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The main objective of this research is to investigate the trends and impacts of different barriers to Bangladeshi Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry’s growth and sustainable development. The influencing factors or barriers have identified and their impacts have explored in this research. The trends of identified factors have shown with their specific reasons. Data of this research have collected from the apparel industry located in Dhaka (North & South) and Gazipur City Corporation area using different techniques based on random sampling from its fixed population specified by Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA). It has been found that most of the factors have a decreasing trend with mostly moderate impacts on the RMG industry’s growth and development. The most important reason for this research is to help the investors who are going to invest in Bangladeshi apparel sector by showing the present scenario.

Financial technology, commonly used the term as FinTech, is a key emerging driver of inclusive finance. This is also one of the emerging issues of finance as well as financial research. This research is done with the purpose of showing the present status of China’s FinTech in inclusive finance development. In addition, the study raises regional disparity and critical issues related to the inclusive development. A secondary data analysis methods are systematically carried out to demonstrate the present situation of internet finance in the development of inclusive finance in China, as well as the developing status of different provinces through internet finance. The ultimate finding of this research is that, despite significant development in China’s financial system, there is still a development inequality between the most and least developed regions. This study also identifies some important issues that should be taken care of by the policy makers. This research is done from authentic data also sources with appropriate explanations, which help the readers, academicians, researchers, and others to get comprehensive understanding of China’s FinTech and its influence on inclusive development.

Study Question: Does melatonin restore the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced meiotic failure in porcine oocytes?Summary Answer: Melatonin effectively inhibits the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptotic rate in BaP-exposed porcine oocytes to recover the meiotic failure.What Is Known Already: BaP, a widespread environmental carcinogen found in particulate matter, 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5), has been shown to have toxicity at the level of the reproductive systems. BaP exposure disrupts the steroid balance, alters the expression of ovarian estrogen receptor and causes premature ovarian failure through the rapid depletion of the primordial follicle pool. In addition, acute exposure to BaP has transient adverse effects on the follicle growth, ovulation and formation of corpora lutea, which results in transient infertility.Study Design, Size, Duration: Porcine oocytes were randomly assigned to control, BaP-exposed and melatonin-supplemented groups. BaP was dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide and diluted to a final concentration of 50, 100 or 250 μM with maturation medium, respectively. Melatonin was dissolved in the absolute ethanol and diluted with maturation medium to a final concentration of 1 nM, 100 nM, 10 μM and 1 mM, respectively. The in vitro cultured oocytes from each group after treatment were applied to the subsequent analysis.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Acquisition of oocyte meiotic competence was assessed using immunostaining, fluorescent intensity quantification and/or immunoblotting to analyse the cytoskeleton assembly, mitochondrial integrity, cortical granule dynamics, ovastacin distribution, ROS level and apoptotic rate. Fertilization ability of oocytes was examined by sperm binding assay and IVF.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: BaP exposure resulted in the oocyte meiotic failure (P = 0.001) via impairing the meiotic apparatus, showing a prominently defective spindle assembly (P = 0.003), actin dynamics (P < 0.001) and mitochondrion integrity (P < 0.001). In addition, BaP exposure caused the abnormal distribution of cortical granules (P < 0.001) and ovastacin (P = 0.003), which were consistent with the observation that fewer sperm bound to the zona pellucida surrounding the unfertilized BaP-exposed eggs (P < 0.001), contributing to the fertilization failure (P < 0.001). Conversely, melatonin supplementation recovered, at least partially, all the meiotic defects caused by BaP exposure through inhibiting the rise in ROS level (P = 0.015) and apoptotic rate (P = 0.001).Limitations, Reasons For Caution: We investigated the negative impact of BaP on the oocyte meiotic maturation in vitro, but not in vivo.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Our findings not only deeply clarify the potential mechanisms of BaP-induced oocyte meiotic failure, but also extend the understanding about how environmental pollutants influence the reproductive systems in humans.Study Funding/competing Interests: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571545) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20150677). The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: What are the underlying mechanisms of the decline in the fertilization ability of post-ovulatory aged oocytes?Summary Answer: Melatonin improves the fertilization ability of post-ovulatory aged oocytes by reducing aging-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibiting apoptosis and by maintaining the levels and localization of the fertilization proteins, ovastacin and Juno.What Is Known Already: Following ovulation, the quality of mammalian metaphase II oocytes irreversibly deteriorates over time with a concomitant loss of fertilization ability. Melatonin has been found to prevent post-ovulatory oocyte aging and extend the window for optimal fertilization in mice.Study Design, Size, Duration: Mouse oocytes were randomly assigned to three groups and aged in vitro for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. Increasing concentrations of melatonin (10-9 M, 10-7 M, 10-5 M and 10-3 M) were added to the 24 h aging group.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Sperm binding assays, in-vitro fertilization, immunofluorescent staining and western blotting were performed to investigate key regulators and events during fertilization of post-ovulatory aged mouse oocytes.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: We found that the actin cap which promotes a cortical granule (CG) free domain is disrupted with a re-distribution of CGs in the subcortex of aged oocytes. Ovastacin, a CG metalloendoprotease, is mis-located and prematurely exocytosed in aged oocytes with subsequent cleavage of the zona pellucida protein ZP2. This disrupts the sperm recognition domain and dramatically reduces the number of sperm binding to the zona pellucida. The abundance of Juno, the sperm receptor on the oocyte membrane, also is reduced in aged oocytes. Exposure of aged oocytes to melatonin significantly elevates in-vitro fertilization rates potentially by rescuing the above age-associated defects of fertilization, and reducing ROS and inhibiting apoptosis.Large Scale Data: N/A.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: We explored the mechanisms of the decline in fertilization ability decline in aged mouse oocytes, in vitro but not in vivo.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Our findings may contribute to the development a more efficient method, involving melatonin, for improving IVF success rates.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (31571545) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20150677). The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]