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Objective: To evaluate the connection between the items included in the AVD-DezIs score (a questionnaire about basic and instrumental activities of daily living and other topics related to social and personal life) and in-hospital and 30-day mortality after discharge. Methods: Prospective cohort study of hospitalizations in the Internal Medicine ward from 2014 to 2020, including >18 years old patients with a fully completed AVD-DezIs. To identify in-hospital and 30 days mortality, univariate and multivariate logistic models were applied, including random effects if justified. Results: A total of 19,771 episodes of hospitalization were included. In the univariate analysis, except for the presence of isolation and financial insufficiency, all the items were predictors of mortality in-hospital or within 30 days after discharge. In multivariate analysis, older age, male sex, longer hospital stay, higher Charlson score, deficiency in all four activities of daily living, deficiency in meal preparation and housekeeping, presence of pain/depression, immobility, and malnutrition are associated with a higher probability of in-hospital death whereas older age, male gender, higher Charlson score, longer length of hospital stay, deficiency in personal hygiene, ambulation, and eating habits, as well as the presence of incontinence and malnutrition, are associated with a higher probability of 30 days after discharge death. Discussion/Conclusion: Except for isolation and financial insufficiency, all items were individually associated with the outcomes. When they are considered in conjunction and taking into account sex, age, comorbidities and length of stay, the predictive ability of in-hospital and 30 days mortality differed.

Paratuberculosis (PTB), or Johne’s disease, is a disease with worldwide distribution caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that leads to chronic enteritis, primarily in ruminants. Even subclinical infection significantly reduces the animals’ performance, and consequences of the disease lead to high economic losses for the cattle industry. To estimate the economic burden of bovine PTB and to evaluate the benefits of a potential control program, accurate estimates of the production effects associated with the disease are required. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive overview of associations between MAP infection and production parameters in cattle. The studies were collected from three electronic databases. Of the total 1,605 identified studies, 1,432 did not meet the set criteria in the title and abstract screening and a further 106 were excluded during full-text review. Finally, data on 34 different production parameters were extracted from 67 publications. Results show that the magnitude of reported performance losses varies depending on several factors, such as the type of diagnostic test applied, disease status or number of lactations. Studies reported a reduction in milk yield, changes in milk quality (e.g., higher somatic cell count, lower amount of produced milk fat and protein), reduced fertility (e.g., prolonged calving interval and service period, higher abortion rate and calving difficulties), reduced weaning weight, slaughter weight and slaughter value, or a higher risk for mastitis. Results from the studies included in our review show a median decrease of milk yield per infected cow of −452 kg/lactation for raw and −405 kg/lactation for modeled data. Similarly, the amount of produced milk protein fell by a median of −14.41 kg/lactation for modeled data and the amount of produced milk fat by a median of −13.13 kg/lactation. The reviewed studies revealed a prolonged calving interval by around 30 days and a 1.5 to 3 times higher likeliness of culling per lactation in PTB positive animals. Results from this scoping review provide evidence-based inputs for the development of economic models aiming at the estimation of the costs and benefits associated with different disease control scenarios for PTB.

Falls are well documented has being a major cause of accidental injury and deaths worldwide, especially among the elderly, with a higher probability of occurrence in the population over 60 years of age (WHO, 2021). Falls are preventable, but the consequences of falls can lead to injuries and may result in loss of independence. Decreased overall motor skills of the elderly, such as muscle strength, power, flexibility, agility, and endurance, cause walking difficulty (Spirduzo, Francis, Eakin & Stanford, 2005; Jeon M-Y, Choe M, 2002; Salzman, 2010), nevertheless, physical activity and exercise can contribute to maintaining quality of life, health, physical function and reducing falls among older people (Gillespie et al., 2012; Tricco, et al., 2017). Thus, the present study aims to analyze the association between fear of falling, eye-segmental coordination and dynamic balance in participants in a physical exercise program for the elderly. Sample consisted of 103 individuals (22 men and 81 woman) with a mean age of 71.3 (±5.9) years, participants of a gerontomotricity municipal program from 5 different locations, in the central region of Portugal. Wall Drop Punt Kick and Catch test was used to assess eye-segmental coordination, Foot Up and Go test to assess dynamic balance, and the Falls Efficacy Scale International questionnaire to assess the fear of falling. Results confirms that higher levels of eye-segmental coordination are correlated both with dynamic balance and the fear of falling (r = - 0.39, p < 0.001 & r = - 0.28, p < 0.01, respectively) and also, that dynamic balance correlates with the fear of falling (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). Interesting to note that age was not correlated with any of these 3 variables, despite its amplitude ranging from 57 to 85 years old. Differences between sex were only observed for eye-segmental coordination (men = 9.36, women = 4.61; p < 0.001). The years of participation in this program ranged from 0.1 a 17.5, but it showed no correlation with any studied variable (p > 0.05). With this study we could confirm that higher levels of fear of falling in the older population is related to lower levels of eye-segmental coordination and lower levels of dynamic balance, emphasizing the need to maintain or adopt active lifestyles that promote the development, or at least, avoid the decrease of human motor skills performance.

A wide variety of control and surveillance programmes that are designed and implemented based on country-specific conditions exists for infectious cattle diseases that are not regulated. This heterogeneity renders difficult the comparison of probabilities of freedom from infection estimated from collected surveillance data. The objectives of this review were to outline the methodological and epidemiological considerations for the estimation of probabilities of freedom from infection from surveillance information and review state-of-the-art methods estimating the probabilities of freedom from infection from heterogeneous surveillance data. Substantiating freedom from infection consists in quantifying the evidence of absence from the absence of evidence. The quantification usually consists in estimating the probability of observing no positive test result, in a given sample, assuming that the infection is present at a chosen (low) prevalence, called the design prevalence. The usual surveillance outputs are the sensitivity of surveillance and the probability of freedom from infection. A variety of factors influencing the choice of a method are presented; disease prevalence context, performance of the tests used, risk factors of infection, structure of the surveillance programme and frequency of testing. The existing methods for estimating the probability of freedom from infection are scenario trees, Bayesian belief networks, simulation methods, Bayesian prevalence estimation methods and the STOC free model. Scenario trees analysis is the current reference method for proving freedom from infection and is widely used in countries that claim freedom. Bayesian belief networks and simulation methods are considered extensions of scenario trees. They can be applied to more complex surveillance schemes and represent complex infection dynamics. Bayesian prevalence estimation methods and the STOC free model allow freedom from infection estimation at the herd-level from longitudinal surveillance data, considering risk factor information and the structure of the population. Comparison of surveillance outputs from heterogeneous surveillance programmes for estimating the probability of freedom from infection is a difficult task. This paper is a ‘guide towards substantiating freedom from infection’ that describes both all assumptions-limitations and available methods that can be applied in different settings.

Introduction/Aim: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs) frequently have an indolent clinical course, despite their metastatic potential. The aim of the study was to identify prognostic factors associated with overall survival and risk of metastases and to evaluate the impact of serial measurements of chromogranin A (CgA). Methods: The authors performed a retrospective cohort study including consecutive patients with GNET diagnosed between 2010 and 2019, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: We included 132 patients with GNET (type I, 113 patients; type II, 1 patient; type III, 14 patients; type IV, 2 patients; not classifiable, 2 patients), with 61% being female and a mean age at diagnosis of 66 years. During the follow-up period (median 66 months), 3 (2.3%) patients died due to metastatic disease (1 patient with type III and 2 patients with type IV). Male gender (p = 0.030), type III/IV (p < 0.001), Ki-67 index >20% (p < 0.001), grade 2/3 (p < 0.001), invasion beyond the submucosa (p < 0.001), and presence of metastases (p < 0.001) were identified as risk factors for mortality in the univariate analysis. Metastasis developed in 7 patients (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that Ki-67 >20% (p = 0.016) was an independent risk factor for metastasis. Overall, CgA showed a sensitivity of 20% for detection of recurrence and a specificity of 79% (sensitivity of 8% and specificity of 71% in type I GNETs). Conclusion: Identification of risk factors for the presence of metastases and for mortality in these groups of patients can help in individualizing the therapeutic strategy. CgA seems to be a weak marker for monitoring patients with GNET.

Abstract Background: Assessing the health status of a natural ecosystem is important across all natural fields of study. Ecologists have discussed and used a variety of terms to describe the health of ecosystems, yet consistent use or adoption of a set of terms has not been established. A common vernacular is necessary to convey the status of an ecosystem to any audience, particularly to influence policy. The purpose of this review is to explore the terms associated with general ecosystem health metrics. Methods: A scoping literature review was performed within three databases, using a search string informed by place, interest, and outcome, a modified PICO (Place, Interest, Comparison, Outcome) structure. A three-stage review process was conducted, at title only, abstract, and full text, respectively. The second and third stages were conducted by two independent reviewers. Key ecosystem health indicator terms were extracted from the final article list and categorized into composite terms or individual indicators for the assessment of general ecosystem health. Results: The initial search yielded 4733 articles, of which 701 were included for screening at the abstract level. A subsequent full-text review of 118 peer-reviewed articles found 95 distinct indicators and 109 multi-metric index systems that qualify under the study search criteria from a total of 64 scientific journals over 20 years. Conclusions: We found a substantial diversity of ecological health terminologies and concepts, reflecting various scientific traditions and disciplines, which highlight not only the necessity to standardize the language for communication but also the opportunity for cross-fertilization. Single distinct indicators were as frequently used as multi-metric index systems. For academic purposes, this raises the question of how underlying value statements and ethical dimensions differ between integrated health terminologies and concepts. For advocacy, we emphasize the need of a consistent core terminology to improve the effectiveness of our messaging. One Health impact statement The impact of this work is focused on the systematic investigation of the terminology used for integrated health assessment. We carried out a scoping review of integrated ecosystem health terminology across disciplines, including 64 different journals from 2002 to 2022. This work has the potential to improve actionable policies in favor of environmental and ecosystem protection and remediation. This landscape analysis is a step toward the creation of a meaningful vocabulary of ecosystem health indicators, including how terminology descriptors and their use can be understood by different stakeholders across disciplines, with implications on the dimensions of implicit intrinsic and extrinsic value statements. By having a dedicated terminology associated with the health or disease of ecosystems in general, systems can be compared, and a simplified message can be conveyed, thereby enhancing not only the understanding of the importance of the health of ecosystems but also improving the ways in which we promote ecological health.

Assessment instruments for functioning in general and quality of life in particular often involve discrete scales with three, four, or five values, or Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) with a range 0–100. VAS scales often need to be downsized and discretized using intervals or clusters. Cutoff points for these intervals/clusters need to be carefully selected and justified. Our objective was to underline the importance of providing clear interpretations of many-valuedness appearing in quality-of-life (QoL) instruments, and to present a methodology for the provision of such clearness. Doing so, we view QoL scales as originating within the World Health Organization (WHO).

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening relies primarily on stool analysis to identify occult blood. However, its sensitivity for detecting precancerous lesions is limited, requiring the development of new tools to improve CRC screening. Carcinogenesis involves significant alterations in mucosal epithelium glycocalyx that decisively contribute to disease progression. Building on this knowledge, we examined patient series comprehending premalignant lesions, colorectal tumors, and healthy controls for the T-antigen—a short-chain O-glycosylation of proteins considered a surrogate marker of malignancy in multiple solid cancers. We found the T-antigen in the secretions of dysplastic lesions as well as in cancer. In CRC, T-antigen expression was associated with the presence of distant metastases. In parallel, we analyzed a broad number of stools from individuals who underwent colonoscopy, which showed high T expressions in high-grade dysplasia and carcinomas. Employing mass spectrometry-based lectin-affinity enrichment, we identified a total of 262 proteins, 67% of which potentially exhibited altered glycosylation patterns associated with cancer and advanced pre-cancerous lesions. Also, we found that the stool (glyco)proteome of pre-cancerous lesions is enriched for protein species involved in key biological processes linked to humoral and innate immune responses. This study offers a thorough analysis of the stool glycoproteome, laying the groundwork for harnessing glycosylation alterations to improve non-invasive cancer detection.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains a pressing health concern due to conventional treatment failure and significant molecular heterogeneity, hampering the development of novel targeted therapeutics. In our quest for novel targetable markers, recent glycoproteomics and bioinformatics data have pinpointed (glucose transporter 1) GLUT1 as a potential biomarker due to its increased expression in tumours compared to healthy tissues. This study explores this hypothesis in more detail, with emphasis on GLUT1 glycosylation patterns and cancer specificity. Immunohistochemistry analysis across a diverse set of human bladder tumours representing all disease stages revealed increasing GLUT1 expression with lesion severity, extending to metastasis, while remaining undetectable in healthy urothelium. In line with this, GLUT1 emerged as a marker of reduced overall survival. Revisiting nanoLC-EThcD-MS/MS data targeting immature O-glycosylation on muscle-invasive tumours identified GLUT1 as a carrier of short glycosylation associated with invasive disease. Precise glycosite mapping uncovered significant heterogeneity between patient samples, but also common glycopatterns that could provide the molecular basis for targeted solutions. Immature O-glycosylation conferred cancer specificity to GLUT1, laying the molecular groundwork for enhanced targeted therapeutics in bladder cancer. Future studies should focus on a comprehensive mapping of GLUT1 glycosites for highly specific cancer-targeted therapy development for bladder cancer.

Enquadramento: A evolução dos serviços de urgência tornou complexo o enquadramento das intervenções realizadas pelos enfermeiros. Compreender esta evolução é essencial para gerir eficientemente estes recursos e garantir cuidados seguros às pessoas. Objetivo: Descrever as intervenções de enfermagem implementadas aos clientes no serviço de urgência. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com uma abordagem descritiva e exploratória, que ocorreu em duas etapas sequenciais - (1) identificação das intervenções de enfermagem através da observação não participante, entrevista semiestruturada e questionário e (2) análise de conteúdo às intervenções identificadas Resultados: Identificaram-se 1429 intervenções que foram categorizadas em 24 dimensões. As mais comuns incluíram a Administração de fármacos, a Avaliação clínica, a Colheita de amostras biológicas, a Gestão da informação clínica e a Manutenção do funcionamento das unidades. Conclusão: As intervenções identificadas revelam uma ampla gama de práticas que vão além do cuidado direto à pessoa, incluindo a gestão do fluxo de trabalho e da informação clínica. Os resultados do estudo destacam a importância de uma melhor compreensão dessas intervenções para a otimização dos serviços de urgência.

Almost all open educational resources (OER) definitions encompass key concepts such as the 5R activities and open licenses. However, little attention is given to the technical aspects and tools that allow the user to interact with these resources. This study aims to answer five research questions regarding (a) 5R activities, (b) open licenses and intellectual property, (c) technical aspects, (d) tools for developing OER, and (e) the topic of sustainability. To answer these questions, a systematic review of systematic reviews on OER was conducted following the reporting checklist of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Sixteen studies were eligible and included in this review. The main findings suggest that although most studies did not mention the term 5R exactly, they mentioned related terms, such as share and adaptation. There was also a tendency toward focusing on more legal issues than technical aspects. Besides, most of the studies that mentioned tools discussed them as platforms to access OER, not exactly tools that encourage users to develop or adapt resources in an easy way. In relation to sustainability, several studies highlighted the relevance of developing sustainable OER models, but only a few suggested approaches to sustain an OER project. Therefore, with this article, we hope to raise awareness of the importance of the technical openness and tools that might contribute to fostering users’ engagement with the OER, helping them to act as producers and contributors rather than mere passive receivers.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been part of every citizen's life for several years. Still, the emergence of generative AI (GenAI), accessible to all, has raised discussions about the ethical issues they raise, particularly in education. GenAI tools generate content according to user requests, but are students using these tools ethically and safely? Can teachers guide students in this use and use these tools in their teaching activities? This paper argues that teacher professional development (TPD) is an essential key trigger in adopting these emerging technologies. The paper will present an integrative literature review that discusses the components of TPD that may empower teachers to guide their students towards the ethical and safe use of GenAI. According to the literature review, one key component of TPD should be AI literacy, which involves understanding AI, its capabilities and limitations, and its potential benefits and drawbacks in education. Another essential component is hands-on activities that engage teachers, their peers, and students in actively using these tools during the training process. The paper will discuss the advantages of working with GenAI tools and designing lesson plans to implement them critically in the classroom.

Background: Few studies have compared conventional and self-assisted shoulder reduction maneuvers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of self-assisted Davos vs. traction/countertraction (T/Ct) techniques in the treatment of acute anterior shoulder dislocations. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective study carried out at a tertiary hospital emergency department. Patients aged 18-69 years old, with radiographic confirmation of anterior glenohumeral dislocations, were consecutively allocated to treatment groups. Recorded data included pain at admission (visual analog scale [VAS] score at admission), analgesia before reduction, maximum pain during reduction (maximum VAS score), demographic characteristics, lesion mechanism, laterality, prior dislocation, and immediate complications. The primary outcomes were reduction success rate and pain. Results: Eighty individuals were included (40/group). Regarding the success rate, no statistically significant differences were found between Davos or T/Ct (87.5% vs. 85%; P = .058). The maximum VAS score was significantly lower in Davos than that in T/Ct (4.18 ± 2.00 vs. 6.30 ± 2.13; P

Introduction: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) are being more frequently diagnosed and treated by endoscopic resection (ER) techniques. However, comparison studies of the different ER techniques or long-term outcomes are rarely reported. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study analyzing short and long-term outcomes after ER of gastric, duodenum, and rectal GI-NETs. Comparison between standard EMR (sEMR), EMR with a cap (EMRc), and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was made. Results: Fifty-three patients with GI-NET (25 gastric, 15 duodenal, and 13 rectal; sEMR = 21; EMRc = 19; ESD = 13) were included in the analysis. Median tumor size was 11 mm (range 4–20), significantly larger in the ESD and EMRc groups compared to the sEMR group (p < 0.05). Complete ER was possible in all cases with 68% histological complete resection (no difference between the groups). Complication rate was significantly higher in the EMRc group (EMRc 32%, ESD 8%, and EMRs 0%, p = 0.01). Local recurrence occurred in only one patient, and systemic recurrence in 6%, with size ≥ 12 mm being a risk factor for systemic recurrence (p = 0.05). Specific disease-free survival after ER was 98%. Conclusion: ER is a safe and highly effective treatment particularly for less than 12 mm luminal GI-NETs. EMRc is associated with a high complication rate and should be avoided. sEMR is an easy and safe technique that is associated with long-term curability, and it is probably the best therapeutic option for most luminal GI-NETs. ESD appears to be the best option for lesions that cannot be resected en bloc with sEMR. Multicenter, prospective randomized trials should confirm these results.

With a characteristic flavour and aroma, “Maçã de Alcobaça” are apples produced in the western region of the mainland of Portugal. Given the known influence of pre-harvest cultural techniques and post-harvest conservation methods on fruit quality, this work evaluated the effect of cultural factors and conservation methods on the volatile profile of ‘Gala’ apples. Tests were carried out during four seasons (2018 to 2021) in two ‘Gala’ apple orchards (F and S) maintained with different irrigation rates and nitrogen fertilisation [normal irrigation and normal nitrogen (Control, NINN), normal irrigation and excess nitrogen (NIEN), excess irrigation and normal nitrogen (EINN), excess irrigation and excess nitrogen (EIEN)], and under three storage conditions [Controlled Atmosphere + 1-methylcyclopropene (CA+1-MCP), Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) and DCA+1-MCP]. The intact fruit volatiles were isolated by headspace solid–phase microextraction (HS–SPME) and analysed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionisation Detection and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry at harvest (T0) and after 8 months of storage (T8). HS–SPME volatiles from ‘Gala’ apples, obtained at T0 in control conditions, were characterised by trans,trans-α-farnesene dominance (36–69%), followed by hexyl acetate (5–23%) and hexyl hexanoate (3–9%). The four irrigation and nitrogen treatments did not evidence main changes in the apple volatile profile. Instead, storage conditions changed the ratio between compounds; previously undetected compounds attained high percentages and decreased the intensity of the dominant compounds in the control conditions. Although all storage conditions tested changed the volatile profile and emanation intensity, the effect was more accentuated in storage for 8 months with DCA+1-MCP.

BackgroundDespite the large number of pigs involved in translational studies, no gold standard depth of anaesthesia indicators are available. We undertook a scoping review to investigate and summarize the evidence that sustains or contradicts the use of depth of anaesthesia indicators in this species.MethodsMedline, Embase and CAB abstract were searched up to September 22nd 2022. No limits were set for time, language and study type. Only original articles of in vivo studies using pigs or minipigs undergoing general anaesthesia were included. The depth of anaesthesia indicators reported in the selected papers were divided in two categories: A, indicators purposely investigated as method to assess depth of anaesthesia; B, indicators reported but not investigated as method to assess depth of anaesthesia.ResultsOut of 13792 papers found, 105 were included after the screening process. Category A: 17 depth of anaesthesia indicators were found in 19 papers. Studies were conducted using inhalant anaesthetics as the main anaesthetic agent in the majority of the cases (13/19 = 68.4%), while 3/19 (15.8%) used propofol. The most investigated depth of anaesthesia indicators were bispectral index (8/19 = 42.1%) and spectral edge frequency 95% (5/19 = 26.3%). Contrasting results about the specific usefulness of each depth of anaesthesia indicators were reported. Category B: 23 depth of anaesthesia indicators were found in 92 papers. The most reported depth of anaesthesia indicators were: motor response following a stimulus (37/92 = 40.2%), depth of anaesthesia scores (21/92 = 23.3%), bispectral index (16/92 = 17.8%) and spectral edge frequency 95% (9/92 = 9.8%).ConclusionResults highlight the lack of scientifically valid and reliable indicators to ensure adequate depth of anaesthesia in pigs.

Engineering structures are designed with observation of rules for structural performance under specific design loads, defined in the so-called structural codes. While dead loads are directly dependent from the selection of structural materials to a given structural function, live and accidental loads are often linked to the region where the structure must perform. In a complete opposition to engineering principles in Ancient Egypt, the inverted pyramid was designed to become a statement of how to bend gravitational laws, and what can be achieved by modern engineering, sill with intelligence to fulfill its function in a region where engineering structures are subjected to extreme live and accidental load regimes, e.g. high risk of earthquakes and high wind seasonal loads. A hybrid structural concept was specified, comprising lightweight structural wall elements anchored to a relatively heavyweight structural core. The suggested design concept fulfills the global equilibrium equation defined by architecture, and should become a structural example from a structural design perspective. As any other project involving non-comprehensive geometry, design and construction of the inverted pyramid is highly sensible to management options, which shall assure high precision manufacturing, and accurate control of its production.

Abstract This paper was developed within the scope of a PhD thesis that intends to characterize the use of mobile applications by the students of the University of Aveiro during class time. The main purpose of this paper is to present the results of an initial pilot study that aimed to fine-tune data collection methods in order to gather data that reflected the practices of the use of mobile applications by students in a higher education institution during classes. In this paper we present the context of the pilot, its technological settings, the analysed cases and the discussion and conclusions carried out to gather mobile applications usage data logs from students of an undergraduate degree on Communication Technologies. Our study gathered data from 77 participants, taking theoretical classes in the Department of Communication and Arts at the University of Aveiro. The research was based on the Grounded Theory method approach aiming to analyse the logs from the access points of the University. With the collected data, a profile of the use of mobile devices during classes was drawn. The preliminary findings suggest that the use of apps during the theoretical classes of the Department of Communication and Art is quite high and that the most used apps are Social networks like Facebook and Instagram. During this pilot the accesses during theoretical classes corresponded to approximately 11,177 accesses per student. We also concluded that the students agree that accessing applications can distract them during these classes and that they have a misperception about their use of online applications during classes, as the usage time is, in fact, more intensive than what participants reported.

Measurement(s) pro pluvia rogation date • proxy climate indicator Technology Type(s) digital curation Sample Characteristic - Environment drought Sample Characteristic - Location Mexico • Guatemala • Ecuador • Peru • Chile • Argentina • Portugal • Kingdom of Spain • French Republic • Italy • The Philippines Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14372093

The research work reported in this article is part of a wider study aimed at developing a mobile application (app) for Science Education in primary school. For that, we designed a participatory framework proposal nested within the larger framework of Educational Design Research. This framework emerged from the authors’ need to organise the different phases of the mobile apps development and to arrange the expected products that arise from them. Our framework suggests a grounded, participatory and user-centred approach, relating literature contributions with data collected among future end-users. In this study, we exemplify the implementation of the proposed framework by presenting the outcomes of a specific moment of the preliminary research: students’ stories and drawing analysis, to define the mobile app concept. For that, we (1) present and describe the participatory framework proposal, (2) identify and characterise the research method adopted to define the mobile app concept, (3) reveal and analyse data collected from the implementation of a creative writing and drawing activity performed by fourth grade primary-school students, and (4) describe the implications of data analysis in the mobile app concept definition. Our intention is to share with other educational researchers an approach that can be used to develop educational mobile apps grounded on future end-users’ perceptions and ideas. We also aim to contribute to deepen the Educational Design Research apps by proposing and exemplifying the implementation of a framework that brings together researchers, students, teachers and experts.

This article brings together empirical academic research on community-led territorial innovation initiatives. By engaging in a systematic literature review, the research analyses the role of digital technology in supporting community-led initiatives. Besides identifying the technologies used, this research develops an understanding both on its purpose of use and on its relation to communication and mediation strategies. A clear gap is found not only in terms of research reporting on community-led initiatives, but also on research studying the specific use of digital technology by those communities, highlighting a need for future research in the area. From an initial set of 1312, six articles are identified which meet the inclusion criteria for this review and only five of them report on technology use. Results show that a diversity of digital technologies, from blogs to online repositories, is used by the initiatives analysed, leveraging on the global coverage of the Internet. Besides a key role in supporting community collaboration and cooperation, digital technology also emerges as an important vehicle for community debate and as an enabler of community empowerment and advocacy.

Aneuploidy has been strongly linked to cancer development, and published evidence has suggested that aneuploidy can have an oncogenic or a tumor suppressor role depending on the tissue context. Using the Drosophila midgut as a model, we have recently described that adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs), do not activate programmed cell death upon aneuploidy induction, leading to an increase in ISC proliferation rate, and tissue dysplasia. How aneuploidy impacts ISCs in intestinal tumorigenic models remains to be investigated, and it represents a very important biological question to address since data from multiple in vivo models suggests that the cellular impact of aneuploidy is highly dependent on the cellular and tissue context. Using manipulation of different genetic pathways such as EGFR, JAK-STAT and Notch that cause dysplastic phenotypes in the Drosophila gut, we found that concomitant aneuploidy induction by impairment of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) consistently leads to a more severe progression of intestinal dysplasia or tumorigenesis. This is characterized by an accumulation of progenitor cells, high tissue cell density and higher stem cell proliferation rates, revealing an additive or synergistic effect depending on the misregulated pathway in which aneuploidy was induced. Thus, our data suggests that in the Drosophila gut, both dysplasia and tumorigenic phenotypes can be fueled by inducing genomic instability of resident stem cells.

This literature review focuses on the use of short videos for foreign language (FL) teaching and learning from 2013 to 2022, a research area that has been attracting growing attention. The results were classified according to three categories based on the scope of the short videos in research: (1) short videos as a medium, (2) short videos as an intervention, and (3) short videos as the central focus of studies. Such a categorization enabled us to determine that short videos have become an independent research term in the field of FL teaching and learning and to describe current trends in this field. The intrinsic characteristics of short videos in current educational and multimedia environments are discussed, namely, the reasons why short videos are used in the classroom, as well as the potential of short videos as a learning resource created by young students and as an open educational resource (OER). Finally, we consider the differences between short videos and traditional audiovisual resources to highlight their innovative contributions to FL teaching and learning.

Healthy ageing has become one of the most significant challenges in a society with an increasing life expectancy. Older adults have a greater prevalence of chronic disease, with the need for multiple medications to appropriately control these issues. In addition to their health concerns, ageing individuals are prone to loneliness, dependence, and economic issues, which may affect their quality of life. Governments and health professionals worldwide have developed various strategies to promote active and healthy ageing to improve the quality of life of older adults. Pharmacists are highly qualified health professionals, easily accessible to the population, thus playing a pivotal role in medication management. Their proximity to the patient puts them in a unique position to provide education and training to improve therapeutic adherence and identify medication-related problems. This paper aims to address the importance of Portuguese community pharmacists in the medication management of older adults, emphasising their intervention in health promotion, patient education, medication-related problems, deprescription, dose administration aids, and medication review and reconciliation. We also discuss home delivery services and medication management in long-term care facilities.

A clinical case in which skin and hair color change occurred after sacrococcygeal epidural anesthesia in a nine-month-old Siamese cross queen undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is described. Six weeks after surgery, during a re-check, it was noted that in the sacrococcygeal region the color of the skin and new hair growth was dark with a color comparable to the color present on the body extremities (muzzle, pinnae, legs, and tail). The skin and new hair growth of the shaved abdomen presented a standard color. The key enzyme of the melanogenic pathway in mammals is tyrosinase (TYR), and the Siamese temperature-sensitive phenotype is the result of genetic mutations that makes TYR function thermolabile. The activity of TYR in these cats is limited to the extremities where the temperature is lower while pigment production is impaired in the other body areas. The trichotomy of the sacrococcygeal region performed during wintertime in an outdoor cat was probably the trigger for increased activity of TYR in this area promoting pigment production. The absence of the same alterations in the abdominal area may be justified by less exposure of that region to the external environment, as well as to the feline habits of sedentarism, that avoid significant cooling in these regions. This report highlights the importance of taking this type of occurrence into account when performing an epidural in the Siamese cat breed. Also, to avoid skin color change in this breed, the authors recommend a midline abdominal instead of a flank approach to perform OHE.

Some European countries have successfully implemented country-specific control programs (CPs) for infectious cattle diseases that are not regulated or are regulated only to a limited extent at the European Union (EU) level. Examples of such diseases include bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Johne's disease (JD). The CPs vary between countries in the design and quality of collected data as well as methods used to detect infection and estimate prevalence or probability of freedom from infection. Differences in disease status between countries and non-standardized approaches to assess freedom from infection pose a risk for countries with CPs for non-regulated diseases as infected animals may influence the progress of the disease control or eradication program. The implementation of output-based standards allows estimation and comparison of the probability of freedom for non-regulated cattle diseases in European countries. The aim of the current study was to assess the existence and quality of data that could be used for estimating freedom from infection in European countries. The online data collection tool was sent to 32 countries participating in the SOUND control COST Action and was completed by 24 countries. Data on cattle demographics and data from CPs of IBR and BVD exist in more than 50% of the response countries. However, data describing risk factors and CP of JD was reported as existing in

The COST action “Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control),” aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for selected cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A selected cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min–max: 1–13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other diseases to further improve the health status of cattle in their country. The control of the selected cattle diseases is very heterogenous in Europe. Therefore, the standardising of the outputs of these programmes to enable comparison represents a challenge.

Case: A young adult male sustained a high-energy crash suffering multiple injuries including a comminuted right femoral shaft fracture and an ipsilateral iliac wing fracture. The iliac fracture was caused by a femoral fragment which was projected and pierced the iliac wing. The patient underwent surgery with retrieval of the femoral fragment and fixation of the iliac and femoral fractures. The lesions healed uneventfully. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of an iliac fracture caused by a projectile of autologous bone. High-energy trauma may present unusual or never seen injury patterns to the trauma surgeon.

Accurate calculation of rate constants for gas-phase OH-oxidation reactions of fluorinated compounds is crucial for the understanding of atmospheric processes that are subject of the Kigali Agreement. Here, we have determined two such rate constants for two hydrofluoroketones, HFK-447mcc and HFK-465mc. The calculations were performed with a cost-effective multiconformer transition state theory protocol coupled with the constrained transition state randomization sampling method. The calculated rate constants of k(HO•+HFK-447mcc)=3.1×10−15cm3molecule−1s−1 and k(HO•+HFK-465mc)=3.2×10−14cm3molecule−1s−1 at 298.15 K imply an atmospheric lifetime of 10 years and 1 year, respectively. To our knowledge, these rate constants have never been determined experimentally or theoretically, and the similarity between the ratios of these two rate constants and of the well-studied acetone and diethyl ketone suggest the validity of our approach toward obtaining accurate rate constants and branching ratios.

This paper describes a research study related to the development (conception, production, implementation and evaluation) of a set of transmedia activities associated with the study of humans ‘use of rocks. To do so, a narrative was created to guide students through a set of tasks—namely, during and after a field trip. During this field trip, students had to macroscopically identify a rock sample and record its geographical location, as well as take pictures in six stations. According to the data collected, students would, after the field trip, share this knowledge in a digital learning environment and collect pieces of a puzzle and, in some cases, badges. These transmedia activities, in line with the STS (Science-Technology-Society) perspective, aimed at contributing to the diversification of educational resources for Geosciences education. The study, predominantly qualitative in nature, reached 104 students from the 7th and 5th grades in a Natural Sciences course and the analysis of data suggests that students showed some skills in areas such as “interpersonal relationships”, “scientific, technical, and technological knowledge” and “information and communication”, although in this case they can be considered rather limited.

Renal artery aneurysms are rare. They are most commonly degenerative, congenital or due to medial fibroplasia. Proximal aneurysms can be repaired by endovascular and in-situ surgical techniques. However, aneurysms of the distal renal artery and its branches require ex-vivo surgical repair, also known as auto-transplantation: the kidney is removed, dissected and reconstructed in cold ischemia, and put back in place. A 69-year-old woman, with hypertension, presented with bilateral renal artery aneurysms with a diameter of 3.4 cm on the right kidney and 1 cm on the left kidney. The right renal artery aneurysm, which was due to medial fibroplasia, was successfully repaired using the ex-vivo surgical technique. Patency was confirmed by postoperative computed tomography angiography.

Technology enhanced learning (TEL) research connects Learning Sciences, Educational Psychology, and Computer Science, in order to investigate interventions based on digital technologies in education and training settings. In this paper, we argue that doctoral training activity for TEL needs to be situated at the intersection of disciplines in order to facilitate innovation. For this, we first review the state of disciplinarity in TEL, reviewing existing meta-studies of the field. Then, we survey 35 doctoral education programs in Europe in which doctoral students working on TEL topics are enrolled. Findings indicate that most doctoral schools are associated with a single discipline and offer methodological rather than content-specific modules. TEL-specific content is provided only in exceptional cases, creating a potentially isolating gap between master-level education and scientific conferences. On this background, we argue that cross-institutional doctoral training is important to progress TEL as a field. In this article, we study and share the approach of an international doctoral summer school organized by the European society EA-TEL over the past 15 years. The summer school provides foundational methodological knowledge from multiple disciplines, content-specific topical knowledge in TEL, access to cutting edge scientific discourse, and discussion of horizontal issues to doctoral students. We further provide an analysis of shifting program topics over time. Our analysis of both, institutional as well as cross-institutional doctoral training in TEL, constitutes this paper’s core contribution in that it highlights that further integration of perspectives and knowledge is to be done in TEL; together with codification and explication of knowledge in the intersection of disciplines.

Digital social networks are contemporary infocommunicational spaces that are influencing the social and economic development of territories as they link people, companies and services, offering tools for communication, storage, information distribution and sharing of knowledge and resources. Simultaneously, the mobility and the personalization of services give mobile platforms a viable and timelyalternative for the promotion of community-based initiatives, keeping consumers always online and allowing them to identify nearby locations and services in real-time. This study presents the prototyping process of a mobile digital platform that aims to promote territorial innovation, specifying its phases, from the initial stage of the platform concept to the stage of development of a medium-fidelity prototype. Both features and interaction modalities of the platform are discussed due to its innovative potential and the possible benefits as a path to promote the hypermediation process between several agents of the communities and towards the promotion of territorial innovation.

A multitarefa, especialmente combinada com o uso de d­­iferentes tipos de meios de comunicação, tornou-se um comportamento comum na nossa vida quotidiana, sendo promovida por constantes desenvolvimentos tecnológicos em equipamentos de uso pessoal. Os comportamentos de multitarefa têm sido frequentemente estudados a partir de perspetivas individuais como a idade e o género. Há, contudo, menos estudos sobre como a origem, a afiliação cultural ou geográfica pode influenciar ou potenciar comportamentos de multitarefa. Este artigo tem como objectivo analisar uma possível ligação entre afiliação geográfica, uso de meios de comunicação e tendência para comportamentos multitarefa de um grupo de dez investigadores, todos do sexo masculino, todos com a mesma profissão e com o mesmo ambiente de trabalho, com diferentes afiliações geográficas, agrupados em diferentes grupos regionais (Europa, Norte de África, Ásia Meridional/Ocidental). Foram registadas diferenças no consumo de meios de comunicação, sendo os valores de consumo semanais do cluster europeu (76.3 horas) bastante abaixo da média, os do cluster norte-africano (104.83 horas) bastante acima da média e os do cluster asiático (83.17 horas) aproximados à média (86.92 horas/semana). Uma tendência semelhante verifica-se nos valores de multitarefa com vários meios de comunicação, apresentando o cluster europeu os valores mais baixos de comportamento multitarefa globalmente, mas também os valores mais baixos em relação a dez dos meios de comunicação. O cluster do Norte de África regista não só o maior índice de comportamento multitarefa dos três clusters, como valores parcelares de multitarefa mais elevados para oito dos meios de comunicação.

Atmospheric chemistry occurs within a fabric of profoundly complicated dynamics through several atmospheric layers [...]

Objective:: To report a rare case of Rickettsia encephalitis without exanthema. Case report:A 44-year-old male patient, a rural worker, presented daily fever, myalgia and asthenia progressing with left eye amaurosis, ataxia, mental fluctuation, paraparesis of the lower limbs, and divergent strabismus on the left. He was treated empirically with Ceftriaxone and dixiclin for Brucellosis, Rickettsia and Lyme. Positive laboratory test for Rickettsia rickettsii. Discussion: Macular Fever is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. It is acquired by the bite of the infected tick, of the genus Amblyomma. It presents a variable clinical course. The onset of symptoms is usually abrupt and nonspecific. Neurological manifestations are present in about 40% of the cases. The indirect immunofluorescence reaction is the gold standard for diagnosis. The drugs most effective for the treatment are: doxycycline and chloramphenicol. In Brazil, mortality rates are around 20-30%. Comments:Clinical suspicion and early initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy are critical to prevent more severe manifestations and to allow therapeutic success.

As proposal proponents of the thematic, the time (s), we considered relevant a broader reflection that would contribute to a cross-reading and an interdisciplinary perspective from History scientific area, taking into account the evolution of historiography, as well as the different meanings of time, between the historical and the symbolic.

We describe here our results from the copper-catalyzed three component reaction of 2-azidobenzaldehyde, anthranilamide and terminal alkynes, using Et3N as base, and DMSO as solvent. Depending on the temperature and amount of Et3N used in the reactions, 1,2,3-triazolyl-quinazolinones or 1,2,3-triazolyl-dihydroquinazolinone could be obtained. When the reactions were performed at 100 °C using 2 equivalents of Et3N, 1,2,3-triazolyl-dihydroquinazolinone was formed in 82% yield, whereas reactions carried out at 120 °C using 1 equivalent of Et3N provided 1,2,3-triazolyl-quinazolinones in moderate-to-good yields.

The proliferation of mobile devices and mobile applications has changed the way people communicate, work, and study, namely in higher education contexts. However, users have very different application usage habits from each other, and the data collecting instruments that typically support the studies usually rely on the perception that users report on their use. Hence, the reported user perception may not match the actual usage. Based on an exploratory approach, this article aims to analyze the use of mobile applications by students at the University of Aveiro. The study has a mixed approach that contemplates non-participant observation, the application of a survey, and log analysis. The triangulation between log records, the obtained data from the non-participant observation, and the surveys allows for a more objective assessment of the user profiles and will help to identify potential discrepancies between self-perception and actual use of mobile devices. The main conclusions show that the usage is quite significant and there is a huge tendency for the use of social media during classes. The most used applications are social networks which had a more intensive use than reported in the surveys. The methodology is also an important output of this study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and specific dengue coefficients of mortality in Brazil in the elderly population correlating the rates by male and female. Methods: Analytical ecological study with temporal trend of design. It was used as data sources Sistema de Informação Hospitalar, Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. The population corresponded to the elderly aged between 60 years to 100 attended at Brazilian public health system whom were diagnosed with dengue between 2008 and 2015. Results: The prevalence rates did not change in the general population between the years 2008 and 2015. There was a significant increase in the number of deaths from dengue. In the elderly group, the prevalence increased substantially, and the specific mortality analysis in this group showed higher values than the mortality of the general population affected by dengue. Conclusions: It is very important to underline studies on the involvement of dengue in elderly groups for the development of public politics and the creation of specific protocols for the diagnosis and treatment in that age group, considering the lack of scientific evidence to entail proper conduct in handling such patients