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1. Co-regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses induced by ID93+GLA-SE vaccination in humans

Author: Andrew Fiore-Gartland, Himangi Srivastava, Aaron Seese, Tracey Day, Adam Penn-Nicholson, Angelique Kany Kany Luabeya, Nelita Du Plessis, Andre G. Loxton, Linda-Gail Bekker, Andreas Diacon, Gerhard Walzl, Zachary K. Sagawa, Steven G. Reed, Thomas J. Scriba, Mark Hatherill, and Rhea Coler
Subjects: tuberculosis, vaccines, systems immunology, innate, RNA sequencing, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: IntroductionDevelopment of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis is a critical step towards reducing the global burden of disease. A therapeutic vaccine might also reduce the high rate of TB recurrence and help address the challenges of drug-resistant strains. ID93+GLA-SE is a candidate subunit vaccine that will soon be evaluated in a phase 2b efficacy trial for prevention of recurrent TB among patients undergoing TB treatment. ID93+GLA-SE vaccination was shown to elicit robust CD4+ T cell and IgG antibody responses among recently treated TB patients in the TBVPX-203 Phase 2a study (NCT02465216), but the mechanisms underlying these responses are not well understood.MethodsIn this study we used specimens from TBVPX-203 participants to describe the changes in peripheral blood gene expression that occur after ID93+GLA-SE vaccination.ResultsAnalyses revealed several distinct modules of co-varying genes that were either up- or down-regulated after vaccination, including genes associated with innate immune pathways at 3 days post-vaccination and genes associated with lymphocyte expansion and B cell activation at 7 days post-vaccination. Notably, the regulation of these gene modules was affected by the dose schedule and by participant sex, and early innate gene signatures were correlated with the ID93-specific CD4+ T cell response.DiscussionThe results provide insight into the complex interplay of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in developing responses to vaccination with ID93+GLA-SE and demonstrate how dosing and schedule can affect vaccine responses.
Published: 2024
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2. Review of epilepsy care in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author: Tshibambe N. Tshimbombu, Minkyung Shin, Thomas Thesen, Luabeya Mesu’a Kabwa, Karen Blackmon, Jean Marie Kashama wa Kashama, Barbara C. Jobst, Dominique Fontaine, Immanuel Olarinde, and Daniel Okitundu‐Luwa E‐Andjafono
Subjects: Centre Neuropsychopathologique, Democratic Republic of Congo, Onchocerca volvulus, people with epilepsy, sub‐Saharan Africa, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Abstract Epilepsy imposes a substantial burden on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These challenges encompass the lack of comprehensive disease surveillance, an unresolved understanding of its pathophysiology, economic barriers limiting access to essential care, the absence of epilepsy surgical capabilities, and deeply ingrained societal stigmas. Notably, the national prevalence of epilepsy remains undetermined, with research primarily concentrating on infectious factors like Onchocerca volvulus, leaving other potential causes underexplored. Most patients lack insurance, incurring out‐of‐pocket expenses that often lead them to opt for traditional medicine rather than clinical care. Social stigma, perpetuated by common misconceptions, intensifies the social isolation experienced by individuals living with epilepsy. Additionally, surgical interventions are unavailable, and the accessibility of anti‐seizure medications and healthcare infrastructure remains inadequate. Effectively tackling these interrelated challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including conducting research into region‐specific factors contributing to epilepsy, increasing healthcare funding, subsidizing the costs of treatment, deploying mobile tools for extensive screening, launching awareness campaigns to dispel myths and reduce stigma, and promoting collaborations between traditional healers and medical practitioners to enhance local understanding and epilepsy management. Despite the difficulties, significant progress can be achieved through sustained and compassionate efforts to understand and eliminate the barriers faced by epilepsy patients in the region. This review outlines essential steps for alleviating the epilepsy burden in the DRC. Plain Language summary There are not enough resources to treat epilepsy in the DRC. PWEs struggle with stigma and the lack of money. Many of them still use traditional medicine for treatment and hold wrong beliefs about epilepsy. That is why there is a need for more resources to make the lives of PWEs better in the DRC.
Published: 2024
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3. High Asymptomatic Carriage With the Omicron Variant in South Africa

Author: Garrett, Nigel, Tapley, Asa, Andriesen, Jessica, Seocharan, Ishen, Fisher, Leigh H, Bunts, Lisa, Espy, Nicole, Wallis, Carole L, Randhawa, April Kaur, Miner, Maurine D, Ketter, Nzeera, Yacovone, Margaret, Goga, Ameena, Huang, Yunda, Hural, John, Kotze, Philip, Bekker, Linda Gail, Gray, Glenda E, Corey, Lawrence, Ahmed, Khatija, Badal-Faesen, Sharlaa, Barnabas, Shaun, Brumskine, William, Comline, Kim, Diacon, Andreas, Dubula, Thozama, Gill, Katherine, Grobbelaar, Coert, Innes, Craig, Kassim, Sheetal, Kotze, Sheena, Lazarus, Erica, Lombaard, Johannes, Luabeya, Angelique, Maboa, Rebone Molobane, Mahoney, Scott, Mahkaza, Disebo, Malahleha, Moelo, Malan, Daniel, Mngadi, Kathryn, Naicker, Nivashnee, Naicker, Vimla, Naidoo, Logashvari, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, Rassool, Mohammed, Spooner, Elizabeth, Tempelman, Hugo, Mgodi, Nyaradzo, Dadabhai, Sufia, Makhema, Joe, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet, Samandari, Taraz, Elyanu, Peter James, Chilengi, Roma, Chirenje, Zvavahera, McElrath, Julie, Cohen, Myron, Kublin, James, Gilbert, Peter, Peda, Melissa, Andersen-Nissen, Erica, Ferrari, Guido, Villaran, Manuel, Takalani, Azwidhwi, Gildea, Marianne, Nebergall, Michelle, Sopher, Carrie, Proulx-Burns, Lori, Govender, Dhevium, Sanders, Lisa, Hanke, Jen, Baepanye, Kagisho, Le Roux, Bert, Wilvich, Haven, Sripathy, Smitha, Margineantu, Daciana, Brown, Valerie, Linton, Kim, Howell, Haley, Noronha, Bianca, Nikles, Sarah, Toledano, Alicia, May, Jeanine, El-Khorazaty, Jill, Naidoo, Keshani, Khuto, Kentse, Mayat, Fatima, Fairall, Lara, and Sanne, Ian
Subjects: Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pneumonia & Influenza, Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Lung, Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Pneumonia, Biodefense, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS-CoV-2, South Africa, Omicron variant, asymptomatic carriage, PWH, Ubuntu Study Team, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: We report a 23% asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) Omicron carriage rate in participants being enrolled into a clinical trial in South Africa, 15-fold higher than in trials before Omicron. We also found lower CD4 + T-cell counts in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strongly correlated with increased odds of being SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive.
Published: 2022

4. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from tongue swabs using sonication and sequence-specific hybridization capture.

Author: Alexander J Yan, Alaina M Olson, Kris M Weigel, Angelique K Luabeya, Erin Heiniger, Mark Hatherill, Gerard A Cangelosi, and Paul Yager
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Tongue swabs hold promise as a non-invasive sample for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). However, their utility as replacements for sputum has been limited by their varied diagnostic performance in PCR assays compared to sputum. The use of silica-based DNA extraction methods may limit sensitivity due to incomplete lysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) cells and co-extraction of non-target nucleic acid, which may inhibit PCR. Specificity may also be compromised because these methods are labor-intensive and prone to cross-contamination. To address these limitations, we developed a sample preparation method that combines sonication for MTB lysis and a sequence-specific MTB DNA capture method using hybridization probes immobilized on magnetic beads. In spiked tongue swabs, our hybridization capture method demonstrated a 100-fold increase in MTB DNA yield over silica-based Qiagen DNA extraction and ethanol precipitation. In a study conducted on clinical samples from South Africa, our protocol had 74% (70/94) sensitivity and 98% (41/42) specificity for detecting active pulmonary TB with sputum Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra as the reference standard. While hybridization capture did not show improved sensitivity over Qiagen DNA extraction and ethanol precipitation, it demonstrated better specificity than previously reported methods and was easier to perform. With integration into point-of-care platforms, these strategies have the potential to help enable rapid non-sputum-based TB diagnosis across key underserved patient populations.
Published: 2024
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5. Global uncertainty in the diagnosis of neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection by both neurologists and non-neurologists: An international inter-observer variability study

Author: Abbariao, Maritoni, Zaki, Shafiq Dexter Abou, Aleksic, Dejan, Aliling, Nicole, Rivas, Susana Arias, Artajos, Godard, Asukile, Melody, Atalar, Arife Çimen, Bae, Jong Seok, Banzrai, Chimeglkham, Bar, Michal, Barone, Valentina, Baykan, Betul, Beghi, Ettore, Berger, Thomas, Bilic, Ivica, Biller, Jose, Boskovic, Mateja, Cabreira, Verónica, Calado, Sofia, Canete, Maria Teresa, Celebisoy, Nese, Chen, Ike Leon, Chishimba, Lorraine, Chomba, Mashina, Constantino, Glenn Anthony, Cotelli, Maria Sofia, De Cauwer, Harald, Debroucker, Thomas, Orantes, Luis Del Carpio, Devaraj, Rashmi, D'Souza, Michelle, Ekizoglu, Esme, Elmali, Ayse Deniz, Fonseca, Ana Catarina, Furloni, Roberto, Gajre, Sunil, Azorin, David Garcia, Garfoot, Vanessa, Gasparic, Irena, Genç, Hamit, Glavica, Marinka, Guanaes, Luiz Gustavo, Gürsoy, Gizem, Hafiz, Nauman, Hasırcı, Buse, Helbok, Raimund, Hor, Chee Peng, Hughes, Stella, Hwang, Sungeun, Kaya, Irem Ilgezdi, Jakupi, Adi, Jamora, Roland Dominic, Kahwagi, Jamil, Kaprelyan, Ara, Kawatu, Nfwama, Kim, Manho, Kim, Hyunji, Kim, Hyun Kyung, Koffie, Desmond, Ladeira, Filipa, Lant, Suzannah, Lee, Woo-Jin, Lee, Sukyoon, Leonardo, Zerlyn, Lim, Christian Emmanuel, Lisak, Marijana, Loh, Hong Chuan, Loo, Lay Khoon, Huzjan, Arijana Lovrencic, Koh, Rosie Sue Luan Lu, Luabeya, Mesu'a Kabwa, Lugaresi, Alessandra, Macrohon, Bernadette, Majdak, Maja, Manalili, Sheryl, Manelli, Filippo, Mapoure, Yacouba Njankouo, Mascarella, Davide, Massano, João, Mataa, Mataa, Matibag, Jessica Leika, Matic-Gerodias, Alexandria, McMullen, Kate, Miranda, Miguel, Modequillo, Margaret, Shoab, Abul Kalam Mohammed, Motto, Cristina, Murphy, Sinead M., Mwendaweli, Naluca, Ng, Chen Fei, Ng, Rong Xiang, Ihsan, Mohd Khairul Nizam Nor, Nyein, Aye Myat, O'Connell, Karen, Oh, Seong-il, Ohnmar, Ohnmar, Özge, Aynur, Pajo, Azalea, Palavra, Filipe, Panteleienko, Larysa, Payne, Catherine, Pensato, Umberto, Peres, João, Peters, Steven, Polat, Burcu, Poljakovic, Zdravka, Punter, Martin Nicholas Michael, Quiles, Liz Edenberg, Ranieri, Angelo, Ratković, Marija, Renales, Maria Lina, Robles, Jose, Bedeković, Marina Roje, Rommer, Paulus, Šapina, Lidija, Sarac, Helena, Saylor, Deanna, Schmutzhard, Erich, Sharma, Anahita, Šimić, Aleksandra, Sipilä, Jussi O.T., Sokhi, Dilraj, Stagno, Mauro, Stancheva, Kristina, Stojsavljević, Marija, Subir, Ahamed, Surdhar, Sushee, Talabucon, Loreto, Jr, Tan, Hui Jan, Teoh, Sing Chiek, Vallejo, Dionis, Velioglu, Sibel K., Vukasović, Rafaela, Kit, Wong Wai, Welte, Tamara, Willekens, Barbara, Yesilot, Nilufer, Yu, Jeryl Ritzi T., Zaw, Moe Moe, Zhelyazkova, Sashka, Žitnik, Eva, Tamborska, A.A., Wood, G.K., Westenberg, E., Garcia-Azorin, D., Webb, G., Schiess, N., Netravathi, M., Baykan, B., Dervaj, R., Helbok, R., Lant, S., Özge, A., Padovani, A., Saylor, D., Schmutzhard, E., Easton, A., Lilleker, J.B., Jackson, T., Beghi, E., Ellul, M.A., Frontera, J.A., Pollak, T., Nicholson, T.R., Wood, N., Thakur, K.T., Solomon, T., Stark, R.J., Winkler, A.S., and Michael, B.D.
Published: 2023
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6. Influence of Gaze, Vision, and Memory on Hand Kinematics in a Placement Task

Author: Luabeya, Gaelle N., primary, Yan, Xiaogang, additional, Freud, Erez, additional, and Crawford, J. Douglas, additional
Published: 2024
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7. Safety and immunogenicity of VPM1002 versus BCG in South African newborn babies: a randomised, phase 2 non-inferiority double-blind controlled trial

Author: Cotton, Mark F, Madhi, Shabir A, Luabeya, Angelique K, Tameris, Michele, Hesseling, Anneke C, Shenje, Justin, Schoeman, Elisma, Hatherill, Mark, Desai, Sajjad, Kapse, Dhananjay, Brückner, Sina, Koen, Anthonet, Jose, Lisa, Moultrie, Andrew, Bhikha, Sutika, Walzl, Gerhard, Gutschmidt, Andrea, Kotze, Leigh A, Allies, Devon L, Loxton, Andre G, Shaligram, Umesh, Abraham, Maria, Johnstone, Hilary, Grode, Leander, Kaufmann, S H E, and Kulkarni, Prasad S
Published: 2022
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8. Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine in people living with and without HIV-1 infection: a randomised, controlled, phase 2A/2B trial

Author: Madhi, Shabir A, Moodley, Dhayendre, Hanley, Sherika, Archary, Moherndran, Hoosain, Zaheer, Lalloo, Umesh, Louw, Cheryl, Fairlie, Lee, Fouche, Leon Frederik, Masilela, Mduduzi S L, Singh, Nishanta, Grobbelaar, Coert, Ahmed, Khatija, Benadé, Gabriella, Bhikha, Sutika, Bhorat, As'ad Ebrahim, Bhorat, Qasim, Joseph, Natasha, Dheda, Keertan, Esmail, Aliasgar, Foulkes, Sharne, Goga, Ameena, Oommen Jose, Aylin, Kruger, Gertruida, Kalonji, Dishiki J, Lalloo, Natasha, Lombaard, Johan J, Lombard Koen, Anthonet, Kany Luabeya, Angelique, Mngqibisa, Rosie, Petrick, Friedrich G, Pitsi, Annah, Tameris, Michele, Thombrayil, Asha, Vollgraaff, Pieter-Louis, Cloney-Clark, Shane, Zhu, Mingzhu, Bennett, Chijioke, Albert, Gary, Faust, Emmanuel, Plested, Joyce S, Fries, Lou, Robertson, Andreana, Neal, Susan, Cho, Iksung, Glenn, Greg M, and Shinde, Vivek
Published: 2022
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9. Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in health-care workers in South Africa (the Sisonke study): results from a single-arm, open-label, phase 3B, implementation study

Author: Brumskine, William, Naicker, Nivashnee, Makhaza, Disebo, Naicker, Vimla, Naidoo, Logashvari, Spooner, Elizabeth, van Nieuwenhuizen, Elane, Mngadi, Kathryn, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, Innes, James Craig, Gill, Katherine, Petrick, Friedrich Georg, Barnabas, Shaun, Badal-Faesen, Sharlaa, Kassim, Sheetal, Mahoney, Scott Hayden, Lazarus, Erica, Nana, Anusha, Maboa, Rebone Molobane, Kotze, Philip, Lombaard, Johan, Malan, Daniel Rudolf, Kotze, Sheena, Mohlala, Phuthi, Ward, Amy, Meintjes, Graeme, Urbach, Dorothea, Patel, Faeezah, Diacon, Andreas, Ahmed, Khatija, Grobbelaar, Coert, Mda, Pamela, Dubula, Thozama, Luabeya, Angelique, Mamba, Musawenkosi Bhekithemba, Burgess, Lesley, Dawson, Rodney, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Garrett, Nigel, Goga, Ameena, Fairall, Lara, Reddy, Tarylee, Yende-Zuma, Nonhlanhla, Kassanjee, Reshma, Collie, Shirley, Sanne, Ian, Boulle, Andrew, Seocharan, Ishen, Engelbrecht, Imke, Davies, Mary-Ann, Champion, Jared, Chen, Tommy, Bennett, Sarah, Mametja, Selaelo, Semenya, Mabatlo, Moultrie, Harry, de Oliveira, Tulio, Lessells, Richard John, Cohen, Cheryl, Jassat, Waasila, Groome, Michelle, Von Gottberg, Anne, Le Roux, Engelbert, Khuto, Kentse, Barouch, Dan, Mahomed, Hassan, Wolmarans, Milani, Rousseau, Petro, Bradshaw, Debbie, Mulder, Michelle, Opie, Jessica, Louw, Vernon, Jacobson, Barry, Rowji, Pradeep, Peter, Jonny G, Takalani, Azwi, Odhiambo, Jackline, Mayat, Fatima, Takuva, Simbarashe, Corey, Lawrence, and Gray, Glenda E
Published: 2022
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10. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from tongue swabs using sonication and sequence-specific hybridization capture.

Author: Yan, Alexander J., Olson, Alaina M., Weigel, Kris M., Luabeya, Angelique K., Heiniger, Erin, Hatherill, Mark, Cangelosi, Gerard A., and Yager, Paul
Subjects: NUCLEIC acid isolation methods, MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, NUCLEIC acids, DIAGNOSTIC use of polymerase chain reaction, TUBERCULOSIS
Abstract: Tongue swabs hold promise as a non-invasive sample for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). However, their utility as replacements for sputum has been limited by their varied diagnostic performance in PCR assays compared to sputum. The use of silica-based DNA extraction methods may limit sensitivity due to incomplete lysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) cells and co-extraction of non-target nucleic acid, which may inhibit PCR. Specificity may also be compromised because these methods are labor-intensive and prone to cross-contamination. To address these limitations, we developed a sample preparation method that combines sonication for MTB lysis and a sequence-specific MTB DNA capture method using hybridization probes immobilized on magnetic beads. In spiked tongue swabs, our hybridization capture method demonstrated a 100-fold increase in MTB DNA yield over silica-based Qiagen DNA extraction and ethanol precipitation. In a study conducted on clinical samples from South Africa, our protocol had 74% (70/94) sensitivity and 98% (41/42) specificity for detecting active pulmonary TB with sputum Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra as the reference standard. While hybridization capture did not show improved sensitivity over Qiagen DNA extraction and ethanol precipitation, it demonstrated better specificity than previously reported methods and was easier to perform. With integration into point-of-care platforms, these strategies have the potential to help enable rapid non-sputum-based TB diagnosis across key underserved patient populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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11. Preferences of healthcare workers using tongue swabs for tuberculosis diagnosis during COVID-19.

Author: Renée Codsi, Nicole A Errett, Angelique K Luabeya, Danelle Van As, Mark Hatherill, Adrienne E Shapiro, Katherine A Lochner, Alexandria R Vingino, Marlana J Kohn, and Gerard A Cangelosi
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Healthcare workers (HCWs) who come into contact with tuberculosis (TB) patients are at elevated risk of TB infection and disease. The collection and handling of sputum samples for TB diagnosis poses exposure risks to HCWs, particularly in settings where aerosol containment is limited. An alternative sample collection method, tongue swabbing, was designed to help mitigate this risk, and is under evaluation in multiple settings. This study assessed risk perceptions among South African HCWs who used tongue swabbing in TB diagnostic research during the COVID-19 pandemic. We characterized their context-specific preferences as well as the facilitators and barriers of tongue swab use in clinical and community settings. Participants (n = 18) were HCWs with experience using experimental tongue swabbing methods at the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI). We used key informant semi-structured interviews to assess attitudes toward two tongue swab strategies: Provider-collected swabbing (PS) and supervised self-swabbing (SSS). Responses from these interviews were analyzed by rapid qualitative analysis and thematic analysis methods. Facilitators included aversion to sputum (PS and SSS), perceived safety of the method (SSS), and educational resources to train patients (SSS). Barriers included cultural stigmas, as well as personal security and control of their work environment when collecting swabs in community settings. COVID-19 risk perception was a significant barrier to the PS method. Motivators for HCW use of tongue swabbing differed substantially by use case, and whether the HCW has the authority and agency to implement safety precautions in specific settings. These findings point to a need for contextually specific educational resources to enhance safety of and adherence to the SSS collection method.
Published: 2023
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12. Single-cell profiling reveals distinct subsets of CD14+ monocytes drive blood immune signatures of active tuberculosis

Author: Hannah Hillman, Nabeela Khan, Akul Singhania, Paige Dubelko, Ferran Soldevila, Rashmi Tippalagama, Aruna D. DeSilva, Bandu Gunasena, Judy Perera, Thomas J. Scriba, Cynthia Ontong, Michelle Fisher, Angelique Luabeya, Randy Taplitz, Gregory Seumois, Pandurangan Vijayanand, Catherine C. Hedrick, Bjoern Peters, and Julie G. Burel
Subjects: tuberculosis, monocytes, transcriptomics (RNA-Seq), flow cytometry, immune signatures, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: IntroductionPrevious studies suggest that monocytes are an important contributor to tuberculosis (TB)-specific immune signatures in blood.MethodsHere, we carried out comprehensive single-cell profiling of monocytes in paired blood samples of active TB (ATB) patients at diagnosis and mid-treatment, and healthy controls. ResultsAt diagnosis, ATB patients displayed increased monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, increased frequency of CD14+CD16- and intermediate CD14+CD16+ monocytes, and upregulation of interferon signaling genes that significantly overlapped with previously reported blood TB signatures in both CD14+ subsets. In this cohort, we identified additional transcriptomic and functional changes in intermediate CD14+CD16+ monocytes, such as the upregulation of inflammatory and MHC-II genes, and increased capacity to activate T cells, reflecting overall increased activation in this population. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that distinct subsets of intermediate CD14+CD16+ monocytes were responsible for each gene signature, indicating significant functional heterogeneity within this population. Finally, we observed that changes in CD14+ monocytes were transient, as they were no longer observed in the same ATB patients mid-treatment, suggesting they are associated with disease resolution. DiscussionTogether, our study demonstrates for the first time that both intermediate and classical monocytes individually contribute to blood immune signatures of ATB and identifies novel subsets and associated gene signatures that may hold disease relevance.
Published: 2023
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13. Diagnostic accuracy of tongue swab testing on two automated tuberculosis diagnostic platforms, Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Molbio Truenat MTB Ultima

Author: Wood, Rachel C., primary, Luabeya, Angelique K., additional, Dragovich, Rane B., additional, Olson, Alaina M., additional, Lochner, Katherine A., additional, Weigel, Kris M., additional, Codsi, Renée, additional, Mulenga, Humphrey, additional, de Vos, Margaretha, additional, Kohli, Mikashmi, additional, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, additional, Hatherill, Mark, additional, and Cangelosi, Gerard A., additional
Published: 2024
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14. Validation of a host blood transcriptomic biomarker for pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with HIV: a prospective diagnostic and prognostic accuracy study

Author: Abrahams, Charmaine, Africa, Hadn, Ahlers, Petri, Arendsen, Denis, Badimo, Tebogo, Baepanye, Kagiso, Baepanye, Kesenogile Edna, Bande, Bianca, Batyi, Nomfuneko Cynthia, Beukes, Roslyn, Bontsi, Laudicia Tshenolo, Booi, Obakeng Peter, Botha, Mari Cathrin, Braaf, Samentra, Buhlungu, Sivuyile, Carstens, Alida, Chauke, Kgomotso Violet, Chinappa, Thilagavathy, Chung, Eva, Chung, Michelle, Clarke, Ken, Cloete, Yolundi, Coetzee, Lorraine, Collignon, Marelize, Companie, Alessandro, Corris, Cara-mia, Cwaile, Mooketsi Theophillius, Cwele, Thobelani, Davids, Ilse, Davies, Isabella Johanna, De Klerk, Emilia, de Kock, Marwou, Dhlamini, Audrey Lebohang, Diamond, Bongani, Didloff, Maria, Dlamini, Celaphiwe, Dolo, Palesa, Eyre, Candice, Feni, Tebogo, Ferreira, Juanita, Ferus, Christal, Fisher, Michelle, Flinn, Marika, Fransman, Bernadine, Galane, Welseh Phindile, Geldenhuys, Hennie, Gempies, Diann, Goliath, Thelma, Govender, Dhineshree, Gregg, Yolande, Gumede, Goodness, Gwamada, Zanele, Halti, Senzo, Hassiem, Rieyaat, Herling, Roxane, Herselman, Yulandi, Hughes, Ellis, Issel, Henry, Iyemosolo, Blanchard Mbay, Jali, Zandile, Janse Van Rensburg, Bonita, Jansen, Ruwiyda, Jeleni, James Michael, Jonkane, Olebogeng, Julies, Fabio, Kafaar, Fazlin, Kasongo, Christian Mabika, Keffers, Sophie, Kekana, Boitumelo Sophy, Kekana, Sebaetseng Jeanette, Kelepu, Xoliswa, Khanyile, Lungile, Khobedi, Gomotsegang Virginia, Khomba, Gloria, Khoza, Lucky Sipho, King, Marietjie, Kolobe, Gloria Keitumetse, Kruger, Sandra, Kruger, Jaftha, Kunene, Ndlela Israel, Lakay, Sunelza, Lakhi, Aneesa, Langa, Nondumiso, Ledwaba, Hildah, Lekagane, Lerato Julia, Lekotloane, Sheiley Christina, Leopeng, Thelma, Louw, Ilze Jeanette, Luabeya, Angelique Kany Kany, Lusale, Sarah Teboso, Maatjie, Perfect Tiisetso, Mabasa, Immaculate, Mabe, Tshegofatso Dorah, Mabena, Kamogelo Fortunate, Mabuza, Nkosinathi Charles, Mabwe, Simbarashe, Madikwe, Johanna Thapelo, Madikwe, Octavia Mahkosazana, Maebana, Rapontwana Letlhogonolo, Magwasha, Malobisa Sylvester, Majola, Molly, Makhetha, Mantai, Makhethe, Lebohang, Malay, Vernon, Manzini, Vutlhari-I-Vunhenha Fairlord, Maphanga, Jabu, Maphanga, Nonhle, Market, Juanita, Maroele, Isholedi Samuel, Masibi, Omphile Petunia, Mathabanzini, July Rocky, Mathode, Tendamudzimu Ivan, Matsane, Ellen Ditaba, Mbata, Lungile, Meyer, Faheema, Mhandire, Nyasha Karen, Miga, Thembisiwe, Mkhize, Nosisa Charity Thandeka, Mkhokho, Caroline, Mkwalase, Neo Hilda, Mnqonywa, Nondzakazi, Moche, Karabo, Modisaotsile, Brenda Matshidiso, Mokgetsengoane, Patricia Pakiso, Mokone, Selemeng Matseliso Carol, Molatlhegi, Kegomoditswe Magdeline, Molefe, Thuso Andrew, Moloko, Joseph Panie, Molosi, Kabelo, Molotsi, Motlatsi Evelyn, Montwedi, Tebogo Edwin, Monyemangene, Boikanyo Dinah, Mooketsi, Hellen Mokopi, Moses, Miriam, Mosito, Boitumelo, Mosito, Tshplpfelo Mapula, Mosweu, Ireen Lesebang, Mothaga, Primrose, Motlagomang, Banyana Olga, Mouton, Angelique, Mpofu, Onesisa, Mthembu, Funeka Nomvula, Mtlali, Mpho, Ndlovu, Nhlamulo, Ngcobo, Nompumelelo, Noble, Julia, Ntamo, Bantubonke Bertrum, Ntanjana, Gloria, Ntshauba, Tedrius, Opperman, Fajwa, Padayatchi, Nesri, Papalagae, Thandiwe, Petersen, Christel, Phakathi, Themba, Phatshwane, Mapule Ozma, Plaatjie, Patiswa, Pretorius, Abe, Rameetse, Victor Kgothatso, Ramjit, Dirhona, Ratangee, Frances, Ratangee, Maigan, Sanyaka, Pearl Nomsa, Sato, Alicia, Schoeman, Elisma, Schreuder, Constance, Seabela, Letlhogonolo, Segaetsho, Kelebogile Magdeline, Sein, Ni Ni, Selepe, Raesibe Agnes Pearl, Senne, Melissa Neo, September, Alison, September, Cashwin, Serake, Moeti, Shenje, Justin, Shezi, Thandiwe, Shezi, Sifiso Cornelius, Sing, Phindile, Singh, Chandrapharbha, Sithetho, Zona, Solomons, Dorothy, Stanley, Kim, Steyn, Marcia, Stofile, Bongiwe, Stryers, Sonia, Swanepoel, Liticia, Swarts, Anne, Thaba, Mando Mmakhora, Theko, Lethabo Collen, Thembela, Philile, Thompo, Mugwena, Toefy, Asma, Toto, Khayalethu, Tsagae, Dimakatso Sylvia, Tsamane, Ayanda, Tshikovhi, Vincent, Tswaile, Lebogang Isaac, Tyambetyu, Petrus, Tönsing, Susanne, Valley, Habibullah, van der Merwe, Linda, van Rooyen, Elma, Veldsman, Ashley, Veldtsman, Helen, Vollenhoven, Kelvin, Zaca, Londiwe, Zimri, Elaine, Zulu, Mbali, Mendelsohn, Simon C, Fiore-Gartland, Andrew, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, Mulenga, Humphrey, Mbandi, Stanley Kimbung, Borate, Bhavesh, Hadley, Katie, Hikuam, Chris, Musvosvi, Munyaradzi, Bilek, Nicole, Erasmus, Mzwandile, Jaxa, Lungisa, Raphela, Rodney, Nombida, Onke, Kaskar, Masooda, Sumner, Tom, White, Richard G, Innes, Craig, Brumskine, William, Hiemstra, Andriëtte, Malherbe, Stephanus T, Hassan-Moosa, Razia, Tameris, Michèle, Walzl, Gerhard, Naidoo, Kogieleum, Churchyard, Gavin, Scriba, Thomas J, and Hatherill, Mark
Published: 2021
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15. Safety and immunogenicity of the adjunct therapeutic vaccine ID93 + GLA-SE in adults who have completed treatment for tuberculosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial

Author: Beckmann, Anna Marie, Hsu, Fan-Chi, Albertson, Sarah, Veldsman, Ashley, Schreuder, Constance, Smit, Erica, Cloete, Yolundi, Ontong, Cynthia, Filander, Elisabeth, Jacobs, Gail, Keyser, Alana, Africa, Hadn, Mulenga, Humphrey, Noble, Julia, Makhethe, Lebohang, Steyn, Marcia, de Kock, Marwou, Quaqua, Nambitha, Lu, Yiwen, Gutschmidt, Andrea, Thienemann, Friedrich, Kahn, Stuart, Mouton, Angelique, Van Rooyen, Elma, Opperman, Fajwa, Swarts, Ann, Van Schalkwyk, Amaryl, Herselman, Yolandi, Hofmeester, Devona, Amsterdam, Julia, Hassanally, Leya, van der Merwe, Linda, Companie, Alessandro, Rossouw, Susan, Jones, Carolyn, Botes, Natasja, van der Riet, Elize, Goliath, Sandra, Kruger, Sandra, Sinandile, Eunice, Day, Tracey A, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, Luabeya, Angelique Kany Kany, Fiore-Gartland, Andrew, Du Plessis, Nelita, Loxton, Andre G, Vergara, Julie, Rolf, Tom A, Reid, Tim D, Toefy, Asma, Shenje, Justin, Geldenhuys, Hendrik, Tameris, Michele, Mabwe, Simbarashe, Bilek, Nicole, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Diacon, Andreas, Walzl, Gerhard, Ashman, Jill, Frevol, Aude, Sagawa, Zachary K, Lindestam Arlehamn, Cecilia, Sette, Alessandro, Reed, Steven G, Coler, Rhea N, Scriba, Thomas J, and Hatherill, Mark
Published: 2021
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16. Biomarker-guided tuberculosis preventive therapy (CORTIS): a randomised controlled trial

Author: Baepanye, Kesenogile, Baepanye, Tshepiso, Clarke, Ken, Collignon, Marelize, Dlamini, Audrey, Eyre, Candice, Feni, Tebogo, Fikizolo, Moogo, Galane, Phinda, Goliath, Thelma, Gangat, Alia, Malefo-Grootboom, Shirley, Janse van Rensburg, Elba, Janse van Rensburg, Bonita, Kekana, Sophy, Zietsman, Marietjie, Kock, Adrianne, Kunene, Israel, Lakhi, Aneessa, Langa, Nondumiso, Ledwaba, Hilda, Luphoko, Marillyn, Mabasa, Immaculate, Mabe, Dorah, Mabuza, Nkosinathi, Majola, Molly, Makhetha, Mantai, Makoanyane, Mpho, Makhubalo, Blossom, Malay, Vernon, Market, Juanita, Matshego, Selvy, Mbipa, Nontsikelelo, Mmotsa, Tsiamo, Modipa, Sylvester, Mopati, Samuel, Moswegu, Palesa, Mothaga, Primrose, Muller, Dorothy, Nchwe, Grace, Nel, Maryna, Nhlangulela, Lindiwe, Ntamo, Bantubonke, Ntoahae, Lawerence, Ntshauba, Tedrius, Sanyaka, Nomsa, Seabela, Letlhogonolo, Selepe, Pearl, Senne, Melissa, Serake, MG, Thlapi, Maria, Tshikovhi, Vincent, Tswaile, Lebogang, van Aswegen, Amanda, Mbata, Lungile, Takavamanya, Constance, Pinho, Pedro, Mdlulu, John, Taljaard, Marthinette, Slabbert, Naydene, Sayed, Sharfuddin, Nielson, Tanya, Ni Sein, Ni, Govender, Dhineshree, Chinappa, Tilagavathy, Zulu, Mbali Ignatia, Maphanga, Nonhle Bridgette, Hlathi, Senzo Ralph, Gumede, Goodness Khanyisile, Shezi, Thandiwe Yvonne, Maphanga, Jabulisiwe Lethabo, Jali, Zandile Patrica, Cwele, Thobelani, Gwamanda, Nonhlanhla Zanele Elsie, Dlamini, Celaphiwe, Sing, Zibuyile Phindile Penlee, Ntanjana, Ntombozuko Gloria, Nzimande, Sphelele Simo, Mbatha, Siyabonga, Maharaj, Bhavna, Moosa, Atika, Corris, Cara-Mia, Kafaar, Fazlin, Geldenhuys, Hennie, Luabeya, Angelique Kany Kany, Shenje, Justin, Botes, Natasja, Rossouw, Susan, Africa, Hadn, Diamond, Bongani, Braaf, Samentra, Stryers, Sonia, Carstens, Alida, Jansen, Ruwiyda, Mabwe, Simbarashe, Mulenga, Humphrey, Herling, Roxane, Veldsman, Ashley, Makhete, Lebohgang, Steyn, Marcia, Buhlungu, Sivuyile, Erasmus, Margareth, Davids, Ilse, Plaatjie, Patiswa, Companie, Alessandro, Ratangee, Frances, Veldtsman, Helen, Petersen, Christel, Abrahams, Charmaine, Moses, Miriam, Kelepu, Xoliswa, Gregg, Yolande, Swanepoel, Liticia, Magawu, Nomsitho, Cetywayo, Nompumelelo, Mactavie, Lauren, Valley, Habibullah, Filander, Elizabeth, Nqakala, Nambitha, Maasdorp, Elizna, Khoury, Justine, Kriel, Belinda, Smith, Bronwyn, Muller, Liesel, Tonsing, Susanne, Loxton, Andre, Hiemstra, Andriette, Ahlers, Petri, Flinn, Marika, Chung, Eva, Chung, Michelle, Sato, Alicia, Scriba, Thomas J, Fiore-Gartland, Andrew, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, Kimbung Mbandi, Stanley, Borate, Bhavesh, Mendelsohn, Simon C, Hadley, Katie, Hikuam, Chris, Kaskar, Masooda, Musvosvi, Munyaradzi, Bilek, Nicole, Self, Steven, Sumner, Tom, White, Richard G, Erasmus, Mzwandile, Jaxa, Lungisa, Raphela, Rodney, Innes, Craig, Brumskine, William, Hiemstra, Andriëtte, Malherbe, Stephanus T, Hassan-Moosa, Razia, Tameris, Michèle, Walzl, Gerhard, Naidoo, Kogieleum, Churchyard, Gavin, and Hatherill, Mark
Published: 2021
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17. Review of epilepsy care in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author: Tshimbombu, Tshibambe N., primary, Shin, Minkyung, additional, Thesen, Thomas, additional, Mesu’a Kabwa, Luabeya, additional, Blackmon, Karen, additional, Kashama, Jean Marie Kashama wa, additional, Jobst, Barbara C., additional, Fontaine, Dominique, additional, Olarinde, Immanuel, additional, and Okitundu‐Luwa E‐Andjafono, Daniel, additional
Published: 2024
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18. OA-490 Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of MTBVAC in newborns in a TB endemic area: a phase 2a randomized, double-blind, dose-defining trial

Author: Tameris, Michele, primary, Barja, Sara, additional, Rozot, Virginie, additional, Imbratta, Claire, additional, Musvosvi, Munyaradzi, additional, Jelsbak, Ingrid Murillo, additional, Geldenhuys, Hennie, additional, Shenje, Justin, additional, Luabeya, Angelique, additional, Mendelsohn, Simon, additional, Tredoux, Nicolette, additional, Fisher, Michelle, additional, Bilek, Nicole, additional, Asma, Toefy, additional, Mabwe, Simbarashe, additional, Doce, Juana, additional, Aguilo, Nacho, additional, Marinova, Dessislava, additional, Puentes, Eugenia, additional, Martin, Carlos, additional, Mukherjee, Rajat, additional, Scriba, Thomas, additional, and Hatherill, Mark, additional
Published: 2023
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19. Live-attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine MTBVAC versus BCG in adults and neonates: a randomised controlled, double-blind dose-escalation trial

Author: Africa, Hadn, Arendsen, Denis, Botes, Natasja, Cloete, Yolundi, De Kock, Marwou, Erasmus, Margaret, Jack, Lungisa, Kafaar, Fazlin, Kalepu, Xoliswa, Khomba, Nondumiso Gloria, Kruger, Sandra, Leopeng, Thelma, Makhethe, Lebohang, Mouton, Angelique, Mulenga, Humphrey, Musvosvi, Munyaradzi, Noble, Julia, Opperman, Fajwa, Reid, Tim, Rossouw, Susan, Schreuder, Constance, Smit, Erica, Steyn, Marcia, Tyambethu, Petrus, Van Rooyen, Elma, Veldsman, Ashley, Tameris, Michele, Mearns, Helen, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, Gregg, Yolande, Bilek, Nicole, Mabwe, Simbarashe, Geldenhuys, Hennie, Shenje, Justin, Luabeya, Angelique Kany Kany, Murillo, Ingrid, Doce, Juana, Aguilo, Nacho, Marinova, Dessislava, Puentes, Eugenia, Rodríguez, Esteban, Gonzalo-Asensio, Jesús, Fritzell, Bernard, Thole, Jelle, Martin, Carlos, Scriba, Thomas J, and Hatherill, Mark
Published: 2019
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20. Validation of a host blood transcriptomic biomarker for pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with HIV: a prospective diagnostic and prognostic accuracy study

Author: Simon C Mendelsohn, MBChB, Andrew Fiore-Gartland, PhD, Adam Penn-Nicholson, PhD, Humphrey Mulenga, MPH, Stanley Kimbung Mbandi, PhD, Bhavesh Borate, MS, Katie Hadley, PhD, Chris Hikuam, PhD, Munyaradzi Musvosvi, PhD, Nicole Bilek, PhD, Mzwandile Erasmus, BSc, Lungisa Jaxa, BTech, Rodney Raphela, BSc, Onke Nombida, GT, Masooda Kaskar, MBChB, Tom Sumner, PhD, Richard G White, PhD, Craig Innes, MBChB, William Brumskine, MBChB, Andriëtte Hiemstra, MBChB, Stephanus T Malherbe, MBChB, Razia Hassan-Moosa, MPH, Michèle Tameris, MBChB, Gerhard Walzl, MBChB, Kogieleum Naidoo, PhD, Gavin Churchyard, PhD, Thomas J Scriba, DPhil, Mark Hatherill, ProfMD, Charmaine Abrahams, Hadn Africa, Petri Ahlers, Denis Arendsen, Tebogo Badimo, Kagiso Baepanye, Kesenogile Edna Baepanye, Bianca Bande, Nomfuneko Cynthia Batyi, Roslyn Beukes, Laudicia Tshenolo Bontsi, Obakeng Peter Booi, Mari Cathrin Botha, Samentra Braaf, Sivuyile Buhlungu, Alida Carstens, Kgomotso Violet Chauke, Thilagavathy Chinappa, Eva Chung, Michelle Chung, Ken Clarke, Yolundi Cloete, Lorraine Coetzee, Marelize Collignon, Alessandro Companie, Cara-mia Corris, Mooketsi Theophillius Cwaile, Thobelani Cwele, Ilse Davids, Isabella Johanna Davies, Emilia De Klerk, Marwou de Kock, Audrey Lebohang Dhlamini, Bongani Diamond, Maria Didloff, Celaphiwe Dlamini, Palesa Dolo, Candice Eyre, Tebogo Feni, Juanita Ferreira, Christal Ferus, Michelle Fisher, Marika Flinn, Bernadine Fransman, Welseh Phindile Galane, Hennie Geldenhuys, Diann Gempies, Thelma Goliath, Dhineshree Govender, Yolande Gregg, Goodness Gumede, Zanele Gwamada, Senzo Halti, Rieyaat Hassiem, Roxane Herling, Yulandi Herselman, Ellis Hughes, Henry Issel, Blanchard Mbay Iyemosolo, Zandile Jali, Bonita Janse Van Rensburg, Ruwiyda Jansen, James Michael Jeleni, Olebogeng Jonkane, Fabio Julies, Fazlin Kafaar, Christian Mabika Kasongo, Sophie Keffers, Boitumelo Sophy Kekana, Sebaetseng Jeanette Kekana, Xoliswa Kelepu, Lungile Khanyile, Gomotsegang Virginia Khobedi, Gloria Khomba, Lucky Sipho Khoza, Marietjie King, Gloria Keitumetse Kolobe, Sandra Kruger, Jaftha Kruger, Ndlela Israel Kunene, Sunelza Lakay, Aneesa Lakhi, Nondumiso Langa, Hildah Ledwaba, Lerato Julia Lekagane, Sheiley Christina Lekotloane, Thelma Leopeng, Ilze Jeanette Louw, Angelique Kany Kany Luabeya, Sarah Teboso Lusale, Perfect Tiisetso Maatjie, Immaculate Mabasa, Tshegofatso Dorah Mabe, Kamogelo Fortunate Mabena, Nkosinathi Charles Mabuza, Simbarashe Mabwe, Johanna Thapelo Madikwe, Octavia Mahkosazana Madikwe, Rapontwana Letlhogonolo Maebana, Malobisa Sylvester Magwasha, Molly Majola, Mantai Makhetha, Lebohang Makhethe, Vernon Malay, Vutlhari-I-Vunhenha Fairlord Manzini, Jabu Maphanga, Nonhle Maphanga, Juanita Market, Isholedi Samuel Maroele, Omphile Petunia Masibi, July Rocky Mathabanzini, Tendamudzimu Ivan Mathode, Ellen Ditaba Matsane, Lungile Mbata, Faheema Meyer, Nyasha Karen Mhandire, Thembisiwe Miga, Nosisa Charity Thandeka Mkhize, Caroline Mkhokho, Neo Hilda Mkwalase, Nondzakazi Mnqonywa, Karabo Moche, Brenda Matshidiso Modisaotsile, Patricia Pakiso Mokgetsengoane, Selemeng Matseliso Carol Mokone, Kegomoditswe Magdeline Molatlhegi, Thuso Andrew Molefe, Joseph Panie Moloko, Kabelo Molosi, Motlatsi Evelyn Molotsi, Tebogo Edwin Montwedi, Boikanyo Dinah Monyemangene, Hellen Mokopi Mooketsi, Miriam Moses, Boitumelo Mosito, Tshplpfelo Mapula Mosito, Ireen Lesebang Mosweu, Primrose Mothaga, Banyana Olga Motlagomang, Angelique Mouton, Onesisa Mpofu, Funeka Nomvula Mthembu, Mpho Mtlali, Nhlamulo Ndlovu, Nompumelelo Ngcobo, Julia Noble, Bantubonke Bertrum Ntamo, Gloria Ntanjana, Tedrius Ntshauba, Fajwa Opperman, Nesri Padayatchi, Thandiwe Papalagae, Christel Petersen, Themba Phakathi, Mapule Ozma Phatshwane, Patiswa Plaatjie, Abe Pretorius, Victor Kgothatso Rameetse, Dirhona Ramjit, Frances Ratangee, Maigan Ratangee, Pearl Nomsa Sanyaka, Alicia Sato, Elisma Schoeman, Constance Schreuder, Letlhogonolo Seabela, Kelebogile Magdeline Segaetsho, Ni Ni Sein, Raesibe Agnes Pearl Selepe, Melissa Neo Senne, Alison September, Cashwin September, Moeti Serake, Justin Shenje, Thandiwe Shezi, Sifiso Cornelius Shezi, Phindile Sing, Chandrapharbha Singh, Zona Sithetho, Dorothy Solomons, Kim Stanley, Marcia Steyn, Bongiwe Stofile, Sonia Stryers, Liticia Swanepoel, Anne Swarts, Mando Mmakhora Thaba, Lethabo Collen Theko, Philile Thembela, Mugwena Thompo, Asma Toefy, Khayalethu Toto, Dimakatso Sylvia Tsagae, Ayanda Tsamane, Vincent Tshikovhi, Lebogang Isaac Tswaile, Petrus Tyambetyu, Susanne Tönsing, Habibullah Valley, Linda van der Merwe, Elma van Rooyen, Ashley Veldsman, Helen Veldtsman, Kelvin Vollenhoven, Londiwe Zaca, Elaine Zimri, and Mbali Zulu
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: A rapid, blood-based triage test that allows targeted investigation for tuberculosis at the point of care could shorten the time to tuberculosis treatment and reduce mortality. We aimed to test the performance of a host blood transcriptomic signature (RISK11) in diagnosing tuberculosis and predicting progression to active pulmonary disease (prognosis) in people with HIV in a community setting. Methods: In this prospective diagnostic and prognostic accuracy study, adults (aged 18–59 years) with HIV were recruited from five communities in South Africa. Individuals with a history of tuberculosis or household exposure to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis within the past 3 years, comorbid risk factors for tuberculosis, or any condition that would interfere with the study were excluded. RISK11 status was assessed at baseline by real-time PCR; participants and study staff were masked to the result. Participants underwent active surveillance for microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis by providing spontaneously expectorated sputum samples at baseline, if symptomatic during 15 months of follow-up, and at 15 months (the end of the study). The coprimary outcomes were the prevalence and cumulative incidence of tuberculosis disease confirmed by a positive Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert Ultra, or Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube culture, or a combination of such, on at least two separate sputum samples collected within any 30-day period. Findings: Between March 22, 2017, and May 15, 2018, 963 participants were assessed for eligibility and 861 were enrolled. Among 820 participants with valid RISK11 results, eight (1%) had prevalent tuberculosis at baseline: seven (2·5%; 95% CI 1·2–5·0) of 285 RISK11-positive participants and one (0·2%; 0·0–1·1) of 535 RISK11-negative participants. The relative risk (RR) of prevalent tuberculosis was 13·1 times (95% CI 2·1–81·6) greater in RISK11-positive participants than in RISK11-negative participants. RISK11 had a diagnostic area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 88·2% (95% CI 77·6–96·7), and a sensitivity of 87·5% (58·3–100·0) and specificity of 65·8% (62·5–69·0) at a predefined score threshold (60%). Of those with RISK11 results, eight had primary endpoint incident tuberculosis during 15 months of follow-up. Tuberculosis incidence was 2·5 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0·7–4·4) in the RISK11-positive group and 0·2 per 100 person-years (0·0–0·5) in the RISK11-negative group. The probability of primary endpoint incident tuberculosis was greater in the RISK11-positive group than in the RISK11-negative group (cumulative incidence ratio 16·0 [95% CI 2·0–129·5]). RISK11 had a prognostic AUC of 80·0% (95% CI 70·6–86·9), and a sensitivity of 88·6% (43·5–98·7) and a specificity of 68·9% (65·3–72·3) for incident tuberculosis at the 60% threshold. Interpretation: RISK11 identified prevalent tuberculosis and predicted risk of progression to incident tuberculosis within 15 months in ambulant people living with HIV. RISK11's performance approached, but did not meet, WHO's target product profile benchmarks for screening and prognostic tests for tuberculosis. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the South African Medical Research Council.
Published: 2021
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21. Tongue swab testing on two automated tuberculosis diagnostic platforms, Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Molbio Truenat MTB Ultima

Author: Wood, Rachel C., primary, Luabeya, Angelique K., additional, Dragovich, Rane B., additional, Olson, Alaina M., additional, Lochner, Katherine M., additional, Weigel, Kris M., additional, Codsi, Renee, additional, Mulenga, Humphrey, additional, de Vos, Margaretha, additional, Kohli, Mikashmi, additional, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, additional, Hatherill, Mark, additional, and Cangelosi, Gerard A., additional
Published: 2023
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22. Influence of Gaze, Vision, and Memory on Hand Kinematics in a Placement Task

Author: Luabeya, Gaelle N., primary, Yan, Xiaogang, additional, Freud, Erez, additional, and Crawford, J. Douglas, additional
Published: 2023
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23. Preferences of healthcare workers using tongue swabs for tuberculosis diagnosis during COVID-19

Author: Codsi, Renée, primary, Errett, Nicole A., additional, Luabeya, Angelique K., additional, Van As, Danelle, additional, Hatherill, Mark, additional, Shapiro, Adrienne E., additional, Lochner, Katherine A., additional, Vingino, Alexandria R., additional, Kohn, Marlana J., additional, and Cangelosi, Gerard A., additional
Published: 2023
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24. Safety and immunogenicity of the novel tuberculosis vaccine ID93 + GLA-SE in BCG-vaccinated healthy adults in South Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial

Author: Penn-Nicholson, Adam, Tameris, Michele, Smit, Erica, Day, Tracey A, Musvosvi, Munyaradzi, Jayashankar, Lakshmi, Vergara, Julie, Mabwe, Simbarashe, Bilek, Nicole, Geldenhuys, Hendrik, Luabeya, Angelique Kany-Kany, Ellis, Ruth, Ginsberg, Ann M, Hanekom, Willem A, Reed, Steven G, Coler, Rhea N, Scriba, Thomas J, and Hatherill, Mark
Published: 2018
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25. Regional changes in tuberculosis disease burden among adolescents in South Africa (2005-2015).

Author: Erick Wekesa Bunyasi, Humphrey Mulenga, Angelique K K Luabeya, Justin Shenje, Simon C Mendelsohn, Elisa Nemes, Michele Tameris, Robin Wood, Thomas J Scriba, and Mark Hatherill
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Adolescents in the Western Cape Province of South Africa had high force of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection (14% per annum) and high TB incidence (710 per 100,000 person-years) in 2005. We describe subsequent temporal changes in adolescent TB disease notification rates for the decade 2005-2015. METHOD:We conducted an analysis of patient-level adolescent (age 10-19 years) TB disease data, obtained from an electronic TB register in the Breede Valley sub-district, Western Cape Province, South Africa, for 2005-2015. Numerators were annual TB notifications (HIV-related and HIV-unrelated); denominators were mid-year population estimates. Period averages of TB rates were obtained using time series modeling. Temporal trends in TB rates were explored using the Mann-Kendall test. FINDINGS:The average adolescent TB disease notification rate was 477 per 100,000 for all TB patients (all-TB) and 361 per 100,000 for microbiologically-confirmed patients. The adolescent all-TB rate declined by 45% from 662 to 361 per 100,000 and the microbiologically-confirmed TB rate by 38% from 492 to 305 per 100,000 between 2005-2015, driven mainly by rapid decreases for the period 2005-2009. There was a statistically significant negative temporal trend in both all-TB (per 100,000) (declined by 48%; from 662 to 343; p = 0·028) and microbiologically confirmed TB (per 100,000) (declined by 49%; from 492 to 252; p = 0·027) for 2005-2009, which was not observed for the period 2009-2015 (rose 5%; from 343 to 361; p = 0·764 and rose 21%; from 252 to 305; p = 1·000, respectively). INTERPRETATION:We observed an encouraging fall in adolescent TB disease rates between 2005-2009 with a subsequent plateau during 2010-2015, suggesting that additional interventions are needed to sustain initial advances in TB control.
Published: 2020
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26. Sample adequacy controls for infectious disease diagnosis by oral swabbing.

Author: Meagan Deviaene, Kris M Weigel, Rachel C Wood, Angelique K K Luabeya, Lisa Jones-Engel, Mark Hatherill, and Gerard A Cangelosi
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Oral swabs are emerging as a non-invasive sample type for diagnosing infectious diseases including Ebola, tuberculosis (TB), and COVID-19. To assure proper sample collection, sample adequacy controls (SACs) are needed that detect substances indicative of samples collected within the oral cavity. This study evaluated two candidate SACs for this purpose. One detected representative oral microbiota (Streptococcus species DNA) and the other, human cells (human mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for the two target cell types were applied to buccal swabs (representing samples collected within the oral cavity) and hand swabs (representing improperly collected samples) obtained from 51 healthy U.S. volunteers. Quantification cycle (Cq) cutoffs that maximized Youden's index were established for each assay. The streptococcal target at a Cq cutoff of ≤34.9 had 99.0% sensitivity and specificity for oral swab samples, whereas human mtDNA perfectly distinguished between hand and mouth swabs with a Cq cutoff of 31.3. The human mtDNA test was then applied to buccal, tongue, and gum swabs that had previously been collected from TB patients and controls in South Africa, along with "air swabs" collected as negative controls (total N = 292 swabs from 71 subjects). Of these swabs, 287/292 (98%) exhibited the expected Cq values. In a paired analysis the three oral sites yielded indistinguishable amounts of human mtDNA, however PurFlockTM swabs collected slightly more human mtDNA than did OmniSwabsTM (p = 0.012). The results indicate that quantification of human mtDNA cannot distinguish swabs collected from different sites within the mouth. However, it can reliably distinguish oral swabs from swabs that were not used orally, which makes it a useful SAC for oral swab-based diagnosis.
Published: 2020
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27. Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF rollout on management of tuberculosis in a South African community

Author: M Tameris, H Geldenhuys, B-M Schmidt, A Luabeya, H Mulenga, E Bunyasi, T Scriba, and M Hatherill
Subjects: Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Background. The Xpert MTB/RIF test shortens the time to microbiological confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) under research conditions.Objective. To evaluate the field impact of Xpert MTB/RIF rollout on TB diagnostic yield and time to treatment in a South African (SA) community.Methods. We compared TB investigation outcomes for 6-month calendar periods before and after Xpert MTB/RIF rollout in a semi-rural area of SA. The proportion of adult patients who tested positive by sputum smear microscopy, liquid culture or Xpert MTB/RIF and the proportion of positive sputum smear, liquid culture or Xpert MTB/RIF tests were compared. Secondary outcomes included time to laboratory diagnosis and treatment initiation. Data were collected from the National Health Laboratory Service database and from the Western Cape Provincial Department of Health TB register.Results. Regional rollout of Xpert MTB/RIF testing occurred in 2013. Of the 15 629 patients investigated in the post-rollout period, 7.9% tested positive on GeneXpert, compared with 6.4% of the 10 741 investigated in the pre-rollout period who tested positive by sputum smear microscopy (p
Published: 2017
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28. Dementia and cognitive impairment in French-speaking Sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review on moving out of the shadows of neglect

Author: Nkouonlack, Cyrille D., primary, Njamnshi, Wepnyu Y., additional, Angwafor, Samuel A., additional, Fodjo, Joseph N. Siewe, additional, Mengnjo, Michel K., additional, Ngarka, Leonard, additional, Mbede, Maggy, additional, Nfor, Leonard N., additional, Abomate, Carlson, additional, Nganchfu, Kevin, additional, Ahidjo, Nene, additional, Atchou, Jonas G. Basseguin, additional, Mendo, Edwige L., additional, Esene, Ignatius, additional, Mbong, Eta N., additional, Bila, Eric G., additional, Nchufor, Roland N., additional, Vechio, Lorella, additional, Mouofor, Edmond N., additional, Belinga, Luc N., additional, Fonsah, Julius Y., additional, Nsoh, Edith N., additional, Dema, Fidele, additional, Chokote, Eric S., additional, Tabah, Earnest N., additional, Kenmogne, Caroline, additional, Wadop, Yannick N., additional, Kiatoko, Nono Ponte, additional, Sakadi, Fouksona, additional, Epenge, Emmanuel, additional, Djibo, Fatimata H., additional, Dardar, Ibrahim, additional, Kapto, Olivier, additional, Tatah, Godwin Y., additional, Ongolo-Zogo, Pierre, additional, Nsagha, Dickson S., additional, Houesso, Mendinatou A., additional, Diallo, Seybou H., additional, Diarra, Evelyne, additional, Ayele, Biniyam A., additional, Mpandzou, GA., additional, Sounga, Eliot, additional, Ossou-Nguiet, Paul M., additional, Maiga, Yousoufa, additional, Napon, Christian, additional, Mbelesso, Pascal, additional, Guerchet, Maelenn, additional, Toure, Kamadore, additional, Koume-Assouan, Ange-Eric, additional, Tehindrazanarivelo, Alain D., additional, Kouna, Philomene, additional, Tchoua, Roman, additional, Houinatou, Disman, additional, Millogo, Athanase, additional, Kissani, Najib, additional, Luabeya, Mesua K., additional, Balugou, Agnon A.K., additional, Nditei, David, additional, Beugre, Kouassi, additional, Richetin, Kevin, additional, Vulliemoz, Serge, additional, Perrig, Stephen, additional, Chabwine, Joelle N., additional, Sztajzel, Roman, additional, Etya'ale, Daniel, additional, Annoni, Jean Marie, additional, Etet, Paul F. Seke, additional, Ihunwo, Amadi O., additional, Leke, Rose G.F., additional, Ondoa, Marie Therese Obama, additional, Cavazos, Jose E., additional, Maestre, Gladys, additional, Seshadri, Sudha, additional, Fongang, Bernard, additional, and Njamnshi, Alfred K., additional
Published: 2023
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29. Safety and immunogenicity of VPM1002 versus BCG in South African newborn babies: a randomised, phase 2 non-inferiority double-blind controlled trial

Author: Mark F Cotton, Shabir A Madhi, Angelique K Luabeya, Michele Tameris, Anneke C Hesseling, Justin Shenje, Elisma Schoeman, Mark Hatherill, Sajjad Desai, Dhananjay Kapse, Sina Brückner, Anthonet Koen, Lisa Jose, Andrew Moultrie, Sutika Bhikha, Gerhard Walzl, Andrea Gutschmidt, Leigh A Kotze, Devon L Allies, Andre G Loxton, Umesh Shaligram, Maria Abraham, Hilary Johnstone, Leander Grode, S H E Kaufmann, and Prasad S Kulkarni
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Lymphadenopathy, HIV Infections, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Interferon-gamma, South Africa, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Infectious Diseases, Double-Blind Method, BCG Vaccine, Humans, Tuberculosis
Abstract: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem worldwide. Immunisation with Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is partially effective in infants, reducing the incidence of miliary and tuberculosis meningitis, but is less effective against pulmonary tuberculosis. We aimed to compare safety and immunogenicity of VPM1002-a recombinant BCG vaccine developed to address this gap-with BCG in HIV exposed and HIV unexposed newborn babies.This double-blind, randomised, active controlled phase 2 study was conducted at four health centres in South Africa. Eligible neonates were aged 12 days or younger with a birthweight of 2·5-4·2 kg, and could be HIV exposed (seropositive mothers) or unexposed (seronegative mothers). Newborn babies were excluded if they had acute or chronic illness, fever, hypothermia, sepsis, cancer, or congenital malformation, or if they received blood products or immunosuppressive therapy. Participants were excluded if their mothers (aged ≥18 years) had active tuberculosis disease, diabetes, a history of immunodeficiency except for HIV, hepatitis B or syphilis seropositivity, received blood products in the preceding 6 months, any acute infectious disease, or any suspected substance abuse. Participants were randomly assigned to VPM1002 or BCG vaccination in a 3:1 ratio, stratified by HIV status using the random number generator function in SAS, using a block size of eight paticipants. The primary outcome was non-inferiority (margin 15%) of VPM1002 to BCG vaccine in terms of incidence of grade 3-4 adverse drug reactions or ipsilateral or generalised lymphadenopathy of 10 mm or greater in diameter by 12 months. The primary outcome was assessed in all vaccinated participants (safety population) at regular follow-up visits until 12 months after vaccination. Secondary immunogenicity outcomes were interferon-γ levels and percentages of multifunctional CD4sup+/supand CD8sup+/supT cells among all lymphocytes across the 12 month study period. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02391415.Between June 4, 2015 and Oct 16, 2017, 416 eligible newborn babies were randomly assigned and received study vaccine. Seven (2%) of 312 participants in the VPM1002 group had a grade 3-4 vaccine-related adverse reaction or lymphadenopathy of 10 mm or greater in diameter compared with 34 (33%) of 104 participants in the BCG group (risk difference -30·45% [95% CI -39·61% to -21·28%]; psubnon-inferiority/sublt;0·0001); VPM1002 was thus non-inferior to BCG for the primary outcome. Incidence of severe injection site reactions was lower with VPM1002 than BCG: scarring occurred in 65 (21%) participants in the VPM1002 group versus 77 (74%) participants in the BCG group (plt;0·0001); ulceration occurred in one (lt;1%) versus 15 (14%; plt;0·0001); and abscess formation occurred in five (2%) versus 23 (22%; plt;0·0001). Restimulated IFNγ concentrations were lower in the VPM1002 group than the BCG group at week 6, week 12, month 6, and month 12. The percentage of multifunctional CD4sup+/supT cells was higher in the VPM1002 group than the BCG group at day 14 but lower at week 6, week 12, month 6, and month 12. The percentage of multifunctional CD8sup+/supT cells was lower in the VPM1002 group than the BCG group at week 6, week 12, and month 6, but did not differ at other timepoints.VPM1002 was less reactogenic than BCG and was not associated with any serious safety concern. Both vaccines were immunogenic, although responses were higher with the BCG vaccine. VPM1002 is currently being studied for efficacy and safety in a multicentric phase 3 clinical trial in babies in sub-Saharan Africa.Serum Institute of India.
Published: 2022

30. Dementia and cognitive impairment in French-speaking Sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review on moving out of the shadows of neglect

Author: Cyrille D. Nkouonlack, Wepnyu Y. Njamnshi, Samuel A. Angwafor, Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo, Michel K. Mengnjo, Leonard Ngarka, Maggy Mbede, Leonard N. Nfor, Carlson Abomate, Kevin Nganchfu, Nene Ahidjo, Jonas G. Basseguin Atchou, Edwige L. Mendo, Ignatius Esene, Eta N. Mbong, Eric G. Bila, Roland N. Nchufor, Lorella Vechio, Edmond N. Mouofor, Luc N. Belinga, Julius Y. Fonsah, Edith N. Nsoh, Fidele Dema, Eric S. Chokote, Earnest N. Tabah, Caroline Kenmogne, Yannick N. Wadop, Nono Ponte Kiatoko, Fouksona Sakadi, Emmanuel Epenge, Fatimata H. Djibo, Ibrahim Dardar, Olivier Kapto, Godwin Y. Tatah, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo, Dickson S. Nsagha, Mendinatou A. Houesso, Seybou H. Diallo, Evelyne Diarra, Biniyam A. Ayele, GA. Mpandzou, Eliot Sounga, Paul M. Ossou-Nguiet, Yousoufa Maiga, Christian Napon, Pascal Mbelesso, Maelenn Guerchet, Kamadore Toure, Ange-Eric Koume-Assouan, Alain D. Tehindrazanarivelo, Philomene Kouna, Roman Tchoua, Disman Houinatou, Athanase Millogo, Najib Kissani, Mesua K. Luabeya, Agnon A.K. Balugou, David Nditei, Kouassi Beugre, Kevin Richetin, Serge Vulliemoz, Stephen Perrig, Joelle N. Chabwine, Roman Sztajzel, Daniel Etya'ale, Jean Marie Annoni, Paul F. Seke Etet, Amadi O. Ihunwo, Rose G.F. Leke, Marie Therese Obama Ondoa, Jose E. Cavazos, Gladys Maestre, Sudha Seshadri, Bernard Fongang, and Alfred K. Njamnshi
Abstract: Dementia is a global public health problem with increasing prevalence and incidence worldwide. The African continent is expected to bear the biggest brunt of the burden of dementia by 2050 because of the rapid demographic changes, including rapid population growth, an increase in life expectancy, and ageing. However, French-speaking Sub-Saharan African (FS-SSA) countries are underrepresented in research on dementia in Africa. While the reasons are diverse and complex, linguistic and cultural barriers to research, disproportionately affect these countries and may be significant factors. Any efforts, therefore, to redress the burden of dementia in Africa must consider the specific demographic, cultural, and linguistic characteristics of FS-SSA countries. This scoping review explores the current state of knowledge in dementia and cognitive impairment in Sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting research gaps and specific patterns unique to FS-SSA Africa. We identify pathways for research to bridge the knowledge gaps on dementia in FS-SSA as part of the global endeavor to tackle dementia worldwide.
Published: 2023

31. Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine in people living with and without HIV-1 infection: a randomised, controlled, phase 2A/2B trial

Author: Shabir A Madhi, Dhayendre Moodley, Sherika Hanley, Moherndran Archary, Zaheer Hoosain, Umesh Lalloo, Cheryl Louw, Lee Fairlie, Leon Frederik Fouche, Mduduzi S L Masilela, Nishanta Singh, Coert Grobbelaar, Khatija Ahmed, Gabriella Benadé, Sutika Bhikha, As'ad Ebrahim Bhorat, Qasim Bhorat, Natasha Joseph, Keertan Dheda, Aliasgar Esmail, Sharne Foulkes, Ameena Goga, Aylin Oommen Jose, Gertruida Kruger, Dishiki J Kalonji, Natasha Lalloo, Johan J Lombaard, Anthonet Lombard Koen, Angelique Kany Luabeya, Rosie Mngqibisa, Friedrich G Petrick, Annah Pitsi, Michele Tameris, Asha Thombrayil, Pieter-Louis Vollgraaff, Shane Cloney-Clark, Mingzhu Zhu, Chijioke Bennett, Gary Albert, Emmanuel Faust, Joyce S Plested, Lou Fries, Andreana Robertson, Susan Neal, Iksung Cho, Greg M Glenn, and Vivek Shinde
Subjects: COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, Immunology, COVID-19, HIV Infections, Viral Vaccines, Antibodies, Viral, Infectious Diseases, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Immunoglobulin G, Virology, HIV Seropositivity, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, HIV-1, Humans, Nanoparticles
Abstract: There is a paucity of data on COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV-1, who could be at increased risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a Matrix-M adjuvanted recombinant spike protein nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373; Novavax) in HIV-negative people and people living with HIV-1.In this randomised, observer-blinded, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 2A/B trial in South Africa, participants aged 18-84 years, with and without underlying HIV-1, were enrolled from 16 sites and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive two intramuscular injections of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo, 21 days apart. People living with HIV-1 were on stable antiretroviral therapy and had an HIV-1 viral load of less than 1000 copies per mL. Vaccine dosage was 5 μg SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein with 50 μg Matrix-M adjuvant, whereas 0·9% saline was used as placebo injection (volume 0·5 mL each). All study staff and participants remained masked to study group assignment. We previously reported an interim analysis on the efficacy and safety of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine (coprimary endpoints). In this Article, we present an expanded safety analysis for the full cohort of participants and report on the secondary objective of vaccine immunogenicity in the full cohort of people living with HIV-1 and in HIV-negative individuals overall and stratified by baseline SARS-CoV-2 serostatus. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04533399, and the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR202009726132275.Participants were enrolled between Aug 17 and Nov 25, 2020. The safety analysis set included 4164 HIV-negative participants (2089 in the intervention group and 2075 in the placebo group) and 244 people living with HIV-1 (122 in the intervention group and 122 in the placebo group). 1422 (34·1%) of 4164 HIV-negative people and 83 (34·0%) of 244 people living with HIV-1 were categorised as baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive (ie, anti-spike IgG reactive at enrolment or had a reactive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test by 14 days after the second study vaccination). In the NVX-CoV2373 group, solicited local and systemic adverse events were more common in HIV-negative participants (427 [30·6%] local and 401 [28·7%] systemic) than in people living with HIV-1 (20 [25·3%] local and 20 [25·3%] systemic) among those who were baseline SARS-CoV-2-seronegative (naive). Of the serious adverse events that occurred among HIV-negative people (of whom, two [0·1%] were baseline SARS-CoV-2-negative and four [0·6%] were baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive) and people living with HIV-1 (for whom there were no serious adverse events) in the NVX-CoV2373 group, none were assessed as related to the vaccine. Among participants who were baseline SARS-CoV-2-negative in the NVX-CoV2373 group, the anti-spike IgG geometric mean titres (GMTs) and seroconversion rates (SCRs) were lower in people living with HIV-1 (n=62) than in HIV-negative people (n=1234) following the first vaccination (GMT: 508·6 vs 1195·3 ELISA units [EU]/mL; SCR: 51·6% vs 81·3%); and similarly so 14 days after the second vaccination for GMTs (14 420·5 vs 31 631·8 EU/mL), whereas the SCR was similar at this point (100·0% vs 99·3%). In the NVX-CoV2373 group, anti-spike IgG GMTs 14 days after the second vaccination were substantially higher in those who were baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive than in those who were baseline SARS-CoV-2-seronegative for HIV-negative participants (100 666·1 vs 31 631·8 EU/mL) and for people living with HIV-1 (98 399·5 vs 14 420·5 EU/mL). This was also the case for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor-binding antibody and neutralising antibody titres.The safety of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine in people living with HIV-1 was similar to that in HIV-negative participants. However, people living with HIV-1 not previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 had attenuated humoral immune responses to NVX-CoV2373 compared with their HIV-negative vaccine counterparts, but not so if they were baseline SARS-CoV-2-positive.Novavax and the BillMelinda Gates Foundation; investigational vaccine manufacturing support was provided by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
Published: 2022

32. Molecular Detection of Airborne

Author: Erick W, Bunyasi, Keren, Middelkoop, Anastasia, Koch, Zeenat, Hoosen, Humphrey, Mulenga, Angelique K K, Luabeya, Justin, Shenje, Simon C, Mendelsohn, Michele, Tameris, Thomas J, Scriba, Digby F, Warner, Robin, Wood, Jason R, Andrews, and Mark, Hatherill
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Male, Risk, Inhalation Exposure, South Africa, Cross-Sectional Studies, Schools, Adolescent, Air Microbiology, Humans, Tuberculosis, Female, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Published: 2023

33. Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in health-care workers in South Africa (the Sisonke study): results from a single-arm, open-label, phase 3B, implementation study

Author: Linda-Gail Bekker, Nigel Garrett, Ameena Goga, Lara Fairall, Tarylee Reddy, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Reshma Kassanjee, Shirley Collie, Ian Sanne, Andrew Boulle, Ishen Seocharan, Imke Engelbrecht, Mary-Ann Davies, Jared Champion, Tommy Chen, Sarah Bennett, Selaelo Mametja, Mabatlo Semenya, Harry Moultrie, Tulio de Oliveira, Richard John Lessells, Cheryl Cohen, Waasila Jassat, Michelle Groome, Anne Von Gottberg, Engelbert Le Roux, Kentse Khuto, Dan Barouch, Hassan Mahomed, Milani Wolmarans, Petro Rousseau, Debbie Bradshaw, Michelle Mulder, Jessica Opie, Vernon Louw, Barry Jacobson, Pradeep Rowji, Jonny G Peter, Azwi Takalani, Jackline Odhiambo, Fatima Mayat, Simbarashe Takuva, Lawrence Corey, Glenda E Gray, William Brumskine, Nivashnee Naicker, Disebo Makhaza, Vimla Naicker, Logashvari Naidoo, Elizabeth Spooner, Elane van Nieuwenhuizen, Kathryn Mngadi, Maphoshane Nchabeleng, James Craig Innes, Katherine Gill, Friedrich Georg Petrick, Shaun Barnabas, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Sheetal Kassim, Scott Hayden Mahoney, Erica Lazarus, Anusha Nana, Rebone Molobane Maboa, Philip Kotze, Johan Lombaard, Daniel Rudolf Malan, Sheena Kotze, Phuthi Mohlala, Amy Ward, Graeme Meintjes, Dorothea Urbach, Faeezah Patel, Andreas Diacon, Khatija Ahmed, Coert Grobbelaar, Pamela Mda, Thozama Dubula, Angelique Luabeya, Musawenkosi Bhekithemba Mamba, Lesley Burgess, and Rodney Dawson
Subjects: Adult, Male, South Africa, Vaccines, Ad26COVS1, Adolescent, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Humans, Female, HIV Infections, General Medicine, Aged
Abstract: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a single dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (JohnsonJohnson) in health-care workers in South Africa during two waves of the South African COVID-19 epidemic.In the single-arm, open-label, phase 3B implementation Sisonke study, health-care workers aged 18 years and older were invited for vaccination at one of 122 vaccination sites nationally. Participants received a single dose of 5 × 10Between Feb 17 and May 17, 2021, 477 102 health-care workers were enrolled and vaccinated, of whom 357 401 (74·9%) were female and 119 701 (25·1%) were male, with a median age of 42·0 years (33·0-51·0). 215 813 vaccinated individuals were matched with 215 813 unvaccinated individuals. As of data cutoff (July 17, 2021), vaccine effectiveness derived from the total matched cohort was 83% (95% CI 75-89) to prevent COVID-19-related deaths, 75% (69-82) to prevent COVID-19-related hospital admissions requiring critical or intensive care, and 67% (62-71) to prevent COVID-19-related hospitalisations. The vaccine effectiveness for all three outcomes were consistent across scheme A and scheme B. The vaccine effectiveness was maintained in older health-care workers and those with comorbidities including HIV infection. During the course of the study, the beta (B.1.351) and then the delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns were dominant, and vaccine effectiveness remained consistent (for scheme A plus B vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related hospital admission during beta wave was 62% [95% CI 42-76] and during delta wave was 67% [62-71], and vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related death during beta wave was 86% [57-100] and during delta wave was 82% [74-89]).The single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine shows effectiveness against severe COVID-19 disease and COVID-19-related death after vaccination, and against both beta and delta variants, providing real-world evidence for its use globally.National Treasury of South Africa, the National Department of Health, Solidarity Response Fund NPC, The MichaelSusan Dell Foundation, The Elma Vaccines and Immunization Foundation, and the BillMelinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2022

34. Molecular Detection of Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis in South African High Schools

Author: Jason R. Andrews, Erick Wekesa Bunyasi, Humphrey Mulenga, Mark Hatherill, Justin Shenje, Angelique Kany Kany Luabeya, Anastasia Koch, Simon C Mendelsohn, Keren Middelkoop, Zeenat Hoosen, Digby F. Warner, Robin Wood, Michele Tameris, and Thomas J. Scriba
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Air filtration, medicine.medical_specialty, Average risk, Tuberculosis, biology, business.industry, education, Tb screening, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Sputum sample, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Interquartile range, Co2 concentration, Internal medicine, medicine, business
Abstract: Rationale South African adolescents carry a high tuberculosis disease burden. It is not known if schools are high-risk settings for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) transmission. Objectives To detect airborne MTB genomic DNA in classrooms. Methods We studied 72 classrooms occupied by 1,836 students in two South African schools. High-volume air filtration was performed for median 40 minutes (interquartile range 35-54) and assayed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) targeting MTB Region of Difference 9 (RD9), with concurrent CO2 concentration measurement. Classroom data were benchmarked against public health clinics. Students who consented to individual TB screening completed a questionnaire and sputum collection (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra) if symptom-positive. Poisson statistics were used for MTB RD9 copy quantification. Measurements and Main Results ddPCR assays were positive in 13/72 (18.1%) classroom and 4/39 (10.3%) clinic measurements (p=0.276). Median ambient CO2 concentration was 886 ppm (IQR 747-1223) in classrooms vs. 490 ppm (IQR 405-587) in clinics (p
Published: 2022

35. Single-cell profiling reveals distinct subsets of CD14+ monocytes drive blood immune signatures of active tuberculosis

Author: Hillman, Hannah, primary, Khan, Nabeela, additional, Singhania, Akul, additional, Dubelko, Paige, additional, Soldevila, Ferran, additional, Tippalagama, Rashmi, additional, DeSilva, Aruna D., additional, Gunasena, Bandu, additional, Perera, Judy, additional, Scriba, Thomas J., additional, Ontong, Cynthia, additional, Fisher, Michelle, additional, Luabeya, Angelique, additional, Taplitz, Randy, additional, Seumois, Gregory, additional, Vijayanand, Pandurangan, additional, Hedrick, Catherine C., additional, Peters, Bjoern, additional, and Burel, Julie G., additional
Published: 2023
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36. Live-Attenuated M. Tuberculosis Vaccine, MTBVAC, in Adults with or Without M. Tuberculosis Sensitization: A Phase 1b/2a Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Dose-Escalation Trial

Author: Luabeya, Angelique Kany Kany, primary, Rozot, Virginie, additional, Imbratta, Claire, additional, Ratangee, Frances, additional, Shenje, Justin, additional, Tameris, Michèle, additional, Mendelsohn, Simon C., additional, Geldenhuys, Hennie, additional, Fisher, Michelle, additional, Musvosvi, Munyaradzi, additional, Mulenga, Humphrey, additional, Bilek, Nicole, additional, Mabwe, Simbarashe, additional, Murillo Jelsbak, Ingrid, additional, Rodríguez, Esteban, additional, Puentes, Eugenia, additional, Doce, Juana, additional, Aguilo, Nacho, additional, Martin, Carlos, additional, Pillay, Cadwill, additional, Tait, Dereck, additional, Schrager, Lewis, additional, Russell, Marisa, additional, Rutkowski, Kathryn, additional, Hunt, Devin, additional, Scriba, Thomas J., additional, and Hatherill, Mark, additional
Published: 2023
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37. A randomized clinical trial in adults and newborns in South Africa to compare the safety and immunogenicity of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine administration via a disposable-syringe jet injector to conventional technique with needle and syringe

Author: Geldenhuys, Hennie D., Mearns, Helen, Foster, Jennifer, Saxon, Eugene, Kagina, Benjamin, Saganic, Laura, Jarrahian, Courtney, Tameris, Michele D., Dintwe, One B., Van Rooyen, Michele, Luabeya, Kany-Kany A., Hussey, Gregory, Scriba, Thomas J., Hatherill, Mark, and Zehrung, Darin
Published: 2015
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38. First-in-human trial of the post-exposure tuberculosis vaccine H56:IC31 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected and non-infected healthy adults

Author: Luabeya, Angelique Kany Kany, Kagina, Benjamin M.N., Tameris, Michele D., Geldenhuys, Hennie, Hoff, Soren T., Shi, Zhongkai, Kromann, Ingrid, Hatherill, Mark, Mahomed, Hassan, Hanekom, Willem A., Andersen, Peter, Scriba, Thomas J., Schoeman, Elisma, Krohn, Colleen, Day, Cheryl L., Africa, Hadn, Makhethe, Lebohang, Smit, Erica, Brown, Yolande, Suliman, Sara, Hughes, E. Jane, Bang, Peter, Snowden, Margaret A., McClain, Bruce, and Hussey, Gregory D.
Published: 2015
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39. Safety and immunogenicity of candidate vaccine M72/AS01E in adolescents in a TB endemic setting

Author: Penn-Nicholson, Adam, Geldenhuys, Hennie, Burny, Wivine, van der Most, Robbert, Day, Cheryl L., Jongert, Erik, Moris, Philippe, Hatherill, Mark, Ofori-Anyinam, Opokua, Hanekom, Willem, Bollaerts, Anne, Demoitie, Marie-Ange, Kany Luabeya, Angelique Kany, De Ruymaeker, Evi, Tameris, Michele, Lapierre, Didier, and Scriba, Thomas J.
Published: 2015
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40. A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial of the novel tuberculosis vaccine AERAS-402, an adenovirus-vectored fusion protein, in healthy, BCG-vaccinated infants

Author: Tameris, M., Hokey, D.A., Nduba, V., Sacarlal, J., Laher, F., Kiringa, G., Gondo, K., Lazarus, E.M., Gray, G.E., Nachman, S., Mahomed, H., Downing, K., Abel, B., Scriba, T.J., McClain, J.B., Pau, M.G., Hendriks, J., Dheenadhayalan, V., Ishmukhamedov, S., Luabeya, A.K.K., Geldenhuys, H., Shepherd, B., Blatner, G., Cardenas, V., Walker, R., Hanekom, W.A., Sadoff, J., Douoguih, M., Barker, L., and Hatherill, M.
Published: 2015
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41. Preferences of health care workers using tongue swabs for tuberculosis diagnosis during COVID-19

Author: Codsi, Renée, primary, Errett, Nicole A., additional, Luabeya, Angelique K., additional, Hatherill, Mark, additional, Shapiro, Adrienne E., additional, Lochner, Katherine A., additional, Vingino, Alexandria R., additional, Kohn, Marlena J., additional, and Cangelosi, Gerard A., additional
Published: 2022
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42. Cortical Integration of Multimodal Cues for Reach / Grasp planning

Author: Luabeya, Gaelle, primary, Le, Ada, additional, Freud, Erez, additional, Monaco, Simona, additional, and Crawford, J. Douglas, additional
Published: 2022
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43. Preferences of health care workers using tongue swabs for tuberculosis diagnosis during COVID-19

Author: Renée Codsi, Nicole A. Errett, Angelique K. Luabeya, Mark Hatherill, Adrienne E. Shapiro, Katherine A. Lochner, Alexandria R. Vingino, Marlena J. Kohn, and Gerard A. Cangelosi
Abstract: Healthcare workers (HCW) who come into contact with tuberculosis (TB) patients are at elevated risk of TB infection and disease. The collection and handling of sputum samples for TB diagnosis poses exposure risks to HCW, particularly in settings where aerosol containment is limited. An alternative sample collection method, tongue swabbing, was designed to help mitigate this risk, and is under evaluation in multiple settings. This study assessed risk perceptions among South African HCW who used tongue swabbing in TB diagnostic research during the COVID-19 pandemic. We characterized their context-specific preferences as well as the facilitators and barriers of tongue swab use in clinical and community settings. Participants (n=18) were HCW with experience using experimental tongue swabbing methods at the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI). We used key informant semi-structured interviews to assess attitudes toward two tongue swab strategies: Provider-collected swabbing (PS) and supervised self-swabbing (SSS). Responses from these interviews were analyzed by rapid qualitative analysis and thematic analysis methods. Facilitators included aversion to sputum (PS and SSS), perceived safety of the method (SSS), and educational resources to train patients (SSS). Barriers included cultural stigmas, as well as personal security and control of their work environment when collecting swabs in community settings. COVID-19 risk perception was a significant barrier to the PS method. Motivators for HCW use of tongue swabbing differed substantially by use case, and whether the HCW has the authority and agency to implement safety precautions in specific settings. These findings point to a need for contextually specific educational resources to enhance safety of and adherence to the SSS collection method.
Published: 2022

44. Elevated IgG Responses in Infants Are Associated With Reduced Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Author: Erin Logan, Angelique Kany Kany Luabeya, Humphrey Mulenga, Dunja Mrdjen, Cynthia Ontong, Adam F. Cunningham, Michele Tameris, Helen McShane, Thomas J. Scriba, William G. C. Horsnell, and Mark Hatherill
Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Bacille Calmette-Guérin, vaccine, helminth, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: BackgroundIt is unclear whether antibodies can prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In this study, we examined the relationship between total plasma IgG levels, IgG elicited by childhood vaccines and soil-transmitted helminths, and Mtb infection prevalence, defined by positive QuantiFERON (QFT) test.MethodsWe studied 100 Mtb uninfected infants, aged 4–6 months. Ten infants (10%) converted to positive QFT test (QFT+) within 2 years of follow-up for Mtb infection. Antibody responses in plasma samples acquired at baseline and tuberculosis investigation were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ImmunoCAP® assay.ResultsQFT− infants displayed a significant increase in total IgG titers when re-tested, compared to IgG titers at baseline, which was not observed in QFT+ infants. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-specific IgG2 and live-attenuated measles vaccine-specific IgG were raised in QFT− infants, and infants who acquired an Mtb infection did not appear to launch a BCG-specific IgG2 response. IgG titers against the endemic helminth Ascaris lumbricoides increased from baseline to QFT re-testing in all infants.ConclusionThese data show raised IgG associates with a QFT-status. Importantly, this effect was also associated with a trend showing raised IgG titers to BCG and measles vaccine. Our data suggest a possible protective association between raised antibody titers and acquisition of Mtb infection, potentially mediated by exposure to antigens both related and unrelated to Mtb.
Published: 2018
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45. The novel tuberculosis vaccine, AERAS-402, is safe in healthy infants previously vaccinated with BCG, and induces dose-dependent CD4 and CD8T cell responses

Author: Mansoor, Nazma, Hughes, Jane, de Kock, Marwou, Whatney, Wendy, Africa, Hadn, Krohn, Colleen, Veldsman, Ashley, Kany, Angelique Luabeya Kany, Douoguih, Macaya, Pau, Maria Grazia, Hendriks, Jenny, McClain, Bruce, Benko, Jacqueline, Snowden, Margaret A., Hokey, David A., Kagina, Benjamin M.N., Tameris, Michele D., Geldenhuys, Hennie, Hatherill, Mark, Abel, Brian, Hussey, Gregory D., Scriba, Thomas J., Mahomed, Hassan, Sadoff, Jerald C., and Hanekom, Willem A.
Published: 2014
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46. Comparison of haematology and biochemistry parameters in healthy South African infants with laboratory reference intervals

Author: Schmidt, B.‐M., Tameris, M., Geldenhuys, H., Luabeya, A., Bunyasi, E., Hawkridge, T., McClain, J. B., Mahomed, H., Scriba, T. J., McShane, H., and Hatherill, M.
Published: 2018
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47. Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.351 Variant

Author: Leon Fouche, Greg Glenn, Susan Neal, Chijioke Bennett, Anthonet Koen, Tulio de Oliveira, Andreana Robertson, Asha Thombrayil, Natasha Lalloo, Lee Fairlie, Gary Albert, Iksung Cho, Mingzhu Zhu, Aylin Oommen-Jose, Zaheer Hoosain, Lou Fries, Sherika Hanley, Vicky L Baillie, Moherndran Archary, As'Ad E. Bhorat, Michele Tameris, Aliasgar Esmail, Pieter Louis Vollgraaff, Shabir A. Madhi, Filip Dubovsky, Sutika Bhikha, Friedrich G. Petrick, Annah Pitsi, Sharne Foulkes, Nazira Carrim-Ganey, Keertan Dheda, Ameena Ebrahim Goga, Gertruida Kruger, Angelique Kany Kany Luabeya, Joyce S. Plested, Dhayendre Moodley, Emmanuel Faust, Nishanta Singh, Q E Bhorat, Coert Grobbelaar, Shane Cloney-Clark, Umesh G. Lalloo, Johan Lombaard, Vivek Shinde, Mduduzi Masilela, Khatija Ahmed, Gabriella Benade, Cheryl Louw, and Rosie Mngqibisa
Subjects: Adult, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, COVID-19 Vaccines, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Adolescent, viruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Article, COVID-19 Serological Testing, 03 medical and health sciences, South Africa, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Double-Blind Method, HIV Seronegativity, Pandemic, HIV Seropositivity, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adverse effect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, biology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Immunogenicity, virus diseases, COVID-19, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Virology, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Multicenter study, biology.protein, Antibody, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants threatens progress toward control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. In a phase 1-2 trial involving healthy adults, the NVX-CoV2373 nanoparticle vaccine had an acceptable safety profile and was associated with strong neutralizing-antibody and antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy was needed in a setting of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. METHODS: In this phase 2a-b trial in South Africa, we randomly assigned human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative adults between the ages of 18 and 84 years or medically stable HIV-positive participants between the ages of 18 and 64 years in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses of either the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine (5 μg of recombinant spike protein with 50 μg of Matrix-M1 adjuvant) or placebo. The primary end points were safety and vaccine efficacy against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic Covid-19 at 7 days or more after the second dose among participants without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: Of 6324 participants who underwent screening, 4387 received at least one injection of vaccine or placebo. Approximately 30% of the participants were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 at baseline. Among 2684 baseline seronegative participants (94% HIV-negative and 6% HIV-positive), predominantly mild-to-moderate Covid-19 developed in 15 participants in the vaccine group and in 29 in the placebo group (vaccine efficacy, 49.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1 to 72.8). Vaccine efficacy among HIV-negative participants was 60.1% (95% CI, 19.9 to 80.1). Of 41 sequenced isolates, 38 (92.7%) were the B.1.351 variant. Post hoc vaccine efficacy against B.1.351 was 51.0% (95% CI, -0.6 to 76.2) among the HIV-negative participants. Preliminary local and systemic reactogenicity events were more common in the vaccine group; serious adverse events were rare in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine was efficacious in preventing Covid-19, with higher vaccine efficacy observed among HIV-negative participants. Most infections were caused by the B.1.351 variant. (Funded by Novavax and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04533399.).
Published: 2021

48. Une jeunesse congolaise : de Luluabourg à Kinshasa: Confidences d'un enfant de l'Indépendance

Author: Luabeya Mesu'a Kabwa and Luabeya Mesu'a Kabwa
Published: 2014

49. Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in health-care workers in South Africa (the Sisonke study): results from a single-arm, open-label, phase 3B, implementation study

Author: Bekker, Linda-Gail, primary, Garrett, Nigel, additional, Goga, Ameena, additional, Fairall, Lara, additional, Reddy, Tarylee, additional, Yende-Zuma, Nonhlanhla, additional, Kassanjee, Reshma, additional, Collie, Shirley, additional, Sanne, Ian, additional, Boulle, Andrew, additional, Seocharan, Ishen, additional, Engelbrecht, Imke, additional, Davies, Mary-Ann, additional, Champion, Jared, additional, Chen, Tommy, additional, Bennett, Sarah, additional, Mametja, Selaelo, additional, Semenya, Mabatlo, additional, Moultrie, Harry, additional, de Oliveira, Tulio, additional, Lessells, Richard John, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Jassat, Waasila, additional, Groome, Michelle, additional, Von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Le Roux, Engelbert, additional, Khuto, Kentse, additional, Barouch, Dan, additional, Mahomed, Hassan, additional, Wolmarans, Milani, additional, Rousseau, Petro, additional, Bradshaw, Debbie, additional, Mulder, Michelle, additional, Opie, Jessica, additional, Louw, Vernon, additional, Jacobson, Barry, additional, Rowji, Pradeep, additional, Peter, Jonny G, additional, Takalani, Azwi, additional, Odhiambo, Jackline, additional, Mayat, Fatima, additional, Takuva, Simbarashe, additional, Corey, Lawrence, additional, Gray, Glenda E, additional, Brumskine, William, additional, Naicker, Nivashnee, additional, Makhaza, Disebo, additional, Naicker, Vimla, additional, Naidoo, Logashvari, additional, Spooner, Elizabeth, additional, van Nieuwenhuizen, Elane, additional, Mngadi, Kathryn, additional, Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, additional, Innes, James Craig, additional, Gill, Katherine, additional, Petrick, Friedrich Georg, additional, Barnabas, Shaun, additional, Badal-Faesen, Sharlaa, additional, Kassim, Sheetal, additional, Mahoney, Scott Hayden, additional, Lazarus, Erica, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, Maboa, Rebone Molobane, additional, Kotze, Philip, additional, Lombaard, Johan, additional, Malan, Daniel Rudolf, additional, Kotze, Sheena, additional, Mohlala, Phuthi, additional, Ward, Amy, additional, Meintjes, Graeme, additional, Urbach, Dorothea, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Diacon, Andreas, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Grobbelaar, Coert, additional, Mda, Pamela, additional, Dubula, Thozama, additional, Luabeya, Angelique, additional, Mamba, Musawenkosi Bhekithemba, additional, Burgess, Lesley, additional, and Dawson, Rodney, additional
Published: 2022
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50. Molecular Detection of Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis in South African High Schools

Author: Bunyasi, Erick W., primary, Middelkoop, Keren, additional, Koch, Anastasia, additional, Hoosen, Zeenat, additional, Mulenga, Humphrey, additional, Luabeya, Angelique K. K., additional, Shenje, Justin, additional, Mendelsohn, Simon C., additional, Tameris, Michele, additional, Scriba, Thomas J., additional, Warner, Digby F., additional, Wood, Robin, additional, Andrews, Jason R., additional, and Hatherill, Mark, additional
Published: 2022
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