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Objective Airway-related patient safety incident (PSI) has always been the top concern of anesthesiologists because this type of incidents could severely threaten patient safety if not treated immediately and properly. This study intends to reveal the composition, prognosis, and to identify risk factors for airway related incidents reported by anesthesiologists. Methods All airway related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists in a Chinese academic hospital between September 2009 and May 2022 were collected from the PSI reporting system. Patients with airway incidents reported were matched 1:1 with controls based on sex and type of surgery. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to find risk factors associated with airway incident occurrence, and to evaluate influence of airway PSIs on patient prognosis. Results Among 1,038 PSIs voluntarily reported by anesthesiologists during the study period, 281 cases (27.1%) were airway-related incidents, with an overall reporting incidence of 4.74 per 10,000 among 592,884 anesthesia care episodes. Only ASA physical status was found to be significant independent predictor of these airway PSIs ( P = 0.020). Patients with airway PSIs reported had longer extubation time (0.72 ± 1.56 d vs . 0.16 ± 0.77 d, 95% CI : 0.29 to 0.82, P < 0.001), longer ICU length of stay (LOS) (1.63 ± 5.71 d vs . 0.19 ± 0.84 d, 95% CI : 0.57 to 2.32, P = 0.001), longer post operative LOS (10.56 ± 13.09 d vs . 7.59 ± 10.76 d, 95% CI : 0.41 to 5.53, P = 0.023), and longer total in-hospital LOS (14.99 ± 15.18 d vs . 11.62 ± 11.88 d, 95% CI : 0.46 to 6.27, P = 0.024). Conclusions This single-center retrospective case-control study describes the composition of airway-related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists within thirteen years. Airway incidents might influence patient prognosis by elongating extubation time and LOS. Airway PSI data were worth analyzing to improve patient safety.

Objective To investigate the incidence,treatment,therapeutic effect,and impact on quality of life of pain-depression comorbidity in the patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods The NMOSD patients comorbid with pain visiting the out-patient clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were interviewed in a face-to-face manner by neurologists for evaluating the neurologic disease.Pain,depression,and quality of life were evaluated by anesthesiologists based on the brief pain inventory,the Beck depression inventory-Ⅱ,and the MOS 36-item short form health survey scales,respectively.Results Totally 81 patients were included in this study,among which 38(46.9%)patients comorbid with depression were enrolled in the comorbidity group.The pain severity showed no significant difference between the two groups(3.3±3.1 vs. 2.3±2.2, P =0.087).The daily life activities and health-related quality of life were more severely influenced in the patients with comorbidity than in the patients without comorbidity as illustrated by the breif pain inventory[general activity and normal work( P =0.001);mood,relationship with other people,and enjoyment of life(all P <0.001);walking ability( P =0.004);sleep( P =0.016)]and the MOS 36-item short form health survey scales[physical functioning( P =0.001);role-physical,bodily pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotional,mental health(all P <0.001)].Only 30.9% of pain sufferers received analgesic medications,with the mean pain reduction percentage of(53.6±28.9)%.None of the patients in this study took antidepressants.Conclusions Pain-depression comorbidity was common in NMOSD patients and severely influenced the quality of life of the patients.However,only a few patients received analgesic or antidepressant medications.Pain-depression comorbidity in NMOSD patients should be scrutinized.

Background: Inhibition of α-amylase activity is an important strategy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. An important treatment for diabetes mellitus is to reduce the digestion of carbohydrates and blood glucose concentrations. Inhibiting the activity of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes such as α-amylase and glucosidase significantly decreases the blood glucose level. Most inhibitors of α-amylase have serious adverse effects, and the α-amylase inactivation mechanisms for the design of safer inhibitors are yet to be revealed., Objective: In this study, we focused on the inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on the structure and dynamic characteristics of α-amylase from Anoxybacillus sp. GXS-BL (AGXA), which shares the same catalytic residues and similar structures as human pancreatic and salivary α-amylase (HPA and HSA, respectively)., Methods: Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the protein (AGXA) in the absence and presence of Zn2+ were recorded on a Chirascan instrument. The content of different secondary structures of AGXA in the absence and presence of Zn2+ was analyzed using the online SELCON3 program. An AGXA amino acid sequence similarity search was performed on the BLAST online server to find the most similar protein sequence to use as a template for homology modeling. The pocket volume measurer (POVME) program 3.0 was applied to calculate the active site pocket shape and volume, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed with the Amber14 software package., Results: According to circular dichroism experiments, upon Zn2+ binding, the protein secondary structure changed obviously, with the α-helix content decreasing and β-sheet, β-turn and randomcoil content increasing. The structural model of AGXA showed that His217 was near the active site pocket and that Phe178 was at the outer rim of the pocket. Based on the molecular dynamics trajectories, in the free AGXA model, the dihedral angle of C-CA-CB-CG displayed both acute and planar orientations, which corresponded to the open and closed states of the active site pocket, respectively. In the AGXA-Zn model, the dihedral angle of C-CA-CB-CG only showed the planar orientation. As Zn2+ was introduced, the metal center formed a coordination interaction with H217, a cation-π interaction with W244, a coordination interaction with E242 and a cation-π interaction with F178, which prevented F178 from easily rotating to the open state and inhibited the activity of the enzyme., Conclusion: This research may have uncovered a subtle mechanism for inhibiting the activity of α-amylase with transition metal ions, and this finding will help to design more potent and specific inhibitors of α-amylases., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)