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1. Experimental and numerical investigation of heat evolution inside the autoclave for composite manufacturing.

Author

Rangapuram, M, Dasari, SK, Abutunis, A, Chandrashekhara, K, Lua, J, and Li, R

Subjects
COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics, TEMPERATURE distribution, THERMOSETTING composites, GAS flow, MANUFACTURING processes
Abstract

Temperature uniformity inside the autoclave and in the manufactured thermoset composite part is the key to enhancing curing performance. The present study incorporated experimental setup, multiphysics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to provide insight into the gas flow pattern and temperature distribution inside the autoclave besides temperature and curing evolution in composite parts during the manufacturing process. The ultimate goal is to help improve the uniformity of the degree of curing and produce robust composite parts. The used numerical models were validated by experiment and the predicted results were in agreement with experimental efforts with a difference of 5%. A maximum temperature difference of 3 K was observed for panel 1, 1 K for panel 2, and 4 K for panel 3 during the curing stages. The variation was more pronounced during the post-curing stage, especially at the center. Correspondingly, less degree of curing (DOC) occurred at the center. The DOC variation between the center and the sides at the base of the panel is 2.5%. Variation in DOC across the thickness of the composite panels was also observed due to thermal spikes and uneven heat transfer. The DOC variation between upper surface and midplane is about 11%. Regions of high turbulence intensity lead to better heat transfer while regions of low speed such as confined regions under the tooling table had the poorest heat transfer. The study provided some practical implications to reduce the non-uniformity in temperature distribution and improve part curing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Damage assessment in composite and bonded airframes

Author

International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics (27th : 2019 : Melbourne, Vic.), Jones, Rhys, Michopoulos, John G, Kinloch, Anthony J, Iliopoulos, Athanasios P, Peng, Daren, Phan, Nam, and Lua, J

Published
2019

3. 2-LB: Semaglutide 2.4 mg Reduces the 10-Year T2D Risk in People with Overweight/Obesity

Author

W. TIMOTHY GARVEY, THOMAS HOLST-HANSEN, PETER N. LAURSEN, ANDERS R. RINNOV, and LUA J. WILKINSON

Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine
Abstract

The effect of once-weekly s.c. semaglutide 2.4 mg (sema) on the risk of developing T2D in people with obesity is unknown. Weight management with sema vs. PBO plus diet/exercise was assessed in participants (pts) with overweight/obesity in STEP 1 (68 wks) and STEP 4 (20-wk run-in on sema, 48-wk randomized withdrawal) . The 10-yr T2D risk was calculated post hoc using Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) , a validated Bayesian logistic regression of T2D risk factors. Risk scores decreased after 68 wks from 18% to 7% with sema, and 18% to 16% with PBO (61% vs. 13% reduction [p In summary, treatment with sema reduces the 10-yr risk of T2D by ∼60% regardless of initial glycemic status, with sustained treatment required to maintain this benefit. These data suggest sema could help prevent T2D in people with obesity. Disclosure W. Garvey: Other Relationship; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Epitomee, JAZZ Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Pfizer Inc. T. Holst-hansen: Employee; Novo Nordisk A/S, Stock/Shareholder; Novo Nordisk A/S. P. N. Laursen: Employee; Novo Nordisk A/S. A. R. Rinnov: Employee; Novo Nordisk. L. J. Wilkinson: Employee; Novo Nordisk. Funding Novo Nordisk A/S

Published
2022

4. The second Sandia Fracture Challenge: predictions of ductile failure under quasi-static and moderate-rate dynamic loading

Author

Boyce, B. L., Kramer, S. L. B., Bosiljevac, T. R., Corona, E., Moore, J. A., Elkhodary, K., Simha, C. H. M., Williams, B. W., Cerrone, A. R., Nonn, A., Hochhalter, J. D., Bomarito, G. F., Warner, J. E., Carter, B. J., Warner, D. H., Ingraffea, A. R., Zhang, T., Fang, X., Lua, J., Chiaruttini, V., Mazière, M., Feld-Payet, S., Yastrebov, V. A., Besson, J., Chaboche, J.-L., Lian, J., Di, Y., Wu, B., Novokshanov, D., Vajragupta, N., Kucharczyk, P., Brinnel, V., Döbereiner, B., Münstermann, S., Neilsen, M. K., Dion, K., Karlson, K. N., Foulk, III, J. W., Brown, A. A., Veilleux, M. G., Bignell, J. L., Sanborn, S. E., Jones, C. A., Mattie, P. D., Pack, K., Wierzbicki, T., Chi, S.-W., Lin, S.-P., Mahdavi, A., Predan, J., Zadravec, J., Gross, A. J., Ravi-Chandar, K., and Xue, L.

Published
2016
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6. The Sandia Fracture Challenge: blind round robin predictions of ductile tearing

Author

Boyce, B. L., Kramer, S. L. B., Fang, H. E., Cordova, T. E., Neilsen, M. K., Dion, K., Kaczmarowski, A. K., Karasz, E., Xue, L., Gross, A. J., Ghahremaninezhad, A., Ravi-Chandar, K., Lin, S.-P., Chi, S.-W., Chen, J. S., Yreux, E., Rüter, M., Qian, D., Zhou, Z., Bhamare, S., O’Connor, D. T., Tang, S., Elkhodary, K. I., Zhao, J., Hochhalter, J. D., Cerrone, A. R., Ingraffea, A. R., Wawrzynek, P. A., Carter, B. J., Emery, J. M., Veilleux, M. G., Yang, P., Gan, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, Z., Madenci, E., Kilic, B., Zhang, T., Fang, E., Liu, P., Lua, J., Nahshon, K., Miraglia, M., Cruce, J., DeFrese, R., Moyer, E. T., Brinckmann, S., Quinkert, L., Pack, K., Luo, M., and Wierzbicki, T.

Published
2014
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10. Mechanical Behavior and Analytical Modeling of Melt-Infiltrated SiC/SiC Woven Composite

Author

Lang, J, Sankar, J, Kelkar, A. D, Bhatt, R. T, Baaklini, G, and Lua, J

Subjects
Composite Materials
Abstract

The desirable properties in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), such as high temperature strength, corrosion resistance, high toughness, low density, or good creep resistance have led to increased use of CMCs in high-speed engine structural components and structures that operate in extreme temperature and hostile aero-thermo-chemical environments. Ceramic matrix composites have been chosen for turbine material in the design of 21st century civil propulsion systems to achieve high fuel economy, improved reliability, extended life, and reduced cost. Most commercial CMCs are manufactured using a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process. However, a lower cost fabrication known as melt-infiltration process is also providing CMCs marked for use in hot sections of high-speed civil transports. Limited samples of a SiC/SiC melt-infiltrated woven composites are being investigated at room and elevated temperature below and above matrix cracking. These samples show graceful failure and toughness at room temperature with a reduction in strength and modulus at elevated temperatures. A generic finite element model is also being developed to predict monotonic and cyclic loading behavior of the woven composite. Use of the initial test data from the woven composite is being used for the development of the analytical model. This model is the first of a iterative process leading towards the development the model's capability to predict behavior at room and elevated temperature for monotonic and cyclic loading. The purpose of this paper is to report on the material and mechanical findings of the SiC/SiC melt-infiltrated woven composite and progress on the development of the finite element model.

Published
1998

11. An Investigation of SiC/SiC Woven Composite Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading

Author

Lang, J, Sankar, J, Kelkar, A. D, Bhatt, R. T, Singh, M, and Lua, J

Subjects
Composite Materials
Abstract

The desirable properties in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), such as high temperature strength, corrosion resistance, high toughness, low density, or good creep resistance have led to increased use of CMCs in high-speed engine structural components and structures that operate in extreme temperature and hostile aero-thermo-chemical environments. Ceramic matrix composites have been chosen for turbine material in the design of 21 st-century civil propulsion systems to achieve high fuel economy, improved reliability, extended life, and reduced cost. Most commercial CMCs are manufactured using a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process. However, a lower cost fabrication known as melt-infiltration process is also providing CMCs marked for use in hot sections of high-speed civil transports. The scope of this paper is to report on the material and mechanical characterization of the CMCs subjected to this process and to predict the behavior through an analytical model. An investigation of the SiC/SiC 8-harness woven composite is ongoing and its tensile strength and fatigue behavior is being characterized for room and elevated temperatures. The investigation is being conducted at below and above the matrix cracking stress once these parameters are identified. Fractography and light microscopy results are being studied to characterize the failure modes resulting from pure uniaxial loading. A numerical model is also being developed to predict the laminate properties by using the constituent material properties and tow undulation.

Published
1997

13. The second Sandia Fracture Challenge: predictions of ductile failure under quasi-static and moderate-rate dynamic loading

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wierzbicki, Tomasz, Pack, Keun Hwan, Boyce, B. L, Kramer, S. L B, Bosiljevac, T. R, Corona, E., Moore, J. A, Elkhodary, K., Simha, C. H M, Williams, B. W, Cerrone, A. R, Nonn, A., Hochhalter, J. D, Bomarito, G. F, Warner, J. E, Carter, B. J, Warner, D. H, Ingraffea, A. R, Zhang, T., Fang, X., Lua, J., Chiaruttini, V., Mazière, M., Feld-Payet, S., Yastrebov, V. A, Besson, J., Chaboche, J.-L., Lian, J., Di, Y., Wu, B., Novokshanov, D., Vajragupta, N., Kucharczyk, P., Brinnel, V., Döbereiner, B., Münstermann, S., Neilsen, M. K, Dion, K., Karlson, K. N, Foulk, J. W, Brown, A. A, Veilleux, M. G, Bignell, J. L, Sanborn, S. E, Jones, C. A, Mattie, P. D, Chi, S.-W., Lin, S.-P., Mahdavi, A., Predan, J., Zadravec, J., Gross, A. J, Ravi-Chandar, K., Xue, L., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wierzbicki, Tomasz, Pack, Keun Hwan, Boyce, B. L, Kramer, S. L B, Bosiljevac, T. R, Corona, E., Moore, J. A, Elkhodary, K., Simha, C. H M, Williams, B. W, Cerrone, A. R, Nonn, A., Hochhalter, J. D, Bomarito, G. F, Warner, J. E, Carter, B. J, Warner, D. H, Ingraffea, A. R, Zhang, T., Fang, X., Lua, J., Chiaruttini, V., Mazière, M., Feld-Payet, S., Yastrebov, V. A, Besson, J., Chaboche, J.-L., Lian, J., Di, Y., Wu, B., Novokshanov, D., Vajragupta, N., Kucharczyk, P., Brinnel, V., Döbereiner, B., Münstermann, S., Neilsen, M. K, Dion, K., Karlson, K. N, Foulk, J. W, Brown, A. A, Veilleux, M. G, Bignell, J. L, Sanborn, S. E, Jones, C. A, Mattie, P. D, Chi, S.-W., Lin, S.-P., Mahdavi, A., Predan, J., Zadravec, J., Gross, A. J, Ravi-Chandar, K., and Xue, L.

Abstract

Ductile failure of structural metals is relevant to a wide range of engineering scenarios. Computational methods are employed to anticipate the critical conditions of failure, yet they sometimes provide inaccurate and misleading predictions. Challenge scenarios, such as the one presented in the current work, provide an opportunity to assess the blind, quantitative predictive ability of simulation methods against a previously unseen failure problem. Rather than evaluate the predictions of a single simulation approach, the Sandia Fracture Challenge relies on numerous volunteer teams with expertise in computational mechanics to apply a broad range of computational methods, numerical algorithms, and constitutive models to the challenge. This exercise is intended to evaluate the state of health of technologies available for failure prediction. In the first Sandia Fracture Challenge, a wide range of issues were raised in ductile failure modeling, including a lack of consistency in failure models, the importance of shear calibration data, and difficulties in quantifying the uncertainty of prediction [see Boyce et al. (Int J Fract 186:5–68, 2014) for details of these observations]. This second Sandia Fracture Challenge investigated the ductile rupture of a Ti–6Al–4V sheet under both quasi-static and modest-rate dynamic loading (failure in ∼∼ 0.1 s). Like the previous challenge, the sheet had an unusual arrangement of notches and holes that added geometric complexity and fostered a competition between tensile- and shear-dominated failure modes. The teams were asked to predict the fracture path and quantitative far-field failure metrics such as the peak force and displacement to cause crack initiation. Fourteen teams contributed blind predictions, and the experimental outcomes were quantified in three independent test labs. Additional shortcomings were revealed in this second challenge such as inconsistency in the application of appropriate boundary conditions, need for a the, National Science Foundation (U.S.)

Published
2017

14. The Sandia Fracture Challenge: blind round robin predictions of ductile tearing

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pack, Keun Hwan, Luo, Meng, Wierzbicki, Tomasz, Boyce, B. L, Kramer, S. L B, Fang, H. E, Cordova, T. E, Neilsen, M. K, Dion, K., Kaczmarowski, A. K, Karasz, E., Xue, L., Gross, A. J, Ghahremaninezhad, A., Ravi-Chandar, K., Lin, S.-P., Chi, S.-W., Chen, J. S, Yreux, E., Rüter, M., Qian, D., Zhou, Z., Bhamare, S., O’Connor, D. T, Tang, S., Elkhodary, K. I, Zhao, J., Hochhalter, J. D, Cerrone, A. R, Ingraffea, A. R, Wawrzynek, P. A, Carter, B. J, Emery, J. M, Veilleux, M. G, Yang, P., Gan, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, Z., Madenci, E., Kilic, B., Zhang, T., Fang, E., Liu, P., Lua, J., Nahshon, K., Miraglia, M., Cruce, J., DeFrese, R., Moyer, E. T, Brinckmann, S., Quinkert, L., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pack, Keun Hwan, Luo, Meng, Wierzbicki, Tomasz, Boyce, B. L, Kramer, S. L B, Fang, H. E, Cordova, T. E, Neilsen, M. K, Dion, K., Kaczmarowski, A. K, Karasz, E., Xue, L., Gross, A. J, Ghahremaninezhad, A., Ravi-Chandar, K., Lin, S.-P., Chi, S.-W., Chen, J. S, Yreux, E., Rüter, M., Qian, D., Zhou, Z., Bhamare, S., O’Connor, D. T, Tang, S., Elkhodary, K. I, Zhao, J., Hochhalter, J. D, Cerrone, A. R, Ingraffea, A. R, Wawrzynek, P. A, Carter, B. J, Emery, J. M, Veilleux, M. G, Yang, P., Gan, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, Z., Madenci, E., Kilic, B., Zhang, T., Fang, E., Liu, P., Lua, J., Nahshon, K., Miraglia, M., Cruce, J., DeFrese, R., Moyer, E. T, Brinckmann, S., and Quinkert, L.

Abstract

Existing and emerging methods in computational mechanics are rarely validated against problems with an unknown outcome. For this reason, Sandia National Laboratories, in partnership with US National Science Foundation and Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, launched a computational challenge in mid-summer, 2012. Researchers and engineers were invited to predict crack initiation and propagation in a simple but novel geometry fabricated from a common off-the-shelf commercial engineering alloy. The goal of this international Sandia Fracture Challenge was to benchmark the capabilities for the prediction of deformation and damage evolution associated with ductile tearing in structural metals, including physics models, computational methods, and numerical implementations currently available in the computational fracture community. Thirteen teams participated, reporting blind predictions for the outcome of the Challenge. The simulations and experiments were performed independently and kept confidential. The methods for fracture prediction taken by the thirteen teams ranged from very simple engineering calculations to complicated multiscale simulations. The wide variation in modeling results showed a striking lack of consistency across research groups in addressing problems of ductile fracture. While some methods were more successful than others, it is clear that the problem of ductile fracture prediction continues to be challenging. Specific areas of deficiency have been identified through this effort. Also, the effort has underscored the need for additional blind prediction-based assessments.

Published
2017

15. Measurement of the D -> K- pi(+) strong phase difference in psi(3770) -> D-0(D)over-bar(0)

Author

Ablikima, M., Achasovh, M. N., 1, Aia, X. C., Albayrakd, O., Albrechtc, M., Ambrosear, D. J., Ana, F. F., Anas, Q., Baia, J. Z., Baldini Ferrolis, R., Banac, Y., Bennettr, D. W., Bennettr, J. V., Bertanis, M., Bianaq, J. M., Bogerv, E., 5, Bondarenkow, O., Boykov, I., Braunan, S., Briered, R. A., Caiaz, H., Caia, X., Cakirak, O., Calcaterras, A., Caoa, G. F., Cetinal, S. A., Changa, J. F., Chelkovv, G., 2, Chena, G., Chena, H. S., Chena, J. C., Chena, M. L., Chenaa, S. J., Chena, X., Chenx, X. R., Chena, Y. B., Chengp, H. P., Chuac, X. K., Chua, Y. P., Cronin Hennessyaq, D., Daia, H. L., Daia, J. P., Dedovichv, D., Denga, Z. Y., Denigu, A., Denysenkov, I., Destefanis, MARCO GIOVANNI, Dingae, W. M., Dingy, Y., Dongab, C., Donga, J., Donga, L. Y., Donga, M. Y., Dubb, S. X., Fanaj, J. Z., Fanga, J., Fanga, S. S., Fanga, Y., Favaaw, L., Fengas, C. Q., Fua, C. D., Fuksv, O., Gaoa, Q., Gaoaj, Y., Gengas, C., Goetzeni, K., Gonga, W. X., Gradlu, W., Greco, Michela, Gua, M. H., Guk, Y. T., Guana, Y. H., Guoz, L. B., Guoz, T., Guou, Y. P., Haddadiw, Z., Hana, Y. L., Harrisap, F. A., Hea, K. L., Hea, M., Heab, Z. Y., Heldc, T., Henga, Y. K., Houa, Z. L., Huz, C., Hua, H. M., Huan, J. F., Hua, T., Huange, G. M., Huangas, G. S., Huangaz, H. P., Huangn, J. S., Huanga, L., Huangae, X. T., Huangaa, Y., Hussainau, T., Jias, C. S., Jia, Q., Jiab, Q. P., Jia, X. B., Jia, X. L., Jianga, L. L., Jiangaz, L. W., Jianga, X. S., Jiaoae, J. B., Jiaop, Z., Jina, D. P., Jina, S., Johanssonay, T., Julinaq, A., Kalantar Nayestanakiw, N., Kanga, X. L., Kangab, X. S., Kavatsyukw, M., Klossu, B., Kopfc, B., Kornicerap, M., Kuehnan, W., Kupscay, A., Laia, W., Langean, J. S., Larar, M., Larinm, P., Leyhec, M., Lia, C. H., Cheng, Lias, Cui, Lias, Liq, D., Libb, D. M., Lia, F., Lia, G., Lia, H. B., Lia, J. C., Jin, Liad, Liae, K., Lil, K., Lei, Lia, Liao, P. R., Lia, Q. J., Liae, T., Lia, W. D., Lia, W. G., Liae, X. L., Lia, X. N., Liab, X. Q., Liai, Z. B., Liangas, H., Liangag, Y. F., Liangan, Y. T., Linm, D. X., Liua, B. J., Liud, C. L., Liua, C. X., Liuaf, F. H., Fang, Liua, Feng, Liue, Liuk, H. B., Liuo, H. H., Liua, H. M., Liua, J., Liuaz, J. P., Liuaj, K., Liuy, K. Y., Liuae, P. L., Liuao, Q., Liuas, S. B., Liux, X., Liuab, Y. B., Liua, Z. A., Zhiqiang, Liua, Zhiqing, Liuu, Loehnerw, H., Loua, X. C., 3, Lun, G. R., Lup, H. J., Lua, H. L., Lua, J. G., Lua, Y., Lua, Y. P., Luoz, C. L., Luoba, M. X., Luoap, T., Luoa, X. L., Lva, M., Lyuao, X. R., May, F. C., Maa, H. L., Maa, Q. M., Maa, S., Maa, T., Maa, X. Y., Maasm, F. E., Maggiora, Marco, Malikau, Q. A., Maoac, Y. J., Maoa, Z. P., Messchendorpw, J. G., Mina, J., Mina, T. J., Mitchellr, R. E., Moa, X. H., Moe, Y. J., Moeiniw, H., Morales Moralesm, C., Moriyar, K., Muchnoih, N. Y. u., Muramatsuaq, H., Nefedovv, Y., Nerlingm, F., Nikolaevh, I. B., Ninga, Z., Nisarg, S., Niua, X. Y., Olsenad, S. L., Ouyanga, Q., Pacettit, S., Pelizaeusc, M., Pengas, H. P., Petersi, K., Pingz, J. L., Pinga, R. G., Polingaq, R., Qiaa, M., Qiana, S., Qiaoao, C. F., Qinae, L. Q., Qinaz, N., Qina, X. S., Qinac, Y., Qina, Z. H., Qiua, J. F., Rashidau, K. H., Redmeru, C. F., Ripkau, M., Ronga, G., Ruank, X. D., Sarantsevv, A., 4, Schoenningay, K., Schumannu, S., Shanac, W., Shaoas, M., Shenb, C. P., Shena, X. Y., Shenga, H. Y., Shepherdr, M. R., Songa, W. M., Songa, X. Y., Spataro, STEFANO GIOVANNI, Spruckan, B., Suna, G. X., Sunn, J. F., Suna, S. S., Sunas, Y. J., Suna, Y. Z., Suna, Z. J., Sunas, Z. T., Tangag, C. J., Tanga, X., Tapanam, I., Thorndikear, E. H., Tiemensw, M., Tothaq, D., Ullrichan, M., Umanal, I., Varnerap, G. S., Wangab, B., Wangac, D., Wangac, D. Y., Wanga, K., Wanga, L. L., Wanga, L. S., Wangae, M., Wanga, P., Wanga, P. L., Wanga, Q. J., Wangac, S. G., Wanga, W., Wangaj, X. F., Wangs, Y. D., Wanga, Y. F., Wangu, Y. Q., Wanga, Z., Wanga, Z. G., Wangas, Z. H., Wanga, Z. Y., Weij, D. H., Weiac, J. B., Weidenkaffu, P., Wena, S. P., Werneran, M., Wiednerc, U., Wolkeay, M., Wua, L. H., Wua, N., Wua, Z., Xiaaj, L. G., Xiaq, Y., Xiaoa, D., Xiaoz, Z. J., Xiea, Y. G., Xiua, Q. L., Xua, G. F., Xua, L., Xul, Q. J., Xuao, Q. N., Xuah, X. P., Xuea, Z., Yanas, L., Yanas, W. B., Yanas, W. C., Yanq, Y. H., Yanga, H. X., Yangaz, L., Yange, Y., Yangj, Y. X., Yea, H., Yea, M., Yef, M. H., Yua, B. X., Yuab, C. X., Yuac, H. W., Yux, J. S., Yuae, S. P., Yuana, C. Z., Yuanaa, W. L., Yuana, Y., Yuncual, A., Zafarau, A. A., Zallos, A., Zangaa, S. L., Zengq, Y., Zhanga, B. X., Zhanga, B. Y., Zhangaa, C., Zhangq, C. B., Zhanga, C. C., Zhanga, D. H., Zhangai, H. H., Zhanga, H. Y., Zhanga, J. J., Zhanga, J. Q., Zhanga, J. W., Zhanga, J. Y., Zhanga, J. Z., Zhanga, S. H., Zhanga, X. J., Zhangae, X. Y., Zhanga, Y., Zhanga, Y. H., Zhange, Z. H., Zhangas, Z. P., Zhangaz, Z. Y., Zhaoa, G., Zhaoa, J. W., Lei, Zhaoas, Ling, Zhaoa, Zhaoab, M. G., Zhaoa, Q., Zhaoa, Q. W., Zhaobb, S. J., Zhaoa, T. C., Zhaoaa, X. H., Zhaoa, Y. B., Zhaoas, Z. G., Zhemchugovv, A., Zhengat, B., Zhenga, J. P., Zhengao, Y. H., Zhongz, B., Zhoua, L., Zhouab, Li, Zhouaz, X., Zhouao, X. K., Zhouas, X. R., Zhoua, X. Y., Zhua, K., Zhua, K. J., Zhuaj, X. L., Zhuas, Y. C., Zhua, Y. S., Zhua, Z. A., Zhuanga, J., Zoua, B. S., and Zoua, J. H.

Published
2014

16. Study of e(+)e(-) -> p(p)over-bar in the vicinity of psi(3770)

Author

Ablikima, M., Achasovh, M. N., 1, Aia, X. C., Albayrakd, O., Albrechtc, M., Ambrosear, D. J., Ana, F. F., Anas, Q., Baia, J. Z., Baldini Ferrolis, R., Banac, Y., Bennettr, J. V., Bertanis, M., Bianaq, J. M., Bogerv, E., 2, Bondarenkow, O., Boykov, I., Braunan, S., Briered, R. A., Caiaz, H., Caia, X., Cakirak, O., Calcaterras, A., Caoa, G. F., Cetinal, S. A., Changa, J. F., Chelkovv, G., 3, Chena, G., Chena, H. S., Chena, J. C., Chena, M. L., Chenaa, S. J., Chena, X., Chenx, X. R., Chena, Y. B., Chengp, H. P., Chuac, X. K., Chua, Y. P., Cronin Hennessyaq, D., Daia, H. L., Daia, J. P., Dedovichv, D., Denga, Z. Y., Denigu, A., Denysenkov, I., Destefanis, MARCO GIOVANNI, Dingae, W. M., Dingy, Y., Dongab, C., Donga, J., Donga, L. Y., Donga, M. Y., Dubb, S. X., Fanaj, J. Z., Fanga, J., Fanga, S. S., Fanga, Y., Favaaw, L., Fengas, C. Q., Fua, C. D., Fuksv, O., Gaoa, Q., Gaoaj, Y., Gengas, C., Goetzeni, K., Gonga, W. X., Gradlu, W., Greco, Michela, Gua, M. H., Guk, Y. T., Guana, Y. H., Guoz, L. B., Guoz, T., Guou, Y. P., Hana, Y. L., Harrisap, F. A., Hea, K. L., Hea, M., Heab, Z. Y., Heldc, T., Henga, Y. K., Houa, Z. L., Huz, C., Hua, H. M., Huan, J. F., Hua, T., Huange, G. M., Huangas, G. S., Huangaz, H. P., Huangn, J. S., Huanga, L., Huangae, X. T., Huangaa, Y., Hussainau, T., Jias, C. S., Jia, Q., Jiab, Q. P., Jia, X. B., Jia, X. L., Jianga, L. L., Jiangaz, L. W., Jianga, X. S., Jiaoae, J. B., Jiaop, Z., Jina, D. P., Jina, S., Johanssonay, T., Kalantar Nayestanakiw, N., Kanga, X. L., Kangab, X. S., Kavatsyukw, M., Klossu, B., Kopfc, B., Kornicerap, M., Kühnan, W., Kupscay, A., Laia, W., Langean, J. S., Larar, M., Larinm, P., Leyhec, M., Lia, C. H., Cheng, Lias, Cui, Lias, Liq, D., Libb, D. M., Lia, F., Lia, G., Lia, H. B., Lia, J. C., Lil, K., Liae, K., Lei, Lia, Liao, P. R., Lia, Q. J., Liae, T., Lia, W. D., Lia, W. G., Liae, X. L., Lia, X. N., Liab, X. Q., Liai, Z. B., Liangas, H., Liangag, Y. F., Liangan, Y. T., Linm, D. X., Liua, B. J., Liud, C. L., Liua, C. X., Liuaf, F. H., Fang, Liua, Feng, Liue, Liuk, H. B., Liuo, H. H., Liua, H. M., Liua, J., Liuaz, J. P., Liuaj, K., Liuy, K. Y., Liuae, P. L., Liuao, Q., Liuas, S. B., Liux, X., Liuab, Y. B., Liua, Z. A., Zhiqiang, Liua, Zhiqing, Liuu, Loehnerw, H., Loua, X. C., 4, Lun, G. R., Lup, H. J., Lua, H. L., Lua, J. G., Luao, X. R., Lua, Y., Lua, Y. P., Luoz, C. L., Luoba, M. X., Luoap, T., Luoa, X. L., Lva, M., May, F. C., Maa, H. L., Maa, Q. M., Maa, S., Maa, T., Maa, X. Y., Maasm, F. E., Maggiora, Marco, Malikau, Q. A., Maoac, Y. J., Maoa, Z. P., Messchendorpw, J. G., Mina, J., Mina, T. J., Mitchellr, R. E., Moa, X. H., Moe, Y. J., Moeiniw, H., Morales Moralesm, C., Moriyar, K., Muchnoih, N. Y. u., Muramatsuaq, H., Nefedovv, Y., Nerlingm, F., Nikolaevh, I. B., Ninga, Z., Nisarg, S., Niua, X. Y., Olsenad, S. L., Ouyanga, Q., Pacettit, S., Pelizaeusc, M., Pengas, H. P., Petersi, K., Pingz, J. L., Pinga, R. G., Polingaq, R., Qiaa, M., Qiana, S., Qiaoao, C. F., Qinae, L. Q., Qinaz, N., Qina, X. S., Qinac, Y., Qina, Z. H., Qiua, J. F., Rashidau, K. H., Redmeru, C. F., Ripkau, M., Ronga, G., Ruank, X. D., Sarantsevv, A., 5, Schoenningay, K., Schumannu, S., Shanac, W., Shaoas, M., Shenb, C. P., Shena, X. Y., Shenga, H. Y., Shepherdr, M. R., Songa, W. M., Songa, X. Y., Spataro, STEFANO GIOVANNI, Spruckan, B., Suna, G. X., Sunn, J. F., Suna, S. S., Sunas, Y. J., Suna, Y. Z., Suna, Z. J., Sunas, Z. T., Tangag, C. J., Tanga, X., Tapanam, I., Thorndikear, E. H., Tothaq, D., Ullrichan, M., Umanal, I., Varnerap, G. S., Wangab, B., Wangac, D., Wangac, D. Y., Wanga, K., Wanga, L. L., Wanga, L. S., Wangae, M., Wanga, P., Wanga, P. L., Wanga, Q. J., Wangac, S. G., Wanga, W., Wangaj, X. F., Wangs, Y. D., Wanga, Y. F., Wangu, Y. Q., Wanga, Z., Wanga, Z. G., Wangas, Z. H., Wanga, Z. Y., Weij, D. H., Weiac, J. B., Weidenkaffu, P., Wena, S. P., Werneran, M., Wiednerc, U., Wolkeay, M., Wua, L. H., Wua, N., Wua, Z., Xiaaj, L. G., Xiaq, Y., Xiaoa, D., Xiaoz, Z. J., Xiea, Y. G., Xiua, Q. L., Xua, G. F., Xua, L., Xul, Q. J., Xuao, Q. N., Xuah, X. P., Xuea, Z., Yanas, L., Yanas, W. B., Yanas, W. C., Yanq, Y. H., Yanga, H. X., Yangaz, L., Yange, Y., Yangj, Y. X., Yea, H., Yea, M., Yef, M. H., Yua, B. X., Yuab, C. X., Yuac, H. W., Yux, J. S., Yuae, S. P., Yuana, C. Z., Yuanaa, W. L., Yuana, Y., Yuncual, A., Zafarau, A. A., Zallos, A., Zangaa, S. L., Zengq, Y., Zhanga, B. X., Zhanga, B. Y., Zhangaa, C., Zhangq, C. B., Zhanga, C. C., Zhanga, D. H., Zhangai, H. H., Zhanga, H. Y., Zhanga, J. J., Zhanga, J. Q., Zhanga, J. W., Zhanga, J. Y., Zhanga, J. Z., Zhanga, S. H., Zhanga, X. J., Zhangae, X. Y., Zhanga, Y., Zhanga, Y. H., Zhange, Z. H., Zhangas, Z. P., Zhangaz, Z. Y., Zhaoa, G., Zhaoa, J. W., Lei, Zhaoas, Ling, Zhaoa, Zhaoab, M. G., Zhaoa, Q., Zhaoa, Q. W., Zhaobb, S. J., Zhaoa, T. C., Zhaoaa, X. H., Zhaoa, Y. B., Zhaoas, Z. G., Zhemchugovv, A., Zhengat, B., Zhenga, J. P., Zhengao, Y. H., Zhongz, B., Zhoua, L., Zhouab, Li, Zhouaz, X., Zhouao, X. K., Zhouas, X. R., Zhoua, X. Y., Zhua, K., Zhua, K. J., Zhuaj, X. L., Zhuas, Y. C., Zhua, Y. S., Zhua, Z. A., Zhuanga, J., Zoua, B. S., and Zoua, J. H.

Published
2014

17. Benefits of vitamin D supplementation to attenuate TBI secondary injury?

Author

Saadatmand Kiana, Khan Saba, Hassan Quaratulain, Hautamaki Raymond, Ashouri Rani, Lua Josh, and Doré Sylvain

Subjects
calcidiol, calcitriol, concussion, traumatic brain injury, vitamin d receptor, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve outcomes for patients suffering from a variety of illnesses such as stroke and cancer. Vitamin D deficiencies have been associated with longer hospital stays, greater severity of symptoms, and death in some complex cases. Due to vitamin D’s burgeoning role in improving patient outcomes, a new sector of research is focusing on the lesser-known implications of vitamin D on health. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects approximately 69 million people worldwide per year. Here, we summarize the current scientific understanding of vitamin D dynamics with TBI to elucidate a potential way to lessen the cascade of secondary damage after an initial insult, with the goal of improving overall patient outcomes. Because vitamin D supplementation has been correlated with better outcomes in other pathologies involving immune and inflammatory molecules, it is important to study the potential effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and supplementation on TBI outcomes. Research on vitamin D supplementation in TBI remains in the preliminary stages. There is still much to learn about vitamin D deficiency, dosage, variants of supplementary forms, mechanisms, and its role in TBI.

Published
2021
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28. Complications of Open Tibial Fracture Management: Risk Factors and Treatment

Author

Lua JYC, Tan VH, Sivasubramanian H, and Kwek EBK

Subjects
open tibial fractures, infection, complications, antimicrobial, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Open tibial fractures result in high rates of complications. This study aims to elucidate the risk factors causing these complications, and suggest antimicrobial regimens based on the organisms grown in post-operative infections. Over a period of five years, 173 patients had sustained open tibial fractures and undergone operative treatment at a single institution. All surgical data was gathered retrospectively through online medical records. Thirty-one patients (17.9%) had sustained post-operative bony complications, while infective complications were reported in 37 patients (21.4%). Patients with Gustilo type III fractures were found to be more than three times as likely to sustain post-operative infective (p=0.007) or bony (p=0.015) complications, compared to Gustilo type I or II fractures. The fracture location and time taken to fixation did not significantly affect the complication rate, but results were trending towards significance. The commonest cause of infective complications were hospital-acquired organisms, such as Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (40.5%). Closer monitoring of patients sustaining high grade Gustilo open fractures, as well as antimicrobial prophylaxis for both hospital-acquired organisms and contaminants, will result in the best outcome for patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted, to determine the significance of fracture location and time taken to fixation on complication rates.

Published
2017
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30. Neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) guidelines and timing of major resuscitation events in delivery rooms at a level III NICU: Understanding deviations.

Author

Boddu PK, Velumula PK, Jani S, Fernandes N, Lua J, Natarajan G, Bajaj M, Thomas R, and Chawla S

Abstract

Objective: To describe the timing of major resuscitation events in the Delivery room., Methods: A retrospective study of neonates born at a level III birthing hospital who received chest compressions in the delivery room was conducted. The timing of the resuscitation events i.e., intubation, UVC, endotracheal (ETT), epinephrine and intravenous (IV) epinephrine were described. The timing of these events were compared for deliveries with the presence of neonatology team., Results: 51 neonates were included. The primary outcome occurred in 28 (65%) of deliveries. An alternate airway was secured at 4.24 ± 5.9 minutes. Endotracheal epinephrine and IV epinephrine were administered at a mean time of 3.98 ± 3 minutes and 10.87± 5.18 minutes after the initiation of chest compressions respectively., Conclusion: Data from real-life cases on the timeline of events suggest that major resuscitation events as suggested by Neonatal Resuscitation Program Guidelines, are often significantly delayed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Published
2024
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31. Is unicompartmental knee arthroplasty truly contraindicated in an obese patient? A meta-analysis.

Author

Lua J, Kripesh A, and Kunnasegaran R

Subjects
Humans, Treatment Outcome, Reoperation, Obesity complications, Obesity surgery, Knee Joint surgery, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee adverse effects, Osteoarthritis, Knee complications, Osteoarthritis, Knee surgery
Abstract

Background: Obesity has long been considered a relative contraindication to unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). However, with improved implants and techniques, the criteria for UKAs have been challenged. This paper aims to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on revision rates and functional outcomes in UKAs., Methods: Databases of Pubmed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINHL and the Cochrane registries were systematically searched following the PROSPERO protocol. Studies comparing implant survival and functional outcome scores between obese and non-obese patients after a UKA were included., Results: Twenty-five articles reported revision rates or functional outcomes in 42,434 UKA surgeries. There was a trend to higher revision rates in patients with BMI > 30 kg/m 2 (odds ratio [OR] 0.91 [0.79-1.05]), BMI >35 kg/m 2 (OR 0.70 [0.48, 1.01]) or BMI >40 kg/m 2 (OR 0.66 [0.41, 1.07]), although the difference was not significant. There was a significant larger improvement in Oxford Knee Scores in obese patients after a UKA (OR 2.68 [1.79, 3.57], p < 0.00001), but no difference in Knee Society Scores or Visual Analogue Scale scores., Conclusion: With no significant increase in revision rates after a UKA, a significantly greater improvement in Oxford Knee Scores and no differences Knee Society Scores or Visual Analogue Scales, obesity should no longer be viewed as a relative contraindication when performing unicompartmental knee replacements., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2023
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32. Postdischarge Adverse Events Among Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Author

Tsilimingras D, Natarajan G, Bajaj M, Agarwal P, Lua J, Deriemacker A, Zuair A, Misra D, Janisse J, Zhang L, and Schnipper J

Subjects
Aftercare, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Prospective Studies, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Patient Discharge
Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to determine the rate of postdischarge adverse events (AEs), classify the types of postdischarge AEs, and identify risk factors for postdischarge AEs among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)., Study Design: This was a prospective cohort study of neonates admitted to the NICU from February 2017 through June 2019. We enrolled 170 neonates from a level 4 NICU who were being discharged home and whose parents can speak English and could be contacted after discharge. The main outcome of the study was postdischarge AEs based on structured telephone interviews, health record review, and adjudication by 2 blinded, trained physicians using a previously established methodology., Results: Fourteen percent of 170 neonates admitted to the NICU experienced postdischarge AEs, with 48% being either preventable or ameliorable. Adverse drug events and procedural complications comprised most of the AEs (48%), but most of the preventable and ameliorable AEs were due to management, therapeutic, or diagnostic errors. Seventy-nine percent of neonates who suffered an AE experienced either a readmission to the hospital or an emergency department visit. Neonates admitted to a level 4 NICU from another NICU (level 1, 2, or 3) (adjusted odds ratio, 3.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-12.60; P = 0.01) and those 28 to 36 weeks (adjusted odds ratio, 11.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-127.98; P = 0.01) had a significantly higher risk of AEs at discharge., Conclusions: Neonates discharged from a level 4 NICU were at high risk for experiencing postdischarge AEs. The identification of AE types and risk factors can be used to guide efforts to develop interventions to improve neonatal patient safety during the postdischarge period., Competing Interests: The authors disclose no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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33. Influence of Haptoglobin Polymorphism on Stroke in Sickle Cell Disease Patients.

Author

Edwards O, Burris A, Lua J, Wilkie DJ, Ezenwa MO, and Doré S

Subjects
Anemia, Sickle Cell genetics, Animals, Humans, Stroke etiology, Stroke genetics, Anemia, Sickle Cell complications, Haptoglobins genetics, Oxidative Stress, Polymorphism, Genetic, Stroke pathology
Abstract

This review outlines the current clinical research investigating how the haptoglobin (Hp) genetic polymorphism and stroke occurrence are implicated in sickle cell disease (SCD) pathophysiology. Hp is a blood serum glycoprotein responsible for binding and removing toxic free hemoglobin from the vasculature. The role of Hp in patients with SCD is critical in combating blood toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and even stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs when a blocked vessel decreases oxygen delivery in the blood to cerebral tissue and is commonly associated with SCD. Due to the malformed red blood cells of sickle hemoglobin S, blockage of blood flow is much more prevalent in patients with SCD. This review is the first to evaluate the role of the Hp polymorphism in the incidence of stroke in patients with SCD. Overall, the data compiled in this review suggest that further studies should be conducted to reveal and evaluate potential clinical advancements for gene therapy and Hp infusions.

Published
2022
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34. Potential Role of Soluble Toll-like Receptors 2 and 4 as Therapeutic Agents in Stroke and Brain Hemorrhage.

Author

Lua J, Ekanayake K, Fangman M, and Doré S

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Proteomics, Solubility, Cerebral Hemorrhage drug therapy, Stroke drug therapy, Toll-Like Receptor 2 therapeutic use, Toll-Like Receptor 4 therapeutic use
Abstract

Hemolysis is a physiological condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) lyse, releasing their contents into the extracellular environment. Hemolysis can be a manifestation of several diseases and conditions, such as sickle cell disease, hemorrhagic stroke, and trauma. Heme and hemoglobin are among the unique contents of RBCs that are released into the environment. Although these contents can cause oxidative stress, especially when oxidized in the extracellular environment, they can also initiate a proinflammatory response because they bind to receptors such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. This review seeks to clarify the mechanism by which TLRs initiate a proinflammatory response to heme, hemoglobin, and their oxidized derivatives, as well as the possibility of using soluble TLRs (sTLRs) as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, this review explores the possibility of using sTLRs in hemorrhagic disorders in which mitigating inflammation is essential for clinical outcomes, including hemorrhagic stroke and its subtypes, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Published
2021
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35. Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome: still under recognised after all these years.

Author

Lua J, Olney L, and Isles C

Subjects
Abdominal Pain etiology, Female, Humans, Nausea etiology, Smoking Cessation, Syndrome, Vomiting etiology, Young Adult, Marijuana Smoking adverse effects, Marijuana Smoking therapy
Abstract

Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterised by cyclical vomiting, relieved by hot water bathing, in the context of chronic cannabis consumption. Many cannabis users find this hard to accept given that cannabis is often promoted as a treatment for vomiting. Stopping cannabis is the best and only effective way to manage the condition. We report a case showing that CHS remains under recognised 15 years after it was first described., Competing Interests: No conflict of interests declared

Published
2019
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36. The Prognostic Role of the Non-Canonical Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Author

Lua J, Qayyum T, Edwards J, and Roseweir AK

Subjects
Carcinoma, Renal Cell mortality, Carcinoma, Renal Cell pathology, Carcinoma, Renal Cell surgery, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Kidney Neoplasms mortality, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Kidney Neoplasms surgery, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Staging, Nephrectomy, Progression-Free Survival, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Carcinoma, Renal Cell chemistry, I-kappa B Kinase analysis, Kidney Neoplasms chemistry, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases analysis, Transcription Factor RelB analysis
Abstract

Background: In the United Kingdom, 8,000 cases of renal cancer are diagnosed each year, with a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Treatment options are limited; a potential therapeutic target is the non-canonical nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. This pathway plays a role in multiple oncogenic processes in solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the non-canonical nuclear factor pathway in renal cell carcinoma (RCC)., Materials and Methods: NIK, IKKα, and RelB were investigated via immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 192 patients with clear cell renal cancer., Results: High cytoplasmic NIK was associated with poorer cancer-specific survival (p = 0.006) and 10-year survival stratified from 85% (low) to 65% (high, p = 0.005). Similarly, high cytoplasmic RelB was associated with poorer cancer-specific survival (p = 0.041) and 10-year survival stratified from 88% (low) to 73% (high, p = 0.030). When clinicopathological characteristics were assessed, cytoplasmic NIK was associated with survival (p = 0.014), whereas cytoplasmic RelB was associated with increased tumor grade (p = 0.020) and decreased inflammation (p = 0.019). Upon multivariate analysis, it was found that cytoplasmic NIK was independently associated with cancer-specific survival (p = 0.009)., Conclusions: The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is associated with poorer cancer-specific survival in RCC patients, making it a viable target for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, cytoplasmic NIK is a potential prognostic biomarker for this disease., (© 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Published
2018
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37. Postnatal respiratory compliance among premature ventilated neonates associated with variable timing and dosing of antenatal steroids.

Author

Chawla S, Lua J, Natarajan G, Cortez JM, Gelmini M, Thomas R, and Sarnaik A

Subjects
Birth Weight, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases therapy, Male, Postnatal Care, Premature Birth physiopathology, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn therapy, Severity of Illness Index, Betamethasone administration & dosage, Glucocorticoids administration & dosage, Infant, Premature, Diseases physiopathology, Lung Compliance drug effects, Premature Birth drug therapy, Prenatal Care, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn physiopathology
Abstract

Background: Antenatal steroids (ANSs) improve the respiratory compliance of premature infants. Many premature neonates are born before the administration of a complete course of ANS., Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory system compliance (Crs) of premature (≤ 32 weeks gestation), intubated neonates in relation to the dose, and timing of ANS administration., Study Design: Neonates (n = 61) were divided into four groups based on the dose and timing of ANS exposure: Group 1: no ANS; Group 2: partial course (one dose of betamethasone); Group 3: complete course (two doses of betamethasone administered within 2 weeks of delivery); and Group 4: remote course (two doses of betamethasone administered > 2 weeks before delivery). Crs was measured by single-breath occlusion technique., Results: Indexed respiratory compliance ± standard error of the mean (mL/cmH2O/kg) adjusted for gestational ages were 0.359 ± 0.074, 0.366 ± 0.080, 0.625 ± 0.038, and 0.505 ± 0.060 for Groups 1 to 4, respectively. The mean indexed Crs in complete ANS was significantly higher than that of no ANS (0.266 ± 0.085; p = 0.016) as well as partial ANS group (0.259 ± 0.086; p = 0.025)., Conclusions: Crs after birth was significantly higher among premature intubated neonates born to mothers who received a complete course of ANS within 2 weeks, compared with no ANS or a partial course of ANS., (Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.)

Published
2014
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38. Cog-4 has limited diagnostic test accuracy and validity for cognitive assessment in stroke survivors.

Author

Lees R, Lua J, Melling E, Miao Y, Tan J, and Quinn TJ

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Ischemia psychology, Cognition Disorders etiology, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stroke psychology, Survivors, Brain Ischemia complications, Cognition, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Neuropsychological Tests, Stroke complications
Abstract

Background: Guidelines recommend cognitive screening for all stroke survivors but do not suggest a preferred tool. Certain elements (orientation, executive function, language, and inattention) of the impairment scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), have been suggested as a short cognitive screening test-Cog-4. We aimed to describe accuracy and validity of Cog-4 against a more detailed cognitive assessment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA])., Methods: We assessed consecutive acute stroke unit admissions in 2 hospitals over 3 months. Four independent blinded assessors performed NIHSS and MoCA between days 1 and 4 poststroke. We described test properties of Cog-4 for MoCA-defined cognitive impairment using usual thresholds (Cog-4≥1 and MoCA<26 of 30) and described the correlations of individual Cog-4 components with broadly equivalent MoCA domains., Results: We assessed 173 participants; 166 had Cog-4 data and 148 MoCA. MoCA described 84% (n=124) of assessed participants as having cognitive impairment and the Cog-4, 37% (n=62). Cog-4 had a sensitivity of .36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .28-.45) and a specificity of .96 (95% CI: .80-.99) (positive predictive value: .98, negative predictive value: .23) for MoCA-defined cognitive impairment. Individual Cog-4 items correlated with certain MoCA domains, but the strength of association was modest (r=-.44 orientation, -.37 language, -.19 for inattention, and no significant correlation for executive function, P=.72)., Conclusions: Our data suggest that many stroke survivors with MoCA-defined cognitive problems would not be detected by Cog-4. Subtest correlations suggest that Cog-4 may not be a valid measure of the cognitive domains that it purports to describe. Other brief cognitive screening tests may be better suited to acute stroke., (Copyright © 2014 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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39. Spontaneous fracture and migration of distal segment of a peripherally inserted central venous catheter to heart in a neonate.

Author

Kalra VK, Arora P, and Lua J

Subjects
Device Removal, Equipment Failure, Foreign-Body Migration diagnostic imaging, Foreign-Body Migration therapy, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Radiography, Catheterization, Central Venous adverse effects, Catheterization, Central Venous instrumentation, Catheters, Indwelling, Central Venous Catheters, Foreign-Body Migration etiology, Heart diagnostic imaging, Parenteral Nutrition
Published
2012
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40. Quiz Page October 2011: An under-recognized cause of CKD.

Author

Lua J, Bellamy CO, Whitworth C, and Dhaun N

Subjects
Acidosis blood, Acidosis etiology, Amines adverse effects, Amines therapeutic use, Anorexia Nervosa diagnosis, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal adverse effects, Chronic Disease, Creatinine blood, Creatinine urine, Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids adverse effects, Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids therapeutic use, False Negative Reactions, Female, Fluid Therapy, Gabapentin, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental pathology, Humans, Hypokalemia pathology, Kidney Cortex pathology, Middle Aged, Naproxen adverse effects, Naproxen therapeutic use, Nephritis, Interstitial pathology, Potassium blood, Potassium therapeutic use, Vacuoles ultrastructure, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid adverse effects, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid therapeutic use, Anorexia Nervosa complications, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental etiology, Hypokalemia etiology, Nephritis, Interstitial etiology
Published
2011
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41. Outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants with varying doses and intervals of antenatal steroid exposure.

Author

Chawla S, Natarajan G, Rane S, Thomas R, Cortez J, and Lua J

Subjects
Adult, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia epidemiology, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia prevention & control, Cerebral Hemorrhage epidemiology, Cerebral Hemorrhage prevention & control, Cerebral Ventricles, Cohort Studies, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Michigan epidemiology, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight, Steroids administration & dosage
Abstract

Objective: To compare outcomes of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants exposed to no antenatal steroids (ANS); incomplete ANS and complete course of ANS at varying intervals prior to delivery., Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 169 ELBW infants with ANS exposure at varied dose-intervals. The odds of mortality, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were compared between Group 1, infants born without ANS exposure, Group 2, infants born after one dose of ANS, Group 3, infants born after two doses of ANS given within a week, and Group 4, infants born after two doses of ANS >7 days prior to delivery., Results: Mortality and IVH were significantly lower in Groups 3 (30% and 10%) and 4 (15% and 30%), compared to Groups 1 (56% and 69%) and 2 (56% and 38%). Increasing gestational age and exposure to complete course of ANS were significantly associated with decrease in mortality, BPD/mortality and IVH. Infants who received one dose of ANS had significantly lower incidence of severe IVH compared to infants without ANS exposure., Conclusions: Beneficial impact of ANS on mortality and composite BPD/mortality is evident only after a complete course and persists even with its administration beyond a week from delivery.

Published
2010
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42. Role of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in screening for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates.

Author

Sanjeev S, Pettersen M, Lua J, Thomas R, Shankaran S, and L'Ecuyer T

Subjects
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent physiopathology, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Ductus Arteriosus, Patent diagnosis, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain blood
Abstract

Background: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a hormone secreted by the ventricles under hemodynamic stress and congestive failure., Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether BNP can be used as a valid screening test for the presence of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in the preterm neonate., Materials and Methods: This was a prospective blinded study involving preterm neonates with birth weights

Published
2005
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