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Currently colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used in CRC screening and risk assessment to quantitatively evaluate weight. However, the impact of BMI on clinical strategies for CRC has received little attention. Within the framework of the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM/PPPM), we hypothesized that BMI stratification would affect the primary, secondary, and tertiary care options for CRC and we conducted a critical evidence-based review. BMI dynamically influences CRC outcomes, which helps avoiding adverse treatment effects. The outcome of surgical and radiation treatment is adversely affected by overweight (BMI ≥ 30) or underweight (BMI

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease. Acupuncture and moxibustion is proved effective in treating UC, but the mechanism has not been clarified. Proteomic technology has revealed a variety of biological markers related to immunity and inflammation in UC, which provide new insights and directions for the study of mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of UC.To investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) and herb-partitioned moxibustion (HM) on UC rats by using proteomics technology.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal (N) group, the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model (M) group, the HM group, and the EA group. UC rat model was prepared with 3% DSS, and HM and EA interventions at the bilateral Tianshu and Qihai acupoints were performed in HM or EA group. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used for morphological evaluation of colon tissues. Isotope-labeled relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were performed for proteome analysis of the colon tissues, followed by bioinformatics analysis and protein-protein interaction networks establishment of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between groups. Then western blot was used for verification of selected DEPs.The macroscopic colon injury scores and histopathology scores in the HM and EA groups were significantly decreased compared to the rats in the M group (EA and HM could regulate the expression of ATP5L, Atp5f1, Cox4i1 that associated with oxidative phosphorylation, then might regulate immune-related pathways of intestinal immune network for IgA production, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, thereby alleviating colonic inflammation of DSS-induced UC rats.

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a pathological stage in the Correa's cascade, whereby Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the primary cause. Cellular senescence is an inducing factor for cancer occurrence and cellular senescence is an obvious phenomenon in gastric mucosal tissues of H. pylori-positive CAG patients.In this review, we collated the information on cellular senescence and H. pylori-positive CAG.At present, only a few studies have observed the effect of cellular senescence on precancerous lesions. In combination with the latest research, this review has collated the information on cellular senescence and H. pylori-positive CAG from four aspects- telomere shortening, DNA methylation, increased reacive oxygen species (ROS) production, and failure of autophagy.This is expected to be helpful for exploring the relevant mechanisms underlying inflammatory cancerous transformation and formulating appropriate treatment strategies.

The 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA methyltransferase NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 5 (NSUN5) has been reported to serve important roles in numerous diseases. However, the functions and clinical significance of NSUN5 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Clinical information and NSUN5 mRNA sequencing data for 374 patients with HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and NSUN5 mRNA and protein expression levels in 120 patients with HCC (present study cohorts) were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting or immunohistochemistry. The association between NSUN5 mRNA and protein expression levels and the clinical characteristics (or prognosis) of patients with HCC was analyzed using the χ

To observe the effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) on the miRNA expression profile of thyroid tissue in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) rats.Rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, EAT model (EAT) group, HPM group and western medicine (Med) group. EAT model rats were prepared by a combined immunization with complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvant emulsified with porcine thyroglobulin and iodine. Rats in the HPM group were treated with HPM, while rats in the Med group were treated with levothyrocine (1 μg/2 mL) by gavage. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphological changes of thyroid tissue, ELISAs was uaed to detect the serum concentrations of TGAb, TPOAb, FT3, FT4, TSH. We then performed high-throughput miRNA sequencing to analyse the miRNA expression profiles in the thyroid tissues, followed by a bioinformatics analysis. RT-qPCR was used to verify the identified differentially expressed miRNAs.HPM improved the thyroid tissue morphology and reduced serum TPOAb, TGAb, TSH concentration in EAT rats (P0.05), but with no obvious effect on FT3 and FT4 concentration. While the TSH, FT3 and FT4 concentration was significantly changed in the Med group (P0.01 or P0.05) compared with that of EAT group. Sequencing results showed that a total of 17 miRNAs were upregulated, and 4 were downregulated in the EAT rats, in which the expression levels of miR-346 and miR-331-5p were reversed by HPM. The target genes of the miRNAs that regulated by HPM were associated with a variety of immune factors and immune signals. RT-qPCR verification showed that the expression of miRNA-346 and miRNA-331-5p was consistent with the sequencing results.HPM could regulate the the expression of miRNA-346 and miRNA-331-5p, then act on their target genes to immune and inflammation-related pathways, which may be one of the mechanisms of HPM on EAT rats.

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease with variable clinical symptoms, it can affect the whole gastrointestinal tract from the oral cavity to the anus and lead to lower quality of life and greater social and economicloss. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and is unique characteristic by the theory of overall concept and treatment based on syndrome differentiation, it should be an important part of world medicine. This chapter introduces the research advance of Crohn’s disease in TCM, including its name, location, etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, therapeutic criteria, treatment methods and other contents. The mechanism of TCM treatment of Crohn’s disease remains to be further studied.

Background: Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely related to the gut microbiota. Moxibustion, a common treatment in traditional Chinese medicine, is the burning of the herb moxa over acupuncture points. Moxibustion has been used to improve the inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunctions in gastrointestinal disorders such as UC. In this study, we investigated whether moxibustion could improve the gut microbial dysbiosis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS).Methods: Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned into five groups: normal (NG), UC model (UC), moxibustion (UC+MOX), mesalazine (UC+MES), and normal rats with moxibustion (NG+MOX). The UC rat model was established by administering DSS solution. The rats in the UC+MOX and NG+MOX groups were treated with moxibustion at Tianshu (bilateral, ST25) points once daily for 7 consecutive days, and the UC+MES group rats were treated with mesalazine once daily for 7 consecutive days. After intervention, gut microbiota profiling was conducted by metagenomic high throughput sequencing technology. The gut microbiota composition, diversity and function were analyzed and compared using metagenomics methodologies.Results: The most abundant phyla of five groups were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Moxibustion treatment increased abundance levels of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Synergistetes and decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides, Bacteroides_bacterium_M7, Prevotella, Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2, were increased and Bacteroides_bacterium_H3, Parabacteroides, Porphyromonas, Alistipes, Parasutterella were decreased in the UC group in comparsion with those in the NG group. Moxibustion increased the abundance of Bacteroides and Bacteroides_bacterium_H3 and decreased Bacteroides_bacterium_M7, Prevotella, Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2. In addition, compare with the NG group, genes involved in certain metabolic pathways, such as energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, nucleotide transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, replication, recombination and repair, were under-represented in the UC group, and these changes in the metabolic pathways could be reversed by moxibustion treatment and mesalazine treatment.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that moxibustion treatment may protect the host from mucosal inflammation by modulating the intestinal microbiota community.

Background The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely related to the gut microbiota. Moxibustion has been used to improve the inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunctions in gastrointestinal disorders such as UC. In this study, we investigated whether moxibustion could improve the gut microbial dysbiosis induced by dextran sulphate sodium. Methods Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned into five groups. The UC rat model was established by administering DSS solution. The rats in the moxibustion and normal rats with moxibustion groups were treated with moxibustion at Tianshu (bilateral, ST25) points, and the mesalazine group rats were treated with mesalazine once daily for 7 consecutive days. Disease activity index (DAI) and haematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate the effect of moxibustion. Gut microbiota profiling was conducted by metagenomic high throughput sequencing technology. The gut microbiota composition, diversity and function were analyzed and compared using metagenomics methodologies. Results The DAI scores and histopathology scores in the moxibustion and mesalazine groups were significantly decreased compared with the UC group (P Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Synergistetes and decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides, Bacteroides_bacterium_M7, Prevotella, Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2, were increased and Bacteroides_bacterium_H3, Parabacteroides, Porphyromonas, Alistipes, Parasutterella were decreased in the UC group in comparsion with those in the NG group. Moxibustion increased the abundance of Bacteroides and Bacteroides_bacterium_H3 and decreased Bacteroides_bacterium_M7, Prevotella, Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2. In UC group, the specie Bacteroides_massiliensis was negatively (P Bacteroides_eggerthii_CAG109 and Bacteroides_eggerthii were negatively (P Prevotella_sp_CAG1031 and Bacteroides_bacterium_H2 were significant positively (P Conclusions Our findings suggest that moxibustion treatment may protect the host from mucosal inflammation by modulating the intestinal microbiota community.

To evaluate the efficacy of herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) at Qihai (CV6), Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37) acupoints in relieving symptoms and the immune regulation of HPM on the toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.A randomized, single-blind study was conducted 63 patients to receive HPM or sham HPM treatment. The efficacy outcomes included scores of the Mayo, Baron, inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ), self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the colon. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and TLR4 signaling pathway related molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry.Baron, SDS, SAS scores were significantly decreased in moxibustion group (P0.05), IBDQ score was significantly greater in the moxibustion group than in the sham moxibustion group (P0.05). Histopathology of mucosal biopsies showed that both two groups improved in mucosa after treatment. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, and TLR4, lipopolysaccharide, myeloid differentiation factor 88, interleukin receptor associated kinase, tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 were significantly lower in the moxibustion group than in the sham moxibustion group (P0.05).This study showed that HPM at Qihai?(CV6),?Tianshu?(ST25) and?Shangjuxu (ST37) acupoints is effective to relieve symptoms, anxiety, depression and improving life quality in UC patients, which may be related to the immune regulation of HPM on TLR4 signaling pathway.

The role of RNA m5C (5-methylcytosine) and RNA m5C methyltransferases (RCMTs, including NSUN1, NSUN2, NSUN3, NSUN4, NSUN5, NSUN6, NSUN7 and TRDMT1) in human cancers remains largely unknown. In this study, GEPIA2 was used to compare the expression of RCMTs in human cancers and that in associated normal tissues, and to analyze the prognosis value of NSUN5 expression. UALCAN was used to compare the methylation level of NSUN5 promoter in human cancers and that in associated normal tissues. LinkedOmics was used perform BPs (biological processes), CCs (cellular components), MFs (molecular functions) and KEGG pathways analyses of NSUN5-correlated genes in each cancer one by one. We found that six RCMTs (NSUN1-NSUN5 and TRDMT1), especially NSUN5, were generally upregulated in human cancers, that the hypomethylation of NSUN5 promoter may be responsible for its upregulation, and that overexpressed NSUN5 predicted poorer prognosis and was positively correlated with translation in human cancers. The function of NSUN5 in human cancers and its mechanism need to be validated by biological experiments.

Background and aim The microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of the terminal ileum, sigmoid colon, and rectal mucosa of adult patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) have been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to identify dysregulated miRNAs in the mucosa of the ascending colon. Methods Biopsy tissue samples were taken from the mucosae of inflammatory (iCD) or noninflammatory (niCD) areas of the ascending colons of adult patients with active CD. miRNA and mRNA expression profiles were detected using microarray analyses. miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) demonstrating significant differences were validated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Luciferase reporter genes were used to measure two miRNAs inhibition of potential target genes in human 293T cells in vitro. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the ascending colon miRNA expression profiles revealed that 43 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 35 were downregulated in the iCD group. The mRNA expression profiles indicated that 3370 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in the ascending colon, with 2169 upregulated and 1201 downregulated mRNAs in the iCD group, and only 20 miRNAs demonstrated significant differential expression in the niCD group. In contrast, nearly 100 miRNAs significantly varied between the iCD and niCD groups. Finally, luciferase reporter gene assays showed that hsa-miR-16-1 directly regulated the human C10orf54 gene and that they were negatively correlated. Conclusions Our results indicated that the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were related to immune inflammation and intestinal flora. The data provide preliminary evidence that the occurrence of CD involves the inhibition of C10orf54 expression by hsa-miR-16-1.

Objective To explore the regulating effect of moxibustion on the enteric nervous system of rats with Crohn's disease. Methods Ten SD rats were selected randomly from 40 rats as normal control (group A), and the other 30 rats were established into Crohn's disease rat models by adopting clysis method with TNBS. On the basis of modeling successfully, the model rats were randomly divided into model group (group B), herbs-partitioned moxibustion group (group C) and mild moxibustion group (group D) with 8 rats in each group (4 rats were dead during modeling. After modeling, 2 rats were selected from group A, and 2 rats were selected from models for determination, at last, 8 rats were included in each group). In group C and group D, herbs-partitioned moxibustion or mild moxibustion was applied on “Tiānshū ( ST 25)” bilaterally, and the rats in group A and group B were fixed as in treatment groups. HE stain was conducted, and morphological observation was performed on the colonic tissue of rats; the expression levels of proteins of S-100, SP, NPY and their receptors were observed by adopting immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with group A, the expression levels of proteins of S-100, SP and its receptor NK1R, NPY and its receptors NPY1R and NPY2R in the intestinal tract of rats in model groups increased obviously, and the differences were statistically significant. (Ps-100 Conclusion Moxibustion treatment may regulate the expression levels of proteins of S-100, SP, NK1R, NPY, NPYIR and NPY2R through warm stimulation, alleviate inflammatory response of colonic tissue, and repair impaired colonic mucosa, thus achieving the goal of treating Crohn's disease.

Abnormal pain processing in the central nervous system may be related to abdominal pain in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in resting-state brain activity in patients with CD in remission and its relationship with the presence of abdominal pain. Twenty-five patients with CD and with abdominal pain, 25 patients with CD and without abdominal pain, and 32 healthy subjects were scanned using a 3.0-T functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to assess resting-state brain activity. Daily pain scores were collected 1 week before functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that patients with abdominal pain exhibited lower ReHo values in the insula, middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and supplementary motor area and higher ReHo values in the temporal pole. In contrast, patients without abdominal pain exhibited lower ReHo values in the hippocampal/parahippocampal cortex and higher ReHo values in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (all P < 0.05, corrected). The ReHo values of the insula and MCC were significantly negatively correlated with daily pain scores for patients with abdominal pain (r = -0.53, P = 0.008 and r = -0.61, P = 0.002, respectively). These findings suggest that resting-state brain activities are different between remissive patients with CD with and without abdominal pain and that abnormal activities in insula and MCC are closely related to the severity of abdominal pain.

To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion therapies on patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). A total of 60 D-IBS patients were randomly allocated to the EA group (30 cases) and moxibustion group (30 cases). Before and after treatment, the gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological symptoms were scored by Visual Analogue Scale, Bristol Stool Form Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD); the expressions of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R), and 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) in the sigmoid mucosal tissue were measured by immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, the effects on the functional brain areas of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insular cortex (IC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were observed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared with before treatment, both EA and moxibustion groups reported significant improvements in abdominal pain and abdominal bloating after treatment (P

To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion (Moxi) on visceral pain and expression of vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR 1) and heat shock protein (HSP)70 in "Tianshu" (ST 25) region in colorectal distension (CRD)-induced visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) rats.Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, VHS model, 43℃-moxi, 46℃-moxi, 1 mA-EA and 3 mA-EA groups (The AWR scores for 20, 40, 60 and 80 mmHg CRD pressures were significantly increased compared to the normal control group (Moxibustion at 43℃ and 46℃ and EA at 1 mA and 3 mA, especially the 46℃-moxi, can relieve visceral pain in visceral hypersensitivity rats, which may be related to their effects in up-regulating expression of VR 1 and HSP 70 in "Tianshu" (ST 25) area.

The microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of the terminal ileum, sigmoid colon, and rectal mucosa of adult patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) have been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to identify dysregulated miRNAs in the mucosa of the ascending colon.Biopsy tissue samples were taken from the mucosae of inflammatory (iCD) or noninflammatory (niCD) areas of the ascending colons of adult patients with active CD. miRNA and mRNA expression profiles were detected using microarray analyses. miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) demonstrating significant differences were validated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Luciferase reporter genes were used to measure two miRNAs inhibition of potential target genes in human 293T cells in vitro.Compared with the healthy control group, the ascending colon miRNA expression profiles revealed that 43 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 35 were downregulated in the iCD group. The mRNA expression profiles indicated that 3370 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in the ascending colon, with 2169 upregulated and 1201 downregulated mRNAs in the iCD group, and only 20 miRNAs demonstrated significant differential expression in the niCD group. In contrast, nearly 100 miRNAs significantly varied between the iCD and niCD groups. Finally, luciferase reporter gene assays showed that hsa-miR-16-1 directly regulated the human C10orf54 gene and that they were negatively correlated.Our results indicated that the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were related to immune inflammation and intestinal flora. The data provide preliminary evidence that the occurrence of CD involves the inhibition of C10orf54 expression by hsa-miR-16-1.

To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and mild-warm moxibustion (Mox) therapies for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) patients. Sixty C-IBS patients were assigned to 2 groups by simple randomized method, i.e. EA group (30 cases) and Mox group (30 cases). Both EA and Mox treatments were performed on bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) for 30 min each time, 6 times per week, for 4 consecutive weeks. The gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological symptoms of the two groups were scored before and after treatment. The effects on the corresponding functional brain areas, namely the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insular cortex (IC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were observed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after treatment. Compared with the Mox group, greater improvements in abdominal distension, defecation frequency, diffificulty in defecation and stool features were observed in the EA group (all P

To investigate the effect of Der f 1 mRNA molecules for specific immunotherapy on murine model of asthma.Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: PBS group, Der f 1 sensitization group, Der f 1 specific immunotherapy (SIT) group, beta-actin mRNA SIT group, and Derf 1 mRNA SIT group. On days 0, 7 and 14, mice in PBS group received PBS injection; mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10 microg Derf 1. At day 21, the mice in the 4 experimental groups were challenged with a 30-min inhaled dose of Der f 1 (100 microg/ml) for 7 successive days. Two weeks after the final sensitization, the mice in the above five groups were im- munized by intradermal injection with PBS, 1 microg Der f 1, 10 microg Der f 1, 2 microg beta-actin mRNA, and 2 microg Der f 1 mRNA, respectively for 3 times at one-week intervals. Two weeks after the last intradermal injection, all mice were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-13 in BALF, the number of eosinophils in the BALF was recorded. Splenocytes were prepared, and cultured with Der f 1 al- lergen (10 Jg/ml) for 72 h. Splenocytes of PBS group was cultured without Derf 1 allergen. The levels of IFN-gamma and IL-13 in splenocyte culture supernatant were measured by ELISA, as well as serum antibody levels of total IgE, allergen- specific IgE (sIgE), sIgG1, and sIgG2a. Lung sections were stained in hematoxylin and eosin, and observed under the microsope.Except for PBS group, mice in the other 4 group showed symptoms of acute asthma attack. Com- pared with Derf 1 sensitization group [(897.56 +/- 105.73) pg/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group [(219.47 +/- 64.72) pg/ml], the level of IFN-gamma in BALF from Der f 1 mRNA SIT group [(897.56 +/- 105.73) pg/ml] and Derfl SIT group [(864.48 +/- 70.62)pg/ml] significantly increased (P0.01). However, the level of IL-13 in BALF from Derf 1 mRNA SIT group [(241.64 +/- 31.41) pg/ml] and Derf 1 SIT group [(321.94 +/- 41.07)pg/ml] was significantly lower than that of Der f 1 sensitization group [(520.62 +/- 43.77) pg/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group [(507.22 +/- 42.26) pg/ml](P0.01). The number of eosinophils in Der f 1 mRNA SIT group [(1.33 +/- 0.44) x 10(5)/ml] and Der f 1 SIT group [(1.48 +/- 0.39) x 10(5)/ml] was also lower than that of Der f 1 sensitization group [(3.54 +/- 0.52)x10(5)/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group [(2.98-0.53) x 10(5)/ml] (P0.01). The levels of IFN-GAMMA and IL-13 in splenocyte culture supernatant showed that IFN-gamma level in Der f 1 mRNA SIT group [(420.91+69.92) pg/ml] and Der f 1 SIT group [(334.92 +/- 43.72) pg/ml] was significantly higher than that of Der f 1 sensitization group[(123.75 +/- 5.48) pg/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group[(128.84 +/- 59.00) pg/ml] (P0.01). However, IL-13 level of Der f 1 mRNA SIT group [(268.51 +/- 40.42) pg/ml] and Der f 1 SIT group [(285.26 +/- 62.21) pg/ml] was significantly lower than that of Derf 1 sensitization group [(613.89 +/- 51.54) pg/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group [(524.05 +/- 39.12) pg/ml] (P0.01). Compared with Der f 1 sensitization group [total IgE: (94.34 +/- 11.66) ng/ml, sIgE: (65.67 +/- 9.47) ng/ml, sIgG1: (75.18 +/- 9.52) ng/ml, sIgG2a: (2.81 +/- 1.17) ng/ml] and beta-actin mRNA SIT group[total IgE: (86.48 +/- 10.26) ng/ml, sIgE: (62.36 +/- 8.35) ng/ml, sIgG1: (69.51 +/- 8.98) ng/ml, IgG2a: (1.06 +/- 0.11) ng/ml], the serum antibody levels of total IgE [(33.72 +/- 9.78) ng/ml], sIgE [(22.76 +/- 8.09) ng/ml], sIgG1 [(17.87 +/- 7.59) ng/ml] of Der f 1 mRNA SIT group decreased significantly (P0.01), whereas the level of IgG% [(7.74 +/- 0.88) ng/ml] increased (P0.01). Compared with Der f 1 sensitization group, the asthmatic symptoms were relieved after immunization with Der f 1 mRNA for specific immunotherapy, including intact structure of respiratory and alveolar epithelial cells, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and similar to those in Der f 1 SIT group. However, the breakage and detachment of bronchial epithelial cells occurred in beta-actin mRNA SIT group.Derf 1 mRNA vaccine can correct Th1 and Th2 imbalance.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion for the treatment of active Crohn's disease (CD).Ninety-two patients were equally and randomly divided into the treatment group and received herb-partitioned moxibustion combined with acupuncture, and the control group received wheat bran-partitioned moxibustion combined with superficial acupuncture. The patients received three treatment sessions per week for 12 wk and were followed up for 24 wk. The main outcome was evaluated using the CD Activity Index (CDAI) score, and the secondary outcomes were evaluated using laboratory indicators such as hemoglobin (HGB), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, quality-of-life, endoscopic ratings, and intestinal histology scores.The CDAI scores of both the treatment and control groups were significantly reduced after treatment compared with those measured before treatment. However, the degree of improvement in the treatment group was significantly greater than that of the control group. The improvement in symptoms in patients of the treatment group was sustained at follow-up, whereas that of the control group was not. The overall efficacy of the treatment was significantly greater than that of the control. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in quality-of-life ratings after treatment, but the improvement was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the control group. In addition, the patients in the treatment group showed significantly increased HGB and significantly decreased CRP levels and histopathological scores at the end of treatment, whereas the control group did not exhibit significant changes.Moxibustion with acupuncture provided significant therapeutic benefits in patients with active CD beyond the placebo effect and is therefore an effective and safe treatment for active CD.