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It is a hot problem in epilepsy research to detect and predict seizures by EEG signals. Clinically, it is generally observed that there are only sudden abnormal signals during the ictal stage, but there is no significant difference in the EEG signal between the interictal and preictal stages. To solve the problem that preictal signals are difficult to recognize clinically, and then effectively improve the recognition efficiency of epileptic seizures, so, in this paper, some nonlinear methods are comprehensively used to extract the hidden information in the EEG signals in different stages, namely, phase space reconstruction (PSR), Poincaré section (PS), synchroextracting transform (SET), and machine learning for EEG signal analysis. First, PSR based on C-C method is used, and the results show that there are different diffuse attractor trajectories of the signals in different stages. Second, the confidence ellipse (CE) is constructed by using the scatter diagram of the corresponding trajectory on PS, and the aspect ratio and area of the ellipse are calculated. The results show that there is an interesting transitional phenomenon in preictal stage. To recognize ictal and preictal signals, time-frequency (TF) spectrums, which are processed by SET, are fed into the convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier. The accuracy of recognizing ictal and preictal signals reaches 99.7% and 93.7%, respectively. To summarize, our results based on nonlinear method provide new research ideas for seizure detection and prediction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Our results based on nonlinear method have better practical significance and clinical application value and improved the prediction efficiency of epileptic EEG signals effectively. This work provides direct insight into the application of these biomarkers for seizure detection and prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies have examined unhealthy food packaging information, mainly focusing on aspects such as the content, color, and text, whilst paying less attention to the boundaries of information. This paper investigates unhealthy foods through three experiments, revealing that the presence (vs. absence) of packaging information boundaries on unhealthy foods has a negative impact on consumers' purchasing intentions (p = 0.040) (Experiment 1). The feeling of constraint mediates this effect (β = −0.078, CI: [−0.1911, −0.0111]) (Experiment 2). Additionally, consumers with an independent self-construal exhibit reduced purchasing intentions when unhealthy food packaging information boundaries are present (vs. absent) (p < 0.001), whereas those with an interdependent self-construal show increased purchasing intentions under the same conditions (p = 0.024) (Experiment 3). This paper reveals the psychological mechanism and boundary conditions of unhealthy food packaging information boundaries affecting consumers' purchasing intention and provides practical inspiration for government policy-making related to unhealthy food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Background Pressure injury stands as a global healthcare concern, primarily affecting elderly individuals. As the ageing of the global population shows no signs of slowing down, both society and the families of the affected individuals continue to bear the brunt of the consequences of pressure injuries. The majority of pressure injury cases are managed at home, and the occurrence and progression of pressure injuries in the elderly are closely associated with informal caregivers. This study aims to qualitatively explore the cognitive status of caregivers for elderly patients with home-induced pressure injuries, as well as their psychological state and needs during the caregiving process. Methods This research is qualitative, descriptive, and phenomenological in nature. A purposive sampling method was used. Eighteen caregivers of elderly patients with pressure injuries were selected from Jiangnan University Medical Centre as interviewees from June 2023 to August 2023. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to collect data regarding the caregivers' cognition, psychological state, and care-related needs while caring for elderly patients with home-induced pressure injuries. The data were then organised and analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method and NVivo 11.0. Results Through the analysis of interview data from caregivers of elderly patients with home-induced pressure injuries, three main themes and nine subthemes were identified. The data analysis also revealed that the caregivers surveyed lacked the crucial awareness of preventing pressure injuries and that their caregiving practices were not up to standards. During the caregiving process, they were challenged with substantial stress while also experiencing negative emotions such as anxiety or depression. They had a strong desire for persistent medical support to alleviate the psychological and emotional challenges. Conclusion The findings of this study establish a collaborative relationship network among the hospitals, family, medical staff, and caregivers in the management of pressure injuries, but with a special attention to the caregivers' needs for disease-related knowledge and psychophysical support. Such relationships streamline communication between medical staff, patients, and their caregivers, facilitating the adoption of active and correct methods by caregivers to prevent and care for pressure injuries. This can positively impact the quality of care for pressure injuries, further improving the life quality of patients and their caregivers, controlling the incidence of pressure injuries, and reducing readmission rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]