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Vinorine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, a type of natural alkaloids. Growing reports exhibited the numerous pharmacology activities of vinorine such as anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor. In this study, the effect of vinorine injection (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg) on motor function, sensation and nerve regeneration in sciatic nerve crush injury rat was investigated. The results of behavioral analysis, electrophysiological analysis and muscle histological analysis suggested that vinorine promoted the motor function recovery after sciatic nerve injury. The results of mechanical withdrawal thresholds assay and hot plate test demonstrated that vinorine improved the sensation recovery after sciatic nerve injury. The results of Fluoro-gold retrograde labeling, transmission electron microscope assay, toluidine blue and HE staining showed that vinorine attenuated the nerve damage caused by sciatic nerve injury and promoted the nerve regeneration. Furthermore, nerve growth factor (NGF) and its downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway participated in the neuro-recovery effect of vinorine after crush. In conclusion, vinorine treatment accelerated the sciatic nerve regeneration, motor function recovery and sensation recovery after crush injury via regulation of NGF and ERK activity. These results suggested that vinorine is a promising agent for never injury therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, chemotherapy is still the main effective treatment for cancer. Herb prescriptions containing Pogostemon cablin Benth (also known as “Guang-Huo-Xiang”) have been widely used in Chinese medicine today. In our research, we found that patchouli alcohol, a compound isolated from the oil of Pogostemon cablin Benth, exerted antitumor ability against human lung cancer A549 cells ability both in vitro and in vivo. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability. Hoechst 33342 staining and TUNEL cover glass staining provided the visual evidence of apoptosis. Caspase activity measurement showed that patchouli alcohol activated caspase 9 and caspase 3 of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Consistently, patchouli alcohol inhibited the xenograft tumor in vivo. Further investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism showed that MAPK and EGFR pathway might contribute to the antitumor effect of patchouli alcohol. Our study proved that patchouli alcohol might be able to serve as a novel antitumor compound in the clinical treatment of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The agent lobetyol, which is isolated from Lobelia chinensis , was previously shown to be cytotoxicity againts several cancer cell lines in published report. Today, we perform a study in vitro and in vivo to analyze its anti-carcinoma effect in MKN45 cells and to explore the molecular mechanism. Main methods The growth inhibition of lobetyol on MKN45 cells was analyzed with MTT and flow cytometry. Hoechst 33342 staining and TUNEL cover glass staining were used to provide the visual evidence of apoptosis. Western blotting assay was performed to study the activation or blocking of related signaling pathways. Key findings Lobetyol induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a time- and dose-dependent manner in MKN45 cells in our study. This process is mediated by the MAPK signaling pathways. This study confirmed the cytotoxicity of lobetyol in MKN45 cells and provided an insight into the molecular mechanism, which demonstrates the potential of lobetyol as an anti-tumor agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incidence of a physiological disorder expressed as flesh browning of ‘Empire’ apples ( Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.) during controlled atmosphere storage can be increased by treatment of fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Flesh browning incidence develops earlier in the stem-end than calyx-end region of the fruit. In this study, the color, activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX), and the total phenolic concentrations in the two tissue zones of fruit stored under CA conditions for 36 weeks have been investigated in fruit from two harvests (H1 and H2), two weeks apart. Flesh browning incidence was similar in fruit from both harvests after storage. At harvest, PPO activity was higher in calyx- than stem-end tissues while POX activity was higher in calyx- than stem-end tissues only at H1. During storage, the average PPO and POX activities were higher overall in fruit from H2 than H1, and PPO activity was higher in calyx-end than stem-end tissues. However, inconsistent patterns of change of PPO and POX activities were found in response to 1-MCP treatment and storage time. Total phenolic concentrations at harvest were higher in H2 than H1 fruit but during storage increased in H1 to higher concentrations than in H2 fruit. Overall, no evidence for close involvement of phenolics and/or PPO and POX activity in the development of flesh browning disorders was detected in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Fresh walnuts were treated with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0kGy of 60Coγ-ray irradiation. [•] Changes of nutrients and sensory quality were studied over time. [•] Peroxide value, fat, fatty acids, vitamin E concentrations, and sensory quality were greatly affected by 60Coγ-ray irradiation. [•] Optimal irradiation dose of 0.5kGy for fresh walnut was obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: The extent of tumor regression varies widely among patients who receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery. We evaluated the tumor regression grade (TRG) classification of patients and analyzed factors related to TRG and its value in predicting prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC)., Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic data of 269 consecutive patients with LARC treated from February 2002 to October 2014. The grade of TRG was based on the extent of primary tumor replaced by fibrosis. Clinical characteristics and relative survival were retrospectively analyzed., Results: There were 269 patients, among whom 67 patients (24.9%) achieved TRG0, whereas 46 patients (17.1%) showed TRG3. TRG1 and TRG2 were both found in 78 patients (29.0%). Clinicopathologic factors that were related to TRG included post-NACRT carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P=0.002), clinical T stage (P=0.022), pathologic T stage (P<0.001) and pathologic lymph node status (P=0.003). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 74.6%, 55.1%, 47.4%, 28.3% for TRG0, TRG1, TRG2, TRG3, respectively (P<0.001). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 64.2%, 47.4%, 37.2%, 23.9% for TRG0, TRG1, TRG2, TRG3, respectively (P<0.001). Based on multivariate analysis, TRG was a significant predictor for both OS (P=0.039) and DFS (P=0.043)., Conclusion: Clinicopathologic factors such as post-NACRT CEA level, clinical T stage, pathological T stage and pathological lymph node status are significantly associated with TRG. TRG is an independent predictor of survival. Therefore, it is reasonable to include the TRG for clinicopathologic assessment., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2023.)

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor commonly found in the digestive tract. This study aimed to explore the effect of circRNA&#95;002178 as a competing endogenous RNA in the development of CRC by regulating the miR-542-3p/cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) axis and its molecular mechanism., Methods: The relative expressions of circ&#95;002178, miR-542-3p, and CREB1 in patients' cell lines and CRC tissues were measured using Western blot and qRT-PCR. The localization and expression of circ&#95;002178 were determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization and nucleocytoplasmic separation tests. The targeting relationships among circ&#95;002178, miR-542-3p, and CREB1 were validated using RNA immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assays. The cells' proliferation, invasion, and colony forming ability were tested using CCK8, Transwell, and Clone formation assays, respectively. The cellular glucose consumption, lactification, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production were measured using glucose uptake colorimetric assay kits, lactate colorimetric assay kits and ATP assay kits, respectively., Results: The circ&#95;002178 and CREB1 expressions were up-regulated in the CRC cells and tissues, and the miR-542-3p expression was down-regulated (all P<0.05). The circ&#95;002178 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion, colony formation, and glycolysis of the CRC cells in vitro , but the overexpression of circ&#95;002178 induced the opposite result (both P<0.05). Our molecular mechanism study revealed that circ&#95;002178, as the molecular sponge of miR-542-3p, promotes CREB1 expression. The downregulation of miR-542-3p or the overexpression of CREB1 is able to partly weaken the inhibition of CRC cells through the circ&#95;002178 knockdown., Conclusion: circ&#95;002178 promotes the invasion, proliferation, colony formation, and glycolysis of CRC cells by regulating the miR-542-3p/CREB1 axis, thus driving the development of CRC., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2021.)