proficiency mediates the effects of financial literacy, risk perception, family background, and income on investment decisions (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that improving financial literacy and fintech skills can lead to better investment decisions among young investors. This study highlights the need for targeted financial education programs and innovative fintech solutions to support informed investment choices. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors influencing investment decisions and to develop strategies to improve financial decision-making in this demographic group.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) posed significant health problems and deaths. There are various challenges in the management of HCC, including the late detection or diagnosis. The ongoing diagnostic method in HCC also hinders the detection on the early stages of the disease, thus biomarkers need to be explored further for HCC detection. Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and Midkine (MDK) are two proteins which might be the biomarker of choice in the detection of HCC. This meta-analysis aims to analyze the accuracy of Midkine and AFP in the detection of HCC. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by adhering to the Preferred Reporting System for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We conduct literature screening and selection followed by quality assessment from various databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, SpringerLink, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, and EMBASE. The included studies were then extracted and analyzed cumulatively using MedCalc and MetaDTA with forest plot and ROC curve as outcome. Results: 12 studies were included in this study. The AFP biomarker yields sensitivity value of 62.5% (97.5% CI 0.442 – 0.778) and specificity value of 95% (97.5% CI 0.842 – 0.986), while the Midkine biomarker denotes sensitivity value of 91.6% (97.5% CI 0.83 – 0.961) and specificity value of 82.2% (97.5% CI 0.83 – 0.96). Conclusions: Both AFP and MDK are proven to be a good diagnostic tool or biomarker in the detection of HCC. The use of both in combination should provide high quality diagnostic marker for HCC suspected patients. Further studies on this should be conducted.

This study examines and compares three Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) steering control techniques utilizing the following three control algorithms: Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Fractional Order PID (FOIPD), and Neural Network-PID (NN-PID). The objective of this investigation is to gain a comprehensive understanding of each controller's response in terms of step input scenarios, trajectory changes, and when encountering disturbances. The response analysis will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the controller by examining parameters such as Rise Time, Settling Time, Settling Min, Settling Max, Overshoot, Peak, and Peak Time for each controller response. To determine the accuracy performance of each controller strategy, the root mean square error (RMSE) technique will be applied, allowing users to confidently select the most suitable controller option. FOPID displays the best settling time of 3.2218 seconds, and PID stands out in rise time, achieving 0.4725 seconds. The results indicate that NN-PID is the top performer as it reduces overshoot to 0.3022%. Among the three controllers that were tested, FOPID had the smallest RMSE value, while the NN-PID control's slower response and larger error resulted in a smaller overshoot than PID and FOPID. This factor is due to the online learning process on NN-PID, which requires time. Based on the simulation results, FOPID outperforms PID in settling time and produces the smallest error due to the inclusion of parameters λ and μ, leading to improved control performance.

This research aims to explore and understand more deeply the application of self-regulated learning among students who attend lectures with an online system. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The research subjects were selected using purposive sampling techniques, and data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews. This research focuses on one student subject who takes online lectures. The findings of the study show that subjects apply self-regulation in learning through three main phases, namely: (1) Forethought, (2) Performance, and (3) Reflection. The Forethought phase includes planning and self-confidence, the Performance phase involves self-regulation and observation, and the Reflection phase includes self-assessment and evaluation. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into self-regulation strategies in the context of online lectures and recommendations for students to improve the effectiveness of their learning.

Planning helps monitor activities. to achieve the expected efficiency and effectiveness. In advertising planning at GMS Digital Marketing, there are often losses. The purpose of this study is to find out how to manage good time in advertising planning in GMS Digital Marketing and find out what efforts can be made so that advertising planning has efficient time. A mathematical approach called Critical Path Analysis (CPM) is used to organize the grouping of project operations. The project activities described using the CPM Method are a two-round procedure consisting of a forward and backward approach to setting a schedule when conducting a critical path analysis. ES and EF are set up during the forwarding process. During the transfer, LS and LF are determined. Early Start (ES) is the fastest way to start an activity. CPM is a cost-cutting approach for projects. We can know when costs and schedules need to be negotiated to meet project deadlines while keeping costs as low as possible. When a dimension is used, then CPM is used. (More accurate time estimates). Therefore, from the results of this study, a critical path is obtained that requires additional labor and time in completing the work

Background: Sepsis is still one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. Consumptive coagulopathy and suppression of thrombopoiesis in the bone marrow resulting from immune dysregulation are pathological mechanisms that cause thrombocytopenia in sepsis. Platelet count (PLT) and indices, such as mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) are markers of platelet activation and are strongly influenced by platelet morphology and proliferation kinetics. We aimed to study the use of platelet count and indices as predictors of mortality in children with sepsis.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 45 children diagnosed with sepsis on admission at Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, between October and November 2022. Blood samples were drawn upon admission, and platelet count and indices were then determined for all children. Subjects were followed up till discharge from hospital or death. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of platelet parameters was done to determine the area under the curve (AUC), optimal cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) in predicting mortality in children with sepsis. Using the cut-off values from ROC curve analysis, the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: MPV, PDW, and PDW/PLT were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors (P=0.04, P=0.02, and P=0.04, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that PDW had the largest AUC (0.708 [95% CI=0.549–0.866]) with a cut-off value of 14.1%, sensitivity of 63.6%, and specificity of 82.6%. PDW was also the only parameter that significantly affected the outcome of children with sepsis. PDW≥14.1% at admission increases the risk of mortality by 5.7 times.Conclusion: Admission PDW is a fast and specific tool to predict the outcome of children with sepsis.

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high body sugar levels, but the body does not utilize them. Based on data from 2023, 14% of Indonesia's population has diabetes. The spread of diabetes also penetrates rural areas, posing a threat to rural areas and threatening the health of rural communities, and Saentis Village is no exception. The program "Healthy Movement Together: Blood Sugar Checking to Support the 9 Pillars of Health Transformation" is a community service initiative that aims to increase public health awareness. Some people in Saentis Village have a history of diabetes. This activity aims to provide education and conduct initial screening for diabetes. The service method is carried out by collaborating between medical personnel, local government, and the community. The activity began by providing education about the dangers and early symptoms of diabetes and continued by conducting an initial diabetes screening by checking blood sugar. Ninety-six people attended this activity. Based on the results of the examination, it was found that as many as 17 people had high blood sugar levels, and as many as 14 people experienced hyperglycemia. Based on the results of the screening that has been carried out, it is known that there are people who are not aware of the importance of maintaining a lifestyle, so there are still 14.6% of people who have pre-diabetes conditions, so it is necessary to check HbA1C.

Ethnomathematics is a field that studies how people from different cultures understand, interpret, and use mathematical concepts. Traditional clothing is one of the cultural characteristics of the local community. The motifs on Malay traditional clothing depict symbols, ideas, and techniques of plane figures, often used intuitively by seamstresses. These motifs can be found in various Malay traditional garments and have a connection to ethnomathematics, particularly in measuring activities and mathematical concepts based on two dimensions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the elements and concepts of plane figures in Malay traditional clothing patterns through an ethnomathematics perspective. This research employs qualitative methods, with data collection conducted through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The study was exploratory in nature, utilizing an ethnographic approach. The findings reveal that the motifs in Malay traditional clothing patterns, which include elements and concepts of two-dimensional shapes such as rhombuses, circles, triangles, and squares, can serve as a valuable learning resource for understanding two-dimensional geometry.

Abstract Jakarta is the center of Indonesia’s economy and development. However, the city of Jakarta suffers from many problems related to groundwater, and good groundwater governance is needed to realize groundwater sustainability. Groundwater management can be initiated by undertaking conceptual and numerical groundwater modeling. This paper reviews several previous studies related to groundwater modeling of the Jakarta groundwater basin that have provided information about the groundwater system and groundwater quantity. However, improvements are required for any further studies. The critical challenges to providing a complete picture of the groundwater conditions in the Jakarta groundwater basin are the availability of reliable data and improved groundwater flow models.

Introduction. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) is a new parameter for evaluating iron status. This study aims to assess diagnostic value and investigate RET-He as early predictor of response to intravenous iron supplementation.

Children who commit crimes must have their rights protected to ensure their survival and well-being. This study aims to apply diversion regulations in resolving cases of children in conflict with the law at the Women and Children's Services Unit of the Criminal Investigation Department in the Labuhanbatu Police Department to ensure the provision of restorative justice. This empirical legal study collected data through interviews with the Labuhanbatu Police Department. Findings indicate that diversion regulations are detailed in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. According to Islamic criminal law, if a child commits a crime, the punishment should be educational and involve al-shulhu (reconciliation). While diversion is carried out with a restorative justice approach, many juvenile offenses are not entirely diverted and are often processed further in the legal system. The practice of reconciliation for juvenile crimes in Labuhanbatu involves the upah-upah ceremony, which aligns with the concept of al-shulhu. Factors that prevent juvenile offenses from being resolved through diversion include cases of theft, embezzlement, and assault. This study recommends that diversion be mandatory for juvenile offenders at the stages of investigation, prosecution, and trial to resolve juvenile criminal cases

In North Sumatera, captive Sumatran elephants are maintained in several conservation units, 2 of them were Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp (ANECC) and Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU). Although elephant conservation sites have implemented a management plan to address elephant health and welfare issues, Sumatran elephants in captivity are still susceptible to some of the health issues such as breeding problems, stress, and poor health. Therefore, the health examination is necessary to be conducted regularly as an effort to save the Sumatran elephant which has been categorized as one of the critically endangered animals. This study was carried out in Aek Nauli and Tangkahan which covered the assessment of elephant reproduction status using ultrasonography, cortisol analysis using ELISA, and parasite identification using sedimentation, floatation and Parfit and Banks methods. The ultrasonography examination was carried out on each conservation site, while the collected blood and feces were transferred to Veterinary Medicine Faculty Universitas Syiah Kuala for cortisol and parasite analysis, respectively. The data on reproductive status, cortisol level, and gastrointestinal parasite were analyzed descriptively. The sonography result showed that 3 Sumatran elephants in ANECC had uterine cysts, while one pregnant elephant and two elephants with involution uteri were recorded in CRU Tangkahan. Worm eggs from genus trematode and nematode were found during feces examination in ANECC, but the only nematode was observed in Tangkahan. Elephant maintained in Tangkahan had a higher cortisol level (82.11±61.49 ng/ml) compared to those maintained in ANECC (16.87±3.88 ng/ml). As a conclusion, the reproduction status, cortisol level, and parasite gastrointestinal observed in Sumatran elephant maintained in 2 conservation sites (ANECC and CRU Tangkahan) were different, probably due to different stress factor and management implemented on.

This research aims to understand the following matters: 1) How to develop the prescribed book for teaching Arabic using the Audiolingual to enhance language skills, 2) The evaluation of linguistic and material experts regarding this book, 3) The experimental results of this book in enhancing language skills. The research methodology follows the pattern outlined by Sugiono in his book on scientific research. The researcher used testing, observation sheets, documents, and interviews to collect data. The research is conducted through the following steps: reviewing potential resources and identifying problems in the research field, collecting information about the product, designing the product according to theory, evaluating by experts, revising the product based on expert suggestions, testing the product in both the control and experimental classes and correcting the product (error correction based on some experimental feedback). For data analysis, to infer the comparison between two classes or pre- and post-teaching, statistical tests such as the paired t-test can be used. The t-test estimates the true difference between the means of two groups by comparing the difference in group means to the combined standard error of the groups. The research results indicate that the book was designed according to the theory explained by Ahmad Fouad in his book. After evaluation by both material and media experts, the book was deemed suitable for experimentation, with an 80% success rate in the trial phase. Following the experiment, the control class showed lower results than the experimental class, demonstrating that the Audiolingualis more effective and better for teaching Arabic. The success rate using this method was 88%.